GB2082012A - Non-coherent fibre-optic bundle image decoder - Google Patents
Non-coherent fibre-optic bundle image decoder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2082012A GB2082012A GB8118952A GB8118952A GB2082012A GB 2082012 A GB2082012 A GB 2082012A GB 8118952 A GB8118952 A GB 8118952A GB 8118952 A GB8118952 A GB 8118952A GB 2082012 A GB2082012 A GB 2082012A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bundle
- image
- fibre
- fibres
- spot
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/22—Adaptations for optical transmission
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
Abstract
An optical imaging system utilises a non-coherent optical fibre bundle 1 to transmit an image 30 from the bundle's distal end 3 to its proximal end 5 where the image is transposed into an incoherent form as a result of the non-coherent fibre arrangement in the bundle 1. The incoherent image is detected by a T.V. camera 36 and the T.V. signals are operated on by a microprocessor 39 to obtain T.V. signals representative of the incident image 30. The microprocessor 39 utilises information held in a storage 40 regarding the positional transpositions of image elements produced by the fibre bundle, this stored information being produced by initially scanning a spot of light over one end of the fibre bundle and noting the position of the fibre illuminated at the other end of the bundle. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Non-coherent fibre-optic bundle image decoder
This invention relates to an optical imaging system utilising a non-coherent fibre optic bundle.
Systems utilising fibre optic bundles to transmit images are well known, particularly for medical use and for inspection purposes in industrial processes. Such prior systems utilise coherent fibre optic bundles. A coherent fibre optic bundle is so arranged that the relative configuration of the fibres at one end of the bundle exactly corresponds to the fibre configuration at the other end. Each fibre can be considered to transmit an element of an image, so in order for the image incident on one end of the bundle to be reconstituted at the other end there has to be an exact correspondence of the relative configurations of the fibres at the ends of the bundle. Coherent optical fibre bundles thus require a complex assembly process to achieve the necessary fibre configuration.
A non-coherent fibre optic bundle does not have the exact fibre correspondence at the bundle ends, and thus does not provide a coherent image. However, non-coherent bundles are much less expensive to produce and can be made in much longer lengths than coherent bundles.
The present invention provides an optical system which utilises a non-coherent fibre optic bundle to transmit an image, and which enables signals representative of the image to be produced from the incoherent image produced by transmission along the non-coherent fibre optic bundle.
More particularly the invention provides an optical imaging system comprising:
a non-coherent fibre optic bundle for receiving at one end thereof an incident optical image, said image being transposed into an incoherent form at the other end of the bundle by virtue of the non-coherent arrangement of the fibres;
transducer means arranged to produce electrical signals representative of said incoherent image;
storage means storing information regarding a set of transposition functions determined for said bundle as being suitable for operating upon said electrical signals to render to signals representative of said optical image; and
signal processing means for operating on said electrical signals in accordance with the information held by the storage means whereby to produce electrical output signals representative of the image incident upon the fibre optic bundle.
The invention furthermore provides a method of providing a sensible representation of an object when an image thereof is transmitted through a non-coherent fibre optic bundle, comprising scanning a spot of light in a predetermined manner over one end of the bundle such as to illuminate the fibres thereof sequentially, determining the position of the illuminated fibres at the other end of the bundle, a determining for each of the fibres the positional transposition effected thereby between the ends of the bundle, providing in a store information relating to said positional transpositions, transmitting an image through said bundle, detecting the transmitted image, producing electrical signals indicative of said transmitted image, and operating upon said electrical signals in accordance with the stored information and in such a manner as to produce output electrical signals comprising a sensible representation of the object.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood it will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the desired effect of the present invention in terms of an optical analogue;
Figure 2 illustrates schematically proximal and distal fibre ends and the desirable size of a light spot for selectively illuminating the fibres;
Figure 3 illustrates schematically the optical parts of a system according to the invention;
Figure 4 illustrates schematically the effect of rotation of the distal end of the fibre optic bundle, and
Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of a complete optical imaging system according to the invention.
The invention will first be explained by reference to an optical analogue model shown in Fig. 1. In the Figure a non-coherent fibre optic bundle 1 has an array of fibre ends 2 at a distal end 3 of the bundle and an array of fibre ends 4 at a proximal end 5 of the bundle. The distal end 3 receives an incident optical image (not shown) and the individual fibre ends 2 define elements of the image, these image elements being transferred along the fibres as indicated by hatched lines 6 to the fibre ends 4 at the proximal end of the bundle. For simplicity only nine fibres are shown, arranged in square arrays at the ends 3, 5 of the bundle, with a longitudinal axis 7 of the bundle passing through the central fibre end of the appropriate square array, this axis being drawn straight, again for simplicity, it being appreciated that fibre-optic bundles are flexible and are not usually straight.
The image elements at the distal end 3 are transferred to the proximal end 5 as a jumbled or coded pattern by virtue of the noncoherent arrangement of the fibres 6, the pattern however containing information from which is is possible to reconstitute the image.
An optical way of reconstituting the image would be to locate accurately a second non coherent bundle 8 in contact with the first bundle 1, the fibre paths between the ends 10, 11 of bundle 8, constituting an effective mirror image of the fibre paths 6 between ends 3, 5 of bundle 1 in the plane of juncture (not shown) which is normal to the axis 7, at the juncture. The image elements at the proximal end 5 of the bundle 1 are thus returned to their or;iginal relative locations at the end 11 of bundle 2. This analogue model may be demonstrated in practice by 'potting" or glueing together the free fibres somewhere down the length of a flexible coherent bundle thereby fixing the relative positions of these fibres, cutting across this glued portion and polishing two ends, (corresponding to ends 5 and 10 in Fig. 1).Accurate re-location of these two ends will then give a reconstituted overall coherent fibre bundle capable of giving sensible transmission of an image from one end to the other.
With reference to the (XYZ) axes 12, in Fig.
1, and depicting all the fibre ends located on the axis 7 by the co-ordinates (0,0) it can be seen that for the fibre paths 6, (three only being shown), depicted in bundle 1, that the rearrangement of image elements from the distal end 3 to the proximal end 5 may be depicted mathematically as:
where the (x,y) co-ordinates are denoted as integers in this simple illustrative case.
The mirror imaging performed by bundle 8 can be expressed mathematically as:
In more general terms if any fibre in bundle 1 has co-ordinates (X,,Y,) at the distal end 3, and co-ordinates (X2,Y2) at the proximal end 5, such that the co-ordinate transposition for any fibre may be expressed:
then for correct decoding and thereby production of a sensible representation of any image on the distal end 3 of bundle 1, at the end 11 of bundle 8, bundle 8 must perform the inverse co-ordinate transposition:
Hence the action of the bundle 8 in Fig. 1 can be seen to be equivalent to a set of geometrical co-ordinate transpositions. In accordance with the present invention, the function of the bundle 8 is performed by storage means and signal processing means such as a microprocessor.In brief, an exemplary system of the invention is pre-programmed by scanning a small region of illumination over the distal end 3 of the bundle 1 and detecting the position of the resulting illumination at the proximal end 5 of the bundle so as to determine for each fibre the co-ordinate transposition between the ends of the bundle, produced by the non-coherent nature of the fibre bundle. Each such transposition is stored and used to operate upon image elements when an image of interest is transmitted through the bundle, to allow a sensible representation of the image to be obtained from the pattern occurring at the proximal end 5 of the bundle 1. A fuller description of the system is given later, consideration now being given to the acceptable size that the region of illumination at the bundle's distal end 3 may be aliowed to have.
In Figs. 2 (i) - (iv), two of the bundle's pulses have adjacent distal ends 1 3 and 14, and proximal ends 1 5 and 1 6. The proximal ends need not necessarily be adjacent as shown. Regions of illumination impinging on the distal ends 1 3 and 14 are indicated shaded in the Figure, as are resultant radiating fibres at the proximal ends 1 5 and 1 6.
Figs. 2 (i) and (ii) indicate that a region of illumination 17, of diameter equal to the effective diameter of the fibre ends 1 3 and 14, will give a conclusive identification of a fibre at its proximal end 1 5 or 1 6 only if the centre of the region of illumination is aligned accurately with the centre of one of the distal fibre ends 1 3 or 14, this condition being difficult to arrange and unlikely to be met in practice.
Figs. 2 (iii) and (iv) however indicate that a light spot of half the diameter of the distal fibre ends, when scanned through adjacent position 1 8 to 20, in positions 1 8 and 19, falls completely within the boundary of a distal fibre end, and results in only one proximal fibre end being illuminated, thus enabling accurate association of the proximal fibre ends with their distal ends. Hence a reasonable preferred restriction on the size of the small moveable region of illumination is that its effective diameter should not exceed half the diameter of each distal fibre end.
In Fig. 3, depicting schematically the optical parts of a system in accordance with the invention, points A, B, and C of a simple linear object 21 are imaged by a lens system 22, depicted for simplicity by a single lens, to points A', B', C' on the distal end of the noncoherent fibre optic bundle 1, these image elements then' being transferred to the proximal end 5 of the bundle, to proximal fibre ends depicted A", B" and C" respectively, this coded pattern of points being further imaged and laterally inverted by lens system 23 onto photodetecting means 24 such as a t.v. camera tube capable of providing elec tronically a signal or signals indicative of the location and intensity of the points A", B",
C" on the proximal end 5 of the bundle 1.In terms of the simplified integer notation used herein before, the transposition from A'-A" etc. in the fibre bundle 1 can be repre sented :-
Given that the appropriate electronic storage and signal processing means have the required inverse co-ordinate transpositions stored at some earlier time, a sensible representation of the object of interest can be produced on appropriate display means such as a television screen, by manipulating the signals from the T.V. camera tube 24 in accordance with the inverse co-ordinate transpositions.
Fig. 4 is similar to Fig. 3 but with the distal end 3 of the fibre bundle 1 rotated through an angle ld (for simplicity 45 ) compared to the distal end - s drawn in Fig. 3. Now the points, A, B, v of the same object 21 are imaged onto distal end fibres at D', B', E' which are transferred to points D", B" and E" respectively at the proximal end 5 of the fibre bundle.The transpositions for Fig. 4 can thus be represented:
However, from previous consideration of the action of the fibre bundle 1, discussed with reference to Fig. 1, if the requisite fibre coordinate transpositions are stored so as to form a set equivalent to the transposing action of the fibre bundle 8 in Fig. 1, comprising, when correctly located, the effective mirror image of bundle 1, with an undeviated distal end in the said Figure, then the behaviour of such a system under rotation, or in general, deviation, of the non-coherent bundle distal end may be considered in terms of this previously considered optical analogue (bundle 8 in Fig. 1).The points D", B", E", at the proximal end of bundle 1 in Fig. 4 will then be transposed by a substituted analogue bundle (equivalent to bundle 8 in Fig. 1) as follows:
from which it can be seen the form of the image at the proximal end 11 of the optical analogue bundle 8, as in Fig. 1, is a sensible representation of the linear object 21 depicted at an angle to the axis 7 in Fig. 4 though not shown in Fig. 1.Moreover, for the object 21 disposed at 45 (generally the angle ) to the
X-axis on the set of axes 1 2 in Fig. 3 the said sensible representation will comprise for the three object points A, B, C, three corresponding vertical points which examination of the relationships of the orientations of the object 21 and non-coherent fibre bundle distal end 3 in both Figs. 3 and 4 reveals to be a desirable feature in that overall it corresponds to the behaviour of a coherent fibre bundle and so in a sense would also be "expected". These considerations also reveal that the form of the (inverse or mirror) co-ordinate tranpositions required to be stored is independent of the orientation or deviation in any way of the distal end 3 of the non-coherent fibre-optic bundle 1 under consideration.This is because although the (X,Y) co-ordinate transpositions relative to fixed axes of the non-coherent bundle 1 generally change as the distal end 3 moves relative to the proximal end 5, the corresponding inverse (X,Y) co-ordinaate transpositions of the decoding system considered as an optical analogue bundle, as in 8 in Fig.
1, do not change relative to fixed axes as this analogue bundle has ends fixed relative to each other. Thus these "analogue bundle" (inverse) transpositions need only be stored for one orientation of the distal end 3 of the non-coherent fibre bundle 1 with the proximal end 5 of the said bundle being held in a fixed position with respect to the imaging lens means 23 and appropriate photodetecting means 24.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a complete optical imaging system according to the invention. The lens system 22 forms an incident image 28 of an object 29, on the distal end 3 of the fibre optic bundle 1. The non-coherent nature of the bundle 1 transposes the image 28 into an incoherent pattern at the proximal end 5 of the bundle. Parts of the Figure numbered 31, 32, 33 and 34 within hatched lines 44 are used to provide a calculating and control means 39 and a storage means 40 with the required inverse coordinate transpositions corresponding to those produced by the fibre bundle analogue 8 in
Fig. 1. The calculating and control means 39 is conveniently a microprocessor.
A raster scan generator 35 drives the television camera tube 24 within a television camera 36 in a conventional manner. The photodetecting means 24 may alternatively comprise one of the solid-state area array devices available such as a charge-coupled, chargeinjection or photodiode array device in which case raster scan generator 35 is replaced by a circulating shift register. The generator 35 also drives a moving spot generator 31 depicted schematically as a television tube.
Again an appropriate solid state light emitting array device could possibly be used instead in which case a circulating shift register would also be used to provide appropriate electronic drive signals. The drive from generator 35 is applied to a moving spot generator 31 via a sub-generator 33, the output of which comprises a signal whose pixel time is at least equal to the framescan time of the television camera photosensitive element 24 and may be equal to an-integral number of such framescan times.
An image of the spot is formed via mirror reflector 32 and lens system 22 on the distal end 3 of the fibre-optic bundle 1. The size of the spot is selected as discussed with reference to Fig. 2. The spot thus causes a fibre at the proximal end 5 to be illuminated. The location of the illuminated fibre is detected by the t.v. tube 24 via the lens system 23. Due to the difference scan rates of the generator 35 and the sub-generator 33, the entire face of the t.v. tube 24 is scanned by the raster scan generator 35 for the duration that an individual optical fibre of the bundle is illuminated by the moving spot generator 31.Preferably however electronic re-setting means (not shown) are used to reset the raster scan generator 35 to its starting point once the illuminated fibre at the proximal end 5 has been detected by the camera 36 thereby curtailing the non-effective completion of the whole framescan of the said camera whilst still allowing the moving spot generator 31 to continue in its same original scan thereby saving, on average, roughly half the television camera framescan time for each illuminated fibre at the proximal end 5 thus enhancing the system efficiency.For each illuminated fibre of the bundle 1, a signal representative (in framescan time) of the location of the proximal fibre end is passed to the microprocessor 39 simultaneously with a signal from the scan generator 35 representative (in pixel time) of the location of the (moving) spot imaged on the distal end of the fibre, via appropriate electronic interfacing means 37 and 38, respectively. The programming device 34 causes the microprocessor 39 to assign mirror correspondences between the simultaneously occurring proximal and distal locations for each fibre in the bundle 1 in turn and to store these correspondences in storage means 40.Once these correspondences have been stored for all the individual fibres, the program instructing the microprocessor 39 to assign these correspondences ceases operation and a series of program instructions is entered in the storage means 40 for causing the microprocessor 39 to perform automatic mirror transpositions on electrical signals from the camera 36.
Thus, the moving spot generator is now switched off and the object of interest 29 forms the incident image 28 and the incoherent image 30. The television camera 36 forms electrical scan signals representative of the incoherent image 30, which are fed through the interface 37 to the microprocessor. These signals are indicative of both the position and intensity of the elements of the image 30 defined by the proximal fibre ends. The microprocessor operates on these signals in accordance with the tranposition information held in the storage means 40 so as to deliver to an output interface 41 electrical signals in the form of a t.v. raster representative of the incident image 28, thus unscrambling the image incoherency introduced by the noncoherent fibre optic bundle 1. The output signal may be fed on line 45 to a video recorder 42 or to a display monitor or otherwise processed as desired.
Claims (11)
1. An optical imaging system comprising:
a non-coherent fibre optic bundle for receiving at one end thereof an incident optical image, said image being transposed into an incoherent form at the other end of the bundle by virtue of the non-coherent arrangement of the fibres;
transducer means arranged to produce electrical signals representative of said incoherent image;
storage means storing information regarding a set of transposition functions determined for said bundle as being suitable for operating upon said electrical signals to render the signals representative of said optical image; and
signal processing means for operating on said electrical signals in accordance with the information held by the storage means whereby to produce electrical output signals representative of the image incident upon the fibre optic bundle.
2. A system according to claim 1 including means for producing and moving a spot of light over one end of the bundle in such a manner as to illuminate sequentially the fibres, means for providing first positional signals representative of the position of the spot relative to said one end of the bundle, photodetecting means disposed to receive light from the other end of the bundle and to produce second positional signals indicative of the position at said other end of the fibre illuminated by the spot, and signal manipulating means arranged to derive from said positional signals said transposition functions and to load said information relating thereto into said storage means.
3. A system according to claim 2 wherein said light spot moving means is arranged to scan the light spot in a predetermined raster over said one end, and said photodetecting means is scanned spatially in a predetermined raster at such a rate that a complete raster scan of the photodetecting means can occur whilst said light spot illuminates a particular one of said fibres.
4. A system according to claim 3 including means for terminating and resetting the scan of the photodetecting means when the illuminated fibre end at said other end of the bundle has been detected.
5. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 4 wherein said photodetecting means comprises a television camera tube driven by a raster scan generator, and said light spot producing means comprises a television tube driven by a sub-generator coupled to said raster scan generator, the sub-generator producing a raster with a pixel time equal to the framescan time of the raster scan generator.
6. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 5 including imaging optics for forming at said one end of the fibre optic bundle an image of an object of interest or said spot of light.
7. A system according to any of claims 2 to 6 wherein said signal processing means comprises a microprocessor programmed to operate in a first mode to perform the function of said signal manipulating means, and programmed to operate in a second mode to provide said output image representative signals.
8. A system according to any preceding claim wherein said light spot is of a diameter half that of the effective diameter of the fibres.
9. An optical imaging system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
10. A method of providing a sensible representation of an object when an image thereof is transmitted through a non-coherent fibre optic bundle, comprising scanning a spot of light in a predetermined manner over one end of the bundle such as to illuminate the fibres thereof sequentially, determining the position of the illuminated fibres at the other end of the bundle, determining for each of the fibres the positional tranposition effected thereby between the ends of the bundle, providing in a store information relating to said positional transpositions, transmitting an image through said bundle, detecting the transmitted image, producing electrical signals indicative of said transmitted image, and operating upon said electrical signals in accordance with the stored information and in such a manner as to produce output electrical signals comprising a sensible representation of the object.
11. The combination of the fibre optic bundle used in the method of claim 10 and the store when storing the information concerning the bundle, the information being produced by performance of the method of claim 10.
1 2. A method of providing a sensible representation of an object when an image thereof is transmitted through a non-coherent fibre optic bundle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8118952A GB2082012A (en) | 1980-06-20 | 1981-06-19 | Non-coherent fibre-optic bundle image decoder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8020238 | 1980-06-20 | ||
| GB8118952A GB2082012A (en) | 1980-06-20 | 1981-06-19 | Non-coherent fibre-optic bundle image decoder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2082012A true GB2082012A (en) | 1982-02-24 |
Family
ID=26275951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8118952A Withdrawn GB2082012A (en) | 1980-06-20 | 1981-06-19 | Non-coherent fibre-optic bundle image decoder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2082012A (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2124054A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1984-02-08 | Philips Nv | Device for the optical scanning of a document |
| GB2128839A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-05-02 | Dainichi Nippon Cables Ltd | Image display apparatus |
| GB2231232A (en) * | 1989-02-18 | 1990-11-07 | Nde Instr Ltd | Imaging or measuring using an incoherent fibre optic bundle |
| WO1991006881A1 (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1991-05-16 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Visual image transmission by fibre optic cable |
| US6524237B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2003-02-25 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for using non-coherent optical bundles for image transmission |
| US6587189B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-07-01 | Srs Technologies | Robust incoherent fiber optic bundle decoder |
| WO2004019090A1 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | G6 Science Corp. | Non-coherent fiber optic apparatus and imaging method |
| EP2876422A3 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-06-17 | vario-optics ag | Test apparatus for electro-optical printed circuit boards |
-
1981
- 1981-06-19 GB GB8118952A patent/GB2082012A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2124054A (en) * | 1982-07-06 | 1984-02-08 | Philips Nv | Device for the optical scanning of a document |
| GB2128839A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-05-02 | Dainichi Nippon Cables Ltd | Image display apparatus |
| GB2231232A (en) * | 1989-02-18 | 1990-11-07 | Nde Instr Ltd | Imaging or measuring using an incoherent fibre optic bundle |
| WO1991006881A1 (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1991-05-16 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Visual image transmission by fibre optic cable |
| GB2253540A (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1992-09-09 | Secr Defence | Visual image transmission by fibre optic cable |
| GB2253540B (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1994-01-19 | Secr Defence | Visual image transmission by fibre optic cable |
| US5327514A (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1994-07-05 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northen Ireland | Visual image transmission by fibre optic cable |
| US6524237B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2003-02-25 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for using non-coherent optical bundles for image transmission |
| US6587189B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2003-07-01 | Srs Technologies | Robust incoherent fiber optic bundle decoder |
| WO2004019090A1 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-03-04 | G6 Science Corp. | Non-coherent fiber optic apparatus and imaging method |
| EP2876422A3 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-06-17 | vario-optics ag | Test apparatus for electro-optical printed circuit boards |
| US9377376B2 (en) | 2013-11-22 | 2016-06-28 | Vario-Optics Ag | Test apparatus for electro-optical printed circuit boards |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |