FR3009768A1 - DEVICE FOR PILOTING THE OPERATION OF A POWER CHARGE FROM INFORMATION FROM AN ELECTRIC COUNTER, METHOD AND SYSTEM THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for controlling the operation of a power load (2) belonging to a terminal electrical installation (3) of an electrical distribution network (4) as a function of at least one piece of information. interest derived from an energy meter (6) of this installation. The invention also relates to a method executed in a device for controlling the operation of at least one power load belonging to an electrical installation as a function of at least one information coming from an energy meter. The invention also relates to a system comprising an electrical energy meter capable of transmitting at least one information of interest and at least one device able to receive it to control the operation of a power load in the terminal electrical installation.

Description

- 1 - Device for controlling the operation of a power load from information from an electric meter, method and associated system Technical field The invention lies in the field of management of electrical energy networks . STATE OF THE PRIOR ART The state of the art in the management of power loads in the terminal electrical installations of an electrical network most often consists in slaving the start-up and shutdown of pricing conditions. The best known case being the servocontrol of the operation of a water-electric heater at the off-peak / peak hour rate. There are also dedicated devices called off-loaders which manage a plurality of power loads so that the cumulative power in the terminal electrical installation remains below a given limit, such a device is described for example in the patent FR2721449 . Finally, devices are also known for erasing the power loads of a terminal electrical installation to meet electrical network management needs such as that described in patent FR2947396. These technical solutions require the installation of specialized devices, known as managers. But these managers have a significant cost, they occupy space in an electrical panel often saturated by the protective devices, they increase the probability of a failure in the installation and they do not generally offer ergonomics easily understandable by mainstream users. One of the consequences is that these devices often remain in the state where the installer left them during their first installation when at least new settings may be required depending on changes in the installation. As a result, a significant part of these devices eventually become functional, possibly without the end users noticing. This invention falls within the general framework of smart grids ("smart grid" in English). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to remedy at least partially the problems mentioned above by proposing a device for controlling the operation of the power loads belonging to a terminal electrical installation from information provided by a meter. electrical energy without the need for a specialized manager (s) such as for example a load erase manager, an unloader or an energy manager.

This device can advantageously be used by the operator of a power distribution network to maintain it in an optimal operating state through the use of resources in the terminal facilities. This device is also advantageous for the end users who can, thanks to him, optimize the economic conditions of their energy consumption. Finally, when it is integrated in devices comprising at least one power load, this device is also advantageous for manufacturers of appliances such as water heaters, heating, air conditioning, cooking appliances or household electrical appliances. to offer users new functionalities, accessible directly with little or no modification of the electrical installation. There are several variants of the device according to the invention which can be implemented alone, in juxtaposition with sharing of technical means or in combination within the framework of the same device. The terminal installations in which it is intended to implement the invention belong to the so-called low-voltage part of an electrical network. It is most often to drive single-phase power loads powered by an AC voltage which is for example 230 V at a frequency of 50 Hz in Europe and 110 V at a frequency of 60 Hz in North America. It is also intended to implement the invention in three-phase terminal installations and / or to control three-phase loads where appropriate. The descriptions and examples which follow, given in the context of single-phase installations, are also valid in the case of three-phase installations. The object of the invention is to provide a device for controlling the operation of a power load in function. at least one piece of information provided by the energy meter of a terminal installation of an electrical distribution network. The device according to the invention comprises: means for receiving information from an energy meter of a terminal electrical installation; and means for extracting at least one information of interest from said information; and means for autonomously generating at least one driving instruction for the power load from the at least one information of interest; and means for controlling the functional state of the power load of an electrical apparatus according to the at least one control setpoint.

The term "power load" means a single functional entity, with or without intelligence, which comprises at least one technical resource capable of drawing significant power from the terminal electrical installation during its operating cycle.

By significant power is meant a power greater than or equal to 300W. For example, a power load within the meaning of the invention ranges from a simple heating resistor to a sophisticated device embodying intelligence such as an air conditioner or an electrical appliance. Of course, are included in the definition of the power load according to the invention, intermediate complexity devices such as convectors and electric water heaters which include some electromechanical and / or electronic components in addition to their technical power resource.

The term "means for autonomously producing at least one driving instruction" that the invention does not require the presence of another device to centrally manage the steering of a plurality of power loads, as per example energy managers, power plants, load shedders, erasing devices in known technical solutions. Recent electric energy meters include means to communicate with the information system of the distribution system operator.

"Operator" means any entity party to the operation and / or management of the electrical distribution network to which is connected the terminal electrical installation comprising at least one device according to the invention. This is to remotely record the metering data, manage the tariff conditions and if necessary to manage and act remotely on the means of cutting power to the terminal installations. Recent meters, even those that do not include means to communicate upstream with the operator's system, include means for communicating at least one way downstream with optional energy managers in the terminal electrical installation. There are many technical solutions for communicating both upstream and downstream and several technical standards depending on the country. Thus in France for example, all electronic meters are equipped with a so-called "customer information" output which is intended to be operated by optional automation in the terminal electrical installation. This output, which has been designed to be connected to the input of a centralized energy manager by wire means, continuously transmits structured composite information consisting of elementary information produced internally and / or retransmitted by the counter. This is for example a counter identification number, tariff option and intensity subscribed, information related to the current or future tariff period, warning of exceeding the power. subscribed, the instantaneous and maximum intensity absorbed by the terminal plant, the apparent power withdrawn and counting indexes. There are other equivalent means for meters to transmit information to external devices. For example those used in Germany that are based on the IEC62056-21 standard operating an infrared link, or a USB connection, a wired connection or proprietary optical etc. Power grids are becoming increasingly complex and face the dual problem of increasing energy demand and limited investment capacity in generation and distribution infrastructure. Thus a closer coupling between power grid management and demand management within the terminal facilities is desirable to increase the overall efficiency of the power distribution network. The main problem is the appearance of peak demand for energy that operators seek to reduce and / or spread over time. From this perspective, it would be advantageous to be able to control a portion of the power loads of the terminal electrical installations according to the needs of the distribution network. This is the least invasive and penalizing way for users. In state-of-the-art systems, only the total power cut to customers who do not pay their bills is planned. The latest-generation meters make it possible to limit the power that can be withdrawn in the installation, but the global nature of this limitation and the fact that it frequently generates unexpected disjunctions reduces the acceptability.

Conversely, the invention enables the power grid operator to erase power loads in the terminal installations according to his needs, without impacting the other uses or the disjunction thresholds of the installations while offering the possibility to users of derogate from it. Although the most common need is the erasure of power loads to cut a peak of the energy demand, it should be noted that the technical solutions of the invention also allow the operator to remotely control the start of operation. power loads in its customers in cases where this action is useful for the proper functioning of the electricity network. Such cases are for example a need for spot loading of the network to damp oscillatory phenomena or to reduce the frequency of the AC voltage of the network to its nominal value in case of stall. The new communication systems implemented in the latest generations of tele-operable meters, for example according to the DLMS / COSEM standards, are relatively complex, expensive and have security constraints. In addition, the counters that embark them include means for transmitting information to optional equipment of the downstream installation. Therefore, it is advantageous to use the energy meter as a first level gateway between the upstream information system of the operator and the downstream terminal electrical installation which comprises the power loads to be controlled. - 6 - The downstream network, which belongs to the customer, has different characteristics of the upstream network. It is possible for the downstream network to use simpler and cheaper technical solutions to implement. Thus, the invention provides for the implementation of a second-level gateway between the output of a counter which is dedicated to the connection of external automations and the devices according to the invention. A second-level gateway function makes it possible to use means that are better adapted to the needs of the general public to communicate with the devices according to the invention. The necessary means being simpler, more compact, less expensive and having a lower own consumption than those which are implemented in the new meters to communicate with the information system of the operator according to standards such as G3, PRIME or OFDM. Many standards can be used to transmit the information from the meter to the devices according to the invention. This directly or through a second level gateway. For example, radiofrequency communication standards such as ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4), Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), WiFi (IEEE 802.11x) and their successors are suitable for ensuring communication between the meter and the devices according to the invention. . Communication standards using carrier currents are also appropriate. The invention offers a wide latitude in the choice of the communication standard because the required useful bit rate is low, the transmission may be only one-way and have a relatively short range. The use of meshed protocols (MESH in English) is particularly preferred in that it increases the scope of the means for communicating, all other things being equal. The resulting penalty in terms of speed and latency is not binding given the small needs of the invention in this area. The use of radio frequency communication means or carrier is particularly advantageous in that it allows to disseminate devices according to the invention in the downstream installation and to evolve without changing the wiring. It is also necessary for the devices according to the invention which are included in appliances not requiring installation such as household appliances, mobile heating or air-conditioning units etc. In a particularly preferred variant embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the addition of a second-level gateway function in a device according to the invention intended mainly for controlling a power load. The choice of a device for controlling an apparatus for producing domestic hot water is wise. Indeed, the electrical circuit of the power load is always accessible separately in the electrical panel of the terminal installation and is often close to the meter. In addition, the rate of equipment in electric water heaters is high in many countries. Thus, a device according to the invention is preferred for controlling a water heater in the form of a DIN standard table modular enclosure including a second level gateway function. This device comprises a transmitter or a transmitter / receiver wireless, radiofrequency radio or wireless added by carrier (conducted radio frequencies). This has a small impact on the size and cost of the device through the sharing of the housing and internal technical means such as low voltage power supply, the microcontroller and so on. It is also envisaged variants of implementation of the invention where the power load control devices are integrated in devices comprising one or more power loads such as heating and cooling equipment with resistance or thermodynamics, the bulk appliances or electric cooking appliances. The fact of including the device in the apparatus containing at least one power load also offers the advantage of enabling smarter management of the at least one load, taking into account, for example, internal operating cycles or constraints. use. It also allows you to manage multiple levels of power in the load, to sequence the start of the at least one load over time to maintain a minimum level of service, to maintain the power of features of the device that does not 'do not involve the use of the embedded power load etc. Information from an energy meter means any information, produced within the meter, and / or if appropriate received from the upstream information system of the operator and retransmitted by the counter, which is - 8 - intended to be used wholly or partly by apparatus of the terminal electrical installation. The control of the power load must be understood as being in all or nothing, ie as being a start or stop of the power load at its maximum power, or as being a bet in intermediate functional states. The so-called intermediate functional states calling a power on the network that is non-zero and less than the maximum power of the load.

It is intended that the means for controlling the functional state of the power load controlled by the device according to the invention comprise means for switching the electrical power supply of the power load to be controlled. This is the easiest way to control external power loads without associated intelligence such as domestic hot water appliances or heaters based on the use of power resistors. However, for the implementation variants of the invention which are integrated in devices or for the control of power loads requiring the taking into account of an operating cycle, it is expected to add an appropriate interface between the electronics of the device according to the invention and the native management electronics of the power load in the device. Such an interface may for example be based on the use of one or more optocouplers or any other means for galvanically isolated uni or bidirectional communication. Naturally, it is not beyond the scope of the invention in even more preferred embodiments where the invention is fully integrated into the control electronics of an apparatus. Indeed, in a completely optimized design where the technical features of the invention are mainly implemented in the form of software in a microcontroller, without electronic components being exclusively dedicated to it if the apparatus comprises a subassembly of reception for d Other needs, the implementation of the invention is not detectable on examination of the equipment but is detected on examination of the technical and functional characteristics of the apparatus. In the case where the device comprises means for switching the power supply of the power load, it is advantageous that the load is supplied by default. This is particularly appropriate when the means for switching the power supply of the load are an electromechanical relay. In this case it will be preferred to arrange the device according to the invention so that the power load is fed by the normally closed contacts of a relay so that the power device is still powered and the service provided in case of failure of the device.

It is also intended that the means for controlling the functional state of the power load controlled by the device according to the invention comprise means for remotely controlling the operation of at least one integrated power load in a device equipped with a remote control. . These means are for example a wireless remote control transmitter whose physical layer, infrared or radiofrequency, and coding commands are arranged to control the operation of an existing device containing one or more power loads. This variant allows the device according to the invention to be implemented in the form of an optional accessory of the device to be controlled and / or to simplify the functional coupling of the device with a sophisticated external device that there is thus not to modify to implement the invention. This variant of the invention is particularly suitable for controlling air conditioners, reversible or not, which integrate natively a remote control receiver. It can also be a wired remote control such as an interface capable of controlling one or more power devices having an optional control input called "pilot wire" such as electric heaters . It can also be a wired or wireless interface between the device and a home automation system or a building management system capable of acting on the functional status of one or more power loads in the installation. electrical terminal concerned. It is envisaged that the control setpoint of the power load is developed in the device by combining one or more information of interest extracted from said information. The information from an electrical energy meter is generally a structured composite information in the form of a frame whose transmission is repeated in a loop and in which the values of the elementary information that it comprises are set consistent with each iteration. This composite information includes, for example, counting indexes, information on tariff options subscribed and information on current tariff conditions, information on the maximum intensity or power contracted, information on the intensity absorbed or on the power consumed by the terminal installation, the current time stamp which is automatically updated by the meter communication with the operator's information system, load curve points and possibly requests for deletion or starting power loads. The data that the counter communicates to the automatisms of the terminal installation have a local origin, for example when they are produced by the subset of metrology or remote when they come from the upstream information system and are retransmitted. by the meter. The invention provides for controlling the at least one power load according to a single piece of information of interest, such as the current tariff level, to reproduce by the more flexible means of the invention the enslavement of the setting. power loads at the favorable rate of electricity, possibly by excluding peak days in more than two-state tariff structures.

The invention also provides for controlling the at least one power load according to the combination of several pieces of information of interest. For example, depending on the instantaneous power withdrawn by the terminal installation and the subscribed reference power (or by combining equivalent information expressed in the form of intensity, the voltage of the electrical network being considered constant). The combination of more than two pieces of information of interest is provided, for example by switching on the power load when the tariff period is low, the difference between the power drawn off in the installation and the reference power or disjunction is sufficient to feed it and one is in a given time slot of a weekday. In addition to this conventional information from the meter that can be exploited in the context of the invention, those which, where appropriate, are associated with the local production of electrical energy if the terminal installation is equipped with means of production such as panels solar, wind turbine etc. The invention provides that the control setpoint of the power load is in fact a remote control command in connection with the management of the electrical distribution network. The effective management of an electrical network close to saturation requires the possibility for the operator to remotely control the erasure of power loads, ie their unconditional shutdown according to operating constraints. network. In some cases it may also be useful for the operator to charge the network to stabilize it by remotely controlling the start-up of power loads at the terminal facilities. Such cases are for example a stall in frequency of the alternating voltage of the network or the appearance of oscillatory phenomena which it is advantageous to damp actively to reduce the duration and / or the amplitude. The remote control commands from the operator's information system are received by the communicating meters in the terminal installations. In the ideal case, data specifically intended to represent remote control commands are present in the composite information transmitted to the automation of the terminal installation. These data specifically dedicated to the remote control of power loads of the terminal installations, and to be understood as such by the receiving devices, are updated when the counter receives remote control commands issued by the information system. the operator. However, it is noted that the standardizers in charge of the expression of the needs of the operators of the electricity distribution networks seldom provide specific data for transmitting remote controls from the upstream information system of the operators to devices 35 present in the downstream installations. For example, in their experimental version, the data coding tables transmitted by the "Linky" type meters (registered trademark of ERDF) to the customer's installation do not provide specific data for remote commands. , both in the so-called "historical" mode and the so-called "standard" enriched mode of the so-called "remote customer information" output. In the absence of specific data for the remote controls, or in addition to such data, the invention provides for the use of an information field, or several information fields in combination, which normally have another meaning in the standards. to actually encode remote control commands issued by the operator. It is intended for this purpose to use values or combinations of information field values that are valid in terms of compliance with imposed formats to be retransmitted by any meter that conforms to its specifications. It is also planned to choose values that are not used in operation and that are not likely to disturb automatisms that do not implement the invention that would receive them. which do not interfere with the normal use of information because they are not used by or because they do not make sense for devices that do not implement the invention. For example, the extreme values 0 and 99 KVA of the reference power, or 0 and 99 A of the subscribed intensity, which do not have any sense in their normal interpretation, can respectively code commands for remote control. stopping and starting the power load controlled by the device according to the invention. This if necessary in combination with other information highlighting the inconsistency for any device not implementing the invention. For example, the values 0 and 99 of the reference power or the subscribed intensity can be respectively associated with status word values indicating that the reference value has not been exceeded or exceeded.

In order to transmit remote commands from the information system of the operator to devices according to the invention for controlling power loads in the terminal installations, it is preferably provided to use alone or in combination standardized data presenting the following technical characteristics: -13- - Being able to be arranged by the operator so that any standard counter able to receive them retransmits it in a known and reproducible format by the standard means provided for the connection of automation in the terminal installation. To this end, the data layout must deceive the consistency checks and format checks that are provided for in the specifications of the meters, - Do not pose a significant problem to the automatisms able to receive the data retransmitted by the meter which do not implement the invention. It is intended to arrange the data so that any device that receives it without implementing the invention does nothing and that in the case where an action can not be avoided outside the scope of the invention, it either of minor importance or consistent with the expected effect of the remote control performed according to the invention. For example, in the context of coding the information available on the so-called "remote customer information" output, in the "standard" mode, the operator can implement the invention by transmitting to the meters of his choice in his network. information causing the retransmission by the data counter informing the customer of the beginning and the end of a mobile tip. These data being time stamped, it suffices, for example, to remain within the validity criteria of the standard while replacing the value of the real year N by N + 2 so that devices not implementing the invention and the receiver do not can not do anything about it. The devices implementing the invention which receive it and which detect the difference of two with the real year known for example by the reception of another date stamped data unmodified at the source, interpret it as being in fact an order remote control. It will be preferred, for the sake of consistency and limitation of possible undesirable effects in devices not implementing the invention, that a remote control order for stopping the power load is preferably associated mobile start-up information. Conversely, a remote control command for starting the power load will preferably be associated with a mobile end-of-peak information. Refinements are provided such as for example the differentiation of remote control commands with immediate effects on the state of the power load and remote control commands for which at least one effect on the state of the load occurs at the arrival -14- expiry of a delay. It is also intended to use information fields of the data transmitted in the information, for example the value of the day and / or month in the preceding example, to transmit to the device according to the invention a secondary instruction such that an option of the remote control or a set of duration of a delay. The invention provides that the control setpoint is furthermore elaborated as a function of at least one piece of information external to said information derived from an energy meter.

For example, it is provided that the at least one piece of information external to said piece of information coming from an energy meter is a command from the user which enables the latter to impose the functional state of his choice on the user. power, this for an indefinite period, until receipt of other information transmitted by the meter or for a period determined by the expiry of at least one timer. It is also expected that the at least one information external to said information from an energy meter is the output state of a thermostat. This variant of the invention is more particularly suitable in the case where the power load is constitutive of an electric heater or a water heater. The functional state of the power load is determined by combining the at least one information provided by the meter, for example in relation to the maximum sustainable power in the installation and / or in connection with the current tariff level and the output from an internal or external thermostat to the device. The invention provides that the at least one external information to said information from an energy meter is a time and / or calendar programming information. The functional state of the power load is determined by combining the at least one information provided by the meter, for example in relation to the maximum sustainable power in the installation and / or in connection with the current rate bracket, and the output of a time and / or calendar programmer internal or external to the device. In information systems of recent electrical networks, it is planned to set the time and date of the network clock-calendar embedded in the meters. This continuously updated timestamp information is advantageously transmitted back to the devices according to the invention when they are available. It is furthermore planned to embark a local time and / or calendar programmer function in the devices according to the invention. This programming function acts by comparison between programming information previously introduced in the device and the corresponding current information transmitted periodically by the counter. This refinement of the invention is particularly well suited to the case of electric heating points with or without thermal accumulation. Indeed, simple means embedded in the device such as a wheel with several positions, each position corresponding to a typical programming, for example day / night with undifferentiated days or with day period shifted for weekends allows to dispense with a centralized programmer while offering an improved level of comfort and a significant reduction in energy expenditure. This without having to ship a clock-calendar in the device. It is planned to use additional means such as digital tablets, smartphones, connected TVs, computers, which offer through appropriate applications a more sophisticated ergonomics, to increase the possibilities of standard programming devices. These additional standard means being rendered capable of transmitting parameterization information to the devices according to the invention, either directly or through a suitable gateway.

On-board thermal energy storage capacity, for example using mass materials such as refractory bricks or by means of phase change materials, is advantageously exploited by the device to optimize energy expenditure by combining tariff information and data. timestamp information provided by the counter. It is also planned to use the thermal inertia reinforced by a thermal storage to optimize the power management in the installation by the possible extension of the duration of delays implemented without degradation of user comfort. The invention provides that the at least one information external to said information from an energy meter is a human presence information. The management of the functional state of many power loads is optimized by the use of information from a human presence detector such as a passive infrared detector. For example, the devices according to the invention associated with electric heating points can advantageously use a human presence detection information to modify the functional state of the power load and / or the temperature setpoint of the associated thermostat in combination with at least one information provided by the meter for controlling the functional state of the power load in a more energy efficient and economical manner.

The invention provides that the at least one information external to said information from an energy meter is information related to the operating cycle of the apparatus comprising the controlled power load. The device according to the invention is all the more efficiently implemented that its operation is harmonized with that of the apparatus comprising the at least one power load that is to be controlled. Thus in the case of devices such as washing machines or dishwashers, the device executes complex operating cycles using many resources at scheduled times in the program chosen by the user. For example, the power resistance that heats the wash water, and in the case of the dishwasher, which is also used for drying, is the load that is targeted by the device according to the invention when it is set. to control this type of devices. The knowledge of the operating cycle of the device which impacts the duration and times of start of the power load and the possibility to intervene only on the state of this load, and not on the operation of the rest of the apparatus, allows steering according to the invention which is both thinner, more effective and less invasive. Indeed, there is no reason to delay the use of a washing machine for which the user would have asked for a cold wash for example or during the stages of the operating cycle or the power resistance is not not asked. In the case of a freezer, for example the piloting of the power load represented by the compressor by the device, takes advantage of the knowledge of the time distance of an imperative need to restart a production cycle. of cold at a given time and / or the duration of the cycle of operation of the compressor to reach the set temperature. The invention provides that the at least one setpoint puts the power load in a functional state determined according to the cost of the electrical energy. The device according to the invention receives the data indicating the subscribed tariff and the current rate level within the information provided by the meter. It is planned to control the power load according to the arbitration made by the user between speed in providing the expected service involving the power load and the savings made while waiting for a given tariff level. It is intended to allow the user to arbitrate between speed and savings through a simple setting proposed on the device itself or on the control panel of the device in which it is integrated. Depending on the device, it will be a different start-up command to obtain an express service, regardless of the energy cost, and for a start-up favoring savings. In the case of complex tariff structures with more than two levels, it is provided a setting by means of a physical or virtual cursor displayed on a screen having a linear or rotary movement, so that the user referee easily between an immediate service and the expectation of the price adjustment that suits him. In the most sophisticated implementations of the invention, it is intended to inform the user beforehand by displaying a time and / or projected date of start and / or end of cycle for each selectable rate level. The invention provides that the at least one setpoint puts the power load in a functional state determined according to a power limit not to be exceeded in the electrical installation. For example, in a single-phase installation, the device extracts from the information received from the meter at least one of the following information of interest: "subscribed intensity", "apparent reference power" (or possibly also "apparent power of cutoff ") and respectively -18- at least the other information of interest below:" Instantaneous Intensity "," Instantaneous apparent power withdrawn ". The device combines a pair of information of homogeneous interest by calculating the difference so as to detect the occurrence of exceeding the intensity or the subscribed power and to produce the control setpoint of the appropriate power load . In another example of implementation, the control setpoint is directly deduced from a bit information of interest extracted, if necessary, from the information received from the counter. Such binary information is for example "Subscribed Power Overrun Warning" or "Reference Power Overrun". In these two examples, the steering setpoint produced by the device is an immediate and unconditional shutdown of the piloted power load. The device also activates a delay whose expiry triggers the restarting of the controlled power load if it is expected that this load is actually started and if the comparison of the known or estimated power of the load of controlled power is less than or equal to the difference between the intensity or power contracted and the corresponding instantaneous measurement. It should be noted that in this example, the behavior of all the devices according to the invention capable of being implemented in the same terminal installation is identical in the event of exceeding subscribed power. The invention provides that the at least one setpoint puts the power load in a functional state determined according to a previously determined energy expenditure budget. The concept of budget is to be understood as being a predetermined value in relation to the energy consumption of the installation. This value can be expressed in quantity of energy consumed or in monetary unit. For example, it is necessary to set a monthly budget beyond which a heating power load is unconditionally stopped even if the thermostat gives a start-up instruction. It is also planned to change downward in terms of energy consumption the functional state of the controlled power load in case of exceeding a predetermined budget level. For example by reducing by a predetermined number of degrees the set temperature in the case of an electric heater. In a variant of the invention, at least one first set puts the power load in a determined functional state for an indefinite period, putting the power load in another functional state requiring at least a second setpoint associated with this other functional state. This variant of the invention corresponds to its implementation in a traditional context of centralized management of the electrical network. This variant involves a large number of events leading to a change of state of the power load. In a preferred variant of the invention, it is provided that at least one functional state change of the power load is consecutive to the expiry of a time delay. This variant of the invention makes it possible to drastically reduce the volume of remote commands to be transmitted in the case of centralized management of the electricity network. The durations of the timers of the invention are related to the contexts of implementation. They can be for example less than the minute when it comes to damping oscillatory phenomena. The duration of the delays can reach up to several hours, or even several days, in the context of the centralized management of the power loads in the electricity network 25 by the operator. The implementation of long delays, see very long time does not pose any technical or economic problems when it relies on programmatic means within components such as microcontrollers. Thus, it is expected that the at least one setpoint puts the power load 30 in a certain functional state, the setting of the power load in another functional state being done automatically on the expiry of a time delay. It is also envisaged that the at least one setpoint will put the power load in a certain functional state upon the expiry of a delay, the setting of the power load in another functional state being done. by at least one other instruction associated with this other functional state. It is also expected that the at least one setpoint puts the power load in a certain functional state upon the expiry of a first time delay, the setting of the power load in another functional state being automatically performed. expiry of a second delay. This variant, which aims for example a spread of the power peak that appears in the network during the transition to low pricing, called off-peak hours in France, is particularly effective and well suited to controlling power loads including maximum cycle times are known. Such appliances are for example electric water heaters, household appliances such as dishwashers, washing machines, electric ovens that have previously been set in self-cleaning mode by economic pyrolysis etc.

The invention provides that the duration of the delay is inscribed in a time grid whose number and the duration of the elementary steps are predetermined.

It is provided in a more particularly preferred embodiment of the invention that the timer comprises at least one variable portion specific to each device. In this variant of the invention, it is a question of adding a local variability within each device making it possible, for example, to spread the peak of the power call in the network at the expiry of the delays causing the reconnection of the power charges that were initiated by receiving the same remote command. The technical solutions where the variability will be the most important from one device to another will be preferred, this to introduce a temporal proliferation of the largest possible amplitude within the electrical network. The invention thus provides that the timer comprises at least one variable part calculated from a random variable. This is a means to generate local variability in order to desynchronize the instants of reconnection, and to a lesser extent the disconnection instants, of the charges within the same network to mainly reduce the risks. of disjunction. In practice, the implementation of a pseudo-random number generator by means of a simple algorithm is sufficient to obtain the desired desynchronization effect.

The invention also provides that the timer comprises at least one variable part calculated by taking into account a unique number associated with the device or the terminal installation in which it is installed. It is expected that this number is at least partly attributed to the device during its manufacture, it is also expected that the counter number forming part of the information received by the device is used in all or part in the constitution of said unique number. used in the calculation of the variable part of the delay. In a system where the communications are based on a unique object address such as IP V6, all or part of the unique address of the device is advantageously used in the calculation of the variable portion of the timer. The invention provides that the timer comprises at least one variable part calculated by taking into account a local environment variable.

This is another way to generate local variability. This environment variable can be of any kind as long as it maximizes the chances that it is different from one device to another. It can be for example a temperature, the value of an electric field etc. measured in the device.

The invention provides that the variable portion of the timer is at least partly used in the context of priority management for access to electrical power. This is a functional refinement of the invention for reconnecting power loads according to a predetermined priority level, for example as a function of characteristics of the terminal installation or in connection with the user. For example, it may be to determine priorities for access to power as part of a priority given to public services such as those related to health. The invention can also be implemented in the context of priority levels for access to power that are related to the services subscribed by the user. The priority management according to the invention can also be implemented in a differentiated manner within the same terminal installation, for example depending on the nature of the use, the priority levels being for example determined according to the inertia or the cycle of use of the controlled device and / or depending on the power of the load. It is also provided in the invention that at least one economical mode of operation is proposed by reducing the start-up time and / or by modifying the duty cycle and / or by suppressing operating cycles and / or by splitting the power charge. It is advantageous for the user to be able to adjust the capacity of a device as needed. This especially if the device is sized to meet the most important needs. Appliances such as washing machines or dishwashers natively incorporate the concept of variable capacity that is managed as part of the machine's internal operating cycle. The notions of economic operation and variable capacity are at least merged in terms of energy consumption. The invention provides a capacity for optimizing the energy demand according to the needs of users to devices that are lacking such as heating and air conditioning appliances and domestic hot water production devices. . The storage water heaters of relatively small section operating in a vertical position are particularly suitable for carrying out this refinement of the invention in that a natural piston effect is observed. In fact, the cold water that accumulates in the lower part from the point of arrival and the hot water that accumulates in the upper part up to the point of drawing hardly mixes and there is Few thermal transfers at the interface between the two water bodies that remain distinct in a wide range of capacity. Therefore it is advantageous to produce only the amount of hot water needed depending on the number of occupants of housing for example. The invention provides for adapting the volume of hot water produced without significantly altering the temperature of the water. This is to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic germs such as legionella and to change nothing at the usual setting positions of the mixers at the points of use. Another significant advantage not to interfere with the set temperature of the water heater is the simplification and savings that result in the implementation of the invention. Indeed, it does not require the use of a different thermostat, or even set differently, those that equip the traditional water heaters. The addition of a device according to the invention in the form of a technical subassembly integrated in the water heater or in the form of an external accessory is facilitated. Thus, it is intended to vary the production capacity of the apparatus and appropriately manage the operating times of the power load and / or by splitting its power. Direct adjustment of the user on the device and / or a self-adaptive process and / or information related to the occupation of premises transmitted to the device by an external means, causes the reduction of the duration of at least one time delay or the removal of power load start cycles to vary the hot water production capacity of the apparatus. For example a simple "half-load" button on the front of the device installed in the electrical panel or which is advantageously integrated into the water heater itself, allows the user to save money during periods of low occupancy without loss of ability to meet the needs of more occupants at other times. In this example, a 300 L storage water heater capable of meeting the daily needs of 5 or 6 people can be optimized to better meet the needs of 2 or 3 people by reducing, for example, the daily switch-on time of the power load at 2 hours instead of 4, this within the time range of the most economical electricity tariff tier. It is intended to achieve the same result by only starting the power load every other day or starting half a power load daily. Naturally, it is not beyond the scope of the invention to implement a capacity of adaptation to more than two states for example by offering the user a three-state adjustment means such as 100 L, 200 L and 300 L for a nominal 300 L water heater. Manual or continuous automatic adjustment means over a wider range is also provided. It is also provided in the invention that the duration of all or part of the delay leading to a change of functional state of the power charge is modified by receiving at least a second remote control command over a period of time of a predetermined duration which is counted from receipt of a first remote control command. The at least one second remote control command may be dedicated to changing the duration of all or part of the delay or it may be at least one repetition of an order identical to said first order. In this case, said first remote control command is differentiated from its repetitions intended only to modify the duration of the duration of all or part of the delay in that it is received after a period of time of a duration greater than one a predetermined value during which none of the relevant remote control commands are to be received by the device.

It is also provided in the invention to reuse the same orders as much as possible without reducing the possibilities of the system. Moreover, it is provided in particularly sophisticated implementation variants to be able to modify the value of the delays not only upwards but also downwards, with respect to a predetermined initial value. For example, the same remote control interpreted by the devices as a request to reconnect the power load to the power grid in the context of said first order can be interpreted as an incrementation order of a predetermined basic duration of the duration of the timing when received as the at least one second order. Conversely, a command interpreted as the disconnection order of the power grid as a first order can be interpreted as a decrement order of the duration of the delay when it is received as the at least one second order.

It is also expected that each time the reception of the at least one second remote control command is reinitialized, the time window during which this reception is taken into account by the device so as to make possible a modification of the duration of the all or part of the delay leading to a change in the functional state of the load over a wide range of values by means of a number of repetitions which is not limited by the duration of the initial time window. In addition, when the communication system used to transmit the remote control commands to the devices provides selective addressing capabilities, it is possible to refine the modifications of all or part of the delays of the devices in the network according to defined criteria. by the operator. Active management of device timing times is particularly effective in increasing the crushing effect of the power peak in the network. It also offers the operator additional control means without making the management of the network more complex or requiring the use of additional specific remote control commands. Indeed, the traditional centralized remote control systems prior to the "Smart Grid" generation have few controls available for uses other than those related to metering and pricing. In addition, these are remote controls addressing a large number of installations in an undifferentiated manner and therefore capable of generating spikes of high power that only the implementation of this variant of the invention allows to disaggregate. This makes it possible to obtain a spreading effect over time of the power demand of the terminal part of the electrical network. In more recent systems where there are sophisticated addressing possibilities up to the selection of a single terminal installation as a recipient of a remote control, the implementation of the invention leads to a considerable reduction. traffic and system responsiveness in that the implementation of the invention requires only the transmission of a power-shedding control of broadcast-wide power loads for a plurality of terminal facilities. Spreading the power peak without the invention would require the transmission of as many remote commands as individual installations to be selectively re-energized. It is also expected that the reception of a remote control command will restart the non-expired timers, the devices whose expiry time-out remaining insensitive to any new reception of a remote control command for a period of time. predetermined. This variant is particularly effective in its ability to spread peak power in an electrical network.

The invention provides that the device further comprises control means allowing the user to make it insensitive, at least temporarily, to any setpoint to which it would normally be sensitive and / or to impose at least one functional state on the load power.

This is to offer the technical possibility to users of devices comprising power loads controlled by a device according to the invention to derogate from the requirements of the management of the electrical network by allowing them to impose the functional state of their choice , at least temporarily. Indeed, unlike the state of the art where power loads are managed according to the pricing of electricity on a basis that must be rigorously applied installation by installation for contractual reasons, the invention is not effective for the operator only if it applies to a large number of installations. Therefore, it is important from the point of view of the operator if some users choose to remove their installation power management mechanisms according to the invention. Similarly, tolerances can be relaxed if necessary for technical and / or economic reasons in the implementation of the invention compared to the solutions dedicated to the management of the pricing in that the system as a whole is tolerant to a few episodic individual non-functioning (characteristics such as, for example, the sensitivity thresholds of the remote control receivers or their immunity to harmonic disturbances can be relaxed without any problem). However, except in the cases associated with a stopping of the power loads which may be permanent, it will be particularly preferred to implement solutions for the automatic return of the devices to the functional mode according to the invention. For example an automatic return after a maximum time in derogated mode or by the occurrence of a fixed number of appropriate instructions. The invention provides that in a particularly advantageous embodiment, said control means are arranged so that the next action of the user on the latter has the most probable expected effect in view of the state. functional device.

This is a refinement of the previous technical feature whose purpose is to improve the ergonomics of a device that is generally implemented in the form of a relatively rustic device that may have only one button and one or two LEDs to interact with the user for all of its functions.

The invention also relates to a method executed in a device for controlling the operation of at least one power load belonging to a terminal electrical installation of an electrical distribution network as a function of at least one piece of information coming from a counter. energy associated with the installation, characterized in that it comprises steps in the course of which: - At least one instruction is developed autonomously from at least one information of interest extracted from information derived from an energy meter that is received; and modifying the functional state of the piloted power load as a function of the at least one setpoint; and - the user is offered the possibility of imposing at least one functional state on the power load controlled by said device.

The term "autonomously" means that the method according to the invention does not require steps performed in a device other than said device, unlike known technical solutions that require the execution of steps in a central unit called according to the features offered energy manager, reliever, erasing device etc. "Autonomously" also means that all process steps are performed in a single device according to the given invention. In other words, if the terminal installation comprises several devices according to the invention, each of them executes the process in isolation without having to take into account or even to know the existence of the other devices.35 In some variant, it it is furthermore intended to inhibit, at least temporarily, any automatic modification of the at least one functional state after the user has imposed a functional state on the power load controlled by the device.

The method according to the invention also furthermore provides a step of desynchronizing the power demand of a power load controlled by a device. This relates to the power demand of at least one other power load controlled by at least one other device within the same terminal electrical installation and / or within the same electrical distribution network. The term "power demand" of a power load is defined as any change in the functional state of the power load leading to an increase in the power that it draws into the installation. The most trivial case is that of starting at its maximum power a previously stopped load. That being so, the invention also provides for organizing the desynchronization of any intermediate functional state change leading to a significant increase in the power drawn off in the installation by the controlled power load when it passes from a functional state of walk to another operational state of higher power. The desynchronization step is advantageously implemented using variable delay technical solutions within each device described above. The method according to the invention further comprises a step during which the finding of an exceeding of a power limit in the terminal electrical installation causes unconditional shutdown the power load controlled by the device. The method furthermore provides a step during which at least one time delay of a duration specific to each device is performed when the conditions for starting up the load at the expected power are met, the expiry of said delay causing the controlled load to be put into operation at the expected power. The conditions for switching on the device are fulfilled when start-up is required as part of the planned operation of the device and the difference between the instantaneous power drawn off in the installation and the limit not to be exceeded is greater than or equal to the expected power for the power load. The power limit not to be exceeded in the installation is not necessarily the subscribed power or the breaking power but can be any. Similarly, the power of the load is not necessarily its maximum power but any non-zero power less than its maximum power. The method furthermore provides a step during which the controlled power load is switched on unconditionally to force a power limit to be exceeded in the terminal electrical installation and to cause the unconditional power supply to be stopped, the duration at least one timer being modified relative to the previous iteration of the step during which the controlled load is started at the expected power at the expiry of the at least one timer. The method according to the invention also comprises a step during which the achievement of a value, or a combination of values, for at least one information of interest from the counter is interpreted by the device that receives it. as being a command for remote control of the controlled power load. The invention also relates to a system for controlling the operation of at least one power load belonging to a terminal electrical installation as a function of at least one piece of information derived from an energy meter associated with said terminal electrical installation. The system according to the invention comprises: an electric energy meter comprising means for transmitting at least one information of interest to at least one device of the terminal electrical installation; and at least one device comprising means for receiving at least one information of interest from an electric meter, and for autonomously controlling the operation of a power load of the terminal electrical installation according to of the at least one information of interest. The term "to autonomously control the operation of a power load" that the invention does not require the presence in the installation of another type of device such as for example the central of an automation or a specialized manager. The device according to the invention and the controlled load are advantageously arranged in the form of a single device but they can also form two physically separate functional entities in other implementation variants. It is envisaged that the system according to the invention further comprises at least one device able to broadcast and / or to repeat the at least one information of interest so that it can be received by devices located in the associated premises. at said terminal electrical installation. A device adapted to broadcast the information from the meter in the terminal installation is provided to make said information available to the devices according to a standard that they are able to receive and interpret. The repeater function aims to extend the range of communications within the installation while remaining within the framework of low power communication systems. The use of LAN type communication standards operating in mesh mode (MESH in English) will be preferred in that each point of the local network consisting of the devices according to the invention will be natively adapted to repeat information to increase the scope. It is also planned to choose a single transmitter included in a gateway connected to a meter output, supplemented if necessary by one or more repeaters in the installation to minimize the cost of the power load control devices according to the invention which are potentially the most numerous in an installation. The latter then comprising only a receiving subset compatible with the transmitter and with the repeaters or the system. It is expected that the at least one device capable of diffusing and / or repeating the at least one information of interest is furthermore capable of adding in the information broadcast and / or repeated at least one external information to the meter, and / or able to modify the information from the counter before broadcast and / or repetition. For example, it is envisaged that the gateway according to the invention furthermore comprises a real-time clock, able to supplement information coming from the counter which does not include time stamp data, so that the information broadcast by the gateway to the devices of the terminal electrical installation includes information related to the time, and if necessary with the date and / or the day, at the time of transmission.

It is also envisaged that the gateway reformats and / or completes the information received from the counter to broadcast it in a format where the data are at least partly included in those received from the counter, if necessary supplemented by data external to the counter, and possibly reorganized before their diffusion to the devices of the installation according to another standard. Thus, for example, it is planned to use the gateway according to the invention in France to anticipate the generalization of the communicating counter "Linky" by broadcasting to the devices the information directly in the complete standard format able to broadcast all the information resulting from this type of meter. This from a less rich source of information called "historical" from an electronic counter of the previous generation, see the simple recovery of the binary hours / peak hours delivered by the remote control relay associated with an electromechanical counter. The data of the complete information diffused to the devices which can not be filled in, by direct recovery of information coming from the counter, by reconstitution, by calculation or by complementation, are put to a value interpreted by the devices which receive them as without meaning. The timestamp data is a good example of useful data that can be added by the gateway to the data received from a "historical" client tele-information output to give the devices of the installation a valuable service for the management of the data. comfort, without waiting for the generalization of more sophisticated counters natively delivering this information. Similarly, the power value which replaces in the information from the new counters similar information expressed as intensity in the counters of previous generation can be calculated by the gateway by multiplying the intensity values, for example the current and subscribed intensities, by the value of the voltage measured locally in the gateway or more simply by the constant value of the nominal voltage of the electrical network which gives a sufficiently precise result for most applications. Similarly, it is intended to measure the current or instantaneous power withdrawn by the installation in the bridge, for example by means of a current transformer, a shunt or an optical sensor speed disk rotation , and to manually set the value of the subscribed power so that the gateway diffuses in the installation information capable of enabling the implementation of the power limitation method according to the invention from the information derived from an electromechanical counter which is limited to the current tariff status and, where appropriate, the recovery of index and / or analysis of the speed of rotation of the disk by appropriate optoelectronic interfaces. It is also expected that the system according to the invention further comprises optional means such as digital tablets, smartphones, connected TVs, computers etc. These sophisticated terminals, to which most users are now accustomed, offer more sophisticated and attractive ergonomics than most devices in the installation can offer. Where appropriate, specific applications are provided for interacting with devices according to the invention. Means are also provided for making these terminals capable of transmitting information, and if necessary of receiving it, for parameterizing and / or setting and / or controlling the devices according to the invention. This directly or through an appropriate gateway. These optional means are provided to improve the comfort during adjustments and if necessary to increase the setting and / or programming possibilities offered by the devices. It is also intended that the direct or indirect connection of the devices according to the invention to the Internet gives access to additional services in connection with the management of energy and / or with assistance in the use and / or maintenance and / or the remote control of the devices. It is envisaged that the device according to the invention is implemented in several forms to cover all the needs in the most relevant way, without leaving of the scope of the invention. Thus, provision is made for the device to be implemented in the form of an autonomous device capable of controlling the power load or loads for which it has been more particularly designed, for example in the form of an electrical switchgear apparatus. in a DIN-compliant enclosure to control an electric water heater. The implementation of the device is also provided in the form of an autonomous device more particularly dedicated to the control of heating and / or electric air conditioning whose power circuits and possibly control arrive at the electrical panel. It is particularly preferred that the device according to the invention is integrated in an apparatus comprising at least one power load, for example in electric convectors, in water heaters, in air conditioners or in household appliances implementing the invention without the need to add an external control device. It also provides for implementation variants comprising several devices according to the invention functionally in the same case, the sharing of common technical means leading to substantial savings. For example in the case of a device according to the invention more specifically dedicated to the control of electric convectors of the existing park, bringing together in the same box DIN standard three functionally separate devices for independently driving according to the invention three groups of loads power. Such a variant of the invention makes it possible to respond more explicitly and economically to the need for controlling the electric convectors of a dwelling. In this case, three power charges forming each of the single functional entities can be identified and controlled according to the invention: all the convectors of the day zone equipping the living room and the kitchen, all the convectors of the night zone equipping the bedrooms and all the heating points or towel rails of the bathrooms. This implementation allows three devices according to the invention to share a housing, a location in the electrical panel, power supply means, means materializing the human-machine interface, the microcontroller, the means for receiving the information produced. by the electric meter, only three separate outputs are needed in this example. For example three "pilot wire" type outputs and / or three outputs connected to internal power relays or three control outputs to external power relays. In this logic, the implementation of the invention can be the subject of other groups of means, this without departing from the scope of controlling a power load device according to the invention. Thus, the same standard DIN electrical panel apparatus, with few additional means compared to the implementation of a single device, can group 3 devices according to the invention to control three separate electric convector zones, a device for controlling the electric water heater and a radio frequency or PLC gateway making it possible to make easily accessible to any other device installed outside the electrical panel, the information from the electricity meter that has been completed and / or modified if necessary.

It is envisaged that the system according to the invention will furthermore comprise at least one management software based on the modeling of the behavior of the devices within the electrical network for assistance in driving the network and / or in the context of a network. automated driving of the electricity distribution network. Indeed, the devices for controlling the operation of a power load installed in a network and the associated method have a deterministic operation that can be modeled. Therefore, a software implementing the behavioral model of the system according to the invention is advantageous for predicting remote control actions to be implemented by the network operator and their chronology according to the operating constraints of the moment . The operating constraints may be, for example, the forecasts of the total electrical power available in the network or in the part of the network concerned by the devices to be controlled and the corresponding requested power that is expected during the same period. It is also planned to take into account the tariff management of electrical energy as part of particularly optimized control of the system. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control software of the system according to the invention is connected to the remote control means used to transmit commands to the devices in the electrical distribution network concerned and to the control and control system. Upstream supervision to allow automated driving of the system according to the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and features of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, and the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a system according to the invention.

Figure 2 illustrates a first variant of the device. Figure 3 illustrates a second variant of the device. Figure 4 illustrates a third variant of the device. Figure 5 illustrates a device for controlling a water heater. Figure 6 illustrates the integration of a device in a water heater.

Figure 7 illustrates the integration of a device in a convector. Figure 8 illustrates the complete integration of a device into a convector. Figure 9 illustrates the expected conditions for changing the state of charge. FIG. 10 illustrates a variant where the delay is of variable duration. Figure 11 illustrates a variant where the variability comes from the environment.

Figure 12 illustrates a variant where timers are restarted. Figure 13 illustrates a variant with priority management. FIG. 14 illustrates the charge control method according to the invention. Figure 15 illustrates the method of avoiding a power overflow. Figure 16 illustrates the power limitation management method.

Figure 17 illustrates the remote control method according to the invention. Figure 18 illustrates an embodiment of the device separate from the controlled load. Figure 19 illustrates an embodiment of the device integrated in an apparatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES AND EMBODIMENTS Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description. In the accompanying drawings given as non-limiting examples: FIG. 1 illustrates a system according to the invention in which devices 1 control a power load 2 in terminal electrical installations 3 of an electrical distribution network 4. According to the variant embodiments of the invention, the device and the power load that it controls form a single device (D1, D3) or the device (D2, D4) and the controlled power load (PC2 , PC4) are separate devices in functional communication. Each device 1 comprises a receiving subassembly 5 capable of receiving the information coming from the electrical energy meter 6. These means are, for example, subsets for receiving or transmitting-receiving by carrier currents or by radio frequency. Bidirectional transmission means are advantageously used to improve the quality and range of transmissions by repetition of information by all or part of the devices of the installation. This is especially true if a mesh network protocol is used. In the terminal electrical installation 3a, the counter 6 comprises a transmission sub-assembly 7 directly able to transmit the information 9 from the counter 6 to the devices 1 of the corresponding installation 3a. In the terminal electrical installation 3b, the information 9 coming from the counter 6 is received by means of a link 10 by a gateway 8 which comprises a transmission sub-assembly 7 able to transmit the information 9 coming from the counter 6 to the devices 1 of the corresponding installation 3b. These means are, for example, transmitting or transmitting-receiving subsystems by carrier currents or by radio frequency which are technically and legally appropriate for use in the context of terminal installations downstream of the meters. The meters 6 comprise means capable of receiving information 11 from the information system 12 of the operator of the electrical distribution network 4. These means are, for example, solid power transmission or radio frequency transmission subassemblies whose protocols such as DLMS / COSEM are reserved for communications under the system that is upstream of the terminal facilities. The means used are bi-directional to allow the tele-reading of the counting indexes. The information 9 from the counter 6 generally comprises counting data from the metrology subsystem of the meter, data directly or indirectly from the information 11 from the information system 12 of the operator and the data of the meter. meter status. FIG. 2 illustrates a first variant of the device 1 proposed in the form of an independent and autonomous subassembly intended to be connected at the input 13 to the terminal electrical installation and at the output 14 to a power load of which the The functional state is controlled directly by its power supply. Such a charge can be for example an electric water heater. This variant can be encapsulated for example in a DIN-standard plastic case to be mounted in an electrical panel. This variant of the device may also form a functional technical subassembly intended to be integrated in an apparatus comprising a power load. This formula being adapted for example to the needs of manufacturers offering simple electrical appliances, normally sold without implementation of the invention and optionally with. This exemplary embodiment comprises a load-bearing receiver 15, a control functional block 16 and a power relay 17 supplying or not an external power load by appropriate connectors 14. FIG. 3 illustrates a second variant of the device 1 provided to be integrated in an apparatus comprising a power load and control means such as a keyboard and a screen to further adjust the operating parameters of the device. This variant differs from the previous one in that it comprises a radio frequency receiver 18 for receiving the information from the counter instead of a PLC receiver. This variant further comprises a bi-directionally isolated bidirectional connection 19 for transmitting commands to the control electronics of an apparatus comprising at least one power load to be controlled. This variant also provides that the device receives commands from the human-machine interface of the device in which it must be integrated. FIG. 4 illustrates a third variant of the device 1 which differs from the previous ones by the presence of a remote control transmitter for controlling the power load via the control electronics of the apparatus which contains it without having to modify it. The characteristics of the remote control transmitter are adapted to those of the devices to be controlled. This example implements an infrared projector 20 called "IR blaster", sufficiently powerful and omnidirectional to exploit the reflections on the ceiling and on the walls and thus allow easy installation without precise adjustment of its orientation in the room where is located device to drive. Figure 5 illustrates a device 1 driving an external device 2 comprising a power load such as an electric water heater. The device is in this example encapsulated in a standard modular housing type "DIN rail" for installation in an electrical panel. The device in this example comprises at least one push button and at least one indicator to enable the user to impose the functional state of his choice on the power load. This variant of the device receives the information from the counter 6 by a wired link 10 connected for example to the output tele-information client of a French counter. This variant is easily adaptable to other types of meter information output (IEC62056-21, USB, fiber optic link, etc.). This variant also advantageously comprises a gateway function 8 which ensures the dissemination of the information from the counter to the other possible devices of the installation. Figure 6 illustrates the integration of a device 1 in a high-end electric water heater with all the advantages of the invention and it is sufficient to connect directly to the terminal electrical installation without intermediate device. This device is directly linked to the electricity tariff rate by exploiting the corresponding information of interest that it receives. It also implements the solutions of the invention based on at least one delay to shift the operating cycles of the water heaters from one installation to another to crush the peak demand for energy that occurs in the network. of distribution during the passage to the economic tariff levels as for example during the passage in off-peak hours in France. The apparatus also participates in the process of limiting the power withdrawn from the installation to enable the reduction of the subscribed power, for example of a 3KVA or two wafer, with a fleet of appliances in the installation of which the cumulative power is very much in excess of the subscribed power. This without significant reduction in perceived comfort or risk of unexpected disjunction of the installation. The choice of a small section vertical tank relative to its height gives rise to the "piston effect" between the cold water volume in the lower part, where the cold water inlet and the power load are located heating the water, and the volume of hot water accumulating in the upper part towards the point of extraction. This configuration of the apparatus is favorable to an efficient implementation of the variable capacity according to the invention. A dashboard 21 placed at a height facilitating adjustments and including the electronics of the device provides a man-machine interface suitable for use of the apparatus. There are at least the usual controls that in conventional installations are placed on the relay of the electrical panel provided for the servo of the water heater at off-peak hour / full hour rate, that is to say a stop command permanent, a forced return command to automatic return in automatic mode and a setting of the hot water capacity desired by the user. More sophisticated versions also provide a choice of program to automatically vary the amount of hot water produced based on the expected occupancy of the premises when it is cyclical. For example by producing 100L of hot water every two days on weekdays and 300L on weekends, which corresponds to the needs of certain families. The presence of timestamp information in the information from the counter facilitates the implementation of time and / or calendar programming functions relocated in the devices in that it is no longer necessary to embark a clock-calendar and its stored power source and keep it on time and / or date in each programmer. Finally, this water heater offers the opportunity to the distribution network operator to receive remote control commands unconditionally and immediately forcing the stopping or starting of the power load to meet the requirements of the management of the power supply. network. Of course, with regard to equipment belonging to the user, it is intended to allow the latter the possibility of isolating at least temporarily his or her devices from any remote control from the operator. It is his responsibility to offer his customers incentives to put their fleet of power equipment at his disposal for participation in the management of the electricity network. Figure 7 illustrates a first integration variant in a convector.

In this integration example, the control electronics 22 of the power load 2, as part of its heating function, is separated from the electronics implementing the device 1 according to the invention. An appropriate interface 19, which is generally galvanically isolated to provide designers with degrees of freedom in setting potentials, provides functional communication between the two subassemblies. This choice which favors the flexibility of adaptation to the optimization of the integration is appropriate when the apparatus is mainly sold in basic version and marginally in versions implementing the invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a second variant of integration in a convector. This variant, unlike the preceding one, maximizes the optimization of the integration of the device according to the invention and the basic functions of a heating apparatus such as temperature regulation and switching of the power load by electronic means.

This variant provides the electric convector with most of the features of the invention as described in the case of the water heater of Figure 6. This variant provides a dashboard similar to those of conventional convectors to which users are accustomed. The choice of programs offered on the convector integrating the device is significantly improved by the implementation of the invention, both in terms of the functional richness in terms of time accuracy and reliability of the service rendered. This, without making more complicated the dashboard and the use of the device. This is achieved by exploiting the timestamp information from the counter, or gateway if any, that is received by the device and updated with each transmission of information. The device continuously compares the timestamp information it receives with information elements which are homogeneous to them and which are related to the functional state changes of the piloted power load. For example, the occurrence of a time-scheduling event modifies the regulator setpoint temperature and the duty cycle of driving the resulting power load. Figure 9 illustrates the expected conditions for changing the state of charge. a) illustrates a variant of the device according to the invention in which all the changes of state of the power load result from changes of setpoints (S1 and S2). b) illustrates a preferred variant of the device where the first change of state of the power load is consecutive to a setpoint change (S).

The second change of state of the load being consecutive with the expiry of a time delay of a duration T which was started during the setpoint change (S). This example illustrates the case where a setpoint involving a large number of power loads in the electrical network causes all the loads concerned to go into the off state synchronously. For example, in the case of receiving a remote control command for erasing charges. It is advantageous in this case that the time between the setpoint change and the actual change of state of the charges is as short as possible. In the case of a power load stop, the synchronism of the event is not a problem for the power grid. The state change complementary to the power load is managed locally in each device. It is caused by the expiry of a delay triggered by the setpoint change (S). C) illustrates the case of a delayed state change. The change of state of the load is managed locally within each device by a delay of a duration T, which is started as soon as the setpoint change (S1), which should have led to the change of state, occurs . The corresponding effective change of state of the power load is done automatically when the timer expires. The complementary state change is made during an appropriate setpoint change (S2). D) illustrates the case of a first change of state deferred at the end of a first time delay Ti as in the case C). The complementary state change is made upon the expiry of a second time delay T2. FIG. 10 illustrates an even more preferred variant of the invention in which the duration of the time delay is variable from one device to the other. This variant introduces an element of individual variability for each device in the duration of the time delay whose expiration conditions the return to the initial state of the power load. In the case of a remote control for erasing the power loads, the initial state is the one before the setpoint change which immediately led all the concerned devices to change state synchronously. The element of variability is arranged to maximize the differentiation of a device to another between a low limit and a high limit allowing the operator to know in advance the maximum time windows of each of its actions. It is thus possible to predict the behavior of the network by simulation using an appropriate mathematical model.

Curve a) illustrates the minimum value of the variable delay. This value is determined to nevertheless have an effect on the network and to protect the power load from the possibly harmful effects of too short switching cycles. Curve b) illustrates a first timeout value for a given device 20. Curve c) illustrates the delay value specific to the nth device according to the invention present in the network and makes the same setpoint change as those associated with curves a) and b). Curve d) illustrates the maximum value that the variable delay can take in the context of a given implementation of the invention. The duration 23 represents the maximum time excursion of the variable part of the delay. Figure 11 illustrates a variant where the variability comes from the environment. The two curves a) and b) illustrate an example of an environment variable that can be used in the calculation of the timeout value of each device. The calculation method used in the microcontroller program embodying the invention is arranged so that the result in terms of delay time is framed by a minimum value and a maximum value, that the probability of obtaining the same - 43 - values are low and the individual values are strongly differentiated from each other. The duration 23 represents the maximum temporal excursion of the variable portion of the delay as a function of an environment variable. In this example, temperature is the chosen environment variable because its potential for device-to-device variability is large, and modern microcontrollers that include an analog-to-digital converter typically also include a means for measuring temperature. of the chip. This choice makes it possible to implement this refinement of the invention at a marginal marginal cost outside of that of storing the additional code necessary for the implementation of the functionality. FIG. 12 illustrates a variant where timers are restarted in the context of the remote controls by the operator of the electrical distribution network with a power load of the terminal installation according to the invention. This figure illustrates a functional refinement of the invention which allows the operator to further spread the power peak if necessary by repeating the transmission of the initial command at carefully chosen times by means of a help tool. to network driving by simulation. In this example, for the curves a) and c), everything happens as illustrated previously in FIG. 10 because their delay has expired before the reception of a repeated command 24, or before the reception of a command specific to timing restart if appropriate. For curves b) and d), the delays of the devices have not yet expired when the new command 24 is received. The refinement of the invention then operates by restarting the delays of these devices alone. This has the effect of spreading the peak of power more and more by involving a number of devices which decreases until it is no longer necessary to repeat the command again. The duration 23 represents the maximum time excursion of the variable part of the delay after extension by the repetition of the commands. This functional refinement of the invention increases the flexibility and spreadability of the power peaks without requiring additional means for its implementation and without significantly increasing network traffic. Figure 13 illustrates a variant with priority management.

This figure illustrates the management of priorities in the access to the electrical power according to the invention. The devices according to the invention are arranged to manage several levels of priority. Each participating device must know the priority level assigned to it. This can be done during the manufacture of the device or the device that contains it in the case of priorities depending on the use of electricity or the power of the load. In other cases, a local setting of each device, or a remote setting according to the possibilities of the network information transmission system, is necessary. The three chronograms a), b) and c) correspond to three levels of priorities managed according to the method of the invention. The method is applicable to any number of priority levels. Each priority level is assigned a time range within which all timers of the devices concerned must expire. The delays of the devices which are associated with the immediately lower priority level are advantageously increased by a fixed security value 27 to avoid any overlapping phenomenon at the adjacent priority level boundaries, taking into account the drifts and uncertainties in the calculation of the values of the delay. A minimum value is also advantageously added at the head of the highest priority level for the reasons explained in the description of FIG. 10. This figure also illustrates the management of delays within a time grid whose number and duration of not elementary 28 are predetermined. This functional refinement facilitates the modeling of the behaviors of the system which is an interesting complement of the invention to facilitate its implementation in the context of a deterministic management of the electrical network. A temporization occurring in a temporal grid is in no way contradictory with the use of an environment variable or a pseudo-random variable in the computation of the delays, it indicates only that the computed values are discretized before use to fall into the grid steps, the latter being synchronized in all the devices concerned by the initial synchronous event (S). FIG. 14 illustrates the method for controlling the power loads according to the invention. The device continuously executes, in a loop, successively the step 29 of generating at least one setpoint autonomously from at least one information of interest extracted from information derived from an energy meter, then step 30 of modifying the functional state of the power load according to the at least one setpoint, and the step 31 of priority management of at least part of the wishes of the user where it is offered to him the possibility of imposing at least one functional state on the power load controlled by said device. In certain variants of implementation of the invention, the possibility of derogation provided by the method is temporary, for example in the case of forcing in the energized state of the power load that represents the resistance or the compressor of a electric water heater. A timer is provided to automatically return the device to the automatic mode in which the state of the controlled power load is imposed by the at least one information of interest extracted from information from an energy meter. . FIG. 15 illustrates the method of avoiding an overshoot in the electrical installation leading to a break in the supply of electricity.

It is provided in this first variant of the method executed by a device that the power load that it controls in a given installation is immediately and unconditionally stopped by the appropriate instruction that is developed in the processing 33 in case of finding an overshoot of the subscribed power during a test 32 continuously performed loop on the at least one relevant information of interest extracted from information from an energy meter. This to deviate as quickly as possible from a risk of disjunction of the installation as a whole. The set point for restarting the power load thus shut down is developed as part of an appropriate external processing. FIG. 16 illustrates the method for managing the power limitation according to the invention. . This figure illustrates the development of the instructions modifying the functional state of the power loads in the invention to limit the total power demanded to the value of the subscribed power or to any other given value as a limit not to exceed. For example, a value not to be exceeded in order to benefit from an advantageous rate of electricity. The invention can indeed make it possible to make complex tariff structures acceptable in which there is included a financial incentive not to exceed a power threshold in the installation, without necessarily there being a risk of disjunction. This method of managing the power limitation is based on the limit overrun avoidance method described in FIG. 15, where a load stopping instruction is developed in the process 33 in the event of stalling. exceedance found during the test 32. As the result of the test 32 indicates that the limit set for the cumulative power in the installation is not reached, the test 34 is executed. This test checks whether the conditions for exceeding the power limit would be reached in the event that the controlled load is switched on to the desired power in the event that the start of the power load is required. This test is based on the preliminary calculation of the power remaining available in the installation, then on the comparison of the calculated value with the power required by the controlled load. This test is performed in a loop and the start delay is reset by the process until the available power is sufficient to power the load without exceeding the power limit. As soon as the test 34 produces a positive result indicating that the load can be switched on to the desired power without exceeding the power limit in the installation, the test 36 for expiry of the start delay is executed both that the conditions to achieve this test are met. When the result of the test 36 is positive signaling that the time has expired, an operating instruction to the desired power is developed in the process 37 for the controlled power load is put in the corresponding functional state. The duration of the delays is advantageously determined according to the priority in the access to the power of the apparatus comprising the driven load. In the context of given priority classes, the timers are advantageously individualized in each device of the installation to avoid any simultaneous start-up of the loads likely to mask the devices the conditions of a possible exceeding of the limit power. The delay values will be chosen in increments of a determined minimum duration so that any device has time to modify the state of the power load that it is piloting, that the meter has the time to deliver a stable measurement of the power. or the instantaneous intensity that results from it and that this information is transmitted to the devices in the installation. Depending on the technical solutions implemented in the previous processing and transmission chain, the elementary times are for example between 10 seconds and a few minutes. In this example, the devices with the shortest delay times are served first until reaching the power limit without crossing it. Thus, if the overall demand for power in the installation is greater than the power limit, it is possible that devices remain at a standstill while waiting for the release of a residual power sufficient to serve their needs deriving from the stop other charges in the installation. It is expected that the pending devices continuously monitor the evolution of the power available in the installation through the information of interest extracted from the information from the counter they receive. The devices restart their restart delay, or if necessary launch a delay dedicated to the restarting of loads in the context of managing expectations, a period of time advantageously specific to each device, on finding a power sufficient to restart them. Thus, the power available in the installation is shared between all the devices at the discretion of the stops of the power loads originating from the operating cycles of the devices or commands received from the users. It is expected that each device knows the power of the load that it controls. Variations are provided where this is a typical power value imposed for a given load category and / or controlled device. For safety reasons, to avoid any risk of unexpected disconnection, the maximum possible load power value for a given load category and / or unit will be selected. Power management according to the invention is also provided which is made more optimized by the exact knowledge by the device of the power of the load that it controls. When the device according to the invention is integrated in an apparatus comprising a power load, the value of the power of the controlled load is advantageously registered in a memory of the microcontroller during manufacture. When the device is not inseparably associated with a given power load during its manufacture, there is provided a learning step in which the device stores the value of the power of the load that it controls after to have calculated it by difference between the information of power or instantaneous intensity withdrawn in the installation, with the load controlled at the stop, and the information obtained with the controlled load in running. It is planned to execute several successive learning cycles before finalizing the value of the power of the controlled load, and for example to retain the majority value, to eliminate the risk of error coming from the start-up or stopping another load in the plant between the two measurements. The invention provides that the device-devices with the lowest priority in the access to the electrical power are those with the highest inertia and / or whose stopping power supply of the power load is not a problem. It is within the category of the lowest priority devices that there is likely to be expectations to manage because it is common that the sum of the powers that can be requested in an installation exceeds the power subscribed. It is remarkable that the invention used to control power loads comprising electric convectors, allows to limit the total power required in an installation without power manager and without even the devices do not necessarily require a subset of emission to transmit information. This without disjunction and while ensuring a natural sharing of available power between all devices. Because of the natural shutdowns of each heater when its temperature setpoint is reached, opportunities open regularly for pending devices to have access to the power available in turn. It is also remarkable that the users can modify according to their wishes the distribution of the access to the electrical power for the devices by obtaining the expected effect by the simple natural adjustment of the devices according to their intuition. Indeed, for example the heating of a child's room or the room of a patient, that any user would naturally prefer to prefer to other parts of a housing, requires only a higher setting of setpoint temperatures of the parts considered as priority. The effect induced on the devices according to the invention is that the duty cycle of the power loads in the devices set as being the highest priority for the service it provides, keep the power loads in the operating state longer relatively lower priority devices, the latter remaining longer in waiting is actually less priority also in the access to the electrical power of the invention. However, other implementation variants are provided for sharing the remaining power by rotation between the devices having the lowest priority in access to the power. For example, a device driving a low priority load only restarts it for a period determined by a time delay before stopping it again to give the opportunity to a device waiting to be served in its turn. In another variant of the invention, it is provided that a pending device intentionally causes the power limit to be exceeded by restarting the load it is driving with a different delay time for restarting than when from the previous iteration. However, other methods of sharing the available power based on variable delays can be implemented without departing from the scope of the invention.

It is also planned to extend the methods of limitation and power sharing not only within the same terminal installation but also in the context of a cluster of terminal installations located at the end of the electrical line and / or behind a transformer whose power capacity is less than the maximum possible sum of each terminal installation of the cluster. Figure 17 illustrates the remote control method according to the invention. The test 38 is executed continuously. This test aims to recognize, in the at least one information of interest extracted from information from an energy meter that is received, at least one characteristic value which is associated with a control command to given distance from the operator of the electrical distribution network in the context of the invention. In the case of a positive test result 38 signaling the recognition of a remote control command in the received information, the processing 39 develops the at least one instruction to change the functional state of the power load accordingly as expected by the transmitter of the remote control. Figure 18 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the device 1 when the power load 2 is external. This variant comprises a low voltage supply subassembly 40 supplying the voltages necessary for the operation of the other subassemblies from the voltage of the electrical installation to which it is connected 13. At the heart of the device is the microcontroller 41 which manages the resources of the device by means of software contained in its program memory, working RAM and non-volatile memory for permanent storage of operating parameters and functional states. Models from Atmel's "tiny" 8bit AVR family of microcontrollers (registered trademarks), or models from the Texas Instrument (trademark) 16bit "MSP430" family of microcontrollers, are particularly appropriate, but many other usable references exist. also from other semiconductor manufacturers. A transmission subassembly 42 ensures at least the reception of the information from the counter, by carrier currents, by radio frequency or by a wired connection. A power interface 17, comprising a relay and its control electronics, provides a functional link between the corresponding logic output of the microcontroller and the power load 2 to be controlled. A user interface 21 comprising at least one push button and a led diode allows interactions between the device and the user. FIG. 19 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the device when it is integrated within an apparatus comprising at least one power load 2. This figure differs from the previous one in that the device according to the invention 1 is integrated in an apparatus of which it uses the control means 22 of the at least one power load 2, this possibly by means of a galvanically isolated interface 19, and the means of interface with the 21 which are often more user-friendly in a sophisticated apparatus than in a basic implementation of the device according to the invention. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous adjustments can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, in particular by combining several variants in the same implementation or by combining differently from the elements taken in several examples.

Claims (30)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) for controlling the operation of a power load (2) according to at least one information (9) provided by the energy meter (6) of a terminal installation (3) of a network electrical distribution system (4), characterized in that it comprises: - means (5) for receiving information from an energy meter of a terminal electrical installation; and means for extracting at least one information of interest from said information; and means for autonomously producing at least one power load control instruction from the at least one piece of information of interest; and means for controlling the functional state of the power load of an electrical apparatus as a function of the at least one piloting instruction. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for controlling the functional state of the power load comprise means (17) for switching the power supply to the power load to be controlled. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for controlling the functional state of the power load comprise means for remotely controlling the operation of at least one integrated power load in a remotely controllable apparatus. . 4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control setpoint of the power load is developed by combining a plurality of information of interest extracted from said information from an energy meter. . 5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control setpoint of the power load is -53- in fact a remote control order in connection with the management of the electrical distribution network. 6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control setpoint is furthermore developed as a function of at least one external information to said information from an energy meter. 7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a functional state determined according to the cost of the electrical energy. 8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a functional state determined according to a power limit not to be exceeded in the electrical installation. . 9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a functional state determined according to a previously determined energy expenditure budget. 10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a determined functional state according to the detection of a human presence. 11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a determined functional state, the setting of the power load in another functional state is automatically done to the expiry of a timer. 35 12.Dispositif according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a functional state determined at the expiry of a time-delay, the setting of the power charge in another functional state requiring at least one other setpoint associated with this other functional state. 13.Dispositif according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one set puts the power load in a functional state determined at the expiry of a first time delay, the setting of the load of power in another functional state being automatically on the expiry of a second timeout. 14. Device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the timer comprises at least one variable portion. 15.Dispositif according to claim 14, characterized in that the variable portion of the timer is at least partly used in the context of a priority management for access to electrical power. 16. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one economical operating mode is proposed by reducing the start-up time and / or by modifying the duty cycle ratio and / or by suppressing operating cycles and / or by splitting the power load. 17.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration of all or part of the delay leading to an automatic change of state of the power load is modified by the number of repetitions of a remote control received within a predetermined period of time which is counted after a period of time greater than a predetermined value during which none of the remote control commands concerned are received. 18. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reception of a remote control command restarts the non-expired timers, the devices whose expiry time remaining remains insensitive to any new reception. of a remote control command for a predetermined duration. 19.Dispositif according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises control means allowing the user to make it insensitive to any instruction to which it would normally be sensitive and / or impose a state functional to the power load, at least temporarily. 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that said control means are arranged so that the next action of the user on the latter has the expected effect most likely given the functional state of the device. 21.A method executed in a device for controlling the operation of at least one power load belonging to a terminal electrical installation of an electrical distribution network as a function of at least one information derived from a power meter associated with the installation, characterized in that it comprises steps in the course of which: - At least one instruction is developed autonomously from at least one information of interest extracted from information derived from a counter of energy that is received; and modifying the functional state of the piloted power load as a function of the at least one setpoint; and - the user is offered the possibility of imposing at least one functional state on the power load controlled by said device. 22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that it further comprises a step of desynchronizing the power demand of a power load controlled by a device, relative to the power demand of at least one device. another power load controlled by at least one other device within the same terminal electrical installation and / or within the same electrical distribution network. 23. Method according to one of claims 21 or 22, characterized in that it further comprises a step during which the finding of a exceeding of a power limit in the terminal electrical installation causes unconditional shutdown the power charge driven by the device 24.Procédé according to claim 23, characterized in that it further comprises a step during which at least one time of a duration specific to each device is executed when the conditions of a start of the load to the expected power are met, the expiration of said delay causing the start of the controlled load to the expected power. 25. The method of claim 24, characterized in that it further comprises a step during which the piloted power load is switched on unconditionally to force the exceeding of a power limit in the terminal electrical installation and cause unconditional power-off, the duration of at least one delay being changed relative to the previous iteration of the step in which the controlled load is started at the expected power on arrival at expiry of the at least one timer. 26. Method according to one of claims 21 to 25, characterized in that it further comprises a step during which the achievement of a value, or a combination of values, for at least one piece of information. interest derived from the counter is interpreted by the device which receives it as being a remote control command of the controlled power load. 27.System for controlling the operation of at least one power load belonging to a terminal electrical installation as a function of at least one information coming from an energy meter associated with said terminal electrical installation, characterized in that it comprises: an electric energy meter comprising means for transmitting at least one information of interest to at least one device of the terminal electrical installation; and at least one device according to claim 1 comprising means for receiving at least one information of interest from an electric meter, and for autonomously controlling the operation of a power load of the terminal electrical installation according to the at least one information of interest. 28. System according to claim 27 characterized in that it further comprises at least one device capable of diffusing and / or repeating the at least one information of interest so that it can be received by devices located in the premises associated with said terminal electrical installation. 29. System according to claim 28 characterized in that the at least one device capable of diffusing and / or repeating the at least one information of interest is furthermore capable of adding to the information broadcast and / or repeated at least one information external to the counter, and / or able to modify the information from the counter before broadcast and / or repetition. 30. System according to one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that it further comprises at least one management software based on the modeling of the behavior of the devices within the electrical network for assistance in driving the network. and / or in the context of automated driving of the electricity distribution network.