GB2031623A - Power supplies - Google Patents

Power supplies Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2031623A
GB2031623A GB7933255A GB7933255A GB2031623A GB 2031623 A GB2031623 A GB 2031623A GB 7933255 A GB7933255 A GB 7933255A GB 7933255 A GB7933255 A GB 7933255A GB 2031623 A GB2031623 A GB 2031623A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
current
voltage
switching
semiconductor component
transformer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB7933255A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of GB2031623A publication Critical patent/GB2031623A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/563—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices including two stages of regulation at least one of which is output level responsive, e.g. coarse and fine regulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop

Abstract

A switching arrangement for an intrinsically safe current supply is disclosed, which provides limitation of current and voltage so that, in normal operation, no ignition spark can be produced if a single fault or any combination of two faults occurs. A semi- conductor component 6 is connected in the primary circuit of an output transformer 5, supplied in use with direct current, of a switching regulator, controlled as a function of output current and voltage values. A series regulator 14 is connected after the switching regulator, and load terminals 10, 11 are short-circuited by a further semiconductor component 23 if boundary values of current and voltage are exceeded. The current and voltage feed- back loops to semiconductor component 6 eg a triac, are via optical couplers 15, 16. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION A switching arrangemenent for a current supply device Intrinsically safe current supply devices, such as those required, for example, in electrical installations for underground mining or explosion-proof electrical installations, have to be constructed according to accepted specifications so that the power they emit is not sufficient to produce sparks which could cause ignitions. A European Standard Specification (50020, August 1976) also includes a classification of intrinsically safe operating means for various safety requirements by means of the designations "ia" and "ib". Accordingly, operating means of category "ia" should not be able to cause an ignition spark in normal operation following a single fault or any combination of two faults, with a safety factor of 1.5 during normal operation with one fault and with a safety factor of 1.0 with two faults.
Current limiting with the aid of semiconductors is not safe with operating means in this category, because ignition sparks as a result of the failure or destruction of semiconductors cannot be excluded.
According to the present invention, there is provided a switching arrangement for a current supply device with limitation of current and voltage so that, in normal operation, no ignition spark can be produced if a single fault or any combination of two faults occurs, the arrangement including a semiconductor component which is connected in the primary circuit of an output transformer, supplied in use with direct current, of a switching regulator and can be controlled as a function of regulating signals for current and voltage values.
Aseries regulator may be connected afterthe switching regulator and load terminals of the switching arrangement may be short-circuitable by means of a further semiconductor component as a function of boundary values of current and voltage. In this way the switching arrangement offers multiply redundant safety.
Moreover, a fuse can be connected in the primary circuit of the transformer, which switches off the switching arrangement if there are inadmissible current values.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the single figure of the accompanying drawing, which shows one example of an arrangement according to the invention, connected to a rectifier.
The switching arrangement shown in the Figure is based on a rectifier 1, whose output voltage is smoothed by a capacitor 2, and meets category "ia".
The current circuit is closed via a fuse 3, the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 and a controllable semi-conductor component 6, for exam ple a triac or a switching transistor. These components form a switching regulator. The secondary winding 7 of the transformer 5 supplies the loads to be connected to the output terminals 10 and 11 after rectification by a diode 12 and smoothing by a capacitor 13 via a series regulator 14. Regulating signals can be supplied to the controllable semiconductor component 6 as a function of current and voltage values in the secondary circuit of the transformer 5 via suitable coupling devices 15 and 16, for example opto-couplers.This takes place, on the one hand, via a signal amplifier 17 which converts the voltage appearing at the smoothing capacitor 13 into a regulating signal which is supplied via the coupling device 15 to the controllable semiconductor component 6. On the other hand, in respect of current, an output signal is supplied to the semiconductor component 6 via the coupling device 16 by a further signal amplifier 20, and by means of a signal amplifier 27 an output signal is supplied via the coupling device 15. A further signal amplifier 21 for voltage values and a further signal amplifier 22 for current values influence the series regulator 14.
Also, the aforementioned signal amplifier 22 controls the reference voltage of the signal amplifier 17 as a function of current so that, when an over-current occurs, the voltage at the smoothing capacitor 13 is reduced via the semi-conductor component 6.
In parallel with the output terminals 10 and 11 there is a further controllable semiconductor component 23 whose control electrode 24 may be acted upon with a triggering voltage by means of threshold value diodes 25 and 26 following inadmissible voltage values and by means of the signal amplifiers 20 and 21 following inadmissible current values.
The circuit diagram contains a number of diodes which do not have reference numerals and the purpose of which is only to decouple the outputs of the signal amplifiers in a known manner.
The circuit arrangement described has multiple safety devices whereby the conditions for intrinsic safety are maintained. The semiconductor component connected in series with the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 is controllable as a function of current and voltage values and is connected so that the intrinsic safety cannot be impaired if it is damaged. A further safety measure for maintaining the permissible values for current and voltage is additionally provided by the controllable semiconductor component 23 between the output terminals 10 and 11. Also, the switching arrangement can be put out of operation when the fuse 3 responds, if for any reason the current rises to inadmissible levels in the primary circuit of the transformer 5. Also, the switching regulator, operated as a blocking transformer, is not capable of inducing inadmissible energy in the secondary circuit.
1. A switching arrangement for a current supply device with limitation of current and voltage so that, in normal operation, no ignition spark can be produced if a single fault or any combination of two faults occurs, the arrangement including a semiconductor component which is connected in the primary circuit of an output transformer, supplied in use with direct current, of a switching regulator and can be controlled as a function of regulating signals for current and voltage values.
2. A switching arrangement according to claim 1,
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (4)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION A switching arrangemenent for a current supply device Intrinsically safe current supply devices, such as those required, for example, in electrical installations for underground mining or explosion-proof electrical installations, have to be constructed according to accepted specifications so that the power they emit is not sufficient to produce sparks which could cause ignitions. A European Standard Specification (50020, August 1976) also includes a classification of intrinsically safe operating means for various safety requirements by means of the designations "ia" and "ib". Accordingly, operating means of category "ia" should not be able to cause an ignition spark in normal operation following a single fault or any combination of two faults, with a safety factor of 1.5 during normal operation with one fault and with a safety factor of 1.0 with two faults. Current limiting with the aid of semiconductors is not safe with operating means in this category, because ignition sparks as a result of the failure or destruction of semiconductors cannot be excluded. According to the present invention, there is provided a switching arrangement for a current supply device with limitation of current and voltage so that, in normal operation, no ignition spark can be produced if a single fault or any combination of two faults occurs, the arrangement including a semiconductor component which is connected in the primary circuit of an output transformer, supplied in use with direct current, of a switching regulator and can be controlled as a function of regulating signals for current and voltage values. Aseries regulator may be connected afterthe switching regulator and load terminals of the switching arrangement may be short-circuitable by means of a further semiconductor component as a function of boundary values of current and voltage. In this way the switching arrangement offers multiply redundant safety. Moreover, a fuse can be connected in the primary circuit of the transformer, which switches off the switching arrangement if there are inadmissible current values. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the single figure of the accompanying drawing, which shows one example of an arrangement according to the invention, connected to a rectifier. The switching arrangement shown in the Figure is based on a rectifier 1, whose output voltage is smoothed by a capacitor 2, and meets category "ia". The current circuit is closed via a fuse 3, the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 and a controllable semi-conductor component 6, for exam ple a triac or a switching transistor. These components form a switching regulator. The secondary winding 7 of the transformer 5 supplies the loads to be connected to the output terminals 10 and 11 after rectification by a diode 12 and smoothing by a capacitor 13 via a series regulator 14. Regulating signals can be supplied to the controllable semiconductor component 6 as a function of current and voltage values in the secondary circuit of the transformer 5 via suitable coupling devices 15 and 16, for example opto-couplers.This takes place, on the one hand, via a signal amplifier 17 which converts the voltage appearing at the smoothing capacitor 13 into a regulating signal which is supplied via the coupling device 15 to the controllable semiconductor component 6. On the other hand, in respect of current, an output signal is supplied to the semiconductor component 6 via the coupling device 16 by a further signal amplifier 20, and by means of a signal amplifier 27 an output signal is supplied via the coupling device 15. A further signal amplifier 21 for voltage values and a further signal amplifier 22 for current values influence the series regulator 14. Also, the aforementioned signal amplifier 22 controls the reference voltage of the signal amplifier 17 as a function of current so that, when an over-current occurs, the voltage at the smoothing capacitor 13 is reduced via the semi-conductor component 6. In parallel with the output terminals 10 and 11 there is a further controllable semiconductor component 23 whose control electrode 24 may be acted upon with a triggering voltage by means of threshold value diodes 25 and 26 following inadmissible voltage values and by means of the signal amplifiers 20 and 21 following inadmissible current values. The circuit diagram contains a number of diodes which do not have reference numerals and the purpose of which is only to decouple the outputs of the signal amplifiers in a known manner. The circuit arrangement described has multiple safety devices whereby the conditions for intrinsic safety are maintained. The semiconductor component connected in series with the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 is controllable as a function of current and voltage values and is connected so that the intrinsic safety cannot be impaired if it is damaged. A further safety measure for maintaining the permissible values for current and voltage is additionally provided by the controllable semiconductor component 23 between the output terminals 10 and 11. Also, the switching arrangement can be put out of operation when the fuse 3 responds, if for any reason the current rises to inadmissible levels in the primary circuit of the transformer 5. Also, the switching regulator, operated as a blocking transformer, is not capable of inducing inadmissible energy in the secondary circuit. CLAIMS
1. A switching arrangement for a current supply device with limitation of current and voltage so that, in normal operation, no ignition spark can be produced if a single fault or any combination of two faults occurs, the arrangement including a semiconductor component which is connected in the primary circuit of an output transformer, supplied in use with direct current, of a switching regulator and can be controlled as a function of regulating signals for current and voltage values.
2. A switching arrangement according to claim 1, wherein a series regulator is connected after the switching regulator and load terminals of the switching arrangement may be short circuited by a further semiconductor component as a function of boundaryvalues of current and voltage.
3. A switching arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a fuse is connected in the primary circuit of the transformer of the switching regulator.
4. Aswitching arrangementfora current supply device, substantially as herein described with refer ence to the single figure of the accompanying drawing.
GB7933255A 1978-09-29 1979-09-26 Power supplies Withdrawn GB2031623A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782843093 DE2843093A1 (en) 1978-09-29 1978-09-29 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR AN INTRINSICALLY SAFE POWER SUPPLY DEVICE

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB2031623A true GB2031623A (en) 1980-04-23

Family

ID=6051270

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB7933255A Withdrawn GB2031623A (en) 1978-09-29 1979-09-26 Power supplies

Country Status (5)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5547517A (en)
BE (1) BE879011A (en)
DE (1) DE2843093A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2437721A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2031623A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0082105A1 (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Intrinsic safety power supply with a controlled semiconductor disposed in the primary circuit of a transformer
GB2131209A (en) * 1982-11-02 1984-06-13 Newton Derby Ltd Switch mode power supply
FR2585897A1 (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-06 Loire Electronique SAFETY CIRCUITS FOR CUT-OUT POWER SUPPLY
GB2265028A (en) * 1992-03-09 1993-09-15 Desmond Wheable Generating constant ac voltage or current

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5530275A (en) * 1978-08-25 1980-03-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Speaker
DE2937298C2 (en) * 1979-09-12 1985-01-17 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Circuit arrangement for an intrinsically safe direct current supply
DE3322278A1 (en) * 1983-06-16 1984-12-20 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Circuit arrangement for regulating the output voltage of a power supply apparatus
DE4121634A1 (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-02-13 Promos Electronic Gmbh POWER SUPPLY FOR INTRINSICALLY SAFE CIRCUITS

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0082105A1 (en) * 1981-12-16 1983-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Intrinsic safety power supply with a controlled semiconductor disposed in the primary circuit of a transformer
US4646219A (en) * 1981-12-16 1987-02-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Intrinsically safe power supply with a current regulator
GB2131209A (en) * 1982-11-02 1984-06-13 Newton Derby Ltd Switch mode power supply
FR2585897A1 (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-06 Loire Electronique SAFETY CIRCUITS FOR CUT-OUT POWER SUPPLY
EP0211765A1 (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-25 Societe Electronique De La Region Pays De Loire Security circuits for a switching regulator power supply
GB2265028A (en) * 1992-03-09 1993-09-15 Desmond Wheable Generating constant ac voltage or current
GB2265028B (en) * 1992-03-09 1996-05-01 Desmond Wheable A novel method of generating constant alternating voltage or current supply

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5547517A (en) 1980-04-04
DE2843093A1 (en) 1980-04-03
FR2437721A1 (en) 1980-04-25
FR2437721B3 (en) 1981-07-17
BE879011A (en) 1980-01-16

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)