FR3120013A1 - LAMINATED VEHICLE GLAZING AND DEVICE WITH ASSOCIATED NEAR INFRARED VISION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a laminated vehicle glazing (100) with a first extra-clear glass sheet (exterior glazing), a lamination spacer and a second glass sheet (interior glazing) with a through hole in this second sheet including a polymer part . The invention also relates to such glazing with an infrared vision system. Figure 1

Description

LAMINATED VEHICLE GLAZING AND DEVICE WITH ASSOCIATED NEAR INFRARED VISION SYSTEM

The invention relates to a laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in a vehicle, in particular a road vehicle, a train in association with a near infrared vision system. The invention also describes a device combining said glazing and the vision system.

Glazing for autonomous vehicles and the associated technology are constantly evolving, in particular to improve safety.

Remote sensing by laser or LIDAR, acronym for the English expression "light detection and ranging" or "laser detection and ranging" (or in French "detection and estimation of the distance by light" or "by laser") is usable in autonomous vehicles at the headlights.

More recently, patent application WO20180153012 proposes placing a LIDAR operating in the near infrared between 750 nm and 1050 nm behind the laminated windshield comprising two sheets of extra-clear glass and an infrared filter.

The performance of this vision device (glazing associated with LIDAR) can be improved.

To do this, the present invention relates to a laminated (and / or curved) glazing of a vehicle, in particular road (car, truck, public transport: bus, car, etc.) or rail (in particular at a maximum speed of at most 90 km /h or at most 70km/h, in particular metros, trams), in particular curved, in particular a windshield, or even a rear window, or even a side glazing, of thickness E1 given for example subcentimetric in particular d at most 5mm for a road vehicle windshield, glazing comprising:

- a first sheet of glass, in particular curved, intended to be the exterior glazing, with a first external main face F1 and a second internal main face F2 oriented towards the passenger compartment, if a motor vehicle preferably has a thickness of at most 4 mm , and even at most 3mm or 2.5mm, - in particular 2.1mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and preferably at least 0.7mm or 1mm

- a lamination insert (single or multi-layer), optionally neutral, clear, extra-clear or tinted, in particular gray or green, in polymer material, preferably thermoplastic and better still in polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably if a road vehicle is at least thick plus 1.8mm, better still at most 1.2mm and even at most 0.9mm (and better still at least 0.3mm and even at least 0.6mm), the lamination insert optionally being acoustic and/or optionally having a cross-section decreasing in the shape of a wedge from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield) for a head-up display (HUD for Head Up Display in English), lamination insert with a main face Fa oriented towards F2 and with a main face Fb opposite to Fa

- a second sheet of glass intended to be the interior glazing, preferably curved and in particular tinted, with a third main face F3 on the F2 side and a fourth internal main face F4 oriented towards the passenger compartment, if road vehicle of thickness preferably lower than that of the first glazing, even by at most 3mm or 2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - or even by at most 1.3mm, and preferably by at least 0.7 mm, the thickness of the first and second glass sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even 3.7 mm.

The second sheet of glass, in particular based on silica, soda lime, preferably soda lime, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, preferably has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe ₂ O ₃ ) of at least 0.4 % and preferably at most 1.5%.

The first sheet of glass, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silico-soda-lime, or aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe ₂ O ₃ ) of at most 0.05% (500ppm ), preferably at most 0.03% (300ppm) and at most 0.015% (150ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox of the first glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

In other words, preferably the first sheet of glass in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silico-soda-lime, or aluminosilicate, or borosilicate has a

The glazing according to the invention further comprises:

- a through hole in the thickness of the second glass sheet, the through hole being (of size) centimeter (according to the surface of the second glass sheet), hole delimited by a wall, hole delimited by a wall, closed hole or emerging (notch) (on a longitudinal edge in particular),

• in the through-hole and possibly under the through-hole (under face F3) and/or (on) flush with face F4, a part made of polymer material (preferably at least 90% or even 95% or 100% by weight of polymer , optionally loaded with organic or inorganic additives or reinforced with organic or inorganic fibers) transparent at least to a so-called working wavelength in the infrared in a range ranging from 800nm to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905±30nm and/or 1550±30nm.

The part according to the invention has:

• a main so-called bonding surface, in particular bare or coated with a functional layer,
• and a main surface called the inner surface opposite the connecting surface, the inner surface comprising an antireflection element at the said working wavelength,

The part according to the invention is at least 0.3 mm thick and better still at least 0.7 mm and preferably at most 3 mm, in particular a part of size (width and/or area) less than the through-hole , part with a slice in contact with or spaced from the wall delimiting the through hole by at most 5mm, preferably spaced apart and by a distance of at most 2mm and even ranging from 0.3 to 2mm.

The glazing comprises a polymer bonding means, glue or a thermoplastic film (sheet), transparent at least to said so-called working wavelength in the infrared, bonding means separate from said polymer material and in particular separate from said interlayer material thickness of at most 1.5 mm and better still at most 1 mm or 500 μm.

The connecting means, preferably thermoplastic film, in adhesive contact with the face Fb, or, when the lamination insert has a through-hole in the insert in line with said through-hole in the second sheet, the connecting means, glue or film, in adhesive contact with face F2 or a functional element (preferably functional coating) of submillimeter thickness and even at most 200 nm on face F2.

Said functional coating in particular has a first zone opposite the through hole, the functional coating is transparent to said so-called working wavelength in the first zone, in particular is camouflage coating.

In particular, the through hole opens onto said edge or said upper longitudinal edge or is closed (surrounded by the glass wall of the second sheet) in particular close to the upper longitudinal edge.

Thus according to the invention, to achieve a high level of transmission, the laminated glazing is selected:

1) an extra-clear outer lens in the targeted near infrared,

2) an inner glass that is more absorbent in the targeted near infrared than the outer glass and necessarily hollow

This solution is more efficient than that based on two solid extra-clear glasses.

In addition, by avoiding the use of a second extra-clear glass, it improves comfort (heat in the vehicle), aesthetics and is more economical.

Iron oxide, present as an impurity in most natural raw materials used in glassware (sand, feldspar, limestone, dolomite, etc.), absorbs both in the visible and near ultraviolet range (absorption due to ferric ion Fe ³⁺ ) and especially in the visible and near infrared range (absorption due to the ferrous ion Fe ²⁺ ) this is why the iron oxide is reduced in the first sheet of glass.

In the second sheet of glass, it is therefore possible to choose a higher iron oxide content.

Furthermore, to improve safety, this part according to the invention is added in the through hole which, in order not to penalize the efficiency of the LIDAR, is made of polymer material transparent to the working wavelength and thanks to the antireflection element with a particularly high transmission. The anti-reflective element can be an anti-reflective coating or the interior surface which is textured (surface treatment, etc.) in particular nanotextured.

Preferably, facing said through hole, the glazing comprising the first glass sheet, the lamination insert, the part with said anti-reflective element (anti-reflective coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least 90.0%, 91.0%, or even 92.0% or 93.0% at the working wavelength in particular 905±30nm and/or 1550±30nm in particular measured at normal (90°) or even preferably also at 60 ° or even up to 60° with respect to the (local) plane of the room, for example on the anti-reflective element side.

The total transmission in the infrared is measured for example with a spectrophotometer such as the lamba 900 from Perkin Elmer.

Naturally, in one embodiment, if a multispectral vision system is used (in the near infrared and in the visible), it may also be desired that, facing said through hole, the glazing comprising the first sheet of glass, the spacer of lamination, the part with said antireflection element (antireflection coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least at least 90%, 91%, or even 92% at another working wavelength in the visible in particular between 400 nm and 700 nm in particular measured normal or even preferably from 90° up to 60° with respect to the local plane of the part, for example on the side of the antireflection element.

Preferably, before mounting, the part with said anti-reflective element (anti-reflective coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least 91.0%, 92.0%, or even 93.0% or 95% at the length of working wave in particular 905±30nm and/or 1550±30nm in particular measured at normal (90°) or even preferably also at 60° or even up to 60° with respect to the (local) plane of the part for example on the antireflection element side and even if a multispectral vision system is used, the part with said antireflection element (antireflection coating or textured surface) has a total transmission of at least 91%, 92%, or even 93% at another length working wave in the visible in particular between 400 nm and 700 nm in particular measured normal or even preferably from 90° up to 60° with respect to the plane of the part, for example on the side of the antireflection element.

To quantify the transmission of glass in the visible range, a light transmission factor is often defined, called light transmission, often abbreviated "T _L ", calculated between 380 and 780 nm and reduced to a glass thickness of 3.2 mm. or 4 mm, according to the ISO 9050:2003 standard, therefore taking into consideration the illuminant D65 as defined by the ISO/CIE 10526 standard and the CIE 1931 colorimetric reference observer as defined by the ISO/CIE 10527 standard .

Naturally, the light transmission T _L of the laminated glazing in a zone without a hole (central zone of the windshield) is preferably at least 70% or 75%, 80% or 85%, 88%.

The invention is particularly suitable for glazing (windshield, bezel, etc.) for autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles: level L2+, L3, L4 and L5 (“full” autonomous) as well as vehicles of the Robot Taxi and shuttle type (Shuttle) etc.

The angle of the glazing, in particular a windshield of a road vehicle, can typically be between 21° and 36° relative to the ground and on average 30°.

Preferably, the antireflection element comprises, or even consists of, an antireflection coating on the interior surface.

Specifically,

- the antireflection coating may comprise, or even consist of, a stack of thin dielectric layers (of oxide and/or metal or silicon nitrides for example) alternating high and low refractive index at the working wavelength, in particular a stack obtained by physical vapor deposition called PVD.

- or the antireflection coating may comprise, or even consist of, a porous silica layer, in particular a nanoporous silica gel sol layer.

The anti-reflective coating can also include an overcoat if it does not alter the anti-reflective properties.

The antireflection coating in particular of porous silica according to the invention may have a thickness advantageously comprised between 10 nm and 10 μm (these limit values being included), in particular 50 nm and 1 μm and even more preferentially between 70 and 500 nm.

In a first embodiment of porous silica, the pores are the interstices of a non-compact stack of nanometric balls, in particular of silica, this layer being described for example in the document US20040258929.

In a second embodiment of porous silica, the porous layer is obtained by depositing a condensed silica sol (silica oligomers) and densified by NH3 type vapours, this layer being described for example in document WO2005049757.

In a third embodiment of porous silica, the porous layer can also be of the sol-gel type as described in document EP1329433. The porous layer can also be obtained with other known pore-forming agents: micelles of cationic surfactant molecules in solution and, optionally, in hydrolyzed form, or anionic or nonionic surfactants, or amphiphilic molecules, for example block copolymers.

In a fourth embodiment of porous silica, the porous layer can also be of the sol-gel type.

The porous (or nanoporous) silica layer may have closed pores of at least 20nm, 50nm or 80nm possibly with pores having an increasing concentration towards the free surface.

The pores may have an elongated shape, in particular rice grain. Even more preferentially, the pores can have a substantially spherical or oval shape. It is preferred that the majority of the closed pores, indeed at least 80% of them, have a substantially identical given shape, in particular elongated, substantially spherical or oval.

Porous silica can be doped, for example, to further improve its hydrolytic behavior in the case of applications where good resistance is necessary (facades, exteriors, etc.). The doping elements can preferably be chosen from Al, Zr, B, Sn, Zn. The dopant is introduced to replace the Si atoms in a molar percentage which can preferably reach 10%, even more preferably up to 5%.

The anti-reflective coating, in particular porous silica layer (sol gel), may comprise a chemical protection sub-layer, in particular with a thickness of at most 200 nm, for example, in particular a layer of dense silica, by sol gel surmounted by a functional sol gel layer. porous silica.

The underlayer can be based on silica or on at least partially oxidized derivatives of silicon chosen from silicon dioxide, substoichiometric silicon oxides, oxycarbide, oxynitride or oxycarbonitride of silicon.

The undercoat is useful when the underlying surface is soda lime glass as it acts as an alkali barrier.

This sub-layer therefore advantageously comprises Si, O, optionally carbon and nitrogen. But it can also comprise minority materials with respect to silicon, for example metals such as Al, Zn or Zr. The underlayer can be deposited by sol-gel or by pyrolysis, in particular by gas phase pyrolysis (CVD). This last technique makes it possible to obtain layers of SiO _x C _y or of SiO ₂ quite easily, in particular by deposition directly on the ribbon of float glass in the case of glass substrates. But it is also possible to carry out the deposition by a vacuum technique, for example by sputtering from an Si target (optionally doped) or from a silicon suboxide target (in a reactive oxidizing and/or nitriding atmosphere for example). This underlayer preferably has a thickness of at least 5 nm, in particular a thickness comprised between 10 nm and 200 nm, for example between 80 nm and 120 nm.

It is also possible to put an antireflection element (antireflection coating or textured surface) also on face F1.

The face F1 may further comprise a functional layer: hydrophobic etc.

The part can be spaced from the wall by a distance of at least 0.3mm and at most 3mm.

We prefer that the room be spaced out (empty or filled space) but not too much to keep its safety function.

The piece can be curved (convex) following the curvature of the first sheet of glass.

This part can be curved by molding.

In one embodiment, this part is flexible, is curved following the curvature of the first sheet of glass, for example during assembly before lamination (and after bending of the first and second sheets of glass).

Before lamination (before assembly) the part may have undergone a heat treatment (at a lower temperature than during the bending of the glass sheets) to form an anti-reflective coating. For example, it is a coating (precursor of silica sol gel with pore-forming agent) which is heat-treated (to eliminate the pore-forming agent) to have the anti-reflective function, for example to form nanopores.

The bonding surface can be bare and in (direct) adhesive contact with the face Fb (full or partial perforated interlayer, mono or multi-layer, preferably PVB) or the bonding means

The bonding surface may be coated and the coating is in (direct) adhesive contact with the face Fb (full or partial perforated interlayer, mono or multilayer, preferably PVB) or the bonding means.

At least a fraction of the part thickness (e.g. at least 0.3mm) is in the through hole and even the part thickness is in the through hole.

The connecting surface is preferably flush with face F3 (in particular lamination spacer with partial hole or locally reduced thickness) or flush with face F3 or superflush with face F3 (in the hole), by an extra thickness of spacer via the binding film here in the material of the interlayer added before lamination etc. And/or the inner surface being under flush (in the through hole), flush or over flush with face F4.

The piece is polymer. Preferably, it comprises at least 90% or 95 or 99% or 100% by weight of polymer material. The part must be an extruded, injection molded part. The part can be made by RIM (“Reaction Injection Molding”).

The part according to the invention can adapt to the curvature of the first sheet, in particular be flexible (flexible or semi-flexible) or can be rigid, can be flat or preformed curved.

The part can be based on polyester, in particular a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), poly(acrylic acid), polycarbonate polyacrylate (PC), a polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene), polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide, polyimide, or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) or even fluorinated polymer such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluorethylene (PCTFE), chlorotrifluorethylene ethylene (ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers (FEP).

The part, in particular of at least 1mm and/or at least 50% or 80% of the thickness of the second sheet of glass, can be in particular polycarbonate PC, polymethyl methacrylate PMMA or even polyester in particular polyterephthalate of ethylene PET.

The part, in particular PMMA, may include an adhesion primer on the face side F2. And/or face F2 (without functional coating or on the functional coating) may include an adhesion primer, mono, bi or tri-component, for example based on polyurethane, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, isocyanate, etc., 5 at 30 µm

The adhesive can be an adhesive (organic resin, polymer) in particular pressure-sensitive PSA or hot-melt (for example deposit by liquid route or double-sided tape, with a thickness of 1 to 50 μm) or thermosetting. The glue can be a thermoplastic adhesive.

There are several types of adhesives. Thermofusible adhesives (hotmelt) that must be melted and which stick when they harden, thermosets which harden when their components react (under ultraviolet light, in particular crosslinking, etc.) or when a solvent evaporates, pressure-sensitive adhesives PSA which stick immediately, by simple contact.

Hot melt glue or HMA (hotmelt adhesive in English) can be based on thermoplastic polymers (polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyamides and especially copolymers of the EVA type or polyolefin elastomers or POE in English).

Thermosetting glue can be silicone or acrylic based. The glue can be of the optical glue type (OCA or optical clear adhesive in English).

According to the invention, the PSA glue can be for example of a thickness of at most 50 μm (adhesive tape type) in particular of at most 20 μm if deposited by liquid veil.

The glue (non-adhesive) can for example be a gel, in particular a hydrogel based on polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polysaccharide, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, silicone.

The glue can even be a pressure-sensitive adhesive. A pressure-sensitive adhesive, abbreviated as PSA and commonly referred to as a self-adhesive, is an adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to it so as to bond the adhesive to the surface to be bonded. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in automotive trim, and in a wide variety of other products.

As the name "pressure sensitive" suggests, the degree of bond between a given surface and the self-adhesive binder is influenced by the amount of pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface. Other factors also come into play and are important for good adhesion such as softness, surface energy, and the removal of contaminants.

The glue can be a sheet of PSA pressure-sensitive adhesive.

PSAs are generally designed to form a bond and maintain it at room temperature. Those skilled in the art will take care to choose a self-adhesive adhesive formulation adapted to the conditions of its use. In fact, PSAs generally see their adhesion reduce or disappear at low temperature and see their ability to withstand shear reduced at high temperatures.

PSAs are generally elastomer-based coupled with a suitable additional adhesive agent or “tackifying” agent (e.g. an ester resin).

The elastomers can be based on:

- acrylates, which can be sticky enough not to require an additional tackifying agent.

- nitrile

- silicone, requiring special tackifying agents such as "MQ" type silicate resins, composed of monofunctional trimethyl silane ("M") which has reacted with quadrifunctional silicon tetrachloride ("Q"), PSAs based on silicone are, for example, polydimethylsiloxane gums and resins dispersed in xylene or a mixture of xylene and toluene,

- styrene-based block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene/propylene (SEP), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymers,

- vinyl ethers.

Advantageously, the pressure-sensitive adhesive is chosen from PSAs based on acrylates and PSAs based on silicone.

PSA adhesives are marketed in the form of double-sided adhesive rolls. Silicone-based PSAs include Dow Corning® adhesives such as 2013 Adhesive, 7657 Adhesive, Q2-7735 Adhesive, Q2-7406 Adhesive, Q2-7566 Adhesive, 7355 Adhesive, 7358 Adhesive, 280A Adhesive, 282 Adhesive , 7651 Adhesive, 7652 Adhesive, 7356 Adhesive.

The thermoplastic bonding film can be a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a plasticizer-free thermoplastic or less than 15% or 5% by weight of plasticizers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polymer, such as PVB, containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizers, preferably less than 10% by weight of plasticizers and even more preferably less than 5% by weight or a polymer, such as PVB, without plasticizer.

The lamination insert may comprise a PVB, optionally having a partial insert hole, in line with the through hole or the lamination insert comprises a PVB, having an insert through hole, in line with the through hole, the means binding is a thermoplastic binding film, in particular a PVB containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizers, preferably less than 10% by weight and even better still less than 5% by weight, in particular of distinct thickness (less than) the foliation insert.

In particular, one can choose as PVB without plasticizer the product "MOWITAL LP BF" from the company KURARAY with the thickness that one wishes in particular distinct, (less than) the thickness of the interlayer.

The part and the bonding film are for example preassembled before the lamination.

The glazing according to the invention has under and/or in the through hole, preferably on the side of face F2 (rather than face F1), a selective filter absorbing in the visible and transparent to said working wavelength, spaced (and side F2) or associated with the bonding surface or the part forms said selective filter or the bonding film is a sheet which is a camouflage film.

The selective filter (forming a camouflage element) serves to hide the infrared vision system at said working wavelength such as a LIDAR from outside the vehicle without penalizing the excellent transmission at the working wavelength .

Said selective filter (camouflage coating on face F2, camouflage polymer film in particular glued on face F2) is for example local with a given surface S0 and the orthogonal projection of the surface S0 on the second sheet encompasses at least the section Sc of the through hole or at least 0.9Sc. For example S0 goes from 0.9Sc to 1.2Sc. S0 can be smaller than Sc in particular if an opaque masking layer overflows under the through hole (on the periphery).

The selective filter (camouflage coating on face F2, camouflage polymer film in particular glued on face F2) under the through-hole can be larger than the through-hole, for example to hide one or more sensors as detailed later.

The piece and the camouflage bonding film are for example pre-assembled before lamination.

Preferably, opposite said through hole, the laminated glazing (at least the assembly comprising the first glass sheet, the lamination insert, the part, the selective filter) has:

• a total transmission of at most 10.0%, 5.0%, or 1.0% or 0.5% in the visible (in particular at least at a reference value in a range of 400 to 700nm or in the whole range from 400 to 700 nm) measured at 90° or even preferably also at 60° or even up to 60° on the F1 face side, in particular the selective filter masking (significantly) the through-hole seen from the F1 face
• preferably while keeping a total transmission of at least 90.0%, 91.0%, or even 92.0% or 93% at the working wavelength in particular 905±30nm and/or 1550±30nm in particular measured at normal (90°) or even preferably also at 60° or even up to 60° relative to the (local) plane of the part, for example on the anti-reflective element side.

The part can form said selective filter, the part is thus colored in mass.

In an advantageous embodiment, the selective filter is a camouflage coating which is on the face F2 (in particular bare, without underlying coating) facing the through hole and even protruding under the face F3.

The camouflage coating is for example a solid layer or even with discontinuities for example forming a (micro or nano)grid.

The camouflage coating can be of any kind: organic or mineral, ink, varnish, (in particular a coloring layer detailed below), it can be localized at the level of said through hole or more extensive, for example to hide one or more sensors as detailed later.

The camouflage coating may protrude beyond the through hole, for example by at most 50mm or better by at most 20mm between the face F2 and the face F3 in a (glazed) zone called the border zone of said hole and have a shape different for the filter and the through hole for example.

The selective filter can be a colored polymer film (mass opaque) or with a camouflage coating glued or in adhesive contact with the face F2.

For a selective filter involving a polymer film, it is preferred that it be in adhesive contact with face F2 or with the lamination insert.

Preferably the selective filter (for example the part or the coating on the face F2 or on a polymer film) has substantially the same color (black etc) and/or optical density as the peripheral opaque masking layer (black etc). For example, the difference in optical density between the selective filter and the opaque masking layer is at most 5%, 3%, 2% and even they are of the same color.

The selective filter can be local, in the region of the through-hole (occupying a fraction of the surface of the glazing), and occupying less than 30, 10%, 5% of the glazing.

The selective filter can be of any generally rectangular or square shape, identical and even homothetic to the shape of the through-hole.

The distance between the upper longitudinal edge and the selective filter can be at most 30mm, 20mm, 15mm and even 10mm.

Preferably, under said through hole, the laminated glazing comprises:

- at most one functional polymer film (with or without coating on one or both sides) separate from the interlayer and/or the bonding film

- and/or at most two or one functional coating, in particular camouflage coating glued or on the face F2 (especially if the part is transparent in the visible).

In one embodiment, under said through hole, the laminated glazing is

- free of functional polymer film (with or without coating on one or both sides) separate from the interlayer and/or the bonding film

- and even comprises at most one functional coating, in particular camouflage coating on the face F2 (especially if the part is transparent in the visible).

The through hole is for example closed (as opposed to emerging like a cavity made in the edge of the second sheet) in particular spaced from the edge of the second sheet by at least 2cm, 5cm; 10cm or more.

The selective film filter under the through-hole may protrude beyond the through-hole, for example by at most 50mm or better still at most 20mm between face F2 and face F3 in a (glazed) zone called the border zone of said hole and to have a different shape for the selective filter and the through hole for example.

The selective filter on the F2 side and/or having a film (under the through-hole) will hide the through-hole and the LIDAR. The selective filter may extend beyond the through-hole area below face F3. Indeed, it may also be desired to cover a zone devoid of an opaque masking layer (absorbent at the working wavelength), for example a resist of this opaque masking layer or even a contiguous or neighboring zone.

The selective filter on face F2 and/or comprising a film can therefore mask in particular a zone called a camera zone provided with sensor(s), in particular a camera in the visible or in the far infrared (thermal camera). However, to do this, the selective filter has a shield (closed or emerging) in the area provided to let the light rays from the scene to be captured by the visible camera pass and/or a shield (closed or emerging) in the intended area. to allow the rays coming from the scene to be captured by the thermal camera to pass.

The selective filter on the face F2 and/or comprising a film can surround the chosen closed hole (present on the entire circumference of the closed hole) for example of a shape similar or homothetic to the hole. The selective filter can also be a simple geometric shape (rectangle etc) in which the closed hole fits.

In order not to identify the LIDAR zone, the selective filter preferably does not form an isolated (substantially) opaque zone (visible, identifiable from the face F1), adjacent to a transparent zone of the laminated glazing over all or part of its periphery. The selective filter can therefore:

- be integrated into a masking/decorative zone (like the usual one on the periphery of the glazing) provided with a saving (opening or closed)

- be adjacent to this masking area

- and/or extend under face F3 to form all or part of this decorative zone.

In one embodiment, the selective filter comprises a coloring layer made of a compound comprising a matrix (organic, polymeric, mineral or hybrid) and a coloring agent dispersed in said matrix, said coloring agent absorbing (substantially all of) the light located in said visible region and being (substantially) transparent at said working length, coloring layer forming in the zone of said hole the camouflage coating already described:

- on side F2

- or on the lamination insert on the face side FA or FB, preferably in PVB, in particular ink also comprising PVB particles

- or on a polymer film (transparent in the visible and at the working wavelength) in particular PET in adhesive contact or glued to F2, with a thickness of at most 0.3mm, or 0.15mm preferably linked to face F2.

The coloring layer can be sub-millimeter thick and even at most 20 μm.

The compound of the coloring layer can be polymeric, or organic-mineral hybrid. The polymeric compound/matrix of the coloring layer is chosen from monomers, oligomers, or polymers comprising at least one methacrylate function, epoxides, varnishes consisting of dispersed particles of PVB, latex, polyurethane or acrylate.

The coloring layer may contain any pigment or dye having an infrared transmittance higher than its visible transmittance, such as a near infrared black ink which substantially absorbs the wavelengths in the visible while transmitting those in the near infrared. For example, the coloring layer can contain dyes or inks such as Spectre™ inks, for example Spectre™ 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, or 160 (Epolin, Newark, NJ); Mimaki inks, for example Mimaki ES3, SS21, BS3, SS2, or HS (Mimaki Global, Tomi-city, Nagano, Japan); or Seiko inks, for example Seiko 1000, 1300, SG700, SG740, or VIC (Seiko Advance Ltd., Japan) or black ink IR9508 from MingBo anti Forgery Technology Co ltd

The dye layer may contain one or more black, cyan, magenta or yellow dye components

The coloring layer can include dyes or pigments or both. The coloring layer may include Lumogen® Black FK 4280 or Lumogen® Black FK 4281 (BASF, Southfield, MI).

Preferably in the coloring layer:

- the coloring agent is chosen from Sudan Black B® or Nigrosine Solvent black 5, and preferably is Sudan Black B®

- the coloring agent represents between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the layer, preferably between 0.2 and 3% by weight of the layer.

The coloring layer can be a varnish less than 30µm.

For the coloring layer, it is possible to play on the thickness of the layer or on the mass percentage of coloring agent, in particular at least from 1%, 5% to 20%, 30%.

The selective filter may comprise a colored polymer film (opaque in mass) such as PET loaded in its mass with dyes by a process of 'deep-dyeing' (dyeing) in "roll-to-roll" or roll-to-roll, in particular immersion in a hot bath with the dyes. The final dye concentration must be sufficient to provide opacity in the visible. Reference may be made to patent WO9307329 or US5162046.

It is possible on a polymer film (transparent or colored) such as PET to put a coloring layer per main face.

It is possible to combine a polymer film such as mass-tinted PET and a coloring layer on this film, remaining opposite said hole or on face F2.

Different extents can be provided for the selective filter under face F3 and in particular spaced from the part:

- the selective filter extends under face F3 beyond said through-hole, from the outside extends a masking layer or masks a resist of a peripheral masking layer,

- the selective filter extends under the face F3 beyond said through hole, in particular from the outside extends a masking layer or masks a resist of a peripheral masking layer, the selective filter has at least one opening or discontinuity local to allow the light rays to pass, in particular for at least one additional sensor, in particular a sensor of a visible camera or a thermal camera, in particular a camera fixed to a plate in front F4 with a hole in it to let said light or electromagnetic rays pass (thermal camera).

The selective filter can be defined by an L*1, a*1 b*1, defined in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space. The C1 color masking layer is also defined by an L*2, a*2 b*2 with a colorimetric difference ΔE* given by the following formula

ΔE* = √ (ΔL* ² + Δa* ² + Δb* ² ).

Preferably ΔE*<4, better ΔE*<2 (the human eye hardly discerns), even better ΔE*<1 (the human eye does not discern).

In a first configuration, the selective filter under face F3 extends (largely) beyond in an edge zone of the through-hole (therefore under the second glass sheet) to form on its own a masking element, in particular a band peripheral masking and preferably along a longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular the longitudinal edge of a windshield or even a masking frame.

In this case, the selective filter has dual functionality and can replace all or part of the opaque enamel (opposite F2 and/or F3 and/or F4) or the ink printed on the lamination spacer traditionally used.

In one embodiment, the masking layer and the selective filter are optionally in separate planes and outside the through-hole:

- they are contiguous in the sense that their edges (those in the vicinity of the through-hole) are aligned or even their main faces can partially face each other (lateral overlap of at most 50mm)

- or are staggered (the slices are staggered, without contiguity or overlap) by at most 100 µm to maintain this visual impression of a continuous opaque band (black).

In particular, the slice of the selective filter is spaced (laterally) by no more than 100 μm from the resist so as not to see the interruption of the opacity with the naked eye and the slice of the masking layer forming the edge of the resist is spaced (laterally) by no more than 500 μm from the wall of the through-hole if the extent of the selective filter is to be limited.

In the specific case where the masking layer is an ink deposited (printed) on the lamination insert (PVB), it may be preferred that the ink be spaced from the edge of said through-hole by at least 1cm to avoid delamination.

In the specific case where the masking layer is an ink deposited (printed) on the lamination insert (PVB), it may be preferred that the ink be spaced from the edge of said through-hole by at least 1cm to avoid delamination.

In particular, the selective filter is a camouflage coating on face F2 and is covered by the masking layer, in particular covering over at most 50 mm.

In particular, the selective filter is a camouflage coating on the face F2 and the masking layer is on one of the faces FA or FB, in particular covering over at most 50mm.

In particular, the selective filter is a camouflage coating on the face FA or FB is covered by the masking layer, for example an ink, in particular covering over at most 50mm

In particular, the selective filter is a camouflage coating on one of the faces FA or FB and the masking layer is on the other of the faces FA or FB, in particular covering over at most 50mm.

In particular, the selective filter is a camouflage coating on one of the faces F2, FA or FB and the masking layer is on the face F3 or F4 in particular covering (in projection) over at most 50mm.

The opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).

The masking layer can be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing.

The masking layer can be a strip framing the glazing (windshield etc.) in particular in black enamel. We therefore create a saving in this masking layer

Another masking layer can be opposite F3 or F4.

The lamination spacer may comprise a PVB, possibly comprising PVB/functional film such as polymer film with athermal coating/PVB, possibly acoustic PVB, PVB possibly having a through hole or partial spacer in line with the through hole.

The through-hole or partial insert may be wider than the through-hole (at least before lamination), in particular by no more than 5mm or 10mm.

The lamination insert may comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example a film preferably made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET carrying an athermal, electrically conductive layer, etc., for example, there is PVB/functional film/ PVB between faces F2 and F3.

The other plastic film can be between 10 and 100 µm thick. The other plastic film can be more widely in polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (CP). A clear film, in particular PET, is preferred.

It is possible to use, for example, a clear film of coated PET, for example XIR from the company Eastman, a coextruded film of PET-PMMA, for example of the SRF 3M® type, but also many other films (for example in PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC).

Without departing from the scope of the invention, the lamination insert can of course comprise several sheets of thermoplastic material of different natures, for example of different hardnesses to ensure an acoustic function, as for example described in the publication US 6132882, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses. Similarly, one of the glass sheets can be thinned compared to the thicknesses conventionally used.

The spacer can according to the invention have a wedge shape, in particular with a view to a HUD application (Head Up Display for head-up display).

As usual lamination interlayer (in stretchable sheet(s)), in addition to PVB, mention may be made of the flexible polyurethane PU used, a thermoplastic such as ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, an ionomer resin. These plastics have for example a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular 0.3 and 0.7 mm.

The space between the part and the wall can be filled in whole or in part (or not) with a filling material (organic and/or inorganic) which may be adhesive (in particular resin, in particular thermosetting, hot melt, for example two-component polyurethane, epoxy, etc. ). The thickness of this material is for example less than the thickness of the second sheet and/or of the part.

The glazing may include an insert between the wall of the through-hole and the part, in particular a closed insert if the through-hole is closed. An insert (annular, ring type etc) for example in flexible material, polymer (polycarbonate etc) can be housed, mounted on (in particular glued or in force) on the wall of the second sheet of glass:

-to serve as mechanical reinforcement,

-and/or for fixing a part or an optical module between the part and the infrared vision system (LIDAR),

this insert may extend beyond the through-hole, in particular on face F4.

The insert according to the invention is preferably spaced from the infrared vision system (LIDAR) and is not used for fixing it.

The glazing therefore comprises a communication window encompassing a (first) zone of the first sheet of glass facing said through hole.

The glazing may of course comprise another communication window. The glazing may therefore comprise another area of the first sheet of glass facing another through hole (closed or through) of the second sheet of glass delimited by another wall provided with another part (identical or similar to said piece), in polymer, transparent at least to the working wavelength in the infrared, other piece with a thickness of at least 0.3 mm, other piece with an edge in contact with or spaced from the wall of the another hole with a distance of at most 5mm and even at most 3mm. For example :

- said through-hole is open and the other through-hole is closed.

- both holes are closed.

The holes can be of similar size. The emerging or closed through-hole (and even the other hole) may have a constant or variable (transverse) section Sc, in particular trapezoidal or rectangular or disc-shaped or oval, is for example of smaller dimension (diameter or vertical) of at least 2cm, 3cm, 5cm and preferably of larger dimension (in particular horizontal) of at most 30cm or 25cm or 20cm.

For example, the through hole is facing the LIDAR receiver and the other through hole is facing the LIDAR transmitter.

The through hole (and even the other hole) is preferably in a peripheral region, preferably the upper part of the glazing (in the mounted position), and even in a peripheral central region. The through hole (and even the other hole) is in particular located in one region and occupies less than 10% or even less than 1% of the glazing. For example, the bottom edge of the through hole is no more than 50 cm from the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing.

The through hole can be:

- closed hole (surrounded by the wall of the second sheet of glass), therefore within the glazing in particular spaced from the edge of the glazing closest by at least 3cm or 5cm

- open or emerging, forming a notch (peripheral).

The shape and dimensions of the through hole (and even of the other hole) are configured according to the techniques of the art so as to efficiently and selectively collect all the radiation passing through the glazing (windshield, bezel, etc.), in particular in the case of the LIDAR those reflected coming from a range of solid angles outside the vehicle and coming from the zone in front of the vehicle which it is sought to capture via the LIDAR.

The through hole (and even the other hole) can have rounded corners.

If the through hole is a notch, part of this notch will be masked by the frame of the glazing and therefore not functional for the infrared vision system. If the hole is closed is too close to the edge it is the same.

If the through hole is closed, the edge of the through hole closest to the edge of the glazing (upper longitudinal edge preferably and in particular in a central zone) is distant from this edge of the glazing (from the second sheet) preferably at least 2cm or 3cm and better 5cm.

The through hole can be in the central zone of the upper longitudinal edge of the windscreen, the usual zone of the interior mirror (mirror adjacent to the through hole or mirror removed depending on the vehicle) zone where a layer of masking facing F2 and/or linked to the spacer is generally wider than on the adjacent side zones along the upper longitudinal edge (passenger, driver, etc.).

The through hole (and even the other hole) and is preferably longer than it is high.

Preferably, the through hole (and even the other hole) has a horizontal dimension, called length L1, (parallel to the upper longitudinal edge) and a vertical dimension of the hole, called height H1 (perpendicular to the upper longitudinal edge), the length L1 is greater than height H1

In particular, the section of the hole (and even the other hole) is a quadrilateral, in particular a rectangle or a trapezium, with:

- a first (large) longitudinal side called upper (closest to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing) of length L1a preferably at most 30cm, 20cm or 15cm or 12cm

- a second (large) longitudinal side called lower (furthest from the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing, closer to the central zone) preferably parallel to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing and of length L1b preferably d at most 35cm or 30cm or 25cm or 20cm and preferably larger than that of the first long side

- in height (between these first and second long sides) preferably at least 5cm and even at most 15cm.

If the hole is closed, the first (large) longitudinal side, preferably said to be upper, is parallel to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing and in particular spaced at least 5cm or 6cm from the edge (from the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing).

If the hole is open (notch), the first (large) longitudinal side, preferably said to be upper, is defined as the upper edge of the recessed area

A central line M passing through the middle of the upper edge is defined, which can be an axis of symmetry of the glazing. The through hole may be central so the line M passes through the through hole and divides it into two notably identical parts.

In one embodiment, the glazing comprises a heating zone (by wire(s), by layer) which occupies all or part of the surface of the glazing, conventionally made of a material transparent in the visible but not necessarily sufficiently transparent the length of Infrared working wave of the infrared vision system (LIDAR) in the range from 800nm to 1800nm, especially between 850nm and 1600nm. In particular, it is possible to have a first so-called main heating zone, extending over all or part of the glazing, possibly outside the zone in front of the through-hole and in front of said possible other through-hole.

However, it may be desired that the communication window (and the other possible communication window) be protected from frost or fog, in particular by heating.

This can be done by one or more heating metal wires located opposite the through hole or even in the vicinity or by one or more heating wires extending over all or part of the glazing. The arrangement of the wire(s) can help maintain overall transparency at the infrared working wavelength.

This can also be done by a local heating layer facing the through-hole in material transparent to the working wavelength in the infrared.

In one embodiment, the glazing according to the invention may comprise at least one metal wire (a serpentine wire for example) in particular heating connected to the interlayer of lamination, within the lamination or in particular on the face side Fb in particular anchored on the face Fb (or even side Fa, anchored on Fa) and possibly absent opposite said through-hole and said possible other through-hole.

It may be desired to avoid the heating wire(s) facing the through-hole and/or said possible other through-hole for reasons of optical distortions.

More precisely, one can have a local heating zone under and/or in said through hole, in particular spaced apart or on the connecting surface, in particular by an arrangement of tracks or wire(s) (wire(s) etc) of an electrically conductive material, in particular absorbing – arrangement to keep the overall transparency – at the working wavelength in the infrared or by a heating layer in a material transparent at the working wavelength in the infrared, in particular organic (ink , conductive polymer) or inorganic.

The local heating zone can be connected to at least two current leads which are in particular one or more flat connectors or (in the case of a heating layer) (at least two) electrically conductive bus bars (“bus” bar) intended for connection to a voltage source such that a current path for a heating current is formed between them. It is not always necessary to have bus bars in the case of heating wire(s) for which you can use a flat connector (useful for point contacts such as wires) .

The two current leads are preferably masked from the outside by an opaque masking layer (in the visible and the near infrared at the working wavelength) and/or by a selective filter (opaque in the visible and transparent in the near infrared) more towards the outside than the bus bars in particular a camouflage coating on the F2 face

The thickness of the heating layer can have a resistance per square of at most 100 or 50 or even 30 ohm/square.

The power supply can be 12V, 24V, 15V, 48V

The heating layer is for example mineral.

More generally, local bus bars are preferably masked from the outside by a masking element:

- coating and/or opaque film (in the visible and the near infrared at the working wavelength) on the face F2, like an enamel (screen-printed, etc.) or on or in the lamination insert, like an ink ( printed)

- selective filter (opaque in the visible and transparent in the near infrared at the working wavelength) preferably camouflage coating on face F2.

The local heating zone, in particular the local heating layer, can extend beyond the through-hole, for example over 30 mm at most. It can be of the same shape as the through hole, in particular homothetic (trapezoidal, etc.) or even of any other shape, for example rectangular (and trapezoidal hole). The two local busbars or flat connector(s) are then preferably all or part offset from the through-hole under face F3 and even masked from the outside as already described.

The local heating layer can be spaced from the connecting surface, in particular under the through-hole and extending under the face F3, with the two local bus bars all or part offset from the through-hole, under the face F3 and even hidden from the outside as already described. The first and second bus bars are preferably separated by at most 1 cm from the through hole.

The local heating layer can be spaced or on the connecting surface, and the two local busbars are separated by at most 30cm or even 20cm, even are lateral, in particular vertical or oblique, along the short sides of the trapezoidal through-hole.

The local heating layer can be on the connecting surface with the two local bus bars, preferably on the periphery, masked from the outside as already described by the opaque masking layer and/or by a selective filter, in particular a camouflage coating on face F2.

To do this, the opaque masking layer can then overflow under and on the periphery of the through-hole.

In the case of two through holes, there can be another separate local heating zone or a common local heating zone.

In particular, we can have:

- a possible main heating zone with at least two current leads typically in the peripheral zone of the glazing (on the same edge, on two opposite edges or even two adjacent edges of the glazing), for example by an electrically conductive heating coating (perforated on the right of the through hole)

- the local heating zone with at least two power leads or local bus bars (“omnibus” bar), first and second bus bars preferably hidden from the outside as mentioned above

Preferably the bus bars are on either side of the through hole

In one configuration, the first and second bus bars, in particular in the vicinity of the through hole, are on two opposite sides of the through hole

One or more (local) bus bars can be continuous or discontinuous in sections.

The (local) bus bars are notably rectangular strip-shaped which are (at least partly) outside the through-hole area

The width of the (local) bus bars is preferably 2mm to 30mm, particularly preferably 4mm to 20mm and in particular 10mm to 20mm.

A (local) busbar, in particular layered (printed), preferably contains at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal and/or carbon compound, in particular preferably a noble metal and, in particular, silver. For example, the printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metallic and/or carbon particles and, in particular, noble metal particles such as silver particles. The thickness of a layered (printed) bus bar may preferably be 5 μm to 40 μm, particularly preferably 8 μm to 20 μm and more particularly preferably 8 μm to 12 μm.

Alternatively, however, an electrically conductive foil, in particular a strip, for example rectangular, can be used for one or each (local) bus bar. The busbar then contains, for example, at least aluminium, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten and/or tin or alloys thereof. This sheet (strip) bus bar preferably has a thickness of 10 μm to 500 μm, particularly preferably 30 μm to 300 μm.

The foil busbar is particularly used for the heating wires bonded to the lamination interlayer.

The first bus bar is preferably (substantially) horizontal and closest to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing and the second bus bar is then preferably (substantially) horizontal, first and second bus bar on either side of the through hole.

The voltage power supply is for example by 15V or 48V.

The length of the busbars, for example equal to or longer than the sides of the through-hole facing them, is adapted as required.

It is desired to bring the bus bars as close together as possible to increase the power density in the transparent heating layer. Preferably the distance between bus bars is at most 20cm or 10cm or 6cm.

The power supply of the (first, second) bus bars can be done without connectors, wire (‘wireless’ in English) and/or with a connector (wires, flat connectors etc).

The bus bars can be lateral, i.e. to the left and to the right of the through hole along the side edges of the glazing.

The first bus bar can preferably be lateral (vertical or oblique) and the second bus bar is then preferably (substantially) lateral (vertical or oblique), first and second bus bar on either side of the through hole.

In a first configuration (with dedicated horizontal bus bars):

- the first local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a first long side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through hole, preferably long side closest to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing,

- the second local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a second long side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through-hole, bus bars on either side of the through-hole

In a second configuration (with dedicated lateral bus bars (vertical or oblique)):

- the first local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a first short side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through hole

- the second local bus bar (sheet or coating) is adjacent and even parallel to a second first short side of the trapezoidal (or rectangular) through-hole, bus bars on either side of the through-hole

In the case of a round or oval through-hole, the bus bars (substantially horizontal or lateral, common or dedicated bus bars) can be curved to follow the shape of the through-hole.

For bus bars under and/or offset from the through-hole, vertical or oblique lateral bus bars (parallel with respect to the short sides of the through-hole) may be preferred because the horizontal bus bars can generate local extra thicknesses favoring distortions.

The first local heating zone and/or global heating zone comprises for example one or a plurality of individual metallic wires, called “metallic heating wires” which connect “busbars” together. The heating current passes through these individual metal wires.

In particular, the glazing may comprise at least one first metal wire (a serpentine wire for example) in particular heating connected to the lamination spacer opposite the through hole in particular:

- side face Fb in particular anchored on the face Fb or

- within the lamination insert between a first sheet (side face F2) and second insert sheet (side face F3), sheets of equal or different thicknesses, etc.

- or even in particular on the Fa face side, in particular anchored on the Fa face

The heating metal wire(s) in particular have a thickness less than or equal to 0.1 mm, preferably copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals.

The wire or wires are advantageously very thin so as not, or only very little, to deteriorate the transparency of the glazing. Preferably, the metal wire(s) have a thickness less than or equal to 0.1 mm, in particular between 0.02 and 0.04 mm, and ideally between 0.024 mm and 0.029 mm. The metal wire or wires preferably contain copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or an alloy of at least two of these metals. The alloy may also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium or platinum.

The metal wire or wires are preferably electrically insulated.

Furthermore, the glazing may comprise on the face F2, a functional film bonded to the face F2 (for example by pressure-sensitive glue or preferably a functional coating of sub-milimetric thickness, in particular of at most 200 μm or 100 μm , functional element (functional coating) with a first zone facing the through hole, functional element (functional coating) transparent to at least the so-called working wavelength in the infrared at least in the first zone, in particular heating coating or preferably camouflage forming a selective filter (like the one mentioned above).

The functional element (functional coating) on the face F2 can be local, in the region of the through hole and occupy less than 30, 10%, 5% of the glazing.

The functional element (functional coating) on face F2 can be of any generally rectangular, square shape, identical and even homothetic to the shape of the through hole.

The functional element on face F2 can be a coating which:

- is spaced from an adjacent layer on face F2, in particular an opaque masking layer (black, enamel) with a resist in line with the through-hole,

- or covers or is under, over less than 5cm, by 1 cm, an adjacent layer on the face F2, in particular an opaque masking layer (in particular black, enamel or other) with a resist in line with the through-hole.

As already mentioned, the glazing may comprise between the face F2 and Fa, an opaque masking layer, in particular an enamel (black, etc.) on the face F2 and/or on the face Fa (in particular on Fa, an ink, in particular black, etc.), at the edge of the through hole between the face F2 and Fa, in particular in the peripheral and even central zone and preferably along the longitudinal edge of the glazing.

The masking layer is for example on face F2 and the camouflage coating is on the masking layer or under the masking layer and/or the masking layer is on face Fa and the camouflage coating on face F2 is contact with the masking layer.

The masking layer can then present a relief in line with said through-hole (at least in the central zone) and preferably protrudes by at most 50mm, 30mm or 20mm or 10mm, 7mm or 5mm into said through-hole.

This masking layer will mask the infrared vision system and/or for example its box.

A masking layer can be a layer printed on the lamination interlayer, for example on the PVB.

The opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).

The masking layer can be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing (the closest).

The masking layer can be a strip framing the glazing (windshield etc.) in particular in black enamel. A resist is therefore created in this masking layer.

Another masking layer (especially black enamel, etc.) can be on the face F3 or F4, in particular, facing the masking layer (and even of an identical nature, for example an especially black enamel).

More broadly, the glazing may therefore comprise on face F2 (or on face F3 or even on a polymer film between face F2 and F3) a functional (athermal) layer, extending over all or part of the glazing, in particular transparent electrically conductive (in the visible), possibly heating, in particular a silver stack, or even an opaque masking layer, in particular an enamel, functional layer absorbing at the working wavelength in the infrared and which is absent from said through-hole at least in the central zone and absent at the edge of the through-hole between the face F2 and Fa, in particular by means of a spare

Ledid functional coating is on the face F2, transparent to the working wavelength, is facing the through hole, in particular local heating layer (as mentioned above) or camouflage coating forming a selective filter (as mentioned above), possibly being in contact of said functional layer, in particular on or under the functional layer

The functional layer can then have a recess in line with said through-hole (at least in the central zone) and preferably which protrudes by at most 50mm, 30mm or 20mm or 10mm, 7mm or 5mm into said through-hole.

The transparent electrically conductive functional layer (solar control and/or heating) may comprise a stack of thin layers comprising at least one metallic functional layer such as silver (in F2 or preferably F3 or on a polymer film). The or each functional layer (silver) is disposed between dielectric layers.

The functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel and chromium or, or a metal alloy. The functional layers in particular preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. Functional layers can be made of metal for the metal alloy. The functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or a silver-containing alloy. The thickness of a functional layer (silver etc.) is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, more preferably from 8 nm to 25 nm. A dielectric layer contains at least one individual layer made of a dielectric material, for example, containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. The dielectric layer can however also contain a plurality of individual layers, for example, individual layers of a dielectric material, layers, smoothing layers, which correspond to blocking layers and/or so-called antireflection layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm. This layer structure is generally obtained by a succession of deposition operations which are carried out by a vacuum process such as field-supported magnetic sputtering.

The transparent electroconductive layer is a layer (monolayer or multilayer, therefore stack) preferably with a total thickness less than or equal to 2 μm, in a particularly preferred manner less than or equal to 1 μm.

Naturally, the most sought-after application is for the glazing to be a windshield of a road vehicle (car) or even a rail vehicle (at moderate speed).

For the glass of the first sheet of glass and/or of the second sheet of glass, it is preferably a glass of the silico-sodo-lime type.

The interior and/or exterior glass may have undergone a chemical or heat treatment such as hardening, annealing or tempering (for better mechanical resistance in particular) or be semi-tempered.

The glass of the first sheet of glass and/or of the second sheet of glass is preferably of the float type, that is to say likely to have been obtained by a process consisting in pouring the molten glass onto a bath of molten tin (“float” bath). The term "atmosphere" and "tin" faces means the faces that have been respectively in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with the molten tin. The tin side contains a small superficial quantity of tin having diffused into the structure of the glass.

In addition, to quantify the transmission of glass in the visible range, a light transmission factor is often defined, called light transmission, often abbreviated "T _L ", calculated between 380 and 780 nm and reduced to a glass thickness of 3 ,2mm or 4mm, according to the ISO 9050:2003 standard, therefore taking into consideration the illuminant D65 as defined by the ISO/CIE 10526 standard and the CIE 1931 colorimetric reference observer as defined by the ISO/CIE standard 10527.

Naturally, the light transmission T _L of the laminated glazing in a zone without a hole (central zone of the windshield) is preferably at least 70% or 75%, 80% or 85%, 88%.

The second sheet of glass is notably green, blue, gray. The second sheet of glass can be green with Fe ₂ O ₃ or even blue with CoO and Se or gray with Se and CoO.

Mention may in particular be made of the Applicant's glasses called TSAnx (0.5 to 0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8 to 0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron), TSA5+, by green example.

The TSA3+ (2.1mm) for example has a total transmission at 905mm of about 40% and at 1550mm of about 50%.

The second sheet of glass may have a redox being defined as being the ratio between the content by weight of FeO (ferrous iron) and the content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe ₂ O ₃ ) between 0.22 and 0 .35 or 0.30.

Said second sheet of glass may have a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:

_SiO2 64 - 75%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0 - 5%

B ₂ O ₃ 0 - 5%,

CaO2 - 15%

MgO 0 - 5%

Na ₂ O 9 - 18%

_K2O 0 - 5%

_SO3 0.1 – 0.35%

Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) at least 0.4% and even 0.4-1.5%,

Possibly Redox 0.22 - 0.3

And in particular less than 0.1% impurities.

The first sheet of glass may for example be a silico-soda-lime glass such as Diamant® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass, or Optiwhite® from Pilkington, or B270® from Schott, or Sunmax® from AGC or of another composition. described in document WO04/025334. You can also choose Planiclear® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass.

The laminated glazing according to the invention, in particular for a private car (windshield etc.) or truck, can be curved (curved) in one or more directions, in particular with for the first sheet, the second sheet a radius of curvature of 10cm to 40cm. It can be plane for buses, trains, tractors.

With ordinary natural raw materials, the total weight content of iron oxide is around 0.1% (1000 ppm). To lower the iron oxide content, particularly pure raw materials can be chosen.

In the present invention, the Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) content of the first glass sheet is preferably less than 0.015%, or even less than or equal to 0.012%, in particular 0.010%, in order to increase the near infrared transmission. glass. The Fe ₂ O ₃ content is preferably greater than or equal to 0.005%, in particular 0.008% so as not to penalize the cost of the glass too much.

To further increase the transmission of the first glass sheet in the infrared, the ferrous iron content can be reduced in favor of the ferric iron content, thus oxidizing the iron present in the glass. The aim is thus for glasses with the lowest possible "redox", ideally zero or almost zero. This number can vary between 0 and 0.9, zero redox corresponding to a totally oxidized glass.

Glasses comprising small amounts of iron oxide, in particular less than 200 ppm, or even less than 150 ppm, have a natural tendency to present high redox values, greater than 0.4, or even 0.5. This trend is probably due to a shift in iron redox equilibrium as a function of iron oxide content. The redox of the first sheet of glass is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. Too low redox indeed contribute to the reduction of the lifespan of the furnaces.

In the glasses according to the invention (first and second sheet), the silica SiO ₂ is generally kept within narrow limits for the following reasons. Above 75%, the viscosity of the glass and its ability to devitrify greatly increase, which makes it more difficult to melt and pour it onto the bath of molten tin. Below 60%, in particular 64%, the hydrolytic resistance of the glass decreases rapidly. The preferred content is between 65 and 75%, in particular between 71 and 73%.

Said first sheet of glass may have a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:

SiO2 ₆₀ - 75%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0 - 10%

B ₂ O ₃ 0 - 5%, preferably 0

CaO 5 - 15%

MgO 0 - 10%

Na ₂ O 5 - 20%

_K2O 0 - 10%

BaO 0 - 5%, preferably 0,

_SO3 0.1 – 0.4%

Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) 0 to 0.015%,

and Redox 0.1 - 0.3.

Throughout the text, percentages are percentages by weight.

The glass sheets are preferably formed by floating on a bath of tin. Other types of forming process can be used, such as drawing processes, “down-draw” process (bottom drawing process), rolling process, Fourcault process, etc.

The glass composition of the first sheet of glass may comprise, in addition to the unavoidable impurities contained in particular in the raw materials, a small proportion (up to 1%) of other constituents, for example agents aiding melting or glass refining (Cl, etc.), or even elements resulting from the dissolution of refractories used in the construction of furnaces (for example ZrO ₂ ). For the reasons already mentioned, the composition according to the invention preferably does not comprise oxides such as Sb ₂ O ₃ , As ₂ O ₃ or CeO ₂ .

The composition of the first sheet of glass preferably does not include any infrared absorber (in particular for a wavelength of between 800 and 1800 nm). In particular, the composition according to the invention preferably does not contain any of the following agents: oxides of transition elements such as CoO, CuO, Cr ₂ O ₃ , NiO, MnO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , earth oxides rare such as CeO ₂ , La ₂ O ₃ , Nd ₂ O ₃ , Er ₂ O ₃ , or coloring agents in the elementary state such as Se, Ag, Cu. Among the other agents preferably excluded are also the oxides of the following elements: Sc, Y, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu. These agents very often have a very powerful undesirable coloring effect. , occurring at very low levels, sometimes of the order of a few ppm or less (1 ppm = 0.0001%). Their presence thus greatly reduces the transmission of the glass.

Preferably, the first sheet of glass has a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:

SiO2 ₆₀ - 75%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0 - 10%

B ₂ O ₃ 0 - 5%, preferably 0

CaO 5 - 15%

MgO 0 - 10%

Na ₂ O 5 - 20%

_K2O 0 - 10%

BaO 0 - 5%, preferably 0,

_SO3 > 0.2 – 0.4%

Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) 0 to 0.015%,

And Redox 0.2 - 0.30.

The first sheet of glass may have a chemical composition which comprises the following constituents in a content varying within the weight limits defined below:

SiO2 ₆₀ - 75%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0 - 10%

B ₂ O ₃ 0 - 5%, preferably 0

CaO 5 - 15%

MgO 0 - 10%

Na ₂ O 5 - 20%

_K2O 0 - 10%

BaO 0 - 5%, preferably 0,

_SO3 0.1 – 0.4%

Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) 0 to 0.02%,

And Redox 0.15 - 0.3.

In the present invention, the Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) content is preferably less than 0.015%, or even less than or equal to 0.012%, in particular 0.010%, in order to increase the near infrared transmission of the glass. The Fe ₂ O ₃ content is preferably greater than or equal to 0.005%, in particular 0.008% so as not to penalize the cost of the glass (of the second sheet of glass) too much.

The redox is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. Too low redox indeed contribute to the reduction of the lifespan of the furnaces.

In the glasses according to the invention (first sheet, second sheet), the silica SiO ₂ is generally kept within narrow limits for the following reasons. Above 75%, the viscosity of the glass and its ability to devitrify greatly increase, which makes it more difficult to melt and pour it onto the bath of molten tin. Below 60%, in particular 64%, the hydrolytic resistance of the glass decreases rapidly. The preferred content is between 65 and 75%, in particular between 71 and 73%.

Other preferred compositions according to the invention for the first sheet of glass are reproduced below:

_SiO2 65 - 75%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0 - 3%

CaO 7 - 12%

MgO 2 - 5%

Na ₂ O 10 - 15%

_K2O 0 - 5%

_SO3 0.1 - 0.3%

Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) 0 to less than 0.015%,

And Redox 0.1 - 0.3.

Other preferred compositions according to the invention for the first sheet of glass are reproduced below:

_SiO2 65 - 75%

Al ₂ O ₃ 0 - 5%

CaO 7 - 12%

MgO 1 - 5%

Na ₂ O 10 - 15%

_K2O 0 - 5%

_SO3 0.2 - 0.4%

Fe ₂ O ₃ (total iron) 0 to less than 0.015%,

And Redox 0.1 - 0.3.

The invention also relates to a device which comprises:

- laminated glazing as described above

- an infrared vision system with a working wavelength in the infrared (or even multi-spectral, also in the visible, in particular between 500 and 600 nm), placed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing and comprising a transmitter and/or receiver, so as to send and/or receive radiation passing through the first sheet of glass at the level of the through hole.

The infrared vision system (LIDAR) can be of different technologies. It measures the vehicle surroundings by determining the distance from the nearest object to the vehicle in a wide range of angular directions. Thus the environment of the vehicle can be reconstructed in 3D. The technology used is based on the sending of a light beam, and its reception after having been diffusely reflected on an obstacle. This can be done by a rotating source, scanned by micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), or by an all-solid system. A single flash of light can also illuminate the environment globally.

For all these technologies, the light must pass through the glazing twice, going and returning, which explains the need for glazing with excellent transparency at the length of the LIDAR work.

With DOPPLER technology the speed can be measured additionally.

The infrared vision system (LIDAR) is preferably spaced from the antireflection element.

The part according to the invention is preferably spaced from the infrared vision system (LIDAR) and/or is not used for fixing it. The infrared vision system (LIDAR) can be opposite or offset from said through hole (and from the part), for example an optical system is between the part and the infrared vision system (LIDAR).

The infrared vision system (LIDAR) is for example fixed via the face F4 and/or the bodywork, the roof lining. The infrared vision system (LIDAR) can be remote.

The infrared vision system (LiDAR) is for example integrated into a multifunction plate or base capable of (designed to) optimize its positioning vis-à-vis the windscreen and the part by being glued to the face F4.

Certain advantageous but non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described below, which can of course be combined with each other if necessary. Views are not to scale.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 100a in a first embodiment of the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR. The schematizes in front view (passenger compartment side) the windshield 100a of the first embodiment of the invention.

The schematizes in front view (passenger compartment side) the windshield 100b in the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention.

The schematizes in front view (passenger compartment side) the windshield 100c in the second variant of the first embodiment of the invention.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 200 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a second embodiment of the invention. The schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of this 200 windscreen.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 300 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a third embodiment of the invention.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 400 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fourth embodiment of the invention.

The schematically shows a sectional view of a windshield 500 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fifth embodiment of the invention. The schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of this 500 windshield of the . The shows a front view (interior side) of the windshield 501 as a variant of the fifth embodiment.

The diagrams a windshield of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, 100a according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR at 905nm or 1550nm comprising a transmitter/receiver 7.

The schematizes in front view (passenger compartment side) the windshield 100a of the first embodiment of the invention.

The schematizes in front view (passenger compartment side) the windshield 100b in the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention.

The schematizes in front view (passenger compartment side) the windshield 100b in the second variant of the first embodiment of the invention.

This vision system 7 is placed behind the windshield facing an area which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield. In this zone, the infrared vision system is oriented at a certain angle with respect to the surface of the windshield (face F4 14). In particular, the transmitter/receiver 7 can be oriented directly towards the image capture zone, in a direction close to parallel to the ground, that is to say slightly inclined towards the road. In other words, the LIDAR transmitter/receiver 7 can be oriented towards the road at a low angle with a field of vision adapted to fulfill their functions.

As a variant, the receiver 7 is dissociated from the transmitter, in particular adjacent.

The windshield 100a is a curved laminated glazing comprising:

- an outer glass sheet 1, with outer face F1 and inner face F2

- and an internal glass sheet 2, for example of thickness or even 1.6 mm or even less, with outer face F3 and inner face F4 on the passenger compartment side

- the two sheets of glass being bonded to each other by an interlayer made of thermoplastic material 3 (single or multi-sheet), most often made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) preferably clear, of sub-millimeter thickness possibly having a decreasing cross-section wedge-shaped from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing, for example a PVB (RC41 from Solutia or Eastman) with a thickness of approximately 0.76mm or, as a variant if necessary, an acoustic PVB (three-layer or four-layer) for example from thickness approximately 0.81mm, for example spacer in three PVB sheets, PVB with an internal main face 31 and a main face 32.

The road vehicle windshield in particular is curved.

Conventionally and well known, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the first, second sheets of curved glass 1, 2 and the spacer 3. For example, a clear PVB of 0.76 mm is chosen.

The first sheet of glass 1, in particular based on silica, soda lime, soda lime (preferably), aluminosilicate or borosilicate, has a content by weight of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe ₂ O ₃ ) of at most 0 0.05% (500ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300ppm) and at most 0.015% (150ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The first sheet of glass may have a redox greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. In particular, we choose a 1.95mm OPTWHITE glass.

The second glass sheet 2, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably soda-calcium (like the first glass sheet), or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a content by weight of total iron oxide of at least 0.4% and preferably at most 1.5%.

Mention may in particular be made of the Applicant's glasses called TSAnx (0.5 to 0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8 to 0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron), TSA5+, by green example. For example, a 1.6mm TSA3+ glass is chosen.

According to the invention, in a peripheral central region along the upper longitudinal edge 10, the windshield 100a comprises:

- a through hole 4, here closed, of the second sheet of glass 2, hole 4 therefore delimited by a wall of the glass 401 to 404

- possibly in a variant with separate transmitter and receiver, near the through hole (which is for the receiver) another closed through hole of the second sheet of glass 2 (which is for the transmitter).

A central line M passing through the middle of the upper edge is defined, which can be an axis of symmetry of the glazing.

The through hole 4 can be central so the line M passes divides it into two identical parts.

As shown in Figures 1a and 2a (sectional view along M), the through hole is here a closed hole (surrounded by the wall of the glass sheet), therefore within the glazing in particular - of trapezoidal section - comprising:

- a first long side 401 or said upper longitudinal edge closest to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing 10-parallel to this edge- of a length of at most 20cm for example 8cm and spaced apart by at least 5cm or 6cm from slice 10

- a second long side 402 or said lower longitudinal edge (furthest from the edge of the upper longitudinal edge 10, close to the central zone) parallel to the first long side with a length of at most 25cm or 20cm and preferably greater than that of the first long side for example 14cm,

- First and second short sides 403, 404, or oblique side edges.

The height (between the long sides 401 402) is at least 5cm here 6cm.

The other hole can be the same size and shape. For example these are two horizontal holes.

As shown in Figures 2b and 2c, the through hole 4 can alternatively be a notch, for example of trapezoidal shape ( ) or rectangular ( ) therefore a through hole preferably opening on the roof side (on the upper longitudinal edge 10).

The through hole can have rounded corners ( and 2c)

The closed or emerging through hole 4 can be in another region of the windshield 100 or even in another window of the vehicle, in particular the rear window.

The windshield 100a comprises on the face F2 12 an opaque masking layer, for example black 5, such as an enamel layer or a lacquer, forming a peripheral frame of the windshield (or of the bezel) in particular along the edge upper longitudinal 10 of the glazing and in particular along the left side edge 10' of the glazing.

The outer edge 50 of the masking layer 5 closest to the edge 10 of the glazing can be spaced from 1 or 2 mm to a few cm from the edge 10 (longitudinal edge).

The opaque masking layer 5 here has a greater width in the central zone than in the other peripheral zones, on either side of the central zone. The masking layer 5 has an internal (longitudinal) edge 51 in the central zone of the windshield and an internal (longitudinal) edge 52 on either side of the central zone.

This central zone being provided with the closed hole 4 ( ) this masking layer 5 comprises:

- in line with hole 4, a first recess large enough not to interfere with the performance of the transceiver (or of the separate receiver) 7, in particular slightly lower than the through-hole 4

- if necessary, in the variant, in line with the other hole, a second saving large enough not to interfere with the performance 7 of the dissociated transmitter, in particular slightly lower than the other through hole.

The first saving here is of the same trapezoidal shape as the hole 4 with two long sides 501, 502 and two short sides 503, 504. The first saving can preferably be of the same size or smaller than the hole 4, for example the walls 501 to 504 delimiting the first recess extending by at most 50 mm or 10 mm or even 5 mm from the walls of the glass 401 to 404. Alternatively, it is a rectangle or any other shape in particular inscribed in the surface of the through-hole (trapezoidal or other).

The masking layer 4 is capable of masking the casing 8 (plastic, metal, etc.) of the LIDAR 7. The casing 8 can be glued to the face F4 14 by an adhesive 6 and to the roof 80. The casing can be fixed to a plate 8 'mounted in front F4 perforated to allow said IR rays to pass.

The windshield 100 may comprise a set of almost invisible metal wires, for example of 50 μm which are placed in or on one face of the lamination insert 3 (over the entire surface), for example the face Fb 32 side face F3, in the form of straight lines or not. These almost invisible metal wires are absent here in line with the through-hole 4.

In the through-hole and possibly under the through-hole (under the face F3) and/or superficial to the face F4, there is a part 9 made of transparent polymer material (in particular PC or PMMA) at least at the so-called wavelength of work in the infrared of the LIDAR in a range going from 800nm to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905±30nm and/or 1550±30nm,

Part 9 has a main so-called connecting surface 91, in particular bare or coated with a functional layer, and a main surface 92 called the inner surface opposite the connecting surface.

A thermoplastic bonding film 9', in particular with a low level of plasticizers or without plasticizer, has a face 91' on the F2 side in adhesive contact with the main face Fb here and a face 92' in adhesive contact with the main bonding surface 91. It is preferred a bonding film with an adhesive if all or part of the PVB 3 remains

The inner surface 92 comprising an antireflection element at said working wavelength, for example an antireflection coating of porous silica

Part 9 has a thickness of at least 0.3mm and better still at least 0.7mm and preferably at most 3mm, in particular part of size (width and/or area) less than the through hole,

Part 9 has a slice in contact with or spaced from the wall 401, 402 delimiting the through hole by at most 5mm, preferably spaced apart and by a distance of at most 2mm and even ranging from 0.3 to 2mm.

The part here is curved. The part can be flexible or preformed.

The first sheet of glass comprises, on the face F2, a camouflage coating 102, transparent at the working wavelength in the infrared and absorbing in the visible.

The camouflage covering 102 is rectangular in shape in this peripheral region (dotted on the because not visible)

The edges of the camouflage coating possibly protrude between the face F2 12 and the face Fa 31, for example by a maximum of 10mm or 5mm from the walls 401 to 404 delimiting the through hole 4. Here, the camouflage coating 102 is on the face F2 and slightly covers any masking layer 5 on face F2.

The camouflage coating 102 alternately has another shape, for example a shape homothetic to that of the section of the through-hole, therefore, for example a trapezoidal shape.

Possible variants are the following (without being exhaustive) possibly cumulative:

- the camouflage coating 102 does not protrude from the through hole and even is spaced from the edge of the through hole preferably by no more than 1cm or 5mm

- the camouflage coating 102 is spaced from the masking layer (for example which is opposite F2 in particular the enamel) or at least does not cover it.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 200 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a second embodiment of the invention. The schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of this 200 windscreen.

Only the differences with the first mode are explained below.

The lamination spacer is in two PVB sheets 33, 34. The face side sheet F3 has a spacer through-hole in line with the closed through-hole delimited by walls 301, 302, 303, 304.

The spacer hole may preferably be the same size or larger than the hole

The spacer hole here is of the same trapezoidal shape as hole 4 with two long sides 301, 302 and two short sides 303, 304.

The spacer hole can preferably be of the same size or larger than the hole 4, for example the walls 301 to 304 delimiting the spacer hole being recessed by at most 10mm or 5mm from the walls of the glass 401 to 404. Alternatively, it is a rectangle or any other shape encompassing the surface of the through hole (trapezoidal or otherwise).

The schematically shows in section a windshield 300 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a third embodiment of the invention.

Only the differences with the second mode are explained below.

The lamination spacer, possibly in two PVB sheets 33, 34, has a spacer through-hole in line with the closed through-hole delimited by walls 301, 302, 303, 304.

The spacer through-hole can preferably be the same size or larger than hole 4

The spacer through-hole here has the same trapezoidal shape as hole 4 with two long sides 301, 302 and two short sides 303, 304.

The spacer hole can preferably be of the same size or larger than the hole 4, for example the walls 301 to 304 delimiting the spacer hole being recessed by at most 10mm or 5mm from the walls of the glass 401 to 404. Alternatively, it is a rectangle or any other shape encompassing the surface of the through hole (trapezoidal or otherwise).

In a non-exemplified variant, the bonding film is replaced by an adhesive.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 400 according to the invention with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Only the differences with the third mode are explained below.

Part 9 is for example an opaque camouflage part in the visible while remaining transparent at the working wavelength. The coating 102 is removed or replaced by a functional coating, for example a local heating layer transparent to the working wavelength.

In a non-exemplified variant, the bonding film is a sheet which is a camouflage film. The part and the bonding film are for example preassembled before the lamination.

In a non-exemplified variant, the bonding film is replaced by an adhesive.

The schematically shows in section a windshield 400 according to the invention, with an infrared vision system such as a LIDAR in a fifth embodiment of the invention. The diagrams a front view (passenger compartment side) of this 400 windshield of the . The schematically shows a front view (passenger compartment side) of a windshield 401 as a variant of the fifth embodiment.

Only the differences with the third mode are explained below.

Part 9 carries a heating coating 64 of trapezoidal shape (like the part) forming a local heating zone. The heating coating is made of a material transparent to at least the so-called working wavelength in the infrared.

The horizontal longitudinal edges or long sides 641, 643 of the layer 64 are parallel to the long sides of the part 9. The short sides 642, 644 can be parallel to the short sides of the part 9.

The rectangular heating zone 64 is provided with two current leads or first and second local (dedicated) horizontal busbars 65,66 supplied with voltage 67 for example by 15V or 48V or even 12V or 24V.

In the case of a round or oval part, the substantially horizontal bus bars can be curved to follow the shape of the part.

We want to bring the bus bars as close as possible to increase the power density. Preferably the distance between bus bars is at most 20cm or 10cm or 6cm.

In , the second bus bars are lateral 65, 66 here oblique, parallel with respect to the short sides of the part 9. In the case of a round or oval part, these bus bars can be curved to follow the shape of the part.

As a variant not exemplified, the face Fb comprises a first heating metal wire, anchored to the lamination insert, facing the through hole of the second sheet of glass, the first meandering wire. The wire can also be on the Fa side or within the lamination insert.

The power supply can be adapted accordingly. A flat connector can be used in the upper area, for example between the hole and the upper longitudinal edge. The local heating zone has a plurality of heating wires, and connected to the power supply by two adjacent horizontal bus bars in the upper zone above the through hole or by a flat connector. As a variant, the local heating zone comprises a plurality of first heating wires, and connected to the power supply by first and second horizontal bus bars on either side of the through hole.

Claims (23)

Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401), in particular road or rail, in particular windscreen, rear window, in particular curved, of given thickness, comprising:
- a first sheet of glass (1) intended to be the external glazing with a first external main face F1 (11) and a second internal main face F2 (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment
- a lamination spacer (3, 33, 34) made of polymer material called spacer material with a main face Fa oriented towards F2 (31) and with a main face Fb opposite Fa (32)
- a second sheet of glass (2) intended to be the interior glazing with a third main face F3 (13) on the F2 side and a fourth internal main face F4 (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment
characterized in that the first sheet of glass (1) has a content by weight of total iron oxide of at most 0.05% and the second sheet of glass preferably has a content by weight of total iron oxide of at least 0.4%,
in that it includes:
- a through hole (4), in the thickness of the second sheet of glass, the through hole being centimetric, hole delimited by a wall (401 to 404), closed or emerging hole,
in that it comprises, in the through hole, a part (9) made of polymer material, transparent at least to a so-called working wavelength in the infrared in a range going from 800 nm to 1800 nm, part of thickness d at least 0.3mm, part with an edge in contact or spaced from the wall by a distance of at most 5mm,
the part having a main so-called connecting surface (91) oriented towards the face F2 and a main surface called the inner surface opposite the connecting surface, the inner surface (92) comprising an anti-reflective element (101) at the said length working wave,
and in that it comprises a polymer bonding means (9'), glue or a thermoplastic film, separate from said polymer material and optionally from said intermediate material, with a thickness of at most 1.5 mm, transparent at least to said so-called infrared working wavelength

• the connecting means is in adhesive contact with the face Fb (32),
• or when the lamination insert has an insert through-hole in line with said through-hole (4) of the second sheet, the connecting means is in adhesive contact with the face F2 or with a functional element, of sub-millimeter thickness, on side F2.

Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that facing said through hole (4), the first sheet of glass (1), the lamination insert (3), the part (9) with said antireflection element (101) has a total transmission of at least 90.0% at the working wavelength. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antireflection element (101) comprises an antireflection coating on the interior surface. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the antireflection coating (101) comprises a porous silica layer, in particular a nanoporous silica gel sol layer. Laminated vehicle glazing according to Claim 3, characterized in that the antireflection coating comprises a stack of dielectric layers alternating high and low refractive index at the said working wavelength. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (9) is spaced from the wall by a distance of at least 0.3mm and at most 3mm. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part (9) is made of polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bonding film (9') is a plasticizer-free thermoplastic. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bonding film (9') is a thermoplastic polyurethane, an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), a polymer, such as PVB , containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizers, preferably less than 10% by weight and even better still less than 5% by weight or a polymer, in particular PVB, without plasticizer. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamination insert comprises a PVB (3), optionally having a partial insert hole, in line with the through hole or in that the lamination insert comprises a PVB (3), having a through hole for the insert, in line with the through hole, the connecting means is a thermoplastic connecting film (9'), in particular a PVB, containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizers, preferably less than 10% by weight and even better still less than 5% by weight. Laminated vehicle glazing according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the adhesive is thermosetting or thermofusible or pressure-sensitive. Vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises under and/or in the through hole a selective filter (63, 110) absorbing in the visible and transparent to the wavelength work, spaced or associated with the connecting surface (91) or the part (9) forms the said selective filter, or the connecting film is a sheet which is a camouflage film, in particular opposite the said hole passing through the laminated glazing presenting then a total transmission of at most 10.0%, 5.0%, or 1.0% or 0.5% in the visible in particular at least at a reference value in a range of 400nm to 700nm. Laminated vehicle glazing (400) according to Claim 12, characterized in that the part (9) forms the said selective filter or the bonding film is a sheet which is a camouflage film. Laminated vehicle glazing (100 to 300) according to claim 12, characterized in that the selective filter (110) is said so-called camouflage coating on face F2 (12), facing the through-hole (4), and even protruding below face F3 (13). Laminated vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an insert between the wall of the through-hole and the part, in particular a closed insert if the through-hole is closed. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the through-hole (4) has a surface section Sc, in particular trapezoidal or rectangular or disc-shaped or oval, of smaller dimension of at least least 3cm, preferably of a larger dimension of at most 20cm. Laminated vehicle glazing (400', 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a local heating zone (64) under and/or in the said through-hole (4), spaced apart or on the surface of connection (91), in particular by an arrangement of tracks or wire(s) of an electrically conductive material, in particular absorbent material, or by a heating layer (64) of an electrically conductive material transparent to said so-called working wavelength, preferably with at least two current leads, in particular two local busbars (65,66) or flat connector(s), preferably masked from the outside. Laminated vehicle glazing (400', 401) according to Claim 17, characterized in that the heating layer (64) being spaced from the connecting surface, in particular under the through hole and extending under the face F3, possibly with the two buses local bars all or part shifted from the through hole, under face F3. Laminated vehicle glazing according to Claim 17, characterized in that the heating layer (64) is on the connecting surface (91) with two local busbars (65, 66), preferably at the periphery masked from the outside by a layer of opaque masking (5) and/or by a selective filter more outward than the bus bars, in particular a camouflage coating (102) on the face F2. Laminated vehicle glazing according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises at least one first metal wire, in particular heating wire, linked to the lamination insert, opposite the through hole. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 300) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said functional element is a functional coating (102) which has a first zone facing the through-hole (4), the functional coating transparent to the said so-called working wavelength in the first zone, in particular camouflage coating. Laminated vehicle glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises on face F2 a functional layer (5) extending over all or part of the glazing, in particular a transparent, athermal, electrically conductive layer, optionally heating, in particular a silver stack, or even opaque masking layer, in particular an enamel, functional layer absorbing at said working wavelength and:

• which is absent from said through hole at least in the central zone of said through hole and present at the edge of the through hole between face F2 and Fa,

and optionally in that said functional coating on face F2 is transparent to the working wavelength, faces the through hole being in contact with said functional layer, in particular on or under the functional layer, in particular local heating layer or camouflage coating forming a selective filter. Device characterized in that it comprises:

• said laminated glazing (100a to 401) according to one of the preceding claims
• an infrared vision system at the working wavelength in the infrared disposed in the passenger compartment behind said glazing and comprising a transmitter and/or receiver (7), so as to send and/or receive radiation passing through the first glass sheet at the through hole.