GB2204368A - Wheel-slip control - Google Patents

Wheel-slip control Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2204368A
GB2204368A GB08808093A GB8808093A GB2204368A GB 2204368 A GB2204368 A GB 2204368A GB 08808093 A GB08808093 A GB 08808093A GB 8808093 A GB8808093 A GB 8808093A GB 2204368 A GB2204368 A GB 2204368A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
drive
slip
gear
signal
reduce
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08808093A
Other versions
GB2204368B (en
GB8808093D0 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Eschrich
Wolfgang Runge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of GB8808093D0 publication Critical patent/GB8808093D0/en
Publication of GB2204368A publication Critical patent/GB2204368A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2204368B publication Critical patent/GB2204368B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/10Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle 
    • B60K28/16Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle  responsive to, or preventing, skidding of wheels
    • B60K28/165Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the vehicle  responsive to, or preventing, skidding of wheels acting on elements of the vehicle drive train other than the propulsion unit and brakes, e.g. transmission, clutch, differential
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/50Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
    • F16H2059/506Wheel slip
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0234Adapting the ratios to special vehicle conditions
    • F16H2061/0239Selecting ratios for preventing or cancelling wheel slip

Description

g Method and apparatus for preventing drive slip
Prior art
The invention relates to a method for preventing drive slip according to the generic part of the main claim and also an apparatus for performing the method accord- ing to Claim 10. German Offentegungsschrift 3,435,869 discloses a drive-slip regulating.means, for example for motor vehicles, which acts in a braking system as a function of a slip signal and brings about a reduction in the drive moment of a drive member of a vehicle.
However, this regulating means has the disadvantage that, on account-of the braking of the driven wheels, it means high mechanical loading for the drive system and braking system.
Advantages of the invention In contrast, the method according to the invention, having the characterizing features of the main claim, and also the apparatus characterized in Claim 10 for preventing drive slip have the advantage of influencing the force acting on the wheels without loading the braking system and drive system. This is achieved by the gear-shift state of an automatic transmission being influenced stepwise or steplessly as a function of a slip signal. The torque can thereby be adapted very sensitively to the prevailing ground conditions and the drive slip can be prevented or at least reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the slip signal is obtained from wheel sensor signals. This has the advantage that the wheel slip can be detected immediately.
In a further preferred embodiment, the automatic trans mission, when wheels are spinning, is controlled by means of the slip signal in such a way that the next higher gear is engaged and thus the torque acting on the drive wheels is reduced.
Particularly preferred is an embodiment which is charac terized in that a retardation displacement of the igni tion angle to reduce the torque is effected until a higher gear is engaged. It is thereby possible to re duce the torque acting on the drive wheels until the automatic transmission responds to a slip signal.
Advantageous further developments and improvements are characterized in the subclaims.
D r a w i n g The invention is described in greater detail below with the aid of the drawing which shows exemplary em bodiments and in which:
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a first exemplary em- bodiment of the apparatus according to the in vention, and Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a further exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
Description of the exempLary embodiments
I Figure 1 shows a bLock diagram of a first exempLary em bodiment of the apparatus according to the invention with the aid of which the device and the method are expLained.
A number of signaL Lines 2 Lead into an eLectronic cir cuit 4 which is connected via an output Line 6 to a transmission controL means 8 of an eLectronicaLLy con troLLed automatic transmission, of which here, apart from the transmission controL means 8, onLy an eLec tronic unit 10 is shown. The eLectronic unit 10, via reguLating signaL Lines 12, is connected to the trans mission controL means 8, which is connected via a fur ther Line 14 to an engine controL device 16. FinaLLy, an input Line 18 Leads into the transmission controL means 8.
The eLectronic circuit 4 is suppLied via the signaL Lines 2 with information which is obtained, for exampLe, by means of nonclepicted wheeL sensors, drive-shaft sen sors, speed sensors at the drive Line and aLso by means of data on the ground speed. The ground speed can be determined directLy, via a suitabLe sensor or via non driven shaft-speed or wheeL-speed s.ignaLs. The eLec tronic circuit 4 is designed in such a way that it pro duces a sLip signaL from these vaLues, that is, a sig naL which indicates whether and to what extent a drive wheeL is spinning. This sLip signaL serves as an ac tuaL reguLating variabLe for a gear to be seLected which is to be engaged by the automatic transmission.
The sLip signaL is transmitted further via the output Line 6 to the transmission controL means 8 of the auto matic transmission. The transmission controL means 8, via an input Line 18, receives aLL input signaLs usuaL for an eLectronicaLLy controLLed automatic transmission.
Thus, for example, the engine speed, accelerator pedal position, engine moment, vehicle speed and possibly also engine and transmission temperature are fed in via th is Line.
If., for example, the drive wheels of a vehicle spin dur ing starting, their rotational speed does not, for ex ample, correspond to the instanta.neous speed of the vehicle. This is established by the electronic circuit 4, which is supplied via signal lines with information on the rotational speed of a driven, spinning wheel and on the instantaneous speed of the vehicle and produces as an output signal a slip signal corresponding to the instantaneous slip.
The transmission control means 8, apart from evaluating the output signal (the slip signal) of the electronic circuit 4, evaluates all input signals usual for elec tronically controlled automatic transmissions and con trols the electronic unit 10 of the automatic transmis sion via the regulating signals so that the instantan eously suitable gear is engaged on the basis of the regulating signals.
The instantaneously suitable gear is calculated on the basis of the gear-shift characteristics stored in the transmission control means 8 and the input signals en tering via the line 18, the slip signal being included in these calculations through the gear which is s,uitable for a certain slip signal being additionally calculated by the transmission control means 8 or by a suitable com puter unit, so that, if wheels are spinning, a higher gear is engaged in order to reduce the torque acting on the drive wheels. In this arrangement, the transmission control means 8 can be designed in such a way that the higher gear is engaged steplessly and thus the torque acting on the drive wheels is continuously adapted to the slip. A stepwise variation in the instantaneously engaged gear is also conceivable, as a result of which the torque is adapted to the slip in a stepwise manner.
The transmission control means 8 can also transmit con trol signals directly to the engine control device 16 via a line 14 A reduction in moment can thereby be achieved until the next higher gear is engaged. In this case, there are various possibilities. For example, -a retardation displacement of the ignition angle can be brought about by the control signal on the line 14. It is also possible to control the ignition unit of a ve hicle and thus bring about a reduction in engine power.
The control signal can also be fed to an electronic ac celerator-pedal control means and, for a change in the signal corresponding to the accelerator pedal position, can bring about such an effect that this signal cor responds to a return of the accelerator pedal.
Finally, the transmission control,means 8, via a control signal, can also act on a braking system (not shown) so that the spinning wheels are braked by the associated brake at Least until the higher gear is engaged.
When the automatic transmission, on the basis of a slip signal of the electronic circuit 4, has engaged a higher gear, the transmission ratio, dependent upon the slip of the drive wheels, is retrieved again stepwise or step LessLy preferably after a predetermined or predeter minable time, that is, the torque acting on the drive wheels is increased again.
Figure 2 shows a bLock diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the same parts being provided with the same reference numerals.
In this exemplary embodiment, the electronic circuit 4 shown in Figure 1 is omitted. Here, signal lines 20 run 6- directLy into the transmission controL means 8 and sup pLy information, for exampLe, on rotationaL speeds of the wheeLs or the drive shafts, on the vehicLe speed and the speed over ground. The sensors for receiving the corresponding signaLs are not shown. Otherwise, the second exempLary embodiment is identicaL to the first exempLary embodiment shown in Figure 1.
The transmission controL means 8 of the second exempLary embodiment is designed in such a way that it itseLf pro cesses the data from the wheeL sensors, drive-shaft sen sors and speed sensors and speed over ground which are suppLied via the signaL Line 20, and produces a sLip sig naL therefrom. This signaL is taken into account during the controL of the eLectronic unit 10 via the reguLating signaL Lines 12. The function is otherwise identicaL to that of the exempLary embodiment, described above, in F i gure 1.
The apparatus for preventing drive sLip shown in cletaiL with the aid of Figures 1 and 2 can of course aLso be an integraL part of an engine and transmission controL means. In a vehicLe having automatic transmission, spin ning of the wheeLs can aLso be prevented by means of the apparatus according to the invention without conventionaL drive-sLip reguLating means.

Claims (15)

C 1 a i m s
1. Method for preventing drive slip, in which the gear- shift state of an automatic transmission of a vehicle is influenced as a function of a slip signal, characterized in that a stepwise or stepless change in the gear-shift state of the automatic transmission is brought about as a function of the slip signal.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the slip signal is produced by means of wheel sensor signals or drive-shaft sensor signals, speed sensor sig- nal-s at the drive line and the ground speed.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in 1 that, if the drive wheels spin, a higher gear is engag- ed to reduce the torque acting on the drive wheels.
4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the gear suitable for the slip signal is calculated in a computer unit in addition to the gear-shift character- istics known for automatic transmission, and a control signal is transmitted to the automqtic transmission.
5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, character- ized in that action is taken in the engine control means to reduce the torque acting on the drive wheels.
6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized by a re tardation displacement of the ignition angle to reduce the torque until a higher gear is engaged.
7. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that, until a higher gear is engaged, a control signal is transmitted to the injection unit to reduce the engine p o w e r
8. Method according to CLaim 5, characterized in that, untiL a higher gear is engaged, a controL signaL is trans mitted to an eLectronic acceLerator-pedaL controL means to reduce the engine power.
9. Method according to one of CLaims 1 to 8, character ized in that, to reduce the torque acting on the drive wheeLs, the braking system associated with the spinning wheeL is activated and thus spinning of the wheeL is pre vented.
10. Method according to one of CLaims 1 to 9, character ized in that, after reduction of the drive moment as a function of the sLip signaL, a Lower gear is stepwise or stepLessLy engaged in order to increase the drive mo ment again.
11. Apparatus for performing the method according to one of CLaims 1 to 10, characterized in that an automatic transmission controLLabLe by a sLip signaL is provided.
12. Apparatus according to CLaim 11, characterized by a device for infLuencing the engine controL means.
13. Apparatus according to CLaim 1.1, characterized by a.
device for infLuencing the braking system aLLocated to the spinning wheeL.
14. A method for preventing drive slip substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
15. An apparatus for preventing drive slip substantially as herein described with reference to Figure I or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Published 1988 at The Patent Office, state House, 66171 High Holborn, London WCIR 4TP. Further copies may be obtained from The Patent Office, Sales Branch, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD. Printed by Multiplex techniques itd, st Mary Cray, Kent. con. 1/87.
GB8808093A 1987-04-08 1988-04-07 A transmission control with means for wheel-slip prevention Expired - Lifetime GB2204368B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873711913 DE3711913C2 (en) 1987-04-08 1987-04-08 Drive slip prevention method and apparatus

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8808093D0 GB8808093D0 (en) 1988-05-11
GB2204368A true GB2204368A (en) 1988-11-09
GB2204368B GB2204368B (en) 1991-09-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8808093A Expired - Lifetime GB2204368B (en) 1987-04-08 1988-04-07 A transmission control with means for wheel-slip prevention

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63270950A (en)
DE (1) DE3711913C2 (en)
GB (1) GB2204368B (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2251269A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd I.c. engine ignition timing control system
GB2312935A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-11-12 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Gear shift control of automatic transmission for variable upshift in response to wheel slip
EP0875414A3 (en) * 1997-04-28 2000-01-19 Nissan Motor Company Limited Vehicle drive force control device
EP1929175A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2008-06-11 Volvo Construction Equipment Holding Sweden AB A method for controlling rotation speed
US7650956B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2010-01-26 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle drive control apparatus and method

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JPH0721311B2 (en) * 1988-11-30 1995-03-08 スズキ株式会社 Belt ratio controller for continuously variable transmission
JPH0370638A (en) * 1989-08-08 1991-03-26 Nippondenso Co Ltd Slip control device for vehicle
JPH0379435A (en) * 1989-08-23 1991-04-04 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Traction control device
JP2687610B2 (en) * 1989-08-23 1997-12-08 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Speed ratio control device for continuously variable transmission for vehicles
DE3938444C2 (en) * 1989-11-18 1998-10-01 Daimler Benz Ag Drive slip control method
DE4042581B4 (en) * 1989-12-11 2005-04-21 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama Control for system for torque applied to driven wheels - adjusts engine output torque in direction of target value derived from measure of accelerator pedal operation
US5163530A (en) * 1989-12-11 1992-11-17 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Control system for controlling driving torque delivered for driven wheels
JP2835761B2 (en) * 1990-02-22 1998-12-14 マツダ株式会社 Vehicle slip control device
JPH0454362A (en) * 1990-06-21 1992-02-21 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Speed change controller for continuously variable transmission
DE4028809B4 (en) * 1990-09-11 2005-03-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert System for controlling a motor vehicle
JP3030647B2 (en) * 1990-09-12 2000-04-10 本田技研工業株式会社 Drive wheel torque control device
DE4130265C2 (en) * 1991-09-12 2003-08-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Gear change control in motor vehicles
FR2688453A1 (en) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-17 Guimbretiere Pierre Device for aiding with starting up motor vehicles, particularly on slippery ground
JP2964770B2 (en) * 1992-03-23 1999-10-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Control device for automatic transmission
JP2950022B2 (en) * 1992-06-15 1999-09-20 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Control device for automatic transmission
DE4232973C2 (en) * 1992-10-01 2002-03-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method and device for adjusting the torque of a gasoline engine during a switching operation
US5586953A (en) * 1994-01-31 1996-12-24 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. System for controlling a continuously variable transmission in response to a sensed wheel deceleration
JP3470504B2 (en) * 1996-05-10 2003-11-25 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Transmission control device for automatic transmission
DE10212320B4 (en) * 2001-03-22 2017-01-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for controlling and / or regulating an automated transmission of a vehicle
DE102008045629A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-26 Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg A method of preventing the spinning of drive wheels

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GB1309044A (en) * 1970-06-05 1973-03-07 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Method of preventing wheel-slip
US3741043A (en) * 1971-04-10 1973-06-26 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Wheel spin control system for automatic transmissions
GB1400359A (en) * 1972-12-04 1975-07-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co Vehicle drive systems
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GB2197397A (en) * 1986-11-14 1988-05-18 Ford Motor Co Avoiding wheel spin in motor vehicles by reducing transmission ratio of continuously variable transmission

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2251269B (en) * 1990-12-28 1994-06-22 Honda Motor Co Ltd Ignition timing control system for internal combustion engines
GB2251269A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd I.c. engine ignition timing control system
GB2312935A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-11-12 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Gear shift control of automatic transmission for variable upshift in response to wheel slip
GB2312935B (en) * 1996-05-10 1998-09-23 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Gear shift control device of automatic transmission for variable stage upshift against wheel slip
US6015020A (en) * 1996-05-10 2000-01-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Gear shift control device of automatic transmission for variable stage upshift against wheel slip
EP0875414A3 (en) * 1997-04-28 2000-01-19 Nissan Motor Company Limited Vehicle drive force control device
US6199005B1 (en) 1997-04-28 2001-03-06 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle drive force control device
EP1346871A3 (en) * 1997-04-28 2006-04-26 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle drive force control device
US7650956B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2010-01-26 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vehicle drive control apparatus and method
EP1929175A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2008-06-11 Volvo Construction Equipment Holding Sweden AB A method for controlling rotation speed
EP1929176A1 (en) * 2005-09-20 2008-06-11 Volvo Construction Equipment AB Method for controlling rotation speed
EP1929175A4 (en) * 2005-09-20 2010-04-28 Volvo Constr Equip Holding Se A method for controlling rotation speed
EP1929176A4 (en) * 2005-09-20 2010-04-28 Volvo Constr Equip Ab Method for controlling rotation speed
US7966117B2 (en) 2005-09-20 2011-06-21 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab Method for controlling rotation speed
US8082088B2 (en) 2005-09-20 2011-12-20 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab Method for controlling rotation speed
US8494740B2 (en) 2005-09-20 2013-07-23 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab Method for controlling rotation speed

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3711913A1 (en) 1988-10-20
GB2204368B (en) 1991-09-11
GB8808093D0 (en) 1988-05-11
JPS63270950A (en) 1988-11-08
DE3711913C2 (en) 2000-05-31

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PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Expiry date: 20080406