GB2164825A - Coded transponder for identification system - Google Patents

Coded transponder for identification system Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2164825A
GB2164825A GB08522951A GB8522951A GB2164825A GB 2164825 A GB2164825 A GB 2164825A GB 08522951 A GB08522951 A GB 08522951A GB 8522951 A GB8522951 A GB 8522951A GB 2164825 A GB2164825 A GB 2164825A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
transponder
access control
control equipment
code
algorithm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08522951A
Other versions
GB2164825B (en
GB8522951D0 (en
Inventor
Harold Dodd
Brian John Stanier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SATELLITE VIDEO SYSTEMS Ltd
Original Assignee
SATELLITE VIDEO SYSTEMS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SATELLITE VIDEO SYSTEMS Ltd filed Critical SATELLITE VIDEO SYSTEMS Ltd
Publication of GB8522951D0 publication Critical patent/GB8522951D0/en
Publication of GB2164825A publication Critical patent/GB2164825A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2164825B publication Critical patent/GB2164825B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/765—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/346—Cards serving only as information carrier of service
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/355—Personalisation of cards for use
    • G06Q20/3552—Downloading or loading of personalisation data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
    • G06Q20/409—Device specific authentication in transaction processing
    • G06Q20/4097—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners
    • G06Q20/40975—Device specific authentication in transaction processing using mutual authentication between devices and transaction partners using encryption therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence

Abstract

Access control equipment for restricting unauthorised access to stored or transmitted data or to secure premises, suitable for use with an appropriate interrogation unit, takes the form of a transponder which is encapsulated in an electrically non-conductive material and comprises at least one programmable code-carrying means, logic elements and at least one algorithm sealed therein. For example, the transponder may include a microprocessor with non-volatile memory for storing the code and/or the algorithm, and signals may be passed to and from the encapsulated transponder by electromagnetic or other non-contact coupling. The system described is particularly for restricting access to terrestrial and satellite video and audio broadcasts.

Description

SPECIFICATION Access control equipment The present invention concerns access control equipment, that is electronic equipment designed to restrict unauthorised access to stored or transmitted data or to secure premises.
The control of such access is frequently afforded by the use of an interrogation unit and a transponder. At its simplest, the interrogation unit transmits an enquiry signal which may be received by any transponder within its range. The transponder is designed to modify the received signal in a predetermined manner and then retransmits the modified signal for reception by the interrogation unit. The modifying of the signal may be such as simply to distinguish between any "authorised" transponder and an unauthorised one or may be characteristic of the specific transponder alone, in which latter case the modified signal received by the interrogation unit identifies that transponder and no other.
Thus, if the transponder is carried by a person, vehicle, animal or piece of equipment, then the interrogation unit is enabled to permit or reject access of a specific person or vehicle to controlled premises or to control access of a person or equipment to stored data. For example, when the equipment is capabie of receiving transmitted data, it may be permitted to do so only when it has been identified or authorised by a correctly-responding transponder.
When transponders are used in these ways for security purposes, it is inevitable that attempts be made to gain illicit access to the stored date. There is therefore an increasing need to produce transponders which are less easily copied. However it is strongly desirable that transponders used for security purposes be kept as compact as possible, such that they may be readily carried by the user for identification purposes. These two needs are to some extent in conflict.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a transponder of improved security which nonetheless may be made in easily portable form.
The transponder according to the present invention is characterised by being encapsulated in an electrically non-conducting material and by comprising at least one programmable code-carrying means, logic elements and at least one algorithm sealed therein.
Communication with the transponder of the present invention must, because it is encapsulated, be by means other than electrical contact. A particularly preferred method of communication is by electromagnetic inductive coupling but other means are also suitable.
Thus communication may be by radio, by optical transmission using light in the visible or infra-red range, by microwave or by means of ultra-sound.
Using the programmable code-carrying means, a predetermined code, for example a binary number, may be "buried" in the transponder. This code may be characteristic generally of an "authorised" (as opposed to any unauthorised) transponder or may if desired be specific to the individual transponder.
For example, it may be a coded equivalent of the signature, finger print or voice pattern of an authorised individual.
By means of the logic elements, the transponder is able to use the algorithm to modify the incoming signal in a manner characteristic of the code and the algorithm, before retransmitting the modified signal to the interrogation unit. The interrogation unit may in turn be programmed to react in the desired manner only to incoming signals which have been modified in a pre-determined acceptable way.
The logic elements preferably are in the form of a microprocessor, which may have non-volatile memory capacity for storing the code and/or the algorithm, but may take other forms. For example they may comprise descrete digital components, a VLSI (that is, very large scale integrated circuit) gate array, or a custom-designed VLSI circuit.
Because the code-carrying means is programmable, the code may be changed as desired. Thus additional security may be achieved by changing the code at agreed or arbitrary intervals, provided of course that the interrogating unit is similarly programmed to recognise the new code. The code may be inserted in the transponder by inductive coupling.
Similarly the algorithm, which may be defined by instructions comprising a program stored in the non-volatile memory, may also be changed as desired. Thus the interrogator itself may be used to change the code or the algorithm by first-of-all identifying the presence of an authorised transponder within its range and then transmitting to the transponder encoder instructions. The instructions may be decoded using the stored algorithm and then used to alter the code or the algorithm itself or both of these.
The transponder is, as indicated, encapsulated in an electrically non-conducting material.
A suitable, and much preferred, material for this purpose is an epoxy resin.
Power for the operation of the transponder according to the present invention may be supplied to it via the interrogation coupling, for example the induction coils.
The transponder according to the present invention may be used in a wide range of applications. At its simplest, it may be used solely for identification purposes to control physical access to secure premises by distinguishing authorised users from unauthorised ones.
In another form the transponder may be used to provide secure access to high speed scrambled data. Such data might include video or audio information as used in terrestrial and satellite television or radio broadcasting or text information such as that used in communications with and between computers.
Scrambled data arrives at the interrogator together with encrypted descrambling information, either embedded within the scrambled data stream or separately. The key required to descramble the data stream is encrypted using a standard procedure such as the DES (data encryption standard) algorithm or by other similar means and may be changed at regular or irreguiar intervals. The interrogator transmits the encrypted key together with other data such as a PIN (personal identification number) to the transponder, which decrypts the key using the algorithm and code stored in its memory. The decrypted key is then returned to the interrogator. The sequence of scrambled data corresponding to that code is then descrambled by the interrogator and passed to the output data stream.
In yet another form, the transponder may be used to provide secure access to slow scrambled data. The interrogator sends the slow scrambled data stream and the associated encrypted descrambling key to the transponder and the latter not only decrypts the key but also carries out descrambling of the data stream and returns the descrambled data to the interrogator.
Thus it can be seen that, in its various forms, the transponder according to the present invention may at one extreme simply transmit a short identifying signal or may, at the other extreme, be used to modify a continuously varying input signal and to retransmit the modified signal on a continuous basis.
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a block diagram of the circuits associated with one preferred specific embodiment of transponder according to the present invention, designed to limit reception of television signals to authorised users.
In the drawing, the letter A designates an interface unit incorporated in a modified domestic television receiver and which functions as the interrogator in the access control system; the letter B designates the transponder.
The transponder B is in the form of printed circuits encapsulated in a block of epoxy resin with no exposed facility for direct electrical contact. A slot or drawer provided in the cabinet of the television receiver is so sized as to be able to receive one or a small number of such encapsulated transponders, to enable simultaneous or alternative access to one or more transmitted programme channels. The link between the interrogator A and the transponder B is made by inductive coupling between induction coils 1, 2 in the interrogator in the region of the slot or drawer and respective induction coils 3, 4 encapsulated within the transponder.
The television transmission which the receiver is intended to monitor, when duly authorised by the transponder to do so, is in the form of a scrambled signal, which can be descrambled by circuitry within the receiver only when a descrambling control word has been identified. The control word has in turn been encrypted and is transmitted with the scrambled television data.
The television receiver receives in the conventional manner the scrambled transmission and the encrypted control signal and the latter is fed via the input line 5 to the interrogator A, more specifically to a control processor 6 as shown. The data contained in the encrypted control signal is modulated, in an amplitude modulator 7, on to a carrier wave of frequency f (which frequency is preferably about 250kHz). The data is encoded in digital form using 100% amplitude modulation in which the pulse length indicates a logic 0 level, a logic 1 level or the end of a data sequence. A typical data sequence comprises a code identifying the transponder, together with other digital data and check digits for error protection.
The amplitude modulated carrier wave is fed to a transmitter 8 by means of which it is in turn transferred, via the induction coils 1, 3, to a receiver 9 in the transponder. The received carrier wave is processed by an amplitude demodulator 10, incorporating a tuned circuit arranged to resonate at the carrier frequency. The signal is rectified and smoothed to produce a power supply for the transponder B (which has no internal source of power) and also to produce a signal representing the envelope of the modulated wave, and a pulse train at the carrier frequency f.
The signal is fed to a binary counter 11 and associated gate 12 and then in turn, via a further gate 13, to a serial processor 14 into the non-volatile memory of which the code identifying the transponder has been programmed. The incoming encrypted code is compared in the processor 14 with the transponder code and, if a predetermined match of parts of the codes is not found, then the transponder remains inactive. If however a match as required is found, which confirms that the transponder is "authorised", then, using the stored algorithm, mathematical operations are carried out to combine the two codes in a predetermined manner and thereby to produce a single binary number representing the decrypted descrambling control word.
(The boxes numbered 15 and 16 in the transponder B are multiplexers).
One output of the binary counter 11 is a carrier wave at frequency f/2 and this wave is phase modulated in a phase modulator 17 with the decrypted control signal produced by the processor 14. From the phase modulator 17, the modulated carrier wave is passed to a transmitter 18 for retransmission, via the coils 4 and 2, to the interrogator A, wherein it is received by a receiver 19. In a phase detector 20, which receives a signal at frequency f/2 from a binary counter 21, the received signal is interpreted and passed as the descrambling instruction to the control processor 6, which enables the descrambling of the main received television signals in the descrambling circuits of the television receiver.
Thus, by means of the illustrated specific embodiment of the present invention, a scrambled television transmission may be rendered secure from reception in intelligible form, except by a receiver into which an "authorised" transponder has been slotted.

Claims (9)

1. Access control equipment in the form of a transponder for use in conjunction with an interrogation unit, which transponder is encapsulated in an electrically non-conducting material and comprises at least one programmable code-carrying means, logic elements and at least one algorithm sealed therein.
2. Access control equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrically non-conducting material is an epoxy resin.
3. Access control equipment as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, having induction coils sealed therein for reception and transmission respectively of electromagnetic signals.
4. Access control equipment as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the logic elements are in the form of a microprocessor.
5. Access control equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein the microprocessor has nonvolatile memory capacity for storing the code and/or the algorithm.
6. Access control equipment as claimed in claim 5, comprising also means stored in the memory for decrypting received signals and means for retransmitting the decrypted signals.
7. Access control equipment as claimed in either of claims 5 and 6, having also means for altering the stored code and/or algorithm.
8. Access control equipment as claimed in any of the preceding claims, having also means for descrambling a data stream contained in the received signal and retransmitting the descrambled data stream.
9. Access control equipment substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawings.
GB08522951A 1984-09-19 1985-09-17 Coded transponder for indentification system Expired GB2164825B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8423652 1984-09-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8522951D0 GB8522951D0 (en) 1985-10-23
GB2164825A true GB2164825A (en) 1986-03-26
GB2164825B GB2164825B (en) 1988-05-11

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Cited By (31)

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EP0229631A2 (en) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-22 Abbott Laboratories Electronic data storage and retrieval apparatus and method
EP0242906A1 (en) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-28 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP Electromagnetic identification system
GB2193021A (en) * 1986-07-24 1988-01-27 Stanley Electric Co Ltd Optical card identification system
WO1988003295A1 (en) * 1986-10-23 1988-05-05 Skidata Computerhandelsgesellschaft M.B.H. Control system for data carriers
WO1988003687A1 (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-19 R. Audemars S.A. Identification system
FR2615306A1 (en) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-18 Realisa Electro Meca Et Centralised communication system, with a portable box and network of fixed terminals, especially for remote identification of persons, corresponding box and method of operating such a system
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GB2258589A (en) * 1990-08-03 1993-02-10 Bio Medic Data Systems Inc Wirelessly programmable transponder
US5202550A (en) * 1986-10-23 1993-04-13 Skidata Computer Gesellschaft M.B.H. Device for machine communication in data transmission
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EP0686928A3 (en) * 1994-06-07 1997-05-14 Ramtron Int Corp System and method for initiating communications between a controller and a selected subset of multiple transponders in a common RF field
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WO1998034201A1 (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a remote-control device and a remote-control device
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Cited By (54)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0229631A2 (en) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-22 Abbott Laboratories Electronic data storage and retrieval apparatus and method
EP0229631A3 (en) * 1986-01-13 1989-04-26 Abbott Laboratories Electronica data storage and retrieval apparatus and method
AU589765B2 (en) * 1986-04-22 1989-10-19 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek Nedap Electromagnetic identification system
EP0242906A1 (en) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-28 N.V. Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek NEDAP Electromagnetic identification system
GB2193021A (en) * 1986-07-24 1988-01-27 Stanley Electric Co Ltd Optical card identification system
GB2193021B (en) * 1986-07-24 1990-07-25 Stanley Electric Co Ltd Optical identification card system
WO1988003295A1 (en) * 1986-10-23 1988-05-05 Skidata Computerhandelsgesellschaft M.B.H. Control system for data carriers
WO1988003296A1 (en) * 1986-10-23 1988-05-05 Skidata Computerhandelsgesellschaft M.B.H. System for automated communication for data transmission
US5478995A (en) * 1986-10-23 1995-12-26 Skidata Computer Gesellschaft M.B.H. Data carrier with disc shaped carrier structure
US5202550A (en) * 1986-10-23 1993-04-13 Skidata Computer Gesellschaft M.B.H. Device for machine communication in data transmission
US5293399A (en) * 1986-11-05 1994-03-08 R. Audemars Sa Identification system
WO1988003687A1 (en) * 1986-11-05 1988-05-19 R. Audemars S.A. Identification system
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GB8522951D0 (en) 1985-10-23

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