FR2945561A1 - Photovoltaic module fixing system for e.g. roof of building, has fixation unit connected to photovoltaic module and fixed on counter-plate for maintaining photovoltaic module on covering surface by clamping - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a counter-plate (10) comprising a first plane (16) for forming a base to fix the counter-plate on a lacquered steel covering element (2) and/or on the counter-plate, and second planes (11) for supporting photovoltaic modules. A third plane (13) is delimited by lateral walls (12). The assembly of the third plane and the walls form a spacer between the modules. A fixation unit is formed by a section (50) and a fixation screw (60). The unit is connected to the module and fixed on the counter-plate for maintaining the photovoltaic module on a covering surface (S) by clamping.

Description

Fixing system for photovoltaic modules on a cover surface and corresponding cover surface. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The field of the invention is that of the design and manufacture of surfaces including photovoltaic modules for the production of electricity from solar energy. More specifically, the invention relates to the fixing of photovoltaic modules on roofing surfaces such as roofs, for example roofs of industrial, public, agricultural or residential buildings.

Buildings, especially industrial and agricultural buildings, generally have large roof surfaces so that these surfaces can accommodate a large number of modules or photovoltaic panels. Moreover, in some countries, such as France, the photovoltaic module fixing system can be profitable by reselling the electricity produced if it is integrated, ie if it meets the integration criteria. defined by the public bodies, or on the contrary unprofitable or unprofitable if it is not integrated, according to these same criteria. 2. PRIOR ART In the field of the invention, various systems have been proposed by the prior art to allow the attachment of photovoltaic modules on the covering surfaces such as roofs. Some systems are suitable for small roofs, including slate or tile roofs. These systems are often expensive and do not adapt well to large surfaces of roofs of industrial or agricultural buildings, for example, often made with roofing elements such as steel bins. Other fastening systems are known which are reported on roofs already constructed in such a way that there is a risk that these fastening systems are not considered to be integrated, in particular if the eligibility criteria become more important. strict according to future criteria.

For example, there is known a system for fixing photovoltaic modules comprising a plurality of studs fixed on the roof in the manner of a checkerboard, each photovoltaic module being fixed on four studs. 3. Objective of the invention There is a need for a photovoltaic module fixing system suitable for large roof surfaces, for example roofs of industrial, public or agricultural buildings. There is still a need for a system for fixing photovoltaic modules that is integrated into the roof.

There is still a need for a system for fixing photovoltaic modules that is relatively simple and inexpensive for a large surface area for laying photovoltaic modules. There is also a need to reduce the costs generated by the construction of a roofing surface, including a roof.

The present invention aims in particular to meet all or part of these needs. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Fastening system The invention achieves this by virtue of, in one of its aspects, a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic module on a covering surface, in particular on a roof, said surface cover comprising at least two adjacent cover elements fixed on faults. According to one aspect of the invention, the fastening system is characterized in that it comprises: - a counter-failure comprising at least a first plane forming a base arranged to allow the fixing of the counter-fault on at least one cover element and / or at least one failure, two second planes in elevation with respect to said first plane, said second planes being arranged to support at least one photovoltaic module and a third plan in elevation with respect to the second planes, delimited by two side walls, all of the third plane and side walls being intended to form a spacer between two photovoltaic modules, - fixing means to be reported on the photovoltaic module and to be fixed on the counter-fault so as to maintain in place by pinching the photovoltaic module on the cover surface. Thanks to the invention, there is a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic module on a cover surface which is relatively simple to manufacture and install. The part of the photovoltaic module which may for example be intended to be supported by the counter-fault may be its border or its frame, in particular a lower edge intended to rest directly or indirectly on the second plane and possibly an outer or lateral edge, substantially perpendicular to the lower edge, may be intended to rest against the side wall of the counter-fault, directly or indirectly. The counter-fault can be fixed on the fault or failures substantially transversely to that (s) -ci. The counter-fault may include steel, especially lacquered or galvanized steel. The lacquer possibly deposited on the counter-fault or the galvanization can provide a long-term protection against corrosion. The counter-fault can have a thickness and thus a rigidity such that the purlins can be further spaced than in the prior art, which makes it possible to reduce the costs of the roof. The counter-fault can be realized and worked in such a way as to further increase its rigidity. For example, the counter-fault can be made of lacquered steel of between 15 and 20 tenths of a millimeter thick, for example with a lacquer layer of between 25 μm and 35 μm in thickness. The shape of the counter-fault can be arranged to suppress the upwelling by capillarity or runoff. The underside of the counter-tip can be covered with a felt, including an anti-condensation felt, whose role is to eliminate condensation phenomena, or a drainage felt, whose role is to evacuate any water condensation down the slope. The counter-fault and the fixing means can be configured to contribute to the maintenance of two or more adjacent photovoltaic modules on the cover surface. In this case, the two second planes are arranged to support the two adjacent photovoltaic modules, each second plane can support a photovoltaic module. In this case also, the fixing means are configured to face the counter-failure so as to cover at least a portion of the two adjacent photovoltaic modules, including a portion of the upper edge of the two adjacent photovoltaic modules. The fastening system may comprise at least one insulating interlayer arranged to be disposed on at least a second plane of the counter-fault, so as to form an insulation between the second plane and the photovoltaic module. Additionally or alternatively, the insulating spacer member may be arranged to be disposed against at least one side wall of the counter-fault, this side wall being adjacent to the second plane, so as to form an insulation between the side wall and the photovoltaic module. . The insert may have a self-adhesive face to facilitate assembly operations. Alternatively, it can be glued on the counter-fault. The intermediate piece may for example be in the form of a square contacting the second plane and the side wall of the counter-fault on the one hand and a lower edge and a lateral edge of the photovoltaic module. on the other hand, so as to avoid any contact between the photovoltaic module and the counter-fault. The intermediate piece may have two mutually perpendicular sides, each side having for example a length of 15 mm. This insert can be made of plastic. The intermediate part can advantageously eliminate any risk of corrosion of the counter-purlins. Indeed, the friction between the photovoltaic modules and the counter-breakdowns, in particular under the influence of the thermal expansion, or the slight differential movements under the influence for example of the wind, can deteriorate the contact surface of the counter-breakdowns . On the other hand, when the photovoltaic modules have a border made of aluminum and the counter-breakdowns include steel, the contact between aluminum and steel could create a stack effect modifying the chemical composition of the materials and damaging those -this. Thanks to the presence of the insulating spacer between the counter-fault and the photovoltaic module, these risks are avoided.

The counter-fault can be made in one piece, for example metal as indicated above, or have a plurality of parts fixed together. In particular, the counter-failure may comprise at least two assembled parts, the first part possibly comprising for example the first plane and one or two planes, while the second part may comprise the third plane and possibly the side walls so as to what this second piece forms the spacer, for example. This second piece may for example be made of plastic, and also form the aforementioned insert. The fixing means may comprise a profile, in particular a profile comprising aluminum, attached to the photovoltaic module and a plurality of screws, in particular self-tapping screws, for example made of stainless steel, intended to fasten said profile to the counter-beam. breakdown, especially in the third plane of the counter-fault. The number of screws fixing the profile to the counter-fault can be equal to four.

The profile comprises for example lacquered aluminum of between 10 and 15 tenths of a millimeter thick, the lacquer having for example a thickness of 25 m. The profile can prevent that detritus, such as dead leaves, accumulate between two adjacent photovoltaic modules and may ultimately hide part of the surface of a photovoltaic module and thus make it module inoperative or reduce its performance. The profile can be positioned on two adjacent photovoltaic modules, or have a photovoltaic field end profile arranged to fix a single photovoltaic module. The counter-fault may include at least one opening for the passage of cables, including electrical cables or photovoltaic modules. The opening or openings may be equipped with wire passes for the passage of direct current electrical cables connecting the photovoltaic modules together to form branches or strings. The photovoltaic module or modules may be of the type comprising a frame, in particular an aluminum frame. In this case, the frames of the photovoltaic modules must be, according to the construction and installation standards, connected to the ground. The counter-fault can be arranged to receive the fixation of the mass braid of the frames of the photovoltaic modules. If the faults are metallic, the counter-fault can be connected to the mass of the frame by another braid of mass. If the faults are made of wood, a ground braid can connect each back-fault and a cable of adequate cross-section can connect all the counters to the earth. The photovoltaic modules of the same branch are connected in series by direct connection of the cables leaving the connection boxes of the photovoltaic modules. The negative pole of the last module of a string can be brought close to the positive pole of the first module by an electric cable that can be class II, unipolar double insulation IP54, for example. The arrangement of the openings of the countershafts can be made in such a way as to minimize the area of the loop created by the wiring of the string and therefore the induced magnetic fields, thus minimizing the risk of triggering the electrical protections or even the destruction of the installation . The pair of cables thus formed can pass through the covering surface, in particular roofing at the edge, ridge or bottom of the slope, for example according to the optimization of the electrical layout, by the space existing between the counter-fault and the element of cover to be connected, under the surface, for example to the planned direct current interconnection box. The fastening system may comprise edge caps made, for example, of aluminum or steel, in particular lacquered.

The self-tapping screws can be made of a material such as stainless steel with sealing washer chosen to minimize the risk of electrochemical torque aluminum / steel between the materials to be fixed. The counter-fault may further comprise a tongue extending over at least a portion or even the entire length of the counter-fault connected to the foreground with which it forms an angle α which may be between 150 and 170 °, for example equal at about 159 °. This tongue is intended to be compressed by a cover element so as to participate in the sealing of the cover surface, preventing the water from migrating by capillarity under the cover element and therefore does not drip into the building.

The subject of the invention is also, according to another of its aspects in combination with the aspect defined above, a covering surface such as a roof, in particular of an industrial, public or agricultural building, comprising a plurality of failures, at least two adjacent cover elements and at least one fixing system of at least one photovoltaic module on the coverage surface as defined above. Said at least two cover elements may have a space between them at least partially covered by the counter-fault.

Thus, thanks to the invention, a system for fixing photovoltaic modules integrated in the roof. In addition, the fastening system effectively participates in the waterproofing of the roof. The counter-fault can be attached to at least one of the two cover elements with which it is in contact. In particular, a cover element can be fixed with a counter-fault to a failure, for example using the same screw, including self-tapping, which passes through the cover element and against-breakdown for fix to a failure. When there is space between two roofing members, the backstop may be attached to the two adjacent roofing members so that the roofing surface is watertight (particularly water). In this case, the watertightness of the surface is ensured despite the space existing between two adjacent roofing elements. The counter-fault and the cover element (s) may be fixed to each other, for example by screwing, in particular by self-tapping screws with possibly a sealing washer. The cover elements may comprise steel, in particular lacquered steel. They may have a wavy shape for example. The covering elements may consist, for example, of steel tanks. The covering elements may for example be made of a lacquered steel profile, for example of a slate blue color, the lacquer having for example a thickness of 25 .mu.m. The thickness of the cover elements may be 63 or 75 hundredths of a millimeter. The lacquer, possibly deposited on the cover elements, can provide long-term protection against corrosion. The covering elements may have, for example, a profile comprising at least one wave, or even a plurality of waves, in particular six waves, for example 30 mm, 35 mm or 40 mm high. The space between the photovoltaic module and the covering elements, which can be formed by the waves of the covering elements for example, can create a chimney effect which cools the photovoltaic module and can thus improve the performance of the photovoltaic module. -this. The underside of the cover elements may be covered with a felt, including an anti-condensation felt or drainage. The cover elements may have the function of ensuring the watertightness of the roofing surface. The cover surface forming a non-zero slope, the rainwater trickles on the roofing elements and can be evacuated downhill by a gutter or a gutter, if any. The overlap between two adjacent roofing elements can be about 200 mm, which can prevent the penetration of water by capillarity or runoff inside the building. On the cover surface, it is possible and sometimes necessary to replace in places an opaque cover element with a translucent or transparent cover element, made for example of thick plastic material so as to let the external light. Translucent or transparent roofing elements are needed, for example, for roofs of farm buildings, especially those housing animals. In this case, no photovoltaic module will be placed on the translucent or transparent cover elements. The translucent cover elements may have the same profile as the other cover elements. They can have a high mechanical strength being for example made of polyester 1200 joules. Alternatively, the cover elements may be replaced by a curb adapted profile, for example on industrial or public buildings.

The purlins constitute the transverse beams forming the support for fixing the covering elements and the counter-breakdowns. Thanks to the invention and in particular the presence of relatively rigid counter-breakdowns extending substantially transversely to the purlins, the purlins can be fixed on the frame covered by the cover surface at a relatively large distance from them the prior art, being for example between 1.38m and 2m approximately. The purlins can for example be made of galvanized steel, for example made of cold-formed profile known sigma type, for example brand MULTIBEAM or equivalent.

The purlins are designed to be able to support the weight of the entire fixing system and photovoltaic modules according to the CM66 or Eurocode construction rules in force. It is understood that the photovoltaic modules and the wiring and other electrical elements are not limiting and can be of any type without departing from the scope of the invention. The fastening system may comprise a false frame, for example to improve the aesthetics of the assembly. The false frame can for example be made of aluminum or steel, in particular lacquered, intended to be positioned in the upper part of the roofing surface to, depending on the layout, ensure aesthetic consistency photovoltaic ramps for positioning the ridge. Between the top of the last photovoltaic module at the top of the rampant and the false frame, there may be an opening to allow the air circulating between the cover and the photovoltaic modules to escape and thus to create a chimney effect. If the ridge is open, this opening may not be necessary.

According to another of its aspects, the subject of the invention is also a method of forming a roofing surface intended to receive at least one photovoltaic module comprising the following steps: laying a first counter-fault, substantially transversely to a failure, arranged to support said at least one photovoltaic module, to install a first cover element and possibly fix it on said failure so that the first counter-fault is in contact with the first cover element; disposing a second counter-fault in possible contact with the first covering element, said first covering element separating the first and second counter-breakdowns, possibly having a second covering element so as to leave a non-zero space with the first element of cover, said space being covered at least partially by said counter-fault; reiterate all the steps at least once so as to form said surface. With the method of forming a surface according to the invention, it is possible to prepare a roof for subsequently receiving one or more photovoltaic modules.

The invention also relates to a method of fixing said at least one photovoltaic module on a covering surface implementing the steps of the training method described above, the fixing method comprising the following steps: - to put a photovoltaic module on the first and second adjacent faults, possibly pass electrical cables into the openings of the counters and / or connect the cables of the photovoltaic modules by respecting the polarities, and in particular to fix the pre-wired mass braid on the frame of the photovoltaic module on counter-failure, - report and fix fixing means on at least each of said two adjacent counter-failures, so as to maintain by clamping said photovoltaic module. The method of attachment may comprise the step of placing in the direction of the slope several juxtaposed photovoltaic modules, on the first and second counter-breakdowns, between the bottom and the top of the slope of the cover surface. This row of photovoltaic modules forms the photovoltaic rampant. The fixing method may include the step of disposing, before installing the photovoltaic module, an insulating spacer on at least one counter-fault, so that there is no direct contact between the photovoltaic module and the counter-fault. The covering surface having a non-zero slope, the method may in this case include the step of fixing, on at least one against-failure, a retaining element, such as a screw, and to pose the photovoltaic module in bearing against this retaining element to be able to hold it in place on the surface before fixing the fixing means. The laying and fixing step of the fastening means may consist in laying a profile on a photovoltaic module or on two adjacent photovoltaic modules separated by a spacer of the counter-fault formed by an upper plane and two lateral walls defining this upper plane, and to fix the profile with the help of screws in particular, on the counter-fault, in particular on said upper plane. The length of a mounting profile may be greater than that of a photovoltaic module. In this case, we will fix the profile only when we have arranged several, including two or three photovoltaic modules one above the other, in the direction of the slope.

5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of two embodiments, given as non-limiting illustrative examples of the invention. invention, and appended drawings, among which: Figure 1 schematically illustrates a first embodiment of a fastening system according to the invention, in a perspective and partial view; 2 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view from above and partially, a roof surface comprising the fixing system of Figure 1; 3 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of a fastening system according to the invention, in a perspective and partial view; Figure 4 schematically illustrates, in a perspective view from above and partially, a roof surface comprising the fastening system of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an isolated counter-failure; and Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the counter-fault of Figure 5 assembled with the other elements of the cover surface.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first exemplary embodiment of a fastening system 1 of at least one photovoltaic module P on a cover surface S, according to the invention. In the example shown, the roofing surface S consists of a roof, in particular a roof of an industrial building, for example with a roof slope greater than about 10%, or of an agricultural building, for example for a roof. breeding (stable, henhouse) or shed. The covering surface comprises a plurality of covering elements 2, two of which are visible in FIGS. 1 and 2. These two covering elements 2 are adjacent, fixed on purlins 3 or transverse beams. These failures 3 are part of the frame of the building.

The two adjacent cover elements 2 have between them a space of a distance e. The distance e may, for example, be between 50 mm and 120 mm. In the illustrated example, the cover elements 2, also called sealing tanks, are made of lacquered steel profile, for example slate blue, for example 63 or 75 hundredths of a millimeter thick having a plurality 4 wave, 4 in this example, although they are not all visible in the figure. Each wave 4 may have a height h of between 35 mm and 45 mm, for example equal to 35 mm, 40 mm or 45 mm. The cover elements 2 are placed on the cover surface S so that the waves 4 are arranged substantially transversely to the purlins 3, in the direction of the slope of the surface of the cover, in particular so as to allow the runoff of rain water down the cover surface. The lower face 5 or inner face is covered, in the illustrated example, an anti-condensation felt or drainage felt, not visible in the figures. It should be noted that the space formed between the photovoltaic modules P and the cover elements 2 due to the presence of the waves 4, can allow the flow of air over the cover surface S allowing good aeration and a good cooling of the photovoltaic modules P and therefore a better performance thereof. If two cover elements 2 are juxtaposed in the direction of the slope, one being above the other, the overlap distance may be greater than 150 mm, in particular about 200 mm so as to avoid penetration water by capillarity or runoff inside the building.

The fixing system 1 according to the invention of at least one photovoltaic module P on a cover surface S comprises, in the illustrated example, a counter-fault 10 disposed on and even in the empty space formed between the two elements. 2 adjacent covers. The counter-fault 10 is in contact with at least one, two in the illustrated example, adjacent cover elements 2. The counter-fault 10 is disposed in the space between the two adjacent cover elements 2 so as to contribute to the sealing of the surface. The counter-failure 10 comprises at least a first plane 16 (two in this example) forming a base arranged to allow the attachment of the counter-fault 10 on at least one cover element 2. The counter-fault 10 comprises at least one second plane 11, two in number in the illustrated example, in elevation relative to the first plane 16 extending substantially parallel to the upper surface of the photovoltaic modules P when they are arranged on the cover surface S. Each first plane 16 is connected to a second plane 1 1 by a substantially vertical wall 15. The height of the walls 15 is provided to allow the recovery of a wave 4 by the counter-failure, with a second plane bearing on the top of a wave 4. In the example shown, the two second plans 11 are extend on both sides of side walls 12 substantially perpendicular to the second planes 11. The two side walls 12 are themselves separated by a third plane 13 in elevation relative to the second planes and substantially parallel to the second planes 11. all of the side walls 12 and the third plane 13 is intended to form a spacer between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. In the illustrated example, each second plane 11 is arranged to receive a photovoltaic module, in particular a lower edge 20 of a photovoltaic module P. In this example, a same counter-fault 10 is arranged to support on these second planes 11 two adjacent photovoltaic modules P as shown. These two photovoltaic modules P are separated by a distance approximately equal to the width l of the third plane 13 of the counter-fault 10. In the illustrated example, one of the first planes 16 constitutes the base wall of a hollow formed between the side wall 15 and another side wall 17 substantially parallel to the side wall 15. This side wall 17 is itself connected to a plane 18 substantially parallel to the first plane 16, in elevation outwardly. The plane 18 is itself connected to an end wall 19 at an angle to the side wall 17, pointing downwards. The height of the wall 17 is provided to allow the recovery of the plane 18 of the counter-failure by a wave 4, possibly with the top of a wave 4 resting on the plane 18. The other first plane 16 constitutes another end of the counter-fault 10. Thus, in the example shown, there is no symmetry in the counter-fault 10. In addition, in this example, the second planes 11 do not have the same width between them but are located at the same height, in this example. The form of the counter-failure 10 in this example is carried out so as to ensure a high rigidity to the counter-failure which makes it possible to carry the photovoltaic modules and to participate in the strength of the structure so that the failures can be more spaced apart from each other than in the prior art. The counter-failure 10 is made, in the example illustrated, of steel coated with a layer of lacquer with a thickness of 25 m, the thickness of the steel being between about 15 and 20 tenths of a mm in this case. example. Lacquer deposited in a layer on the counter-failure 10 provides long-term protection against corrosion. Due to its shape and positioning on the cover surface S, the counter-failure 10 contributes to the sealing of the cover surface. Indeed, the overlap with each of the adjacent cover elements is such that it removes the upwelling capillary. In the illustrated example, the connections between each of the two adjacent cover elements 2 having a space between them and the counter-fault 10 are sealed. In the illustrated example, the underside 25 or inside of the counter-fault 10 is covered with an anti-condensation or drainage felt, not visible in the figure, so as to eliminate condensation phenomena. In another embodiment not illustrated, the counter-fault does not include anti-condensation felt. The counter-fault 10 comprises (not visible in the figures for the sake of clarity of the drawing) at least one opening or a plurality of openings equipped for example son pass. These openings allow the passage of electrical cables in direct current connecting the photovoltaic modules together to form strings. The purlins 3 can be fixed on the frame of the building with a center distance between 1.3m and 2 m, in particular between 1.38 m 2 m for example. They can be made of galvanized steel as in the example illustrated, known sigma type cold profile, for example brand MULTIBEAM or equivalent. The purlins 3 are designed to withstand the weight of about 22 kg / m 2 of the cover elements 2, against-breakdowns 10 and photovoltaic modules P, in accordance with the CM66 or Eurocode construction rules. When an existing roof is replaced by the roofing surface according to the invention, it is first checked that roof failures can be reused. If this is not the case, we replace them. The purlins 3 may alternatively, not illustrated, be made of wood.

In the illustrated example, an intermediate part 30 made of an insulating material such as a plastic material is placed between the photovoltaic module P and the counter-failure 10, in particular between the lower edge 20 of the photovoltaic panel P and the second plane I In the illustrated example, the insert 30 is in the form of a bracket comprising two branches 31 and 32 perpendicular to each other. The branch 31 is inserted between the lower edge 20 of the photovoltaic module P and the second plane 11 of the counter-fault 10, while the branch 32 is inserted between the lateral edge 21 of the photovoltaic module P and the side wall 12 of the the counter-failure 10, so that there is no direct contact between the photovoltaic module and the counter-fault 10. The branches 31 and 32 are in this example of equal lengths, in particular equal to 15mm each approximately. The frame (or border) of the photovoltaic module P is generally made of aluminum, and the counter-fault 10 is, in the example shown, made of lacquered steel, so that the intermediate part 30 eliminates any risk of corrosion. counter-failure 10, corrosion that could take place due to the direct friction of the photovoltaic module and the counter-fault, in particular under the influence of thermal expansion or slight differential movements under the influence for example of the wind and because of a galvanic chemical pair between the aluminum of the frame of the photovoltaic module P and the steel of the counter-fault 10. The cover elements 2 and the counter-breakdowns 10 are fixed together and possibly with the 3 as illustrated using, for example, self-tapping screws 40 with sealing washer, two screws 40 being visible in FIG. 1. The fixing of the counter-breakdowns 10 and the covering elements 2 can be seen in FIG. to be different without departing from the scope of the invention.

In order to fix the photovoltaic modules P on the cover surface S, the photovoltaic modules P of the counter-fault 10 are reported with fixing means intended to be fixed on the counter-fault 10, so as to hold in place by clamping. the photovoltaic module P on the cover surface S.

In the example illustrated, the fastening means comprise a profile 50, in the form of omega in this example, comprising in the illustrated example, two edges 51 substantially in the same plane coming into contact with the upper edge 22 of the frame of the photovoltaic module P. The two edges 51 of the profile 50 are separated by a hollow formed of a wall 52 substantially parallel to the edges 51. The edges 51 and the wall 52 of the profile 50 are connected by the side walls 53 extending from and the other of the wall 52. The profile 50 is made in the illustrated example of aluminum lacquered with a layer of lacquer with a thickness of 25 Frm. The profile has a thickness of between about 10 and 15 tenths of a mm in this example. The role of the profile 50 is to come opposite the upper edge 13 of the counter-fault 10 by the wall 52 to allow the attachment of the profile 50 to the counter-fault 10. The photovoltaic modules P are maintained on the cover surface S by fastening the profile 50 to the counter-purlins 10 by means of fixing screws 60, one of which is visible in FIG. 1, which may be for example four in number, these screws being, for example, self-tapping and positioned at approximately 150 mm from the bottom and the top of the photovoltaic modules. P. The wall 52 of the profile 50 and the third plane 13 of the counter-fault 10 may be in contact or not with each other. In FIG. 2, there is shown the fixing system without the profile 50 so that the third plane 13 of the counter-fault 10 can be seen.

Even if it is not visible, in the example illustrated, a false frame made of aluminum or steel, possibly lacquered, can be positioned in the upper part of the cover surface S to, depending on the layout, ensure consistency aesthetic to photovoltaic crawlers and allow a positioning of the ridge.

Between the top of the last photovoltaic module located at the top of the crawl and the false frame, there may be an opening to allow the air circulating between the cover and the modules to escape and thus to create a chimney effect. If the ridge is open, this additional opening is not necessary. The color of the covering elements 2, counter-purlins 10 and profiles 50 may be homogeneous, for example, with slate color RAL 5008, that is to say a color similar to that of the photovoltaic cells so as to give the whole a visual aesthetic appearance and coherent.

There may be a space between the top of a wave 4 of a cover element 2 and the photovoltaic module. To form a cover surface S intended to receive at least one photovoltaic module P, one can proceed in the following manner, at least one or even at least two times. A first counter-fault 10 is placed arranged to support the said at least one photovoltaic module P. It is possible to fix this counter fault on one or more failures. A first cover element 2 is fixed. It is optionally fixed on a failure 3. The first covering element 2 is positioned so that the counter-failure 10 is in contact with the first covering element 2. More precisely, positioning the last wave 4 present at the end of the first cover member 2 placed so as to allow it to overlap the counter-fault 10. There is a second counter-fault 10 next to the first cover element 2, the same way, for example as the first counter-failure vis-à-vis the first cover element 2. It can then put a second cover element 2 away from the first cover element, this space being covered at least partially by the second counter-fault 10, or completely in the illustrated example. The second cover element is arranged such that the wave 4 has at its end (on the side of the counter-fault) come overlap the plane 18 of the second counter-fault. The cover elements 2 can be fixed by self-tapping screws with sealing washer on the purlins 3, according to the rules of the art and the supplier specifications.

To fix at least one photovoltaic module P on a cover surface thus formed S, it is possible to proceed as follows. A photovoltaic module P is placed on the adjacent first and second counterflashes, separated from each other by at least one cover element 2, as a function of the dimensions of the covering elements 2 and the photovoltaic modules P. These dimensions may be chosen from so that the width of the cover elements 2 is equal to the width of the photovoltaic modules. Fixing means are attached and fixed on at least each of the first and second adjacent counter-failures 10, so as to maintain by clamping the photovoltaic module P. It is also possible to pass the electric cables into the openings made in the counter-breakdowns. and / or connect the cables of the photovoltaic modules respecting the polarities, fix the pre-wired ground braid on the frame of the photovoltaic module on the counter-fault.

One end of the ground braid can be attached to the visible and accessible portion of the counter-fault, located above or below the photovoltaic module that is to be installed, relative to the axis of the photovoltaic ramp. The length of the fastening profile, as well as the length of the counter-fault, may be greater than that of the photovoltaic module so that it may be necessary to fix the fastening profile only once several, especially two or three photovoltaic modules placed on the cover surface in the direction of the slope of the rampant. In the example illustrated and as described above, the fixing means comprise the profile 50.

Before disposing the photovoltaic module P, it is possible to place an insulating spacer piece 30 on the second plane 11 of one or both of the countershafts 10 so that there is no direct contact between the photovoltaic module P and the counter-breakdown (s) 10.

To keep in place the photovoltaic module P and while waiting to bring the profile 50 and fix it on the counter-fault 10, it is possible to have on the counter-fault 10 a retaining element 70 such as a screw so as to maintain in place the photovoltaic module P the time of fixation, the surface S being generally sloping and not horizontal. Such a screw 70 is visible in Figure 1. At the end of the process, one can position the false frame and screw caps or banks. These caps can be lacquered aluminum. Another exemplary embodiment has been illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. This second embodiment is implemented, for example on roofs of buildings such as stables or manure, having a small space between two cover elements 2 adjacent, to allow aeration and ventilation of the building to evacuate vapors and other miasmas, allowing the air of the barn or manure to be healthier. This second embodiment differs from the first in that the counter-purge 10 has a shape making it possible to contribute to the sealing of the cover surface S without, however, completely closing off the space formed between two adjacent cover elements 2, as can be seen in FIG. can see it in Figure 3 in particular. As in the first embodiment, the counter-fault 10 comprises two second planes 11 arranged to support a photovoltaic module P. The second planes are parallel to each other, separated by two side walls 12 and a third plane 13 in elevation with respect to second shots. The third plane 13 can be used to fix a profile 50 identical to that of the first embodiment but not shown in the example shown for the sake of clarity of the drawing.

In this embodiment, one of the second planes 11 constitutes a lateral end of the counter-fault 10 while the other second plane 11 is connected by a side wall 15 substantially parallel to the side wall 12 to a first plane 16 substantially parallel to the second planes 11 and third plane 13, below them. This first plane 16 is partly in contact with a cover element 2 with which it is fixed by means of a screw 40 in the illustrated example. In this example, the first plane 16 forms the other lateral end of the counter-fault 10. It should be noted that FIGS. 1 and 2 show overflows, in particular counter-breakdowns 10 and covering elements 2, with respect to the photovoltaic modules. P while in Figures 3 and 4, no overshoot is visible. At the bottom of the slope, there can be no overshoot of the counter-breakdowns 10 and cover elements 2 compared to the lowest photovoltaic modules. Figures 1 and 2 have thus been illustrated to better show the different elements of the coverage area, without these exceedances are necessarily realized in reality. In the example illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the counter-failure 10 corresponds to that of FIGS. 3 and 4, comprising a first plane 16, two second planes II, side walls 12 and a third plane 13, the latter forming together a spacer. The counter-fault 10 further comprises a tongue 9 extending over the entire length of the counter-fault connected to the first plane 16 with which it forms an angle α which can be between 150 and 170 °, for example equal to about 159 °. This tongue 9 is compressed, as can be seen in FIG. 6, by a covering element 2 so that it is then substantially in the extension of the first plane 16. The role of this tongue 9 is to prevent the Water does not migrate by capillarity under the cover element and therefore does not drip into the building. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described. The counter-failure 10 may have a different shape, as well as the cover elements, without departing from the scope of the invention.

The counter-fault can be made in one piece, for example metal as indicated above, or have a plurality of parts fixed together. In particular, the counter-failure may comprise at least two parts, the first part possibly comprising for example the first plane and one or two planes, while the second part may comprise the third plane and possibly the side walls so that that this second piece forms the spacer, for example. This second piece may for example be made of plastic, and also form the aforementioned insert. The space between two adjacent cover elements at least partially covered by a counter-failure may be non-zero. Throughout the description, the expression including one must be understood as being synonymous with the expression having at least one, unless the opposite is specified.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. System for fixing at least one photovoltaic module (P) on a roofing surface (S), in particular on a roof, said roofing surface (S) comprising at least two adjacent roofing elements (2) fixed on faults ( 3), the system being characterized by the fact that it comprises: a counter-failure (10) comprising at least a first plane (16) forming a base arranged to allow the attachment of the counter-fault (10) to at least a cover element (2) and / or at least one failure (3), two second planes (11) in elevation with respect to said first plane (16), said second planes (11) being arranged to support at least one module photovoltaic (P) and a third plane (13) in elevation with respect to the second planes, delimited by two side walls (12), the whole of the third plane (13) and side walls (12) being intended to form a spacer between two photovoltaic modules, fixing means (50, 60 ) to be reported on the photovoltaic module (P) and to be fixed on the counter-fault (10) so as to maintain in place by clamping the photovoltaic module (P) on the cover surface (S). 2. System according to claim 1, comprising at least one insert part (30) insulating arranged to be arranged on at least a second plane (II) to form an insulation between the second plane (11) and the photovoltaic module (P). ). 3. System according to the preceding claim, wherein said intermediate part (30) is arranged to be disposed against at least one side wall (12) adjacent said second plane (11) to form an insulation between the side wall (12). and the photovoltaic module (P). 4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing means (50, 60) comprise a profile (50) attached to the photovoltaic module and a plurality of screws (60), including self-tapping screws, for fixing said profile (50) to the counter-fault (10), in particular to the third plane (13) of the counter-fault (10). 5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter-fault (I0) comprises at least one opening for the passage of cables. 6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter-failure comprises steel, especially lacquered steel or galvanized. 7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter-fault (10) comprises a tongue (9) extending over at least a portion of the length of the counter-fault, connected to the foreground (16). ) with which it forms an angle α which may be between 150 ° and 170 °, in particular equal to about 159 °. 8. Covering surface (S), such as a roof, comprising a plurality of purlins (3), at least two adjacent cover elements (2) and a system for fixing at least one photovoltaic module on said surface such as as defined in any one of the preceding claims. 9. Surface according to the preceding claim, wherein said two cover elements (2) have a space between them at least partially covered by said counter-failure (10). 10. Surface according to the preceding claim, wherein the counter-fault (10) is attached to the two adjacent cover elements (2) so that the cover surface (S) is sealed. 11. Surface according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the cover elements (2) comprise steel, including steel, and have a corrugated shape.