GB2197109A - Laminated product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material - Google Patents
Laminated product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2197109A GB2197109A GB08721762A GB8721762A GB2197109A GB 2197109 A GB2197109 A GB 2197109A GB 08721762 A GB08721762 A GB 08721762A GB 8721762 A GB8721762 A GB 8721762A GB 2197109 A GB2197109 A GB 2197109A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- liquid crystal
- printed
- laminated product
- crystal material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
- G01K11/16—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of organic materials
- G01K11/165—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of organic materials of organic liquid crystals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
A laminated temperature display product, such as a thermometer or security card comprises at least two sheets (2, 3) adhesively bonded together, the two outermost sheets (2, 3) defining two flat opposite sides of the product. Thermochromic liquid crystal material (6) is printed on an inner surface of at least one of the sheets (2, 3), any change in colour of the liquid crystal material being visible through at least one of the two outermost sheets. The thermochromic L.C. material (6) may be neat L.C., L.C. in slurry form or polymer microencapsulated L.C. Preferably the "ink" has microcapsules no greater than 20 mu m. The thermometer shown is multi-purpose, having differing temperature ranges 6a to 6g. When the product is a security card, the temperature sensing areas may form a code, the card being insertable in a machine which heats various areas. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Laminated product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material
This invention relates to a laminated product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material sandwiched between substantially water impermeable sheet material such as plastic or plasticised materials which acts as a barrier to prevent ingress of water or water-based liquids and/or solvents. In particular, but not exclusively, the invention finds application in the manufacture of a credit card-sized product having at least one temperature displaying area visible from one side.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such laminated products.
Conventionally a credit card or bank card comprises a number of layers, e.g. five of thermoplastic sheet material which have been held pressed together in a hot press so that the various layers are fused together. However the use of heat is not suitable in the lamination of a product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material since the high temperatures, e.g. 12a"C, and long process time, typically 2-5 minutes, lead to an increase in production cost and damage to the liquid crystal material.
It has previously been known to produce a laminated, credit card-sized product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material by mounting on a card a preformed square of liquid crystal material printed on a carrier sheet and laminating protective sheet material over the card.
However the thickness of the preformed square is typically at least 100 Am and, unless the square is mounted in a preformed square recess on the card, an unacceptable bulge is formed in the finished product. The step of individually mounting the preformed square of liquid crystal material on the card significantly adds to the cost of production of the finished product, even more so if the card has to be provided with a recess for receiving the preformed square. Also as it is impossible to match the preformed square to the recess exactly, the aesthetics of the product are significantly reduced.
According to one aspect of the present invention a laminated product having two substantially flat opposite sides and comprising at least two sheets adhesively bonded together, the two outermost sheets defining said opposite sides being at least substantially water impermeable, and thermochromic liquid crystal material printed on an inner surface of at least one of said sheets, any changes in colour of said printed thermochromic liquid crystal material being visible through at least one of said two outermost sheets.
Since the two outermost sheets of the laminated product are at least substantially water impermeable they protect the internally sandwiched thermochromic liquid crystal material from the ingress of water. The product can thus be immersed in water, at least for short periods of time, without any resultant damage to the liquid crystal material.
Preferably other printed material is printed on at least one inner surface of said sheets, the said other printed material being visible through at least one of said two outermost sheets.
Conveniently the laminated product consists of two sheets laminated together, the two sheets constituting said outermost sheets. Suitably the adhesive bonding the two sheets together is opaque or translucent and the two sheets are both light transmitting, e.g. transparent. The thermochromic liquid crystal material may be printed in at least one area on the inner surface of one or both of the two sheets. Similarly other printed matter may be printed on the inner surface of one or both of the two sheets. In a particularly preferred embodiment, one of the sheets has printed on its inner surface at least one temperature indicating area for example seven areas, of isolated printed thermochromic liquid crystal material exhibiting change of colour over at least one temperature range and a printed temperature scale associated with the or each temperature indicating area.The or each printed temperature scale preferably comprises different colours (e.g. red, green, blue, black) with figures representing the temperature against each colour.
Suitably the thermochromic liquid crystal material can be neat liquid crystal, liquid crystal in slurry form or polymer microencapsulated liquid crystal. A preferred "ink" has microcapsules encapsulating the thermochromic liquid crystal material which microcapsules have a diameter no greater than about 20;im and typically from 10 jtm to 15 ,um. Such a "printing ink" can be obtained from the applicants. The particular advantage of having small diameter microcapsules is that the printing ink can be applied in a thin layer, preferably less than 50 ,um thick when Wet and typically 20 ,um when dry, and does not therefore produce any large "bulges" in the finished laminated product.
Preferably the thermochromic liquid crystal material is not applied directly to at least one of said inner sheet surfaces, but is printed onto a tie coat, well known in the art, previously applied to the inner sheet surface(s). A backing layer, e.g. of black ink, is conveniently applied, e.g.
printed, over the back of the printed liquid crystal material.
The adhesive bonding the sheets can be any high-tack adhesive which may be either applied as a dry laminate or silk screen printed. The use of a cold setting adhesive which is water-based ensures that the liquid crystal material is not damaged by the adhesive.
The adhesively bonded sheets may comprise any suitable sheet material although gloss or matt finished plastic films, e.g. transparent, are preferred. The plastic films, e.g. flexible PVC,
Alcar or polyester, are suitably surface modified to eliminate static and enable ink systems to key directly to the modified surface.
According to another aspect of the present invention a method of manufacturing a laminated product having two substantially flat opposite sides comprises adhesively bonding at least two sheets together, the two outermost sheets defining said opposite sides and comprising at least substantially water impermeable sheet material, wherein prior to bonding said at least two sheets together, thermochromic liquid crystal material is printed onto a surface of at least one of said sheets which is not destined to form one of said opposite sides, at least one of the at least two sheets being light transmitting to enable viewing of the liquid crystal material through at least one of the two outermost sheets in the finished laminated product.
The provision of at least substantially water impermeable sheet material as the outermost layers of the laminated product ensures that the sandiwched liquid crystal material is prevented from being damaged by the ingress of water if the laminated product is immersed in water for short periods of time.
The thermochromic liquid crystal material is preferably applied as a thin layer of printing ink, e.g. less than 50 FLm when dry and typically 20 ijm when dry. Other more conventional printing inks (i.e. inks which do not change in colour with temperature) may also be applied prior to the adhesive bonding step so as not to be printed on either of the two opposite sides of the finished laminated product.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figures 1 and 2 are views from opposite sides of a laminated product according to the invention In the shape of a credit card, and
Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view, not drawn to scale, of the laminated product shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 1 to 3 show a credit card-sized printed, laminated product generally designated by the reference numeral 1. By way of example the laminated product 1 has a thickness of approximately 760 ,um, a length of 87 mm and a width of 54.5 mm. The corners of the card-shaped product may be rounded instead of being square as shown.
The product 1 comprises a pair of transparent outer layers 2 and 3 of gloss or matt surfaced
PVC which has been surface modified to eliminate static and to enable specially developed ink systems to key directly onto the modified surface during printing using a web offset lithographic process. Such surface modified PVC film is known in the printing art. The layers 2 and 3 may have the same or a different thickness, by way of example layer 2 having a thickness of 480 um and layer 3 having a thickness of 240 'ism.
Printed matter 4 and 5 is printed onto the inner surfaces of the two layers 2 and 3, respectively, by a conventional printing process, e.g. by a web offset lithographic process. In addition to the printed matter 4, seven substantially rectangular temperature indicating areas 6a 69 are printed onto the inner surface of the layer 2. Each area 6a-Gg is formed by printing a thermochromic liquid crystal material printing ink onto the layer 2. However the liquid crystal material printing inks are not usually applied directly to the layer but are printed onto a previously printed on "tie coat" 7 to improve adhesion of the printing inks to the layer 2.
The printing inks forming the areas 6a--6g suitably comprise microencapsulated droplets of thermochromic liquid crystal material, the microcapsules preferably having a diameter less than 20 ,um and typically having a diameter from 10-15 ,um. The liquid crystal material is chosen so that in the finished product the areas 6a 69 change colour over different temperature ranges. In particular the liquid crystal material of any one of the areas Ga-Gg is substantially transparent at temperatures below a first temperature and at a temperature above a higher, second temperature.However, in the temperature range between the first and second temperatures the light transmitting properties of the liquid crystal material changes with temperature, each liquid cyrstal material exhibiting a "colour play" from ''start of red" to "start of blue" in the colour spectrum for increasing temperatures in the temperature range. By way of example, the liquid crystal material of the areas Ga-Gg display colour play from "start of red" to "start of blue" over the temperature ranges 38"C-42"C, 35"C -39"C, 33"C-35"C, 30"C-33"C, 19"C-22"C, 10"C-13"C and - 4"C-3"C, respectively.
A backing layer 8, e.g. of black ink, is also printed over each of the temperature indicating areas 6a-Gg.
The layers 2 and 3, with the conventional printed material and the printed thermochromic liquid crystal material thereon, are adhesively bonded together with a high-tack adhesive, the adhesive forming a layer 9 which is opaque or translucent. Since the adhesive layer 9 is opaque or translucent, the printed matter 4 and areas Ga-Gg are only visible through the transparent layer 2 when viewed from side A (see Figure 3) and the printed matter 5 is only visible through the transparent layer 3 when viewed from side B (see Figure 3). The layers 2 and 3 may typically be adhered by any high-tack adhesive which may be applied as a dry laminate or silk screen printed.
By way of example, the printed matter 4 and 5 has a thickness when dry of approximately 7 ,um (18,um when wet), the tie coat 7 has a thickness when dry of 5 ,um (18 ,um when wet), the thermochromic liquid crystal material ink has a thickness when dry of 20 ,um (50 ,um when wet) and the adhesive layer 9 has a thickness when dry of approximately 8 ,um (22 ,um when wet).
The laminated product is substantially flat and is robust since it can be flexed fairly easily without damaging the product and in particular without damaging the thermochromic liquid crystal material. This is due primarily to the comparative thinness of the printed areas of thermochromic liquid crystal material. Since the outer layers 2 and 3 are formed of at least substantially water impermeable material, the product 1 can be immersed in water or waterbased liquids at least for short periods of time, without ingress of water which would damage the thermochromic liquid crystal material.
The laminated product 1 described is intended for indicating or measuring the temperature of a number of "events". Thus the various temperature sensing areas 6a-6g are intended for the following temperature measuring events:
Area Event
6a Measurement of bath temperature
6b Baby bottle temperature measurement
6c Body temperature indicator
6d Measurement of swimming pool
temperature
6e Room temperature indicator
6f Wine temperature indicator Snow/earth temperature indicator
or ice alert device.
For the measurement of bath temperature and the measurement of swimming pool temperature, the product 1 is intended to be immersed in water. For snow temperature indication, the product is inserted into snow. For bottle (baby bottle or wine bottle) temperature indication, the product is held against the outside of the bottle.
As can be seen in Figure 1, the printed matter 4 includes temperature scales 4a-4g associated with each area 6a-6g, respectively. Each scale 4a-4g comprises black, red, green, blue and black rectangles arranged in a strip and, beneath each strip, against the particular coloured rectangle, the numerical temperature for that rectangle colour, in C and "F. When an area 6a 69 displays a certain colour, it can be matched with the appropriate coloured rectangle in the scales 4a 4g to give the temperature of that rectangle.
By special choice of materials for the outer layers 2 and 3, the product 1 can be immersed in hazardous liquids for temperature measurement thereof.
The laminated product 1 according to the invention may be adapted in many ways and/or used for different applications. For instance product can be used as a clinical thermometer, either as a spatula thermometer for insertion into the mouth or for insertion into the rectum (although of course the shape of such thermometers would be different to the product 1 previously described herein). The laminated product may be made buoyant so as to float, e.g. when used as a bath thermometer.
In another application the laminated product may comprise a security card in which a number of temperature sensing areas, each comprising thermochromic liquid crystal material, constitute a given code. In use, the card would be inserted into a machine for heating the various areas to the required different temperatures. On removal of the card from the machine, the areas should display given colours, failure to do so indicating a forged card.
Although microencapsualted thermochromic liquid crystal materal is preferred for printing purposes, other forms of thermochromic liquid crystal printing ink may be employed.
According to a further aspect of the invention a laminated display card comprises at least two temperature sensing areas formed from thermochromic liquid crystal material located between outer at least substantially water impermeable layers of the card, the temperature sensing areas displaying colour play from start of red to start of blue over different temperature ranges and printed matter for facilitating interpretation of the temperature indicated by any of said temperature-sensing areas.
Conveniently the printed matter includes differently coloured regions adjacent each temperature sensing area and numerical temperature indications adjacent these differently coloured regions.
Preferably the printed matter is also located between the outermost layers of the card e.g.
printed onto an inner surface of one of the outermost layers.
Although the invention has been described with particular reference to a laminated product comprising two layers laminated or adhesively bonded together, it will be appreciated that more than two laminated layers could be provided.
By way of explanation, a laminated product according to the invention is intended in use to be inserted into water and for this reason the outermost sheets (2, 3) will preferably be completely water impermeable. However, since the laminated product is only intended to be immersed in water for short periods of time, e.g. up to several minutes at a time, the outermost sheets can have a degree of water permeability since the short periods of time that the product is inserted in water will not, in such cases, be sufficient to damage the product. Thus, for example, the outermost sheets may be made of PVC or polyester having the following properties: Transmission
Sheet 2 Conditions Thickness (pl g/m /24h) Tropical (38"C, 90ego rh) 12 40
Tropical (38"C, 9090 rh) 23 16
Temperate (25"C, 75% rh) 12 18
Temperate (25"C, 75% rh) 23 9
However outermost sheets having these properties will be at least substantially water impermeable.
Claims (23)
1. A laminated product having two substantially flat opposite sides and comprising at least two sheets adhesively bonded together, the two outermost sheets defining said opposite sides being at least substantially water impermeable, and thermochromic liquid crystal material printed on an inner surface of at least one of said sheets, any changes in colour of said printed thermochromic liquid crystal material being visible through at least one of said two outermost sheets.
2. A laminated product according to claim 1, in which other printed material is printed on at least one inner surface of said sheets, the said other printed material being visible through at least one of said two outermost sheets.
3. A laminated product according to claim 1 or 2, in which the laminated product consists of two sheets laminated together, the two sheets constituting said outermost sheets.
4. A laminated product according to claim 3, in which the adhesive bonding the two sheets together is opaque or translucent and the two sheets are both light transmitting, e.g. transparent.
5. A laminated product according to claim 3 or 4, in which the thermochromic liquid crystal material is printed in at least one area on the inner surface of one or both of the two sheets.
6. A laminated product according to any of claims 3 to 5, in which other printed matter is printed on the inner surface of one or both of the two sheets.
7. A laminated product according to any of claims 3 to 6, in which one of the sheets has printed on its inner surface at least one temperature indicating area of isolated printed thermochromic liquid crystal material exhibiting change of colour over at least one temperature range and a printed temperature scale associated with the or each temperature indicating area.
8. A laminated product according to claim 7, in which the or each printed temperature scale comprises different colours with figures representing the temperature against each colour.
9. A laminated product according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the thermochromic liquid crystal material comprises neat liquid crystal, liquid crystal in slurry form or polymer microencapsulated liquid crystal.
10. A laminated product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the thermochromic liquid crystal material is microencapsulated, the microcapsules having a diameter no greater than 20 ijm.
11. A laminated product according to claim 10, in which the microcapsules have a diameter of from 10 Am to 15/,us.
12. A laminated product according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the thermochromic liquid crystal material is printed onto a tie coat previously applied to the inner sheet surface(s) .
13. A laminated product according to any one of the preceding claims, in which a backing layer, e.g. of black ink, is applied, e.g. printed, over the back of the printed liquid crystal material.
14. A laminated product according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the adhesive bonding the sheets is any high-tack adhesive which is either applied as a dry laminate or silk screen printed.
15. A laminated product according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the adhesively bonded sheets comprise gloss or matt finished plastics films.
16. A laminated product according to claim 15, in which said plastics films comprise flexible films of PVC, Alcar or polyester.
17. A laminated product according to claim 15 or 16, in which the plastics films are surface modified to eliminate static and enable ink systems to key directly to the modified surface.
18. A method of manufacturing a laminated product having two substantially flat opposite sides comprises adhesively bonding at least two sheets together, the two outermost sheets defining said opposite sides and comprising at least substantially water impermeable sheet material, wherein prior to bonding said at least two sheets together, thermochromic liquid crystal material is printed onto a surface of at least one of said sheets which is not destined to form one of said opposite sides, at least one of the at least two sheets being light transmitting to enable viewing of the liquid crystal material through at least one of the two outermost sheets in the finished laminated product.
19. A method according to claim 18, in which the thermochromic liquid crystal material is applied as a thin layer of printing ink less than 50 ,um, preferably less than 20 ,um, when dry.
20. A laminated display card comprising at least two temperature sensing areas formed from thermochromic liquid crystal material located between outer at least substantially water impermeable layers of the card, the temperature sensing areas displaying colour play from start of red to start of blue over different temperature ranges and printed matter for facilitating interpretation of the temperature indicated by any of said temperature-sensing areas.
21. A laminated display card according to claim 20, in which the printed matter includes differently coloured regions adjacent each temperature sensing area and numerical temperature indications adjacent these differently coloured regions.
22. A laminated display card according to claim 20 or 21, in which the printed matter is also located between the outermost layers of the card, printed onto an inner surface of one of the outermost layers.
23. A laminated product substantially as herein described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868622337A GB8622337D0 (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1986-09-17 | Laminated product |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8721762D0 GB8721762D0 (en) | 1987-10-21 |
| GB2197109A true GB2197109A (en) | 1988-05-11 |
| GB2197109B GB2197109B (en) | 1990-09-12 |
Family
ID=10604296
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868622337A Pending GB8622337D0 (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1986-09-17 | Laminated product |
| GB8721762A Expired - Fee Related GB2197109B (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1987-09-16 | Gb8721762.6roduct incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868622337A Pending GB8622337D0 (en) | 1986-09-17 | 1986-09-17 | Laminated product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8622337D0 (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2247951A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-03-18 | W S Cowell Ltd | Indicating devices for plants |
| EP0495599A2 (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-22 | Tesco Stores Limited | Microwave oven test device and method of use |
| GB2252026A (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-22 | Tesco Stores Ltd | Microwave oven power output test device |
| EP0603969A1 (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-06-29 | Laboratoires D'electronique Philips S.A.S. | Thermal effect apparatus provided with a temperature indicator |
| GB2277482A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-02 | Ignacio Bautista Gimenez | Data card with implements for manual tasks and other accessories. |
| WO1999050786A1 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 1999-10-07 | Hubert Calvados | Medium bearing encoding means for its authentication and rereading device for same |
| ES2146164A1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2000-07-16 | Promocrystal S L | Advertising support with double temperature indication scale |
| ES2147513A1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-09-01 | Casal Eulogio Carlos Nunez | New temperature indicating system, procedure for its manufacture, and applications |
| NL1013024C2 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-13 | Gustaaf Conrad Maria Welling | Temperature indicator with LCD display for liquids, especially bath water, has thermochromic indicator surface which can turn transparent |
| ES2246140A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2006-02-01 | Tecno Wine, S.L. | Tamperproof intelligent label for wine bottles, has thermoplastic layers provided with radio tag, display section for showing code or identification number of wine bottle, and thermometer layer for showing wine temperature |
| SG143022A1 (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2008-06-27 | Silverbrook Res Pty Ltd | Computer system control via interface surface and sensor with identifier |
| US7530501B2 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2009-05-12 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Printed interface with orientation target structure |
| FR2937279A1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-23 | Arjowiggins | SAFETY DOCUMENT HAVING THERMOCHROMIC ELEMENTS AND INFORMATION REGARDING TEMPERATURE |
| WO2014184482A1 (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | Fasver | Thermochromic ink composition |
| DE102009034236B4 (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2023-11-16 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Method for calibrating color measuring devices |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1242206A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1971-08-11 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method for detecting circuit discontinuities |
| GB1249432A (en) * | 1969-04-14 | 1971-10-13 | Ncr Co | Visual display device |
| GB1306293A (en) * | 1969-04-30 | 1973-02-07 | ||
| GB1439161A (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1976-06-09 | Parker Research Robert | Digital thermometer and method of manufacture |
| GB1440292A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1976-06-23 | Ashley Butler Inc | Thermometric element |
| EP0018424A1 (en) * | 1979-05-02 | 1980-11-12 | Carice International Products, Limited | A method of measuring human body temperature and a liquid crystal temperature indicator suitable for measuring human body temperature |
| GB1597388A (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1981-09-09 | Cellograf Simp Spa | Multilayered structure incorporating a thermometer |
| US4524778A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-06-25 | American Thermometer Co., Inc. | Skin temperature indicating and recording device |
| GB2165646A (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1986-04-16 | Revlon | Temperature indicators |
-
1986
- 1986-09-17 GB GB868622337A patent/GB8622337D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-09-16 GB GB8721762A patent/GB2197109B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1242206A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1971-08-11 | Ppg Industries Inc | Method for detecting circuit discontinuities |
| GB1249432A (en) * | 1969-04-14 | 1971-10-13 | Ncr Co | Visual display device |
| GB1306293A (en) * | 1969-04-30 | 1973-02-07 | ||
| GB1439161A (en) * | 1972-06-15 | 1976-06-09 | Parker Research Robert | Digital thermometer and method of manufacture |
| GB1440292A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1976-06-23 | Ashley Butler Inc | Thermometric element |
| GB1597388A (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1981-09-09 | Cellograf Simp Spa | Multilayered structure incorporating a thermometer |
| EP0018424A1 (en) * | 1979-05-02 | 1980-11-12 | Carice International Products, Limited | A method of measuring human body temperature and a liquid crystal temperature indicator suitable for measuring human body temperature |
| US4524778A (en) * | 1983-07-01 | 1985-06-25 | American Thermometer Co., Inc. | Skin temperature indicating and recording device |
| GB2165646A (en) * | 1984-10-15 | 1986-04-16 | Revlon | Temperature indicators |
Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2247951A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-03-18 | W S Cowell Ltd | Indicating devices for plants |
| EP0476948A2 (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-03-25 | Serif PLC | Indicating devices |
| EP0476948A3 (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-09-02 | W S Cowell Limited | Indicating devices |
| GB2247951B (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1994-11-09 | Cowell Ltd W S | Indicating devices in combination with plants |
| EP0495599A2 (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-22 | Tesco Stores Limited | Microwave oven test device and method of use |
| GB2252026A (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-22 | Tesco Stores Ltd | Microwave oven power output test device |
| EP0495599A3 (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1992-11-25 | Tesco Stores Limited | Microwave oven test device and method of use |
| GB2252026B (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1994-10-05 | Tesco Stores Ltd | Microwave oven test device and method of use |
| EP0603969A1 (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1994-06-29 | Laboratoires D'electronique Philips S.A.S. | Thermal effect apparatus provided with a temperature indicator |
| GB2277482A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1994-11-02 | Ignacio Bautista Gimenez | Data card with implements for manual tasks and other accessories. |
| WO1999050786A1 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 1999-10-07 | Hubert Calvados | Medium bearing encoding means for its authentication and rereading device for same |
| ES2146164A1 (en) * | 1998-04-28 | 2000-07-16 | Promocrystal S L | Advertising support with double temperature indication scale |
| ES2147513A1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-09-01 | Casal Eulogio Carlos Nunez | New temperature indicating system, procedure for its manufacture, and applications |
| SG143022A1 (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2008-06-27 | Silverbrook Res Pty Ltd | Computer system control via interface surface and sensor with identifier |
| SG145531A1 (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2008-09-29 | Silverbrook Res Pty Ltd | Computer system control via interface surface with coded marks |
| US7530501B2 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2009-05-12 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Printed interface with orientation target structure |
| US7726580B2 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 2010-06-01 | Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd | Printed interface with graphical information and coded data |
| NL1013024C2 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-13 | Gustaaf Conrad Maria Welling | Temperature indicator with LCD display for liquids, especially bath water, has thermochromic indicator surface which can turn transparent |
| ES2246140A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2006-02-01 | Tecno Wine, S.L. | Tamperproof intelligent label for wine bottles, has thermoplastic layers provided with radio tag, display section for showing code or identification number of wine bottle, and thermometer layer for showing wine temperature |
| WO2010046877A1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Arjowiggins Security | Method for authenticating a security document comprising a thermochromatic element and data containing temperature information, and associated security document |
| FR2937279A1 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-23 | Arjowiggins | SAFETY DOCUMENT HAVING THERMOCHROMIC ELEMENTS AND INFORMATION REGARDING TEMPERATURE |
| DE102009034236B4 (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2023-11-16 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Method for calibrating color measuring devices |
| WO2014184482A1 (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2014-11-20 | Fasver | Thermochromic ink composition |
| CN105324445A (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2016-02-10 | 法斯维尔公司 | Thermochromic ink composition |
| US9744789B2 (en) | 2013-05-13 | 2017-08-29 | Fasver | Thermochromic ink composition |
| CN105324445B (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2018-06-01 | 法斯维尔公司 | Thermochromatic inks composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2197109B (en) | 1990-09-12 |
| GB8622337D0 (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| GB8721762D0 (en) | 1987-10-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2197109A (en) | Laminated product incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal material | |
| EP0772802B1 (en) | Time indicator having discrete adhesive | |
| US4212153A (en) | Time color indicator | |
| AU679114B2 (en) | Security card and method for making same | |
| KR950005578A (en) | Printing method of both sides of thin sheet and its products | |
| EP3043195B1 (en) | Retroreflective article comprising retroreflective prism elements and an etched reflective metal coating | |
| US5318816A (en) | Laminated hologram decals for identification cards and the like | |
| GB2199981A (en) | A temperature responsive display device | |
| US2932913A (en) | Identification card | |
| US20090020615A1 (en) | Method of making smart cards with an excapsulant | |
| EP0418049A2 (en) | Cake of soap | |
| JP2003185833A (en) | Protective film for polarizer and polarizing plate using the same | |
| JP5428492B2 (en) | Packaging material with printing information | |
| US20060182165A1 (en) | Device for can or bottle to determine temperature and amount of content of beverage | |
| US20130128921A1 (en) | Critical Temperature Indicator | |
| GB2201376A (en) | Security documents | |
| JP2552722Y2 (en) | Sheet temperature display | |
| JP2003225971A (en) | Laminated resin glass structure having superluster drawing part therein | |
| CN209216430U (en) | A kind of multilayer labels | |
| EP0412687A1 (en) | Liquid crystal temperature responsive display device | |
| JPH10268136A (en) | Protection film and optical part | |
| US4220680A (en) | Multilayered structure incorporating a thermometer | |
| GB2311371A (en) | A beer mat | |
| GB2516289A (en) | Monitoring temperature of a sleeping infant | |
| USRE25005E (en) | Identification card |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970916 |