GB2228082A - Gas or liquid chemical sensor - Google Patents
Gas or liquid chemical sensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2228082A GB2228082A GB8900752A GB8900752A GB2228082A GB 2228082 A GB2228082 A GB 2228082A GB 8900752 A GB8900752 A GB 8900752A GB 8900752 A GB8900752 A GB 8900752A GB 2228082 A GB2228082 A GB 2228082A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- detected
- detector
- waveguide
- sensor according
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000003914 Cholinesterases Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000322 Cholinesterases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940048961 cholinesterase Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000382 optic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J2009/028—Types
- G01J2009/0288—Machzehnder
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6432—Quenching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
- G01N2021/7779—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor interferometric
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N2021/7769—Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
- G01N2021/7786—Fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Abstract
A sensor for detecting chemical substances comprises an optical waveguide C, a portion of which has provided thereon a layer A of a detector material whose optical characteristics are changed by contact with a chemical substance to be detected. A light source E is provided at one end of the waveguide, and detector means detect a change in the light emerging from the other end of the waveguide as a result of a change in the optical characteristics of the detector material, thereby indicating the presence of the chemical substance to be detected. The sensor may be in the form of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or the detector material may be rendered fluorescent, or have its fluorescence reduced, by reaction with the substance to be detected. <IMAGE>
Description
GAS AND LIQUID SENSOR This invention relates to a sensor for detecting gaseous or liquid chemica] substances.
According to the invention, a sensor for detecting chemica] substances comprises an optical waveguide, a portion of which has provided thereon a layer of a detector material whose optical character5 st3 Cs are changed by contact with a. chemical substance to be detected, a Wight. source at. one end of the waveguide, and detector means for detecting a change in the light emerging from the other end of the waveguide as a result of the change in the optica]. characteristics of the detector material.
Preferably the said portion of the optical waveguide forms one branch of a Mach Zehnder Interferometer. The detector material may be, for example, an enzyme, the substrate for which is the chemical substance to be detected. An example of such an enzyme is cholinesterase, for detecting materials such as insecticides harmful to the human nervous system. Alternatively, substances such as porphyrins
could be used for the detection of hydrogen cyanide.
Another class of detector material usab3e in the
sensor of the invention is antibodies specific to the chemical substance to be detected, in particular
monoclonal antibodies.
In one aspect of the invention, the detector
material is such as to be rendered fluorescent by
reaction with the chemical substance. to be detected.
The light source is arranged to emit light of a.
wavelength which will excite fluorescence in the reacted
detector material, and the detector means is arranged to
detect light due to the fluorescence. Alternatively,
the detector material may he a fluorescent material, the
fluorescence of which is reduced by reaction with the
chemical substance to be detected.
The detecting material may be directly bonded onto
the surface of the waveguide and surrounding support, or
it may be included in a polymer, preferably porolls,
which is coated onto the surface.
Ry suitable choice. of detector material the sensor -could be made sensitive to different substances. It would be possible, using integrated optics techniques, to design an array of sensors, each coated with a different material so that the sensor would have a broad band response. Pattern recognition techniques could be used to decode the array output and determine which substance had been detected.
The sensor could be used for continuous or intermittent monitoring of various substances. The waveguide portions of the sensors could be mounted on a tape which is used to load a fresh portion into the optical system after it has been triggered by a contact with the material to be detected.
Reference js made to the drawings, in which:
Figures 1, 2 and :3 are respectively perspective view, plan view and side elevatidn of a sensor according to one embodiment of the invention, omitting the light source and detector; and
Figure 9 is a plan view of a sensor according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Referring first to Figures ] to 3, the sensor comprises an optical base D formed of a material such as a glass or a polymer, in which is formed an optical waveguide C, for example by etching recesses in the optical base and filling the recesses with a polymer, or by metal ion exchange in a glass to define the guiding region. The waveguide is in th form of a Mach Zehnder
Interferometer, light bering introduced at E and exiting at F. A layer of active detector material, for example an enzyme, is formed over the two branches of the Mach
Zehnder Interferometer and one half B of the layer, overlying one of the branches of the interferometer, is deactivated or removed, leaving a panel of active detector material A over the other branch of the interferometer.
When the substance to be detected, for example the substrate of the enzyme, comes into contact with the active layer A either the refractive index of the layer or its the light scattering properties are changed such that the light in the branch of the interferometer underlying the active material undergoes a phase change, and interference occurs at the junction J where the two branches rejoin so that there is a change. in the light output at F-. This change can be detect and can be used eo give a warning of the presence of the substance to be detected.
Over a certain concentration range, the change in light output may be proportional to the concentration and this may permit, at least approximately, an estimate of the concentration of the substance to be detected.
In the alternative embodiment shown in Figure 4, instead of the recombination of the optical waveguide into a single waveguide at junction J, the two waveguides are run alongside each other such that a degree of coupling occurs. The waveguides then separate. By selection of suitable operating conditions, the outputs from each waveguide can be made to be complimentary, such that when a substance is detected, the output from one waveguide will increase while that from the other will decrease. sing this technique enables greater. sensitivity to be achieved, as in the untriggered state both outputs are equivalent.
Measurement of a change in output between the two waveguides is inherently less sensitive to noise fluctuations than determining the absolute output level from a single waveguide.
In another alternative embodiment, not shown, the optical base- in -which the waveguides are defined is formed of an electro--optic material, for example lithium niohate. Electrodes are placed on either side of the waveguide, below the lay of detector material.
Applying a field across the electrodes permits the waveguide to be tuned to its optimum operating conditions for use as a sensor.
Claims (11)
1. A sensor for detecting chemical substances, comprising an optical waveguide a portion of which has provided thereon a layer of a detector material whose optical characteristics are changed hy contact with a chemical substance to be detected, a light source at one end of the waveguide, and detector means for detecting a change in the light emerging from the other end of the waveguide as a result of a change in the optical characteristics of the detector material.
2. A sensor according to Claim 1, wherein the said portion of the optical waveguide forms one branch of a
Mach Zehnder interferometer.
3. A sensor according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the detector material is an enzyme, the substrate for which is the chemical substance to be detected.
4. A sensor according to Claim 3, wherein the enzyme is cholinesterase.
5. A sensor according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the detector material comprises antibodies specific to- chemical substance to be detected.
6. A sensor according to Claim 1, wherein the detector material is such as to be rendered fluorescent by reaction with the chemical substance to be detected, the light source emits light of a wavelength which will excite fluorescence in the reacted detector material, and the detector means is arranged to detect light due to said fluorescence.
7. A sensor according to Claim 1, wherein the detector material is a fluorescent material, the fluorescence of which is reduced by reaction with the chemical substance to be detected, the light source emits light of a wavelength which will excite fluorescence in the material, and the detector means is arranged to detect a change in the quantity of light due to said fluorescence.
8. A sensor according to Claim 2, wherein the first and second branches of the Mach Zehnder interferometer are coupled together and reseparated, and the detector means comprise a light-sensitive element at the end of each branch to detected the presence or absence of light emerging from each.
9. A sensor according to any preceding claim, wherein the detector material is supported in a porous matrix.
10. A sensor according to any preceding claim, wherein the waveguide is formed in a body of electro-optic material, and means are provided for selectively applying a field across the waveguide, whereby the sensor response may be varied.
11. A sensor for detecting chemical substances, substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8900752A GB2228082A (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Gas or liquid chemical sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8900752A GB2228082A (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Gas or liquid chemical sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8900752D0 GB8900752D0 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
| GB2228082A true GB2228082A (en) | 1990-08-15 |
Family
ID=10649989
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8900752A Withdrawn GB2228082A (en) | 1989-01-13 | 1989-01-13 | Gas or liquid chemical sensor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2228082A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992005429A1 (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-04-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Optical immunoassay |
| EP0481440A2 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-04-22 | Iot Entwicklungsgesellschaft Für Integrierte Optik-Technologie Mbh | Sensor for the detection of a substance |
| EP0487992A2 (en) * | 1990-11-24 | 1992-06-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Optical sensor |
| WO1993020430A1 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-10-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Integrated optical compensating refractometer apparatus |
| FR2694630A1 (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-02-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Sensor in integrated optics, especially for chemical substances. |
| EP0731909A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1996-09-18 | The State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The Oregon Stateboard Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Sensors employing interference of electromagnetic waves passing through waveguides having functionalized surfaces |
| GB2307741A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Polymer-based integrated optical sensors |
| WO1999006819A1 (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-02-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Optical detector device |
| GB2340231A (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-02-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Optical transducers based on liquid crystalline phases |
| WO2002008736A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-01-31 | Farfield Sensors Limited | Sensor device |
| GB2385915A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-09-03 | Optomed As | Fibre optic sensing of measurands within the body |
| US7440110B2 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2008-10-21 | Invivosense Asa | Optical sensing of measurands |
| CN102042971A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-05-04 | 天津天狮生物发展有限公司 | Integrated optical ozone production volume detection device, calibration method and measuring method |
| WO2011157767A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Optisense B.V. | Integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor |
| EP2400289A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-28 | Optisense B.V. | Integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4050895A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-09-27 | Monsanto Research Corporation | Optical analytical device, waveguide and method |
| US4321057A (en) * | 1979-09-20 | 1982-03-23 | Buckles Richard G | Method for quantitative analysis using optical fibers |
| US4513087A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1985-04-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Reversible optical waveguide vapor sensor |
| GB2174802A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-11-12 | Plessey Co Plc | Optic-waveguide biosensor |
| GB2176626A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-31 | Gen Electric Plc | Fibre optic coupler |
| GB2179146A (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-02-25 | Sharp Kk | Optical sensor |
| GB2185308A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1987-07-15 | Stc Plc | Optical waveguide material sensor |
| GB2208711A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1989-04-12 | Plessey Co Plc | Fibre optic sensor |
| GB2210685A (en) * | 1987-10-05 | 1989-06-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Sensor |
-
1989
- 1989-01-13 GB GB8900752A patent/GB2228082A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4050895A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1977-09-27 | Monsanto Research Corporation | Optical analytical device, waveguide and method |
| US4321057A (en) * | 1979-09-20 | 1982-03-23 | Buckles Richard G | Method for quantitative analysis using optical fibers |
| US4513087A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1985-04-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Reversible optical waveguide vapor sensor |
| GB2174802A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-11-12 | Plessey Co Plc | Optic-waveguide biosensor |
| GB2176626A (en) * | 1985-05-29 | 1986-12-31 | Gen Electric Plc | Fibre optic coupler |
| GB2179146A (en) * | 1985-07-31 | 1987-02-25 | Sharp Kk | Optical sensor |
| GB2185308A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1987-07-15 | Stc Plc | Optical waveguide material sensor |
| GB2210685A (en) * | 1987-10-05 | 1989-06-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Sensor |
| GB2208711A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1989-04-12 | Plessey Co Plc | Fibre optic sensor |
Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5377008A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1994-12-27 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Integrated optical compensating refractometer apparatus |
| WO1992005429A1 (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1992-04-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Optical immunoassay |
| EP0481440A3 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-11-19 | Iot Entwicklungsgesellschaft Fuer Integrierte Optik-Technologie Mbh | Sensor for the detection of a substance |
| US5262842A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1993-11-16 | IOT Entwicklungsgesellschaft fur integrierte Optiktechnologie mbH | Optical sensor having a wave guide substrate with interferometer integrated therein |
| EP0481440A2 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-04-22 | Iot Entwicklungsgesellschaft Für Integrierte Optik-Technologie Mbh | Sensor for the detection of a substance |
| EP0487992A3 (en) * | 1990-11-24 | 1992-11-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Optical sensor |
| EP0487992A2 (en) * | 1990-11-24 | 1992-06-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Optical sensor |
| WO1993020430A1 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-10-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Integrated optical compensating refractometer apparatus |
| FR2694630A1 (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-02-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Sensor in integrated optics, especially for chemical substances. |
| EP0584005A1 (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-02-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Integrated optical sensor, especially for chemical substances |
| US5394239A (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1995-02-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Spinal sensor with integrated optics to detect chemical substances |
| EP0731909A4 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1997-09-03 | Oregon State | Sensors employing interference of electromagnetic waves passing through waveguides having functionalized surfaces |
| EP0731909A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1996-09-18 | The State Of Oregon Acting By And Through The Oregon Stateboard Of Higher Education On Behalf Of Oregon State University | Sensors employing interference of electromagnetic waves passing through waveguides having functionalized surfaces |
| GB2307741A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-04 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Polymer-based integrated optical sensors |
| FR2741963A1 (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | OPTICAL SENSOR PRODUCED ACCORDING TO THE TECHNIQUE OF INTEGRATED OPTICS AND POLYMER-BASED FORM |
| GB2307741B (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 2000-03-15 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Polymer-based integrated optical sensors |
| WO1999006819A1 (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-02-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Optical detector device |
| US6239876B1 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 2001-05-29 | Fräunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V. | Optical detector device |
| GB2340231A (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2000-02-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Optical transducers based on liquid crystalline phases |
| WO2002008736A1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-01-31 | Farfield Sensors Limited | Sensor device |
| GB2385915A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-09-03 | Optomed As | Fibre optic sensing of measurands within the body |
| GB2385915B (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-09-28 | Optomed As | Optical sensing of measurands |
| US7440110B2 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2008-10-21 | Invivosense Asa | Optical sensing of measurands |
| WO2011157767A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-22 | Optisense B.V. | Integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor |
| EP2400289A1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-12-28 | Optisense B.V. | Integrated optical waveguide evanescent field sensor |
| CN102042971A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-05-04 | 天津天狮生物发展有限公司 | Integrated optical ozone production volume detection device, calibration method and measuring method |
| CN102042971B (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-07-18 | 天津天狮生物发展有限公司 | Integrated optical ozone production volume detection device, calibration method and measuring method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8900752D0 (en) | 1990-04-25 |
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