GB2273998A - Hologram composition - Google Patents
Hologram composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2273998A GB2273998A GB9227061A GB9227061A GB2273998A GB 2273998 A GB2273998 A GB 2273998A GB 9227061 A GB9227061 A GB 9227061A GB 9227061 A GB9227061 A GB 9227061A GB 2273998 A GB2273998 A GB 2273998A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- biodegradable
- film
- hot melt
- microbially
- holographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound OCCCC([O-])=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- UQGPCEVQKLOLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaneperoxoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OO UQGPCEVQKLOLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000218 poly(hydroxyvalerate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IUPHTVOTTBREAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanoic acid;3-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O.CCC(O)CC(O)=O IUPHTVOTTBREAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920013642 Biopol™ Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001279 adipic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003232 aliphatic polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002311 glutaric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000921 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004728 pyruvic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003444 succinic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H1/0244—Surface relief holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H1/0256—Laminate comprising a hologram layer having specific functional layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0272—Substrate bearing the hologram
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/10—Laminate comprising a hologram layer arranged to be transferred onto a carrier body
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Abstract
A microbially biodegradable polymeric film has a surface relief holographic pattern. Preferably the biodegradable film is a copolymer of hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate but starch modified and corn derived polymers also specified. Preferably, the film is attached via a wax release layer to a support which may be biodegradable, the film holographically embossed and coated with a layer of Al, steel, ZnS or TiO2 and a hot melt adhesive which also might be biodegradable.
Description
NOVEL HOLOGRAM COMPOSITION
This invention relates to a new holographic material composition which will degrade when the document or component to which it is attached is exposed to microbial biological action on disposal.
According to the present invention there is provided an holographic construction in which light diffraction is caused by a surface relief pattern1 in which the surface relief holographic pattern is formed by a microbially biodegradable polymeric film.
The microbially degradable film should for many applications be transparent.
For the purposes of this invention we are concerned with light diffracting surface relief patterns the visual effect of which may be to provide a plain diffraction effect such as formed by a diffraction grating structure, a graphical diffractive pattern such as of the so-called 2D and 2D/3D types, holographic images of objects, and complex diffracting patterns such as computer generated diffracting arrays such as the Landis and Gyr "Kinegram". The more complex images are formed by the provision on the diffracting surface of complex diffracting structures. For brevity such materials will be described as holographic materials and the holographic effects will be taken to include the above effects from the diffraction of visible including white, or infrared light.
Microbially biodegradable polymers suitable for the invention may be determined by the following tests all of which must be passed:
1 formation of a plastic film which has substantially constant flexibility within the range 0 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius and is preferably clear:
2 the surface of the film must accept and retain an holographic surface relief pattern which is impressed onto it by a metallic shim holding such a moulding pattern on its surface:
3 when seeded with microbial spores commonly available in the environment and kept under conditions of high humidity within the ambient temperature range the film must be a nutrient to such spores.
Microbial nourishment may be determined by the replication of the spores on the surface of the film accompanied by the deterioration of the film in the absence of other nutrients.
According to the invention a microbially biodegradable hologram is one which comprises a polymeric material which passes the above tests.
Microbially biodegradable" films will be termed "biodegradable" films in the remainder of the description.
A suitable biodegradable film substantially comprises polyhydroxybutyrate or polyhydroxyvalerate in homopolymeric or copolymeric form. Such films are available from ICI plc under the brand name BIOPOL and they are thermoplastic resins comprising poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) poly(beta-hydroxyvalerate) copolymers. BIOPOL is insoluble in water and melts within the range 100 to 180 degrees
Celsius. The substance is degradable in microbially active environments.
The biodegradable polymers may be blended with other non-biodegradable polymers in blends to form embossable plastics in which at least half of the composite by weight comprises the biodegradable polymer.
Alternative materials include:
lactic acid polymers:
starch modified polyethylene:
starch modified polyesters: poly-tepsilon]caprolactone: cyclic acrylates containing pyruvates:
polysaccharide based graft copolymers (e.g.US
4891404):
starch-ethylene-acrylic copolymers (e.g. US
4133784):
N-protected glycine/methyl 6-aminocaproate
hydrochloride copolymers:
acetal, carboxyacetal, orthoester,
carboxyorthoester linked polymers (e.g. US
4957998):
certain polyanhydrides and diamide-esters:
thermoplastic dibasic esters such as the refined
dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic
acids. (Polym. Paint Col. J. 1991 Vol.
181 (4290) 503-4: and
corn and maize derived polymers.
The susceptibility to microbial attack is dependent on the structure of the polymer.
High molar mass synthetic polymers as a class are resistant but important exceptions are polymers with aliphatic esters in the main chain and polyurethanes based on polyester diols.
Polymers with mixed linkages show more susceptibility to biodegradation than polymers with carbon to carbon linkages. Thus aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone, polyethylene adipate and polyglycolic acid are readily microbially attacked.
The thin reflective or refractive layer applied to the embossed surface is also generally selected to be environmentally harmless or readily to form harmless products such as by mineralisation when exposed to environmental conditions, such as zinc blende (i.e. zinc sulphide). Thus layers of the following may be used:
aluminium (which mineralises on oxidation to
aluminium oxide)
stainless steel
aluminium oxide
titanium dioxide
zirconium oxide
magnesium oxide
zinc oxide
zinc sulphide.
Aluminium is commonly used in the making of holograms of the type described and it for example is incorporated as a very thin coating which will gradually fully oxidise to aluminium oxide which may in turn result in an aluminosilicate soil product.
Biodegradable holograms may be affixed to a variety of substrates both degradable and biodegradable and normally printed but it is intended that they be affixed to biodegradable materials such as biodegradable cellulosic materials, having a suitably flat surface. It is clearly an advantage to be able to apply an biodegradable hologram to biodegradable materials so as not to leave an intact hologram when the substrate degrades.
A biodegradable holographic transfer tape may thus be formed by providing a polyester carrier film, applying a wax coating1 applying over the wax the biodegradable polymer to form a film, embossing the exposed surface of the biodegradable film at a temperature between 80 and 200 degrees Celsius with a diffractive mould, setting the diffractive profile into the surface of the biodegradable film, applying a thin layer of titanium dioxide or other reflective or refractive material under high vacuum conditions, and then an hot melt adhesive coating.
As an alternative to the use of a discrete wax layer the biodegradable polymer may be contain a low proportion of wax so as to impart release properties to it.
As an alternative to the use of hot melt adhesives, biodegradable self-adhesive coatings may be used such as vinyl acetate types, phenolics, polyurethanes, and starches.
The biodegradable holograms will generally be of the white light viewable type such as rainbow holograms and any suitable diffraction pattern may be embossed into the surface.
Such biodegradable films are self supporting and handleable during manufacture if of thickness at least 12 microns. They may be used for general purpose holographically patterned laminating film, packaging film, labels and the like.
The present invention potentially offers biodegradability in estuarine sediments, soil, managed landfills, plant composts, river water, and sea water.
Recyclability may also occur when appropriate.
Examples of biodegradable holographic film constructions are as follows: 1 Hot stamping foil:
Polyester carrier film
Wax release layer
Biodegradable embossable film
Holographically embossed surface of film
Aluminium, stainless steel, titanium dioxide
or zinc sulphide layer
Conventional hot melt adhesive or
biodegradable hot melt adhesive such as
starch modified polymer or polyamide.
2 Hot stamping foil:
Biodegradable carrier film such as pol yhydroxyval erate polyhydroxybutyrate copolymer.
Wax layer
Biodegradable embossable film
Holographically embossed surface of film
Aluminium, stainless steel, titanium dioxide or
zinc sulphide layer
Conventional hot melt adhesive or biodegradable hot
melt adhesive such as starch modified polymer
or polyamide.
3 Biodegradable holographic label:
Biodegradable carrier film such as
polyhydroxyvalerate/polyhydroxybutyrate
copolymer.
Holographically embossed surface of
biodegradable film
Aluminium, stainless steel, titanium dioxide
or zinc sulphide layer
Conventional hot melt adhesive or biodegradable
pressure sensitive adhesive including uv and
electron beam curable types.
4 Biodegradable holographic label:
Polyester carrier film with priming treatment such
as corona discharge treatment
Biodegradable embossable lacquer
Holographically embossed surface of lacquer
Aluminium, stainless steel, titanium dioxide or
zinc sulphide layer
Conventional hot melt adhesive or biodegradable hot
melt adhesive such as starch modified polymer
or polyamide.
Claims (1)
1. A microbially biodegradable polymeric film having a surface relief holographic pattern.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9227061A GB2273998A (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1992-12-29 | Hologram composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9227061A GB2273998A (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1992-12-29 | Hologram composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9227061D0 GB9227061D0 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
| GB2273998A true GB2273998A (en) | 1994-07-06 |
Family
ID=10727290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9227061A Withdrawn GB2273998A (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1992-12-29 | Hologram composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2273998A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996017369A1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-06 | Cookson Group Plc | Process of metallizing phosphor screens |
| US20100065985A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Api Foils Limited | Holographic film |
| US20100327485A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-30 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | Diffractive microstructure and a method of producing the same |
| EP2278300A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-26 | Universität Wien | Device comprising a polymer layer and a reflecting layer |
| WO2011009907A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-27 | Universität Wien | Device comprising a polymer layer and a reflecting layer |
| DE102015109642A1 (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2016-12-22 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Foil, method of decorating an object and article |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660091A (en) * | 1970-04-13 | 1972-05-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Passivation of dichromated gelatin holograms to high relative humidity ambients |
| GB2116908A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1983-10-05 | Jeffrey Blyth | Hologram identification device |
| US4668440A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-05-26 | Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag | Device for regulating engine idling speed |
| US4893897A (en) * | 1988-03-02 | 1990-01-16 | Dow Chemical Company | Plastic optical fiber for in vivo use having a biocompatible polyurethane cladding |
| EP0445758A2 (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-09-11 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Method for improving the signal-to-noise ratio in holography when using bacteriorhodopsin based recording media |
-
1992
- 1992-12-29 GB GB9227061A patent/GB2273998A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3660091A (en) * | 1970-04-13 | 1972-05-02 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Passivation of dichromated gelatin holograms to high relative humidity ambients |
| GB2116908A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1983-10-05 | Jeffrey Blyth | Hologram identification device |
| US4668440A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1987-05-26 | Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag | Device for regulating engine idling speed |
| US4893897A (en) * | 1988-03-02 | 1990-01-16 | Dow Chemical Company | Plastic optical fiber for in vivo use having a biocompatible polyurethane cladding |
| EP0445758A2 (en) * | 1990-03-08 | 1991-09-11 | Consortium für elektrochemische Industrie GmbH | Method for improving the signal-to-noise ratio in holography when using bacteriorhodopsin based recording media |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996017369A1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-06 | Cookson Group Plc | Process of metallizing phosphor screens |
| US5874124A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1999-02-23 | Cookson Plc | Process for metallizing phosphor screens |
| US20100327485A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-12-30 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | Diffractive microstructure and a method of producing the same |
| EP2222711A4 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2017-09-27 | Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus | Diffractive microstructure and a method of producing the same |
| US10744704B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2020-08-18 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Diffractive microstructure and a method of producing the same |
| US20100065985A1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Api Foils Limited | Holographic film |
| EP2163381A3 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2012-07-04 | API Foils Limited | Holographic film |
| EP2278300A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-26 | Universität Wien | Device comprising a polymer layer and a reflecting layer |
| WO2011009907A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-27 | Universität Wien | Device comprising a polymer layer and a reflecting layer |
| DE102015109642A1 (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2016-12-22 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Foil, method of decorating an object and article |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9227061D0 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
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