FR2800157A1 - Method for heating or air-conditioning system involves central exchanger unit with circulator placed in contact with exterior of building, with hydraulic network feeding technical boxed of each house/office - Google Patents

Abstract

The method has a central exchanger unit (Dry cooler) (100) having a circulator (103) placed in contact with the exterior (101) of the building, with a hydraulic network (102) feeding the technical boxes of each house or office. These boxes are situated in corridor of the flat or house and has a compressor, an evaporator, a individual loop heater, a dehydrator filter, a condenser, a ventilator, a regulating plate, and a network of ventilating ducts towards the area to cool, and double deflection flow stops in each cooling area, motorized three-way valves for recycling the air in the ventilating plenum.

Description

DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a method of heating and / or air conditioning with the possibility of producing domestic hot water of buildings with multiple premises. The installation consists in using an individual thermodynamic group, connected to a water loop comprising the elements of ventilation, evaporation and condensation. Today, there are several types of heating and refrigeration, the most common are individual direct expansion or centralized.

The main disadvantages of these processes are <I> 1 </ I> Centralized Installations.

Constraints for the location of the HEAT PUMP (PAC) which is usually located on the terrace or in the basement Significant noise caused by the cooling of the heat pump Cumbersome and expensive acoustic treatment Implementation of complicated heat transfer fluid distribution networks and unsightly requiring dressings.

Complex maintenance of the installation.

In case of failure of the heat pump (PAC), all building facilities are out of service.

Individual counting of calories and expensive frigories with the obligation to take readings.

Impossibility for the user to choose his mode of operation hot cold.

Location of false ceiling air handling units requiring large plenum height that reduces ceiling height.

Access hatch, allowing the maintenance of unsightly devices. These traps are quickly degraded after 2 or 3 disassemblies. Energy loss of the distribution networks between the heat pump (PAC) and the individual devices Risk of leaks of heat transfer fluids or condensation water that can degrade the false ceilings.

 Delicate acoustic slow processing of indoor units> Air intake grilles apparent in false ceiling unsightly. <I> 2 Individual direct expansion installation </ I> Installation of outdoor units Noisy and unsightly external units Connection of refrigerant pipes between outdoor and indoor units unsightly and difficult to conceal Implantation of false ceiling indoor units with the same disadvantages as type above.

The control system allows no energy saving, on the contrary, because of the need for a constant air flow on the evaporator of the direct expansion group to the main room. In addition, this system makes the main room a priority over all other rooms.

Obligation to create a drainage network of outdoor units.

IN CONCLUSION In general, these types of installations combine the disadvantages and do not offer the advantages that can be expected on collective or individual systems namely reduced installation cost 7 grouping facilities in a minimum of place with direct access energy saving comfort and aesthetics efficient and adaptable operation depending on the destination of the premises (apartments, offices) Possibility to choose its heating or cooling mode individually. The process is a water loop heat pump for heating, cooling and heating domestic hot water of collective or individual dwellings. The air required for heating or air conditioning of the various parts of the house is conveyed by a fan blowing at low speed in a jarred duct system. The temperature of each room is adjusted individually via a room thermostat. During all phases of heating air conditioning, the heat pump ensures the heating of the hot water tank. This process offers full autonomy in the choice of hot or cold mode of operation in a completely individual way.

This process characterized by <U> thermodynamic cycle </ U> in_phase <U> "c </ U> li <u> matization" </ U> (b) Summer mode - Figure 2 <U> Calories to sanitary hot < / U> When an air-conditioning request is made, the refrigerant compressor the heat pump delivers superheated refrigerant gases (Freon R22 or 134A) (vapor phase 80 c) into the domestic hot water tank heat exchanger (item 215). Fig. 2). When in contact with colder water, Freon transfers calories to the water contained in the balloon (201 - Fig. 2) and warms it up.

<U> Calories to water condenser </ U> At the outlet of the domestic hot water tank (201 - Fig. 2), the Freon is conveyed to the cycle reversal valve (203 - Fig. 2) which directs it to the water condenser (205 - Fig.

In contact with colder water, Freon yields again calories.

This thermal exchange called "condensation" causes the Freon state change (vapor phase to the liquid phase).

 Frigories towards the air evaporator At the outlet of the condenser (205 - Fig. 2), the Freon is directed by a nonreturn valve (212 - Fig. 2) towards the filter drier (211 - Fig. 2) which separates it from these possible impurities.

He goes towards the regulator while crossing this one. The Freon passes suddenly from high to low pressure (goes from - 18 bars to - 4 bars). This sudden pressure change at the inlet of the evaporator (213 - Fig. 2) results in a significant decrease in the temperature of the refrigerant gas (from -35 ° C to Au contact with the Freon conveyed in the evaporator (213 - Fig. 2), the hot air sucks the centrifugal fan (214 - Fig. 2) gives up its calories, this air is then directed towards the parts composing the Dgement to air-condition it.This thermal exchange called "evaporation" causes on the Freon a change of state (vapor phase liquid phase).

<U> Return to the compressor </ U> At the evaporator outlet (213 - Fig. 2), the vapors are directed towards the cycle reversal valve (203 - Fig. 2) which directs them towards the compressor (204 - Fig. 2) to be compressed again and repeat a complete refrigeration cycle.

Refrigeration cycles only end when all rooms are air-conditioned. <U> Thermodyn cycle </ U> am <U> ique in </ U> pha <U> se "heating" </ U> (a) Winter mode- Figure 3) <U> Calories to sanitary hot </ U > When a heating request is made, the refrigerant compressor (304 - Fig. 3) of the heat pump discharges superheated refrigerant gases (Freon R22 or 134A) (vapor phase -) into the water tank exchanger. hot sanitary (315 - Fig.) In contact with the colder water, the Freon yields calories to the water contained in the flask (301 - Fig. 3) and warms it up.

<U> Calories to air condenser </ U> At the outlet of the domestic hot water tank, the Freon is conveyed to the cycle inversion valve (303 - Fig. 3) which directs it towards the condenser Air (313 Fig. 3) In contact with the freon conveyed in the condenser (313 - Fig. 3), the cold air sucked in the centrifugal fan (314 - Fig. 3) gives up its calories. This air is then directed to the component parts of the housing to heat it. This thermal exchange called "condensation" causes the Freon a change of state (vapor phase in the liquid phase). Frigories <U> to eva </ U> water porator A condenser outlet (313 - Fig. 3), the Freon is oriented by a non-return valve (reference 12 of the schematic diagram) towards the filter dehydrator (311 - Fig. 3) separates any impurities and then moves to the regulator (309 - Fig. 3). Crossing that Freon passes Li-utaly from high to low pressure (passes - 18 bars to - bars) .This sudden pressure change at the inlet of the evaporator 3 - Fig. 3) causes a significant drop in temperature refrigerant gas (passes = 35 ° C to -0 ° C.) In contact with the Freon conveyed in the evaporator (305 - Fig. 3), the water contained in it gives up its calories and warms it. called "evaporation" causes a change of state on the Freon (liquid phase 'the vapor phase).

<U> Return to the compressor </ U> At the evaporator outlet (305 - Fig. 3), the vapors are directed towards the cycle reversing valve (303 - Fig. 3) which directs them towards the compressor (304 - 3) to be compressed again and repeat a complete refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration cycles only end when all parts are heated.

<U> Regulation </ U> of temperatures <U> Domestic hot water tank </ U> The domestic hot water tank (301 - Fig. 3) is equipped with an exchanger (315 - Fig. 3) allowing, during all phases of heating or air conditioning, to ensure the reheating of the water contained therein. However, if the water temperature of the hot water tank is sufficient, the solenoid valve (302 - Fig. 3) opens or directs the Freon to the cycle reversal valve (303 - Fig. 3) preventing thus abnormal overheating of the balloon (301 - Fig. 3). During the so-called "hollow" hours, the balloon (301 FIG. 3) may be heated by the electrical resistance equipping it. This type of traditional reheating is very little used in this process, because the constant maintenance of the temperature of the balloon will be throughout the day, thus substantially reducing the expenses related to the electrical consumption of the water heater, Log <U> ement </ U> housing is equipped with a pilot probe setting temperatures Maxi: Winter Mini: Summer A 3-position selector allows the following modes 1) Heating 2) Off 3) Cold <U> Pieces (Figure </ U> 4 The set of parts making up the housing is equipped with a thermostat (408 - 4) which analyzes the temperature and compares it to its setpoint.If a difference of at least one degree is found, the latter opens an air shutter (404 - Fig. 4) which allows the air to blow into the room (407 - Fig. 4) In order to avoid any aberrant adjustment (eg room temperature 5 C or 35 C), the room temperature shall not be lower or higher than the limits set by All parts work on the same principle. When all the rooms have reached the desired temperature, the ventilation and the heating or cooling productions stop. No part has priority over the other. All are individually adjustable.

<U> Air treatment </ U> (<U> Figure </ U> 4 <U> Plenum of </ U> blowing The blower fan has in the upper part a plenum equipped with the set of shutters three tracks (404 - Fig. 4) necessary for the individual treatment of each part.

At each individual request of a room, for the cooling or the heating of its volume, the three-way flap (404 - Fig. 4) concerned opens, it authorizes the treatment of the room by the commissioning of the fan. Regardless of the number of rooms in demand for heating or cooling, the air flows per room do not change.

The three-way shutters allow, during the regulation of a room, to reinject the air blown to the suction of the technical cupboard thus improving these performances. <U> Air Distribution System </ U> The air distribution system (405 - Fig. 4) to rooms in rooms to be heated or conditioned from the technical closet (403 - Fig. 4) is made in double ducts iso phonic and anti-conderqation, located in the false ceilings of corridors and clearance (410 - Fig. 4) of the logerritjnt.

<U> Mouthboxes </ U> Mouthboxes (406 - Fig. 4) with soundproofing allow the connection of the air duct to the air outlet.

<U> Mouthpieces </ U> Blowing Outlets (407 - Fig. 4) from the air in the rooms to be heated or conditioned are placed in contact with the false ceilings (410 Fig. 4) at the right doors or partitions of the rooms to be treated. They are of the double-deflection type.

<U> Air return </ U> Air recirculation of each treated room will take place either under the doors (409 - Fig. 4), or by an air transfer grille. The air thus recovered on the floor of the treated rooms will go to the technical cupboard (403 - 4) via a grid (401 - Fig. 4) located in the lower part of the technical cupboard to improve comfort in winter .

 Energy <U> Economy </ U> and <Y> Yield </ U> The efficiency of a heat pump is the ratio of heat production or refrigeration (power expressed in KW) to the required energy expenditure. to these productions (power expressed in KW). In oil or gas systems, this ratio is in the best case equal to 1. In said method, this ratio varies from 2 to 3.5 depending on the outside temperature conditions. As a result, the air conditioning expenses of the volumes to be treated are divided by half or even two-thirds. The heat and refrigeration outputs of "heat pumps" are based on the transfer of energy from the outside to the volume to be treated. In the case where the external environment becomes particularly cold (-5), the transfer of energy becomes difficult and causes a decrease in refrigeration efficiency. Also, in order to maintain this output within the range of 2 to 3.5, the heat pump machines are equipped with an electric heater (308 - Fig. 3) that heats the water entering the evaporator only in heating mode. This resistance will only activate if the outside temperature is below 0 C. This type of reheating has been preferred over traditional global reheating in water loop heat pumps, in order to avoid unnecessary reheating and to ensure better heating. management of rental charges. For installations where the energy transfer is done through a groundwater heat exchanger, the electrical resistance will not be installed <U> dimensioning and materials </ U> These technical cupboards have been realized for the purpose s to insert harmoniously in a reduced volume. All necessary elements of air conditioning and the production of domestic hot water housing are combined. In the interest of reliability, the equipment components of the machines are from major national and international manufacturers, which makes the availability of equipment possibly immobilized, fast and easy.

 REGULATION <U> and </ U> SECURITY The front panel of the device is available, the probe to display the desired maximum temperatures in both hot and cold. The individual room thermostats, placed in the various rooms to be treated, acting on 3-way motorized air shutters. The air flow of the fan is thus recycled to the exchange battery. When all 3-way motorized shutters equipped with closing and opening contacts are in the "close" position, the fan stops. In addition, the PLC system, as desired, remotely sends back the operating information of the installation by means of a telephone line. In general, the entire principle of regulation, air distribution, refrigeration circuits and energy recovery is detailed in the block diagrams that form an integral part of the invention (see annex) <U> Materials control and safety </ U> <U> Safety </ U> <U> High and low pressure switch </ U> pressure They continuously measure the pressures in the refrigerant circuit and compare them to the minimum and maximum required and stop the flow. installation in case of excessive pressures or depressions.

Di <U> circuit breaker </ U> All the electric motors making up the machine are protected by magneto-thermal circuit breakers protecting the motors against possible electrical overload.

 REGULATION <U> Programmable controller 12 </ U> e <U> ntees 8 outputs </ U> II is the brain of the machine, it continuously analyzes all the operating parameters of the plant and allows all the different operating modes . <U> Sanitary hot water thermostat </ U> II constantly analyzes the temperature of the hot water, "the latter is too low it allows the circulation of Freon in the domestic hot water heat exchanger, if the latter is correct, it is forbidden, the entire control system is controlled by an automaton placed in the cupboard.

<U> PRINCIPLE OF </ U> ENERGY RECOVERY This principle makes it possible to heat the hot water storage tank free of charge by recovering hot gases from the rotary compressor. The temperature regulation of the hot water of the water heater is done by means of an electromagnetic valve controlled by the thermostat of the water heater, closing or supplying the exchanger controlled by the PLC. (See cold and hot chillers in the appendix). The cooling system of the group can be carried out according to two processes <I> 1 <U> EXCHANGER </ U> </ I> (AIRFRERFRIGERANT) <I> <U> </ U> DR <U> Y </ U> </ I> COOLER The DRY COOLER exchanger (air cooler), the only common element of the installation, has the great advantage of being quiet and not bulky. The distribution network is made of high temperature PVC tubing (HTA or ABS) avoiding any corrosion problem. On this circuit of the DRY COOLER exchanger, and in particular the winter phase, there are two systems that can be used to raise the temperature of the loop.

<I> a) Recovery of heat </ I> evacuated <I> by the ventilation system </ I> <I> Mechanical </ I> Controlled (VMC) The air extracted from the mechanical ventilation system controlled (VMC) (104 - Fig. 1) passes through a battery connected to the circuit of the DRY COOLER exchanger (air cooler), allowing to raise the temperature of the latter recovery of calories evacuated from the building.

<I> b) Installing </ I> solar panels <I> on the water loop of the exchanger </ I> (Cooling air) <I> DRY </ I> COOLER This system allows to raise the temperature of the network winter operation 05 - Fig. 1) <I> 2 <U> DRILLING WATER </ U> </ I> (Figure 5) In the case of groundwater availability with possible pumping authorization, the water loop will be fed by means of one or two drilling pumps.

 This type of installation is also inexpensive as well in installation cost as in operation cost and can supply ancillary networks such as car wash area water point garage, automatic watering of green areas or any other needs not not requiring drinking water.

Claims (4)

<U> CLAIMS </ U> 1. Heating and / or air-conditioning process with possibility of domestic hot water production, multi-premises buildings, using centralized unit DRY COOLER exchanger (1 Gj - Fig . 1) comprising at least one circulator (103 - Fig. 1), placed in contact with the outside (101 - Fig. 1) of the building, comprising a hydraulic network (water loop) (102 - Fig. 1), feeding cupboards techniques (108 - Fig. 1) of each dwelling or office. Said technical closet (108 - Fig. 1) located in the clearance of the apartment comprises compressor (204 - Fig. 2), an evaporator (213 - Fig. 2), an individual loop heater (208 - Fig. 2), a dehydrating filter (211 - Fig. 2), a condenser (205 - Fig. A fan (214 - Fig. 2), a control plate, a network of air ducts (405 - Fig. 4), to the rooms to be treated, double deflection blow-out ducts (407 - Fig. 4) in each room to be treated, shutters 3 motorized tracks (404 - Fig. 4) with air recirculation fixed to the supply plenum 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the recovery of the heat evacuated by a controlled mechanical ventilation system. controlled mechanical ventilation passes through a battery connected to the circuit DRY COOLER exchanger to raise the temperature of it recovery of calories removed from the building (104 - Fig. 1). 3. Method according to claim 1 characterized by the recovery of heat solar panels on the water loop of the exchanger DRY COOLER. This system makes it possible to raise the temperature in winter operation. (105 - Fig. 1) 4. Process according to claim 1 characterized by drilling water. In the case the availability of a water table with pumping authorization is possible, the water loop will be fed by means of a pump or two drilling pumps. This type of installation can serve ancillary networks such as vehicle washing area, automatic watering of green spaces or any other needs that do not require drinking water.