GB2188799A - Control system for electric power distribution - Google Patents
Control system for electric power distribution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2188799A GB2188799A GB08608242A GB8608242A GB2188799A GB 2188799 A GB2188799 A GB 2188799A GB 08608242 A GB08608242 A GB 08608242A GB 8608242 A GB8608242 A GB 8608242A GB 2188799 A GB2188799 A GB 2188799A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- devices
- controller
- control system
- data
- switching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
- H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Abstract
A control system for controlling electrical power distribution to electrical devices 1, such as motors, heating elements etc., has a central controller 6 and switches 3 for switching supply of power to the devices 1. Information is supplied to the controller 6 from a power demand monitor 15 and power consumption is controlled by reference to such information and also to data relating both to the current operational status and the priority of electrical devices 1. The priority data may relate to the relative importance of maintaining power supply to the devices with reference to the particular time and/or to the stage in an operational cycle. An AND gate 17 may produce a signal on a data line 7 when an associated device 1 is on and it is permissible for it to be switched off. A manual override button 4 may be provided so that when an associated device 1 has been switched off by controller 6 it can be turned on again by the button 4 whereby the signal is removed from line 7 and controller 6 acts to switch off another device 1 to maintain the desired power consumption level. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Control system for electric power distribution
This invention relates to a control system for controlling distribution of electrical power to electrically-operated devices.
Where multiple electrically-operated devices are powered from a common electrical supply, for example in factories or other industrial or commercial premises, it is known to use computerised control systems which monitor overall power demand and act automatically to switch off selected devices as required to maintain power consumption below a predetermined level.
However, such known control systems are usuaily programmed simply to switch off preselected devices in a set order of priority of use. Since no account is taken of actual operational status and of any changes in priority of the devices, limitations are imposed on the efficiency and convenience of the control procedure. Thus, for example, there may be devices which are somtimes rated high priority in that it is essential that it should be possible to switch the device on when a manual switch is operated but which become low priority and could be switched off after elapse of a predetermined operating period.
With the known control systems such variable priority devices are considered only as high priority and therefore cannot be switched off by the control system even when they have passed from a high priority to a low priority phase.
An object of the present invention is to provide a control system with which the overall power consumption of a plurality of electrically-operated devices can be controlled in an efficient and convenient manner.
According to the invention therefore there is provided a control system for controlling the distribution of electrical power to electricallyoperated devices, said system comprising a central controller, switching devices controlled by said central controller for switching supply of power to the electrically-operated devices, and a power demand monitor arranged to provide said controller with data on power demanded by said electricallyoperated devices, said central controller being arranged to control said switching devices with reference to a predetermined desired overall level of power consumption and with reference to said demand data, characterised in that said controller is also arranged to control at least one said switching device with reference to status data concerning the current operational status of the associated electrically-operated device and with reference to priority data concerning the current operational priority of the electrically-operated device.
With this arrangement, switching of the electrically-operated devices can be controlled not only in relation to the overall parameters of the distribution system but also in relation to the current requirements and characteristics of individual electrically-operated devices within the system.
Thus, effective control of power consumption can be achieved in an efficient and convenient manner.
The said priority data may be time-based and/or operational cycle-based. For example, where a device changes from high priority to low priority at a particular time of day or at a particular point in an operational cycle or after a particular duration of operation, this information may be utilised so that the controller can reject the possibility of switching off the device in a high priority state but can switch off the device, as required, when its use becomes low priority.
This priority data may be pre-programmed into the controller, for example, so that the controller knows that a particular electrical device is available for switching off a particular period of time after it has been manually switched on. Alternatively and preferably this priority data may be generated local to the electrical device or local to a switching device associated with the electrical device. For example, there may be a timer which is initiated when the electrical device is manually switched on and which produces an available for switching off signal for transmission to the controller after elapse of a predetermined time.In a particularly preferred embodiment the status data and the priority data are both generated locally to the electricallyoperated device (or to a switching device associated therewith) and a composite signal (e.g. derived by
Aiding the status and priority data) is transmitted to the controller, which composite signal either informs that the electrical device cannot be considered for switching off (because it is already off or because it is in a high priority state), or informs that the electrical device is available for switching off (because it is on and because it is now in a low priority state).
There may also be the possibility of enabling the controller can also utilise the abovementioned timebased priority data and/or operational cycle data relating to predetermined sequences of operation of the electrically-operated devices and/or data relating to tolerances in priorities of electricallyoperated devices (e.g. the extent to which a high priority device can be switched off for a short period during a high priority phase), so that predicted future power demand can be utilised in determining a switch-off procedure. Thus, for example, it may be possible to interrupt high priority operation of one device for a short period pending imminent change of a further device from a high priority to a low priority state.It may also be possible to effect sequentiai operation of certain devices rather than simultaneous operation or to defer commencement of operation of a device, or to take other action.
With regard to the central controller this may take the form of a computerised unit comprising a central processor, such as a microprocessor, with associated memory storage devices including volatile operating memory and non-volatile memory for storage of fixed data and the required operating program. Any necessary parameters and pre-set data may be contained in the non-volatile memory. Alternatively, provision may be made for entering at least some parameters/data on site prior to use of the control system, for example via a keyboard. The computerised control unit will also incorporate appropriate interface/peripheral devices for feeding signals to and receiving signals from the switching devices and any other devices controlled by or supplying data to the controller.
The said switching devices may take any suitable form and may be arranged simply to switch on and off the associated electrically-controlled devices.
Alternatively or additionally the switching devices may be arranged to reduce the level of suppiied power. Such switching devices may be separate to or combined with other automatic or manual switches for the electrically-operated devices and provision may be made for overriding the action of the switching devices locally and/or remotely.
The power demand monitor may also take any suitable form and may be arranged to monitor power actuaily consumed and/or predicted power as determined by a knowledge of the requirements of the electrically-operated devices which are switched on.
The control system of the invention may be utilised in the context of electrical devices such as motors, heating elements etc. of machines, environmental control devices (such as central heating, airconditioning) in industrial or commercial premises or for any other suitable purpose.
The invention will now be described further by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a diagrammatic
representation of one form of a control system according to the invention.
As shown in the drawing, a number of electricallyoperated devices 1 such as motors, heating elements, etc. of machines, central heating equipment, air conditioning equipment and the like in industrial or commercial premises are powered from a main electrical supply 2 and are controlled by switching devices 3. Only three devices 1 are shown but in practice many more devices, perhaps in excess of one or two hundred may be controlled.
The switching devices 3 can be manually operated locally e.g. by press buttons 4 and/or remotely by automatic operating circuitry depending on the nature and mode of operation of the associated electrical devices 1. Also at least some of the devices 3 can be automatically operated by switching signals fed via control lines 5 from a central control unit 6. Status lines 7 are also connected between some or all of the switching devices 3 and the control unit 6, such status lines 7 conveying to the control unit 6 data signals representative of the status of the switching devices 3 and the current priority of the electrical device 1.That is, a first signal is generated in the switching device 3 which indicates whether the device is in an on or off state (i.e. whether or not the associated electrical device 1 is operating), and a second signal is generated which indicates whether or not it is permissible for the switch device 3 to be switched off. The two signals are processed via an AND gate 17 so that a signal is produced on the data line 7 when the
device 3 is on and it is permissible for the device 3 to
be switched off.
The control unit 6 includes a central processor 8 such as a microprocessor (mpu), interface devices 9, 10 between the mpu 8 and the control and status lines 5, 7, volatile and non-volatile memory storage 11, 12, a real-time clock 13 and a keyboard 14. The electrical devices 1 are connected to the power supply 2 via a consumption monitoring device 15 and this is connected to the mpu 8 via an interface 16. Information concerning the overall level of consumption is fed to the mpu 8 from the monitoring device 15.
The control unit 6 is pre-programmed with an operating program contained in the non-volatile memory 12. This memory 12 also contains control data and further control data can be entered into the volatile memory 11 via the keyboard 14.
In use, the overall power consumption of the various electrical devices 1 is monitored with the sensor 15 and this is compared, by the mpu 8, with a maximum acceptable level of power consumption.
This maximum level is preselected and, for example, may correspond to the maximum level of consumption for the time of day, to remain within a certain tariff band. If the maximum level is not exceeded, no action need be taken. If the maximum level is exceeded, the control unit 6 automatically switches off one or more electrical devices 1 by feed of control signals to the associated devices 3 to reduce the power consumption.
Different devices 1 have different priorities of use, and the control unit 6 is programmed with this information. To reduce power consumption, the control unit 6 switches off devices in order of their predetermined priority but only if the devices 3 are available for swithcing off as indicated by the signals on the data lines 7. That is, if there is no availability signal on the data line 7 of the lowest priority device 3 then that device is not switched off and instead a different device 3 is switched off. Also, where a device 3 has been switched off by the control unit 6 and is then manually operated (e.g.
with the button 4), the data signal is removed from the data line 7 and the device 3 can then switch on whereby the control unit 6 then acts to switch off another device 3 as appropriate to maintain the power consumption at the desired level.
The operation of the control unit 6 may be such as to avoid or minimise large consumption peaks (e.g.
so as to prevent the rate of consumption moving from a lower to a higher tariff band). Alternatively or additionally, the operation of the control unit may be such as to hold the consumption level at all times as low as possible and/or as even as possible.
It will be appreciated that, in addition to acting to switch off the devices 3, the control unit 6 may also act to switch devices 3 back on after the consumption level has fallen to an acceptable level in so far as such switching on of devices 3 will not unduly increase the consumption (as determined by the control unit 6 with reference to the known consumption rating of the devices 1).
With the arrangement described it is possible to control power consumption in an efficient and convenient manner whilst at the same time ensuring that any device 1 can be switched on as
required with the pertaining manual override switch.
A large number of different devices 1 can be controlled including both large and small loads. An advantage of the system is that it is feasible to switch large numbers of loads to achieve and maintain desired levels of consumption. In particular loads can be controlled which with known control systems would not be controlled because of their variable priority requirements.
It is of course to be understood that the invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above embodiment which are described by way of example only.
Claims (11)
1. A control system for controlling the distribution of electrical power to electrically-operated devices, said system comprising a central controller, switching devices controlled by said central controller for switching supply of power to the electrically-operated devices, and a power demand monitor arranged to provide said controller with data on power demanded by said electricallyoperated devices, said central controller being arranged to control said switching devices with reference to a predetermined desired overall level of power consumption and with reference to said demand data, characterised in that said controller is also arranged to control at least one said switching device with reference to status data concerning the current operational status of the associated electrically-operated device and with reference to priority data concerning the current operational priority of the electrically-operated device.
2. A control system according to claim 1 characterised in that said priority data is time based.
3. A control system according to claim 1 or 2 characterised in that said priority data is operational cycle-based.
4. A control system according to claim 2 or 3 characterised in that the priority data is preprogrammed into the controller.
5. A control system according to claim 2 or 3 characterised in that the priority data is generated local to the electrical device, or local to a switching device associated with the electrical device.
6. A control system according to claim 5 characterised in that a timer is initiated when the electrical device is manually switched on and an available for switching off signal is produced for transmission to the controller after elapse of a predetermined time.
7. A control system according to claims 2 and 3 or any one of claims 4 to 6 when dependent thereon characterised in that the status data and the priority data are both generated locally to the electricallyoperated device, orto a switching device associated therewith, and a composite signal is transmitted to the controller.
8. Acontrol system according to any one of claims 2 to 7 characterised in that said time-based priority data and/or operational cycle data is utilised by the controller in relation to predetermined sequences of operation of the electrically operated devices.
9. A control system according to any one of claims 2 to 8 characterised in that data relating to tolerances in priorities of electrically-operated devices is utilised by the controller.
10. A control system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 characterised in that said central controller comprises a computerised unit having a central processor with associated memory storage devices including volatile memory and non-volatile memory.
11.A control system according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08608242A GB2188799A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1986-04-04 | Control system for electric power distribution |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08608242A GB2188799A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1986-04-04 | Control system for electric power distribution |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8608242D0 GB8608242D0 (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| GB2188799A true GB2188799A (en) | 1987-10-07 |
Family
ID=10595669
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08608242A Withdrawn GB2188799A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1986-04-04 | Control system for electric power distribution |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2188799A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2219448A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1989-12-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical load management system. |
| EP0571898A1 (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-01 | Alcatel Standard Electrica, S.A. | Low voltage power control breaker system |
| GB2298499A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-09-04 | Motorola Ltd | Method and apparatus for limiting peak current levels in electronic equipment |
| EP0982642A2 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-03-01 | Raymond Kleger | Process for the control of electrical installations in buildings and a control device for the control of electrical installations in buildings |
| DE19902997A1 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-10 | Convotherm Elektrogeraete | Influencing effect of energy optimization system for limiting electrical power drain of several electric loads e.g. for large kitchens and bakeries, involves isolating certain loads from system during switch-off-free periods |
| WO2016007452A1 (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-01-14 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Power management |
| WO2018232954A1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | 深圳市盛路物联通讯技术有限公司 | Power consumption control method and device based on internet of things |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4090088A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1978-05-16 | Encon Systems, Inc. | Power management system |
| GB1550677A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1979-08-15 | Lockheed Electronics Co | Load shedding systems |
| GB2019138A (en) * | 1978-03-19 | 1979-10-24 | Electricity Supply Board | Method and apparatus for controlling the supply of power to loads from a limited electricity supply |
| US4181950A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1980-01-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Adaptive priority determination power demand control method |
| US4216384A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1980-08-05 | Directed Energy Systems, Inc. | System for monitoring and controlling electric power consumption |
| GB2043371A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1980-10-01 | South Eastern Elec Board | Load shedding |
| EP0023254A2 (en) * | 1979-07-02 | 1981-02-04 | Sangamo Weston, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling power distribution of an electric utility |
| GB2083301A (en) * | 1980-09-01 | 1982-03-17 | South Eastern Elec Board | Method of and apparatus for controlling loads on an electrical power supply |
| US4337401A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1982-06-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Adaptive load shedding |
| EP0072598A1 (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-02-23 | van den Berg, Hendrik | Process for matching the demand for electrical energy to the supply of electrical energy as well as a circuit used for this purpose |
| US4464724A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1984-08-07 | Cyborex Laboratories, Inc. | System and method for optimizing power shed/restore operations |
-
1986
- 1986-04-04 GB GB08608242A patent/GB2188799A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1550677A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1979-08-15 | Lockheed Electronics Co | Load shedding systems |
| US4090088A (en) * | 1977-02-17 | 1978-05-16 | Encon Systems, Inc. | Power management system |
| US4181950A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1980-01-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Adaptive priority determination power demand control method |
| US4216384A (en) * | 1977-12-09 | 1980-08-05 | Directed Energy Systems, Inc. | System for monitoring and controlling electric power consumption |
| GB2019138A (en) * | 1978-03-19 | 1979-10-24 | Electricity Supply Board | Method and apparatus for controlling the supply of power to loads from a limited electricity supply |
| GB2043371A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1980-10-01 | South Eastern Elec Board | Load shedding |
| EP0023254A2 (en) * | 1979-07-02 | 1981-02-04 | Sangamo Weston, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling power distribution of an electric utility |
| GB2083301A (en) * | 1980-09-01 | 1982-03-17 | South Eastern Elec Board | Method of and apparatus for controlling loads on an electrical power supply |
| US4337401A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1982-06-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Adaptive load shedding |
| US4464724A (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1984-08-07 | Cyborex Laboratories, Inc. | System and method for optimizing power shed/restore operations |
| EP0072598A1 (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-02-23 | van den Berg, Hendrik | Process for matching the demand for electrical energy to the supply of electrical energy as well as a circuit used for this purpose |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2219448A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1989-12-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical load management system. |
| GB2219448B (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1992-08-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical load management system |
| EP0571898A1 (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-01 | Alcatel Standard Electrica, S.A. | Low voltage power control breaker system |
| GB2298499A (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-09-04 | Motorola Ltd | Method and apparatus for limiting peak current levels in electronic equipment |
| GB2298499B (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1999-09-15 | Motorola Ltd | Method and apparatus for limiting peak current levels in electronic equipment |
| EP0982642A2 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-03-01 | Raymond Kleger | Process for the control of electrical installations in buildings and a control device for the control of electrical installations in buildings |
| EP0982642A3 (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2004-01-07 | Raymond Kleger | Process for the control of electrical installations in buildings and a control device for the control of electrical installations in buildings |
| DE19902997A1 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-10 | Convotherm Elektrogeraete | Influencing effect of energy optimization system for limiting electrical power drain of several electric loads e.g. for large kitchens and bakeries, involves isolating certain loads from system during switch-off-free periods |
| DE19902997B4 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2016-06-16 | Convotherm Elektrogeräte GmbH | Method and device for influencing the action of an energy optimization system for limiting the electrical power consumption of a plurality of electrical consumers |
| WO2016007452A1 (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-01-14 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Power management |
| CN106575130A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2017-04-19 | 微软技术许可有限责任公司 | Power management |
| WO2018232954A1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | 深圳市盛路物联通讯技术有限公司 | Power consumption control method and device based on internet of things |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8608242D0 (en) | 1986-05-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |