FR2937473A1 - METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE POWER CONSUMED ON AN ELECTRICITY NETWORK - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of regulating the power consumed on an electrical network (1), in which an entity (20) exerts actions causing the reduction of the consumption of consumers (2-6) eligible for said actions in order to reduce the overall electrical power consumed , characterized in that: ▪ each eligible consumer (2-6) communicates to said entity (20) the following parameters: · the maximum acceptable duration (D1, D2, D3) of said action, · the minimum delay (A1, A2 , A3) acceptable to trigger said action, from a given moment, · the maximum value (P1, P2, P3) acceptable of the reduction of electrical power consumed during the duration of the action, • the entity ( 20) selects a subset of eligible consumers based on a combination of said parameters communicated by the eligible consumers, and the desired overall power reduction (23); ▪ the entity carries out a series of individual actions on the consumers (2-6) of said subset.

Description

-1- METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE POWER CONSUMED ON AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK

TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of production and distribution of electricity. It relates more particularly to a process concerning the regulation of the power consumed, in order to maintain equilibrium with the power produced.

PRIOR ART In general, it is known that electrical energy can not be stored in the sense that it is not possible on an industrial scale to make reserves of it, when the production is greater than the consumption. On the other hand, a permanent equilibrium must exist between production and consumption, on pain of seeing the main parameters, namely the minimum voltage and the frequency beyond the ranges that are defined in a standardized way, and whose respect is the responsibility of the consumer. entity responsible for the distribution of electricity and the management of the network.

The problem of managing this balance between production and consumption tends to become more complex because of several factors, and in particular the increase in the number of consumers, the growth of demand during certain periods of the year, and for example during extreme temperature periods where heating or cooling equipment is used.

In addition, the interconnection of the different networks at the national and continental levels increases the risks of imbalance.

Thus, to ensure good regulation, and overcome sudden increases in consumption, the network is configured to use production reserves that are cascaded. Thus, in general terms, the primary reserve is the capacity of certain installations, and in particular the thermal groups, to increase their production very rapidly, with an inertia of the order of a minute or less. . These reserves are therefore solicited by the entity managing the network and this almost immediately.

The same entity has at its disposal reserves qualified as secondary reserves, which can be mobilized with greater inertia, of the order of ten minutes or so.

These secondary reserves are, for example, those which can be produced by reservoir hydraulic units and can be activated to take over primary reserves, and to maintain the frequency which tends to increase when primary reserves are used.

In addition, the entity managing the network also has at its disposal qualified tertiary reserves, which can be mobilized in a longer time, typically greater than 15 minutes, in order to also take over from the secondary reserves.

The obligation to maintain a balance between consumption and production therefore imposes that the network includes production capacities that are overall significantly greater than the maximum peak power that can reach consumption. It is therefore conceivable that certain production equipment is connected to the network whereas it is likely to function only for very short periods, and moreover, rarely.

Thus, studies have shown that 10% of the installed power is only used for 1% of the time on an annual cycle. The cost inherent in this ability to overcome peaks in consumption is, of course, particularly high, and is inevitably reflected in the cost of energy.

5 Therefore, various solutions have already been proposed to ensure a targeted reduction in consumption during periods of high demand.

Thus, in WO 2008/017754 and WO 03/084022 10, systems have been described in which the power consumed by all consumers is relieved, so as to reduce overall consumption. It is conceivable that these systems have multiple disadvantages.

Indeed, the evaluation of the power thus shed is hardly predictable, insofar as it results from the sum of the individual load shedding of a large number of consumers, of which we do not know, a priori, the actual power consumed. The power-off value must thus be evaluated by statistical methods. These methods take into account the large number of consumers to which this load shedding can be applied, as well as an individually consumed power, evaluated theoretically, for example as a function of the maximum power power contracted.

Thus, it is possible that a load shedding order sent to a number of consumers will not produce the desired effects if their consumption is not sufficient at the time the load shedding is applied. In addition, to ensure sufficient leverage, the number of consumers on which this load shedding can be applied must be particularly high, which multiplies the number of load shedding devices to install, and generates complexity in terms of management.

In other words, the regulation based on consumer consumption management of consumer users is random and complex. One of the objectives of the invention is to provide a method which makes it possible to overcome these disadvantages, by improving the productivity of the energy reserves and by simplifying its implementation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention thus relates to a method for regulating the power consumed on an electrical network, in which an entity performs actions that reduce the consumption of a certain number of consumers eligible for said actions, with a view to to reduce the overall electrical power consumed.

According to the invention, and for the implementation of this method, each eligible consumer communicates to a regulating entity a set of parameters among which are: the maximum acceptable duration of the action aimed at a reduction in power consumed; the minimum acceptable time for triggering this action from a given moment; the maximum acceptable value of the reduction in electrical power consumed in the duration of the action in question.

The regulating entity then selects a subset of eligible consumers based on a combination of the parameters communicated by each of these consumers, in line with the desired overall power reduction.

The regulator then performs a series of individual actions on the different selected consumers.

In other words, the invention consists in choosing a certain number of consumers likely to participate in the constitution of fast reserves, and in the crushing of peaks of overconsumption. The invention also makes it possible to meet the needs expressed by the regulatory entity, for example to compensate for an unforeseen drop in production. More precisely, it makes it possible to know to what extent and in what conditions each of these consumers is likely to voluntarily reduce their power consumed for a given period of time and with a given notice.

Therefore, depending on the potential power reduction capacity consumed and the associated time parameters, it is possible to combine these power reduction offers to obtain an overall reduction in power, 10 and its evolution over time, which allow the constitution of the power reductions. quick reserves and the passage of overconsumption peaks.

The selection of consumers whose power reduction is well known and whose commitment is ensured, makes it possible to determine in a precise and certain manner, and with good anticipation capacity, actions to be carried out to obtain with certainty. the desired reduction of consumption. The fact that the consumer sets the acceptable parameters for load shedding, and can vary them, allows him to offer greater shedding power than if the values were fixed, and therefore chosen at a minimum level. This 20 therefore makes it possible to increase the load-shedding power per consumer and the number of eligible consumers likely to participate in the load shedding program.

In fact, the regulatory entity may be the authority that provides overall regulation of the network, or even an independent entity acting as an intermediary between a number of consumers and the network regulator. Similarly, by consumer, we mean of course the customers in the sense of subscribers to a distribution network, but also within the installation of the same customer, the various centers of electrical consumption that are for example production lines or electrical equipment, or even machines taken individually. In practice, the method can be even more effective when the eligible consumers also communicate to the regulatory identity a repeatability criterion, corresponding to the maximum number of actions that it is likely to accept over a period of time. predetermined. In other words, this criterion makes it possible to determine the number of total or partial load shedding that the consumer is ready to accept over a given period, typically the week, the month or the year. This repeatability can also be expressed as a minimal acceptable time between the end of an action and the beginning of the next action. Thus, a consumer may require to have a nominal power supply of a given number of hours between two load shedding.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the eligible consumer may also communicate a parameter corresponding to an evaluation of a remuneration which is granted to him in return for the action. In other words, the provision of a power reserve can be the subject of a financial transaction, the amount of which is taken into account by the regulatory entity to decide and optimize the overall cost of the desired reduction in consumption. . This evaluation may result in compensation based on the energy released, or the allocation to a particular rate. In other words, the consumer can set the amount of this remuneration, which is one of the conditions to be respected for him to agree to participate effectively in the power reduction operation. Thus, the amount of this remuneration, which may be variable over time, is that the consumer accepts or not to see its reduced consumption.

In practice, the invention can be implemented in different ways depending on whether, for example, the consumption reduction action is exerted directly by the regulating entity on the consumer's electrical installation, or even that the consumer exercises himself on his own installation the action of reduction, at the request of the regulating entity. In other words, the regulating entity may have the capacity to act directly on the consumer's installation without the intervention of the latter, or even to send orders for total or partial load shedding that the consumer must respect. .

The power reduction action can result in a total shutdown of the 5 installations concerned or, as the case may be, by a reduction only in the power consumed.

Brief Description of the Figures The manner of carrying out the invention as well as the advantages thereof will be apparent from the description of the embodiment which follows, in support of the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram showing various facilities and how information is exchanged between consumers and the regulator. FIG. 2 is a set of chronographs showing the parameters relating to several consumers and the overall power reduction resulting from the combination of these individual reductions.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 schematically illustrates various electrical installations connected to an electrical distribution network. Thus, the distribution network 1 supplies different consumption centers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

More specifically, in the form illustrated in FIG. 1, a first customer 7 of the customer is equipped with three installations 2, 3, 4, while a second customer 8 has the installations 5, 6, each forming consumption.

The consumption centers of each customer 7, 8 are supervised by a control unit 9, 10, which gathers the data and parameters relating to the different installations 2, 3, 4; 5, 6 they supervise. These different consumption centers are in direct or indirect communication with a regulating entity 20, which regulates the power consumed in accordance with the method of the invention.

Thus, this entity 20 receives information from the authority 22 managing the network 1 relating to the needs for reducing the consumption intended to cope, for example, with a phase of over-consumption, or with a decrease in the available capacities. of production.

This information 23 can be expressed in different ways depending on the type of network in particular.

Each control unit 9, 10 knows from each consumption center 2-6, various parameters which are related to its operation, and which are related to load shedding capabilities.

Thus, each consumption center 2-6 communicates to its control unit 9, 10 parameters corresponding to the power value that it is likely to consume more when it receives the control command, as well as the value actually consumed in real time, for control purposes.

This available power can be offered for a fixed period of time, and with a period of notice that must be respected to allow the consumer to perform the various operations before the total or partial load shedding.

For example, some production units have production or processing lines that can be stopped to perform maintenance operations. Thus, the invention makes it possible to anticipate and program these maintenance periods so as to take advantage of the corresponding reduction in electric power consumption, in order to make the overall consumption of the network benefit from it. Since the user is warned in advance, according to the notice time, he can trigger a maintenance operation when he is requested by the regulating entity.

Among the parameters also transmitted to the control unit 9, 10 is a repeatability criterion, indicating how much load shedding can be carried out over a long period of time, typically measured in days, weeks or months, or even the duration. minimum between two load shedding.

The information 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 transmitted by each installation are collected by the control unit 9, 10 specific to the consumer, then sent to the regulating entity 20. This regulating entity therefore receives the information 37 , 38, corresponding to the load shedding capacity on the centers of consumption 2-6. According to the needs 23 expressed by the entity 22 managing the electrical network 1, the regulating entity 20 develops, as far as possible, the optimal sequence of load shedding actions which will have to take place in order to ensure power reduction. at least equal to needs 23.

The mode of communication of the different information can be very varied, and has no real impact on the invention.

These actions can take place in different ways. Thus, with regard to the consumer 7, the load shedding commands 47 are sent to the control unit 9 which then distributes the load shedding commands 42, 43, 44, total or partial on all of its installations 2 , 3, 4.

With regard to the client 8, the load shedding command 48 is sent directly by the control unit 20 to the installation 5 via the control unit 10, but the client 8 can not to oppose it. This is called Automatic Remote Control or Automatic Tele Control

As already mentioned, each consumer may subject his supply of available power to a financial counterpart to be borne by the regulator, or the authority in charge of the network and the supply of energy 22. This economic parameter can be taken into account by the regulator 20 to ensure the selection of different competing offers.

Thus, for example, a first offer may consist of the following parameters: 100 100 MW of available power offered, 1 1 hour of load shedding time, 10 10 minutes of notice, and a repeatability twice a week at the most , Without exceeding more than once a day, the direct control of the installation by the regulating entity. Economic conditions combining a fixed part of participation in the load-shedding program, and a variable part depending on the energy actually discharged during a given period. Another example of an available power supply may be: 100 100MW available power available, une 2h load shedding time, un 30 min notice, no repeatability requirement, 20 sans without a takeover directly with a minimum financial contribution acceptable for the load shedding operation.

Of course, the various criteria and parameters can be fixed or else change over time, in particular as a function of changes in the configurations of the installations, and the overall context of operation of the customer's installations.

An exemplary implementation of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. The first chronograph C 1 shows on the ordinate the available power offered as a function of time on the abscissa.

Thus, it is observed that after a notice Al, the corresponding consumption center is likely to reduce its power consumption by a value P 1, and for a duration D1. The repeatability criterion illustrated here corresponds to the interval R1 between two unloading trips.

Curves C2 and C3 are similar curves giving powers available with different parameters.

The chronograph G thus illustrates the overall available power available by combining the offers of the three consumers C1, C2, C3. It can be observed that the available power Pd corresponding to the needs expressed by the network regulating authority (and represented by a mixed line) can be provided for a long period of time, by the combination of the successive unloading actions of the different consumers C1, C2, C3.

Of course, the curve is given for illustrative purposes only and is deliberately simplified only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention. In reality, the number of consumers can be much greater and the different power offers can overlap and combine over time without having to succeed one another as is the case on the figure. Similarly, the choices between several eligible consumption centers can be made according to the overall costs to be borne by the regulatory entity, resulting from the offers of each of the consumption centers.

It follows from the foregoing that the invention has many advantages, and in particular that of allowing a reduction in power consumption which is perfectly predictable, and this by acting on a limited number of consumers, including the power reduction commitment. is certain. In addition, it makes it possible to make a choice and / or a hierarchy of offers, if necessary to use the most suitable consumers. Moreover, it makes it possible to maximize the

Claims (1)

CLAIMS1 / A method of regulating the power consumed on an electrical network (1), in which an entity (20) exerts actions causing the reduction of the consumption of consumers (2-6) eligible for said actions in order to reduce the electrical power consumed aggregate, characterized in that: each eligible consumer (2-6) communicates to said entity (20) the following parameters: • the maximum acceptable duration (D1, D2, D3) of said action, • the minimum delay ( Al, A2, A3) acceptable for triggering said action, from a given moment, the maximum value (P1, P2, P3) acceptable of the reduction of electric power consumed during the duration of the action, ^ the entity (20) selects a subset of eligible consumers based on a combination of said parameters communicated by the eligible consumers, and the desired overall power reduction (23); the entity carries out a series of individual actions on the consumers (2-6) of said subset. 2 / A control method according to claim 1 characterized in that the parameters (32, -36) communicated by said eligible consumer include a maximum number of acceptable actions over a predetermined period of time. 3. The control method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the parameters (32-36) communicated by said eligible consumer include a minimum acceptable time between the end of one of the actions and the beginning of the next action. 4 / A method of regulation according to claim 1 characterized in that the parameters (32-36) communicated by said eligible consumer include an evaluation of a remuneration granted to consumers in return for the action. 5 / A method of regulation according to claim 1 characterized in that the action (48) is exerted by the entity on the electrical installation of the consumer. 6 / A method of regulation according to claim 1 characterized in that the action is exerted by the consumer on his own electrical installation, at the request of the entity. 7 / Control method according to claim 1 characterized in that the action consists of a cancellation of the power consumed. 8 / A method of regulation according to claim 1 characterized in that the action 15 consists of a reduction of the power consumed.