GB2307142A - Steering an antenna in accordance with mobile location - Google Patents

Steering an antenna in accordance with mobile location Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2307142A
GB2307142A GB9522860A GB9522860A GB2307142A GB 2307142 A GB2307142 A GB 2307142A GB 9522860 A GB9522860 A GB 9522860A GB 9522860 A GB9522860 A GB 9522860A GB 2307142 A GB2307142 A GB 2307142A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
antenna
mobile station
base station
location
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9522860A
Other versions
GB9522860D0 (en
Inventor
Simon Everett Pike
Peter William Dale Bishop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Motorola Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Ltd filed Critical Motorola Ltd
Priority to GB9522860A priority Critical patent/GB2307142A/en
Publication of GB9522860D0 publication Critical patent/GB9522860D0/en
Publication of GB2307142A publication Critical patent/GB2307142A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

Abstract

The position of a mobile station 21-23 is determined by propagation times of signals or attenuation of signals received from a number of base stations 14-16 and controls the steering of an antenna 18 to maximise radiated power in the direction of the mobile 21. The system may control operation so that mobile stations in a similar location use the same timeslot for communication.

Description

METHOD FOR A STEERABLE ANTENNA Field of the Invention This invention relates in general to an apparatus and method for steering an antenna, and more particularly to an apparatus and a method for steering an antenna in a communications system according to a location of a mobile station.
Background to the Invention Present communications systems, such as cellular radio systems divide an area over which communications service is to be offered into a number of smaller areas, called cells, each of which is served from a single base site. Often, the area to be served from a single base station site is divided into smaller areas, called sectors. The system determines which base station site, and which sector, is to be used for communication with a particular mobile station by making measurements on the signal received from the mobile (including its strength) at a number of fixed locations.
Each area to be served has a separate antenna at the base station site for transmitting to the mobile station. A signal is also received from the mobile station at the base station site using either a single antenna or more than one antenna (the latter being called diversity reception). Depending on circumstances, some or all of the antennas at the base station site may be used for both transmission and reception.
In a radio communication system employing time division multiple access (TDMA), transmission on a single RF carrier from a base station is divided into a number of time slots, each of which is dedicated to transmission to a particular mobile station according to a predetermined sequence. Similarly, each mobile transmits to the base station sequentially in a series of time slots. Some means of synchronisation between the base and mobile stations is required to ensure that each mobile station only transmits in its correct time slot.
The characteristics of the antennas used at the base station site are often a compromise between maximising coverage of the desired area, and minimising interfering signals transmitted to, and received from, other areas.
The technique of phased array antennas is well known to those skilled in the art. A phased array antenna consists of a number of radiating elements. Each element is connected to a common port by a circuit which divides the power from the transmitter to individual elements in the antenna in pre-determined proportions, and with predetermined relative phases of voltage (as measured at the input to the radiating elements). If the power division ratio or the relative phase to the individual elements is changed, the characteristics of the aerial will be changed (in particular, the polar distribution of radiated power from the antenna, also know as the radiation pattern). By this means the radiation pattern of the antenna may be steered in a particular direction.
The steerable antenna may be adjusted to maximise the radiated power in the direction of a mobile station from which a signal is being received. The angle of arrival of the signal from the mobile station is calculated from measurements made on the signal received by a number of adjacent antennas or radiating elements of the same antenna at the base station. The directional properties of an antenna are the same for the transmission and reception of signals (the term radiation pattern is therefore used throughout this document to describe the directional properties when both transmitting and receiving).
The steerable antenna may therefore also be used to maximise the signal received from a given direction. In the case of a steerable antenna used for reception, it is possible to use the same antenna for receiving the signal as is used for making measurements. It is also possible to change the radiation pattern of the antenna to minimise it in a particular direction.
In a cellular radio system, measurements of the level of signal received from a mobile station at a number of base sites is used to assist the system in determining which of the cells should be used to communicate with that mobile. They can also be used to estimate the distance between the base and mobile stations, but these estimates are poor because the signal level also depends on other unknown factors, including the terrain and local obstructions to the radio signal.
In many radio systems that use digital communications between the base site and mobile stations, it is possible to measure the propagation delay of the radio path between them, and from this calculate the length of the radio path. The direct distance between transmitter and receiver must (subject to any measurement uncertainty) be less than or equal to the length of the radio path. In a cellular radio employing TDMA, the measurement of delay may be performed as part of the process of synchronisation between base and mobile stations.
In the GSM system of digital cellular radio, the measurement of propagation delay between a base station and a mobile station with which it is communicating, which occurs as part of the synchronisation between them, is known as timing advance (in this document, references to the GSM system include the DCS1800 system).
However, getting one distance measurement approximating the distance between the base site and the mobile station does not give a location of the mobile station and therefore may not be reliable to depend on for directing a steerable antenna. What is desired are reliable measurements that determine a location of the mobile station in order to steer the antenna efficiently towards the mobile station and minimise radiation in other directions.
Summarv of the Invention According to the present invention, a method is provided for steering an antenna in a communications system having a mobile station and at least one base station, including the steps of determining the location of the mobile station and changing the radiation pattern of the antenna according to the location of the mobile station.
In an alternative embodiment, a base station is provided having a steerable antenna for use in a communications system including means for determining the location of a mobile station and means for changing the radiation pattern of the antenna dependent upon the location of the mobile station.
Brief Descrintion of the Drawing FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a cellular radiocommunication system incorporating base stations and an antennas according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for a method for steering an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in which the distance of the mobile station from one base station is estimated.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart for a method for steering an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in which the distance of the mobile station from a plurality of base stations is estimated.
Detailed Descnntion of the Preferred Embodlment Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a diagram of a cellular radiocommunication system 10 in which the area to be served is divided into cells 11-13. In each cell there is a base station 14-16, each of which has at least one antenna 17-19. The base station may have a single antenna for both transmission and reception or separate antennas for transmission and reception. It may have more than one antenna for diversity reception.
These antennas have directivity, that is, if the base station is used for transmitting, a higher RF field 20 will be radiated in certain directions than in others. It will of course be appreciated that if the same antenna is used for reception, the received power will be higher for the same RF field incident on the antenna from certain directions than for the same RF field incident from other directions. The directivity of an antenna can be expressed as a gain, that is the ratio of the RF field radiated in a particular direction from the antenna to the field that would be radiated by a reference antenna.
If a particular base station station 15 is in communication with a mobile station 21, then the base station is able to estimate the distance of the mobile station from the base station. One means of estimating this distance is for the base station to calculate the attenuation of the radio path between the base station and mobile station and to compare this with a propagation model of the attenuation of a typical radio path against distance.
A second, and generally more accurate, means of estimating the distance of mobile station from a base station is to measure the propagation delay of radio signals between the base station and mobile station. The equivalent distance may be calculated using the known velocity of propagation of radio waves. In the GSM system of digital cellular radio, the measurement of propagation delay between the base station and the mobile station with which it is communicating occurs as part of the synchronisation between them, and is known as timing advance.
Referring to FIG 2, the first step in this method 31 is for the base station to estimate the distance of a particular mobile station 21 from the base station 15. A second step 32 may optionally be to estimate the distance of other mobile stations 22, 23 from the base station. In the third step 33, the base station determines the optimum radiation pattern 20 from the antenna of the base station 18. This may be to either maximise the radiated field in the direction of the particular mobile station 21, or to minimise it in some other direction, such as the direction of other mobile stations 22, 23.
For instance, if the distance of a particular mobile station 21 from the base station with which it is in communication 15 is small, and the base station antenna 18 is elevated relative to the mobile station 21, the radiation pattern of the RF field 20 from the antenna 18 may be altered in a vertical plane so that the field radiated in a horizontal direction is reduced. Thus, the interference caused by the base station 15 to another mobile station 22 using the same frequency in a different cell 13, at a greater distance from the base station 15 would be reduced. In the fourth step 34, the base station 15 instructs its antenna 18 to adopt this radiation pattern while it is in communication with the mobile station. Similarly a vertical radiation direction may be changed to change a radiation pattern.Propagation delay measurements and/or attenuation measurements between the mobile and at least one base station may be used to determine the location of the mobile station. An independent positioning system may also be used to determine the location of the mobile station.
As will be appreciated, the directivity of a receive antenna at the base station can be altered in a like manner to maximise the received signal from a particular mobile station, or to reduce the level of interference from another mobile station.
Referring to FIG 3, the method of the present invention includes estimating the radial distance of a mobile station from measurements taken from at least two base stations. The location of the mobile station within the cell 12 may then be estimated from such measurements. The first step 41 is for a first base station to estimate the distance of a particular mobile station 21 from the base station 15. Concurrently 42, at least one further base station 16 also estimates the distance of the particular mobile station 21 from that base station 16. The second step 43 is for the base station 15 to use the estimate of the distance of the mobile station 16 from the base station 15, together with the estimate(s) of the distance of the mobile station 16 from the further base station(s) 16 and the known location of each of the base stations, to estimate the location of the mobile station.In the third step 44, 45, 46, the location of other mobile stations 22, 23 operating in other cells 11, 13 may optionally also be estimated in a like manner, using estimates of the distance of the mobile station from two or more base stations. In the fourth step 47 the base station determines the optimum radiation pattern 20 from the antenna of the base station 18. This may be to either manmise the radiated field (gain) in the direction of the particular mobile station 21, or to minimise it in some other direction, such as the direction of other mobile stations 22, 23.The radiation pattern can then be altered in the horizontal, as well as vertical, planes so that the radiation pattern of the RF field 20 from the antenna 18 can be maximised in the direction of the mobile station 21, and/or can be reduced in the direction of at least one other mobile station 22, 23. In the fifth step 48, the base station 15 instructs its antenna 18 to adopt this radiation pattern while it is in communication with the mobile station.
In a radio communication system employing time division multiple access (TDMA), the radiation pattern can be changed for each separate timeslot. If such a system employs more than one RF carrier in a cell, it is possible for the system to control the operation of the mobile stations such that those mobile stations in a similar location use the same timeslot for communication. Thus, the radiation pattern(s) of the base station antenna(s) required for effective operation of the invention will be appropriate for all of the mobile stations using one timeslot.
In an alternative embodiment, the mobile station estimates its position using an alternative means, and reports its estimated position to the base station.

Claims (5)

Claims
1. A method of steering an antenna in a communications system having a mobile station and at least one base station, the method comprising the steps of: determining the location of the mobile station; and changing the radiation pattern of the antenna according to the location of the mobile station.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the location of the mobile station includes estimating a radial distance of the mobile station from the base station.
3. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of determining the location of the mobile station includes estimating radial distances from at least two base stations.
4. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of changing the radiation pattern of the antenna includes changing a horizontal radiation direction of the antenna.
5. A method for steering an antenna substantially herein described with reference to FIGs. 2and 3 of the drawing.
5. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of changing the radiation pattern of the antenna includes changing a vertical radiation direction of the antenna.
6. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of determining the location of the mobile station includes measuring a propagation delay between the mobile station and at least one base station.
7. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of determining the location of the mobile station includes measuring the attenuation of the radio path between the mobile station and at least one base station.
8. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of determining the location of the mobile station includes estimating the location of the mobile station by an independent positioning system.
9. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the step of changing the radiation pattern of the antenna includes increasing a gain of the antenna in the direction of the mobile station and reducing a gain of the antenna in another direction.
10. The method of any of the preceding claims wherein the communications system is a time division multiple access digital communications system.
11. The method of claim 6 wherein the communications system is a GSM communications system and the step of measuring a propagation delay includes using a timing advance parameter of the communications system.
12. A base station having a steerable antenna for use in a communications system including at least one base station for receiving and transmitting communications signals to at least one mobile station, the base station comprising: means for determining the location of the mobile station; and means for changing the radiation pattern of the antenna dependent upon the location of the mobile station.
13. The method or aparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the antenna is a tranmitter antenna.
4. A steerable antenna substantially as herein described with reference to FIG. 1 of the drawing.
GB9522860A 1995-11-08 1995-11-08 Steering an antenna in accordance with mobile location Withdrawn GB2307142A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9522860A GB2307142A (en) 1995-11-08 1995-11-08 Steering an antenna in accordance with mobile location

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9522860A GB2307142A (en) 1995-11-08 1995-11-08 Steering an antenna in accordance with mobile location

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GB9522860D0 GB9522860D0 (en) 1996-01-10
GB2307142A true GB2307142A (en) 1997-05-14

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997046039A1 (en) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-04 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method for optimising coverage by reshaping antenna pattern
GB2318947A (en) * 1996-10-30 1998-05-06 Motorola Inc Intelligent digital beam forming system responsive to traffic demand
EP0865099A2 (en) * 1997-02-13 1998-09-16 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd Method and apparatus for controlling array antenna
WO1999025142A2 (en) * 1997-11-05 1999-05-20 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method of improving quality of radio connection
WO1999056349A1 (en) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Intentional sidelobe creation
AU717667B2 (en) * 1995-09-26 2000-03-30 Societe Anonyme Dite Alcatel Cit Cellular mobile radio system and base transceiver station and base station controller therefor
GB2349045A (en) * 1999-04-16 2000-10-18 Fujitsu Ltd Base station transmission beam pattern forming; interference reduction
WO2001017065A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-08 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method for electronical beam control in a telecommunications system and base station using said method
WO2002003498A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-10 Nokia Corporation Antenna system
GB2367455A (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-03 Roke Manor Research Interference reduction in a cellular communication system having a beamed downlink
WO2004027927A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 Locata Corporation A system and method for the mitigation of multipath and the improvement of signal-to-noise ratios in time division multiple access(tdma) location networks
EP1414256A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-04-28 Lucent Technologies Inc. A method and system for transferring of a call connection connecting a base station and a mobile user terminal between dedicated and shared channels
WO2005022190A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-10 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and system of positioning
EP2299749A2 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-23 Vodafone Group PLC Setting the radiation pattern of an antenna

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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU717667B2 (en) * 1995-09-26 2000-03-30 Societe Anonyme Dite Alcatel Cit Cellular mobile radio system and base transceiver station and base station controller therefor
US6510312B1 (en) 1996-05-27 2003-01-21 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method for optimising coverage by reshaping antenna pattern
WO1997046039A1 (en) * 1996-05-27 1997-12-04 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method for optimising coverage by reshaping antenna pattern
AU722797B2 (en) * 1996-05-27 2000-08-10 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method for optimising coverage by reshaping antenna pattern
GB2318947A (en) * 1996-10-30 1998-05-06 Motorola Inc Intelligent digital beam forming system responsive to traffic demand
GB2318947B (en) * 1996-10-30 2001-08-15 Motorola Inc Method and intelligent digital beam forming system responsive to traffic demand
EP0865099A3 (en) * 1997-02-13 2000-11-08 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd Method and apparatus for controlling array antenna
EP0865099A2 (en) * 1997-02-13 1998-09-16 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd Method and apparatus for controlling array antenna
WO1999025142A3 (en) * 1997-11-05 1999-07-15 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method of improving quality of radio connection
AU746321B2 (en) * 1997-11-05 2002-04-18 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method of improving quality of radio connection
US6229481B1 (en) 1997-11-05 2001-05-08 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method of improving quality of radio connection
WO1999025142A2 (en) * 1997-11-05 1999-05-20 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method of improving quality of radio connection
US6433737B2 (en) 1997-11-05 2002-08-13 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Method of improving quality of radio connection
WO1999056349A1 (en) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Intentional sidelobe creation
US6542519B1 (en) 1998-04-27 2003-04-01 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Intentional sidelobe creation
GB2349045A (en) * 1999-04-16 2000-10-18 Fujitsu Ltd Base station transmission beam pattern forming; interference reduction
WO2001017065A1 (en) * 1999-08-27 2001-03-08 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method for electronical beam control in a telecommunications system and base station using said method
WO2002003498A1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2002-01-10 Nokia Corporation Antenna system
US6822619B2 (en) 2000-06-30 2004-11-23 Nokia Corporation Antenna system
GB2367455A (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-03 Roke Manor Research Interference reduction in a cellular communication system having a beamed downlink
CN1689191B (en) * 2002-09-20 2012-03-21 洛克达公司 A system and method for the mitigation of multipath and the improvement of signal-to-noise ratios in time division multiple access (TDMA) location networks
WO2004027927A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 Locata Corporation A system and method for the mitigation of multipath and the improvement of signal-to-noise ratios in time division multiple access(tdma) location networks
EP1547196A1 (en) * 2002-09-20 2005-06-29 Locata Corporation A system and method for the mitigation of multipath and the improvement of signal-to-noise ratios in time division multiple access(tdma) location networks
EP1547196A4 (en) * 2002-09-20 2011-06-29 Locata Corp A system and method for the mitigation of multipath and the improvement of signal-to-noise ratios in time division multiple access(tdma) location networks
EP1414256A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-04-28 Lucent Technologies Inc. A method and system for transferring of a call connection connecting a base station and a mobile user terminal between dedicated and shared channels
US8891361B2 (en) 2002-10-24 2014-11-18 Alcatel Lucent Method of transfer of a call connection connecting a telecommunications base station and a mobile user terminal between dedicated and shared channels, and a corresponding telecommunications system
WO2005022190A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-10 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Method and system of positioning
EP2299749A2 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-23 Vodafone Group PLC Setting the radiation pattern of an antenna
ES2382794A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2012-06-13 Vodafone España, S.A.U. Setting the radiation pattern of an antenna
US8447360B2 (en) 2009-09-22 2013-05-21 Vodafone Group Plc Setting the radiation pattern of an antenna
EP2299749A3 (en) * 2009-09-22 2014-10-01 Vodafone Group PLC Setting the radiation pattern of an antenna
US20110070908A1 (en) * 2009-09-22 2011-03-24 Vodafone Group Plc Setting the radiation pattern of an antenna

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