FR2750075A1 - Glassy composite - Google Patents

Glassy composite Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2750075A1
FR2750075A1 FR9607860A FR9607860A FR2750075A1 FR 2750075 A1 FR2750075 A1 FR 2750075A1 FR 9607860 A FR9607860 A FR 9607860A FR 9607860 A FR9607860 A FR 9607860A FR 2750075 A1 FR2750075 A1 FR 2750075A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
glazing
glass
mold
sheets
plastic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR9607860A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2750075B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Louis Bravet
Bernard Bureau
Claude Morin
Christian Padoy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority to FR9607860A priority Critical patent/FR2750075B1/en
Priority to EP19970401468 priority patent/EP0816064A1/en
Priority to MXPA/A/1997/004764A priority patent/MXPA97004764A/en
Priority to US08/882,439 priority patent/US6265054B1/en
Priority to JP16893697A priority patent/JPH111349A/en
Priority to PL97320772A priority patent/PL190583B1/en
Priority to KR1019970027026A priority patent/KR100479282B1/en
Priority to BR9703720A priority patent/BR9703720A/en
Publication of FR2750075A1 publication Critical patent/FR2750075A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2750075B1 publication Critical patent/FR2750075B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
    • B32B17/10917—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form between two pre-positioned glass layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • B29C2045/14532—Joining articles or parts of a single article injecting between two sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2709/08—Glass

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A glassy composite comprises two sheets of glass separated by a layer of transparent plastic material, capable of sticking to glass, of greater thickness than the two sheets. The composite has a total thickness < 5 mm, a ratio of thickness of plastic to thickness of glass sheets of 1-10, a surface mass < 6 kg/m<2>, and a Young modulus > 30 Gpa for a total thickness of 3 mm. Also claimed are a process for determining optimum geometric parameters for the composite and a product made from it..

Description

VITRAGE FEUILLETE ET SON PROCEDE DE FABRICATION, MOULE POUR
LE FABRIQUER ET ENSEMBLE INCORPORANT UN TEL VITRAGE.LAMINATED GLAZING AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS, MOLD FOR
THE MANUFACTURE AND ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING SUCH GLAZING.

La présente invention concerne un vitrage feuillete utilisable notamment dans l'industrie automobile pour réaliser des pare-brise et des vitres latérales. The present invention relates to a laminated glazing which can be used in particular in the automotive industry for producing windshields and side windows.

On sait que ces vitrages doivent avoir à la fois de bonnes qualités optiques, telles que la transparence et la non-rayabilité, une bonne résistance vis-à-vis des chocs, et être légers, afin de ne pas alourdir les véhicules automobiles sur lesquels ils sont montés. It is known that these glazings must have both good optical qualities, such as transparency and non-scratchability, good resistance to impacts, and be light, so as not to weigh down motor vehicles on which they went up.

Par les brevets U.S. 4 125 669, 3 212 903 et 4 663 228, on connaît un vitrage feuilleté du type sécurité qui comprend deux feuilles de verre épaisses et une mince couche intercalaire en matière plastique transparente à laquelle les deux feuilles de verre adhèrent. From U.S. Patents 4,125,669, 3,212,903 and 4,663,228 a security-type laminated glazing is known which comprises two thick glass sheets and a thin transparent plastic interlayer to which the two glass sheets adhere.

Un tel vitrage a l'inconvénient d'être relativement lourd. De plus, sa réalisation est délicate car on doit veiller à ce qu'il ne se produise aucune occlusion d'air dans les interfaces entre les feuilles de verre et la couche intercalaire. Pour cela, l'opération permettant de faire adhérer les feuilles de verre à la couche intercalaire doit être réalisée dans une enceinte chauffée où règne un vide poussé. Such glazing has the drawback of being relatively heavy. In addition, its realization is difficult because it must be ensured that no air occlusion occurs in the interfaces between the glass sheets and the interlayer. For this, the operation allowing the glass sheets to adhere to the interlayer must be carried out in a heated chamber where a high vacuum prevails.

En outre, en raison de la faible épaisseur de la couche intercalaire, on ne peut placer entre les feuilles de verre, lors de la fabrication, que des inserts extrêmement plats. In addition, due to the small thickness of the interlayer, it is only possible to place between the glass sheets, during manufacture, extremely flat inserts.

Lorsqu'on veut monter sur le vitrage des accessoires plus volumineux, on doit prévoir pour leur fixation des trous qui le traversent sur toute son épaisseur, ce qui, évidemment, fragilise le vitrage.When we want to mount larger accessories on the glazing, we must provide for their fixing holes which pass through it over its entire thickness, which, of course, weakens the glazing.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients et a donc pour objet un vitrage feuilleté léger, résistant, pouvant être fabriqué simplement et dans lequel peuvent éventuellement être intégrés des inserts relativement épais, sans perte de fragilité. The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and therefore relates to a light, resistant laminated glazing which can be manufactured simply and in which relatively thick inserts can optionally be integrated, without loss of fragility.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un vitrage du type comprenant au moins une feuille de verre et une couche intercalaire, caractérisé en ce que la couche intercalaire est en une matière thermoplastique transparente adhérant au verre et en ce que le rapport de l'épaisseur de la couche intercalaire à l'épaisseur d'une feuille de verre est compris entre 1 et 10. To this end, the invention relates to a glazing of the type comprising at least one sheet of glass and an intermediate layer, characterized in that the intermediate layer is made of a transparent thermoplastic material adhering to the glass and in that the ratio of the thickness of the interlayer to the thickness of a glass sheet is between 1 and 10.

Pour une même épaisseur totale du vitrage, la proportion verre/matière plastique sera donc beaucoup plus faible dans le vitrage selon l'invention que dans les vitrages connus. For the same total thickness of the glazing, the glass / plastic ratio will therefore be much lower in the glazing according to the invention than in known glazing.

On arrive ainsi à obtenir des vitrages légers, de poids inférieur à 6 kg/m2.It is thus possible to obtain light glazing, weighing less than 6 kg / m2.

L'originalité de l'invention réside dans le fait qu'elle va à l'encontre de l'idée répandue dans la profession selon laquelle la couche intercalaire a seulement pour rôle de faire adhérer les feuilles de verre et peut donc avoir une fine épaisseur. Selon l'invention au contraire, la couche intercalaire forme la partie essentielle du vitrage et a donc une forte épaisseur, tandis que les feuilles de verre ont une faible épaisseur, tout juste suffisante pour protéger les faces de la feuille intercalaire contre les rayures et pour participer à la bonne rigidité du vitrage, notamment en créant, par association avec la matière plastique, un effet de poutre. The originality of the invention lies in the fact that it goes against the widespread idea in the profession that the role of the interlayer is only to make the glass sheets adhere and can therefore have a thin thickness. . According to the invention on the contrary, the intermediate layer forms the essential part of the glazing and therefore has a high thickness, while the glass sheets have a small thickness, just sufficient to protect the faces of the intermediate sheet against scratches and to participate in the good rigidity of the glazing, in particular by creating, by association with the plastic material, a beam effect.

Du fait que la couche intercalaire est relativement épaisse, il est possible d'y insérer, lors de la fabrication, des pièces relativement volumineuses, comme on l'expliquera par la suite. Due to the fact that the interlayer is relatively thick, it is possible to insert therein, during manufacture, relatively bulky parts, as will be explained later.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication du vitrage. Ce procédé consiste à placer au moins une feuille de verre dans un moule qui présente une chambre de moulage d'épaisseur constante égale à l'épaisseur du vitrage à former et à injecter la matière plastique dans l'intervalle restant libre dans la chambre de moulage. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the glazing. This method consists in placing at least one sheet of glass in a mold which has a molding chamber of constant thickness equal to the thickness of the glazing to be formed and in injecting the plastic material into the gap remaining free in the molding chamber. .

Selon une variante du procédé, on place deux feuilles de verre dans le moule et on injecte la matière plastique dans l'intervalle libre compris entre les deux feuilles de verre. According to a variant of the process, two sheets of glass are placed in the mold and the plastic material is injected into the free space between the two sheets of glass.

L'invention concerne encore un moule pour la réalisation du vitrage, ledit moule comprenant deux parties séparables qui présentent des empreintes creuses dans lesquelles les deux feuilles de verre peuvent être logées, et des moyens pour maintenir les feuilles de verre appliquées contre le fond des empreintes, de manière que, lorsque les deux parties de moule sont appliquées l'une sur l'autre, il se forme entre les deux feuilles de verre en place dans les empreintes, un intervalle d'épaisseur égale à celle de la couche intercalaire à former. The invention also relates to a mold for producing the glazing, said mold comprising two separable parts which have hollow indentations in which the two glass sheets can be housed, and means for maintaining the glass sheets applied against the bottom of the indentations. , so that, when the two mold parts are applied to one another, between the two glass sheets in place in the indentations, an interval of thickness equal to that of the interlayer to be formed is formed .

Le fond des empreintes des deux parties de moule ont la même forme que celle des faces de vitrage. Par exemple, si le vitrage est plat, les fonds des empreintes sont tous deux plats, et s'il est incurvé, l'un des fonds est concave et l'autre est convexe. The bottom of the impressions of the two mold parts have the same shape as that of the glazing faces. For example, if the glazing is flat, the bottoms of the indentations are both flat, and if it is curved, one of the bottoms is concave and the other is convex.

Pour fabriquer un vitrage feuilleté avec ce moule, on place les feuilles de verre dans les empreintes du moule, on applique aux feuilles de verre des efforts appropriés qui les maintiennent appliquées contre le fond des empreintes, éventuellement en les courbant, on préchauffe le moule à la température d'injection de la matière plastique, on ferme le moule, on injecte la matière plastique dans l'intervalle défini entre les deux feuilles de verre, on refroidit le moule et on laisse la matière plastique se refroidir en adhérant aux feuilles de verre et on retire le vitrage. To manufacture a laminated glazing with this mold, the glass sheets are placed in the impressions of the mold, appropriate forces are applied to the glass sheets which keep them applied against the bottom of the impressions, possibly by bending them, the mold is preheated to the injection temperature of the plastic material, the mold is closed, the plastic is injected into the interval defined between the two glass sheets, the mold is cooled and the plastic is allowed to cool while adhering to the glass sheets and the glazing is removed.

Dans le cas d'un vitrage courbe, la mise en forme du vitrage est réalisée par la matière plastique injectée : en adhérant au verre et en se refroidissant entre les feuilles de verre figées en position courbée, la matière plastique maintient définitivement ces dernières dans cette forme. In the case of curved glazing, the shaping of the glazing is carried out by the injected plastic material: by adhering to the glass and by cooling between the glass sheets fixed in the curved position, the plastic material permanently maintains the latter in this form.

La présente invention concerne également, à titre d'application, des ensembles incorporant le vitrage décrit précédemment, par exemple des éléments de carrosserie, tels que des hayons ou des panneaux comprenant une zone transparente constituée par un vitrage selon l'invention et des zones non nécessairement transparentes, peintes ou brutes de démoulage, réalisées dans la même matière plastique que celle entrant dans la composition du vitrage ou dans une autre, et possédant éventuellement d'autres propriétés, notamment pas nécessairement transparente, éventuellement plus rigide. Ces autres zones extérieures à la zone vitrage peuvent être réalisées au cours de la même opération de moulage qui permet de fabriquer le vitrage, et dans le même moule, ou au contraire, il peut s'agir d'une opération de moulage en deux temps, soit dans le même moule, soit en reprise dans un second moule. The present invention also relates, by way of application, to assemblies incorporating the glazing described above, for example bodywork elements, such as tailgates or panels comprising a transparent zone constituted by a glazing according to the invention and non zones. necessarily transparent, painted or unmolded, made of the same plastic material as that used in the composition of the glazing or in another, and optionally having other properties, in particular not necessarily transparent, optionally more rigid. These other zones outside the glazing zone can be produced during the same molding operation which makes it possible to manufacture the glazing, and in the same mold, or on the contrary, it can be a two-step molding operation. , either in the same mold, or in recovery in a second mold.

On peut également réaliser un ensemble comprenant essentiellement le vitrage, celui-ci étant simplement équipé à sa périphérie de rebords, d'un cadre ou d'appendices divers. It is also possible to produce an assembly comprising essentially the glazing, the latter being simply equipped at its periphery with rims, a frame or various appendages.

Ces éléments peuvent être faits de la matière plastique injectée, mais peuvent aussi être constitués par des inserts, tels que des enjoliveurs, des accessoires destinés à remplir diverses fonctions (bloc optique de signalisation, troisième feu de stop associé à la lunette arrière de la voiture, passages de câbles électriques, tuyaux notamment pour lave-glace, élément profilé pour améliorer l'aérodynamisme, boîtier pour serrure, etc...). These elements can be made of injected plastic, but can also consist of inserts, such as hubcaps, accessories intended to fulfill various functions (optical signaling unit, third brake light associated with the rear window of the car , electrical cable passages, pipes in particular for windshield washers, profiled element to improve aerodynamics, housing for locks, etc.).

Avant l'injection de la matière plastique, on dispose les inserts entre les deux feuilles de verre et les appendices qui en font saillie sont reçus dans des logements prévus à cet effet dans le moule. Les inserts et appendices se trouveront donc intégrés dans la masse du vitrage, sans qu'il y ait eu besoin de percer ou d'usiner le vitrage. Before the injection of the plastic material, the inserts are placed between the two sheets of glass and the appendages which protrude therefrom are received in housings provided for this purpose in the mold. The inserts and appendages will therefore be integrated into the mass of the glazing, without there being any need to drill or machine the glazing.

L'invention sera décrite à présent en regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels
la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un vitrage plat selon l'invention
la figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'un moule pour la fabrication d'un vitrage incurvé, en position ouverte
la figure 3 représente le moule fermé, avant l'injection de la matière plastique ; et
la figure 4 est une vue en coupe d'un moule pour la fabrication d'un ensemble comprenant un vitrage feuilleté.The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a flat glazing according to the invention
Figure 2 is a sectional view of a mold for the manufacture of a curved glazing, in the open position
FIG. 3 represents the closed mold, before the injection of the plastic material; and
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a mold for the manufacture of an assembly comprising a laminated glazing.

Le vitrage feuilleté 10 représenté sur la figure 1 est formé de deux feuilles plates 12, 14 en verre comprenant entre elles une couche intercalaire 16 en une matière plastique transparente. The laminated glazing 10 shown in FIG. 1 is formed from two flat sheets 12, 14 of glass comprising between them an intermediate layer 16 of a transparent plastic material.

Conformément à l'invention, le rapport de l'épaisseur de la couche intercalaire à celle d'une feuille de verre est compris entre 1 et au moins 5, voire entre 1 et 10. According to the invention, the ratio of the thickness of the intermediate layer to that of a glass sheet is between 1 and at least 5, or even between 1 and 10.

La couche intercalaire peut être constituée en toute matière thermoplastique transparente adhérant au verre, par exemple en une résine ionomère, telle qu'un copolymère d'acide méthacrylique et de polyéthylène ou un copolymère d'acide acrylique et d'éthylène, neutralisé par une polyamine. Elle peut être constituée également en polyuréthanne, en polyuréthanne thermoplastique, en polyuréthanne RIM, en une résine butyral polyvinylique, en téréphtalate de polyéthylène, en un polyester ou en une résine acrylique ou acrylique modifiée. The interlayer can be made of any transparent thermoplastic material adhering to the glass, for example an ionomer resin, such as a copolymer of methacrylic acid and polyethylene or a copolymer of acrylic acid and ethylene, neutralized with a polyamine. . It can also be made of polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, RIM polyurethane, a polyvinyl butyral resin, polyethylene terephthalate, a polyester or a modified acrylic or acrylic resin.

Dans son application particulière aux vitrages de véhicules automobiles, le vitrage selon l'invention devra avoir habituellement une épaisseur totale maximale de 5 mm, qui est l'épaisseur standard du logement prévu à cet effet dans les portières de véhicule. L'épaisseur d'une feuille de verre est inférieure à 1,2 mm. Des épaisseurs particulières sont de 0,4 mm, 0,9 mm et 1,2 mm. Le module d'Young d'un vitrage selon l'invention de 3 mm d'épaisseur est supérieur à 30 GPa. In its particular application to motor vehicle glazing, the glazing according to the invention will usually have a maximum total thickness of 5 mm, which is the standard thickness of the housing provided for this purpose in the vehicle doors. The thickness of a glass sheet is less than 1.2mm. Particular thicknesses are 0.4mm, 0.9mm and 1.2mm. The Young's modulus of a 3 mm thick glazing according to the invention is greater than 30 GPa.

On se réfèrera à présent à la figure 2 qui montre un moule 18 pour la fabrication d'un vitrage incurvé selon l'invention. Reference will now be made to FIG. 2 which shows a mold 18 for the manufacture of a curved glazing according to the invention.

Le moule comprend deux parties 20, 22, dont l'une est amovible. Lesdites parties sont pourvues de faces planes 24, 26 destinées à s'appliquer l'une sur l'autre lorsque le moule est fermé. Un joint périphérique 28 assure l'étanchéité dans le plan de contact des deux parties de moule. Sur lesdites faces sont formées respectivement une empreinte convexe 30 et une empreinte concave 32 de formes et dimensions correspondant à celles du vitrage à fabriquer. The mold comprises two parts 20, 22, one of which is removable. Said parts are provided with flat faces 24, 26 intended to be applied one on the other when the mold is closed. A peripheral seal 28 seals in the contact plane of the two mold parts. On said faces are formed respectively a convex indentation 30 and a concave indentation 32 of shapes and dimensions corresponding to those of the glazing to be manufactured.

Les empreintes 30, 32 sont limites par des bords périphériques verticaux 34, 36 dont la somme des hauteurs est égale à l'épaisseur du vitrage, de sorte que lorsque le moule est fermé, les empreintes définissent entre elles une chambre de moulage de même forme que le vitrage à fabriquer.The indentations 30, 32 are bounded by vertical peripheral edges 34, 36, the sum of the heights of which is equal to the thickness of the glazing, so that when the mold is closed, the indentations define between them a molding chamber of the same shape. than the glazing to be manufactured.

Les faces 24, 26 présentent également des rainures semicylindriques 38, 40 qui débouchent, d'une part sur les bords 34, 36 des empreintes et d'autre part, dans des encoches semi-cylindriques 42, 44 de plus grand diamètre, formées sur la paroi extérieure des parties de moule. Comme le montre la figure 3, lorsque le moule est fermé, les rainures 38, 40 et les encoches 42, 44 se complètent pour former un conduit cylindrique 46 et un logement 48 dans lequel peut être fixé un raccord relié à un réservoir de matière plastique en fusion. The faces 24, 26 also have semi-cylindrical grooves 38, 40 which open out, on the one hand on the edges 34, 36 of the indentations and on the other hand, in semi-cylindrical notches 42, 44 of larger diameter, formed on the outer wall of the mold parts. As shown in Figure 3, when the mold is closed, the grooves 38, 40 and the notches 42, 44 complement each other to form a cylindrical duct 46 and a housing 48 in which can be fixed a connector connected to a plastic reservoir. in fusion.

Les parties de moule 20, 22 sont également munies de moyens d'aspiration destinés à exercer sur les feuilles de verre 12, 14 un effort qui les applique contre le fond des empreintes 30, 32. Ces moyens peuvent être constitués, comme représenté sur la figure 2, par des ventouses 50, 52 et/ou des orifices d'aspiration 53 reliés par l'intermédiaire de canaux 54, 56 à une source de vide, non représentée. The mold parts 20, 22 are also provided with suction means intended to exert on the glass sheets 12, 14 a force which applies them against the bottom of the indentations 30, 32. These means can be constituted, as shown in FIG. FIG. 2, by suction cups 50, 52 and / or suction openings 53 connected by means of channels 54, 56 to a vacuum source, not shown.

Pour fabriquer un vitrage, on chauffe le moule à la température d'injection de la matière plastique, par exemple 150 à 2000C, on insère les feuilles de verre 12, 14 dans les empreintes 30, 32, et on relie les ventouses 50, 52 et/ou les orifices d'aspiration 53 à la source de vide, ce qui applique les feuilles de verre contre le fond des empreintes. Le moule étant refermé, on injecte à travers le conduit 46, la matière plastique en fusion, laquelle vient emplir l'intervalle 58 compris entre les deux feuilles de verre. On laisse ensuite refroidir le moule et on relâche l'effort exercé sur les feuilles de verre en reliant les canaux 54, 56 à l'atmosphère. Le moule est ensuite ouvert et le vitrage terminé en est extrait. To manufacture glazing, the mold is heated to the injection temperature of the plastic material, for example 150 to 2000C, the sheets of glass 12, 14 are inserted into the indentations 30, 32, and the suction cups 50, 52 are connected. and / or the suction ports 53 at the vacuum source, which presses the glass sheets against the bottom of the indentations. With the mold closed, the molten plastic material is injected through the conduit 46, which fills the gap 58 between the two sheets of glass. The mold is then allowed to cool and the force exerted on the glass sheets is released by connecting the channels 54, 56 to the atmosphere. The mold is then opened and the finished glazing is extracted therefrom.

Il va de soi que l'on peut, de la même façon, fabriquer des vitrages plats. Dans ce cas, les empreintes 30, 32 auront un fond plat. It goes without saying that we can, in the same way, manufacture flat glazing. In this case, the cavities 30, 32 will have a flat bottom.

Par le procédé selon l'invention, on peut aussi fabriquer un vitrage qui ne comporte qu'une seule feuille de verre et la couche de matière plastique. Dans ce cas, la matière plastique est injectée dans l'intervalle compris entre la feuille de verre et la face intérieure de la partie amovible du moule. By the method according to the invention, it is also possible to manufacture a glazing which comprises only a single sheet of glass and the layer of plastic material. In this case, the plastic material is injected into the gap between the glass sheet and the inner face of the removable part of the mold.

On peut également fabriquer des vitrages ayant des fonctions particulières, tels que des verres anti-buée, des verres chauffants ou des verres anti-UV. It is also possible to manufacture glazing having particular functions, such as anti-fog glasses, heating glasses or anti-UV glasses.

D'autre part, des inserts peuvent être noyés dans la couche intermédiaire. Pour cela, les inserts sont placés entre les deux feuilles de verre avant l'injection de la matière plastique. On the other hand, inserts can be embedded in the intermediate layer. For this, the inserts are placed between the two sheets of glass before the injection of the plastic material.

On peut également réaliser des ensembles comportant un vitrage, tels que des hayons ou des panneaux incorporant une zone vitrée. It is also possible to produce assemblies comprising glazing, such as tailgates or panels incorporating a glazed area.

La figure 4 représente un moule qui sert à réaliser un ensemble incorporant un vitrage selon un exemple particulier de réalisation. Le moule ne diffère de celui de la figure 3 que par le fait qu'il comporte deux poches 60, 62 aux extrémités des parties servant à mouler le vitrage proprement dit. Une même matière plastique ou deux matières plastiques différentes peuvent être injectées dans l'intervalle 58 et dans les poches 60, 62. On obtient ainsi un vitrage muni d'un rebord périphérique qui est formé en une pièce avec la couche intercalaire. FIG. 4 represents a mold which is used to produce an assembly incorporating a glazing according to a particular embodiment. The mold differs from that of FIG. 3 only in that it has two pockets 60, 62 at the ends of the parts used to mold the glazing itself. The same plastic material or two different plastic materials can be injected into the gap 58 and into the pockets 60, 62. A glazing is thus obtained provided with a peripheral rim which is formed integrally with the intermediate layer.

Si cela est nécessaire, pour faciliter ou renforcer l'adhésion de la matière plastique, on peut utiliser un promoteur d'adhérence qui peut être déposé sur le verre ou introduit dans la matière plastique. If necessary, to facilitate or reinforce the adhesion of the plastic material, an adhesion promoter can be used which can be deposited on the glass or introduced into the plastic material.

Claims (21)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Vitrage feuilleté du type comprenant au moins une feuille de verre (12, 14) et une couche intercalaire (16), caractérisé en ce que la couche intercalaire est en une matière thermoplastique transparente adhérant au verre et en ce que le rapport de l'épaisseur de la couche intercalaire à l'épaisseur de ladite au moins une feuille de verre est compris entre 1 et 10. 1. Laminated glazing of the type comprising at least one glass sheet (12, 14) and an interlayer (16), characterized in that the interlayer is made of a transparent thermoplastic material adhering to the glass and in that the ratio of l 'thickness of the interlayer to the thickness of said at least one glass sheet is between 1 and 10. 2. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il a une épaisseur inférieure à 5 mm. 2. Laminated glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a thickness of less than 5 mm. 3. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les feuilles de verre ont chacune une épaisseur inférieure à 1,2 mm. 3. Laminated glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass sheets each have a thickness of less than 1.2 mm. 4. Vitrage feuilleté selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il a un poids inférieur à 6 kg/m2. 4. Laminated glazing according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a weight of less than 6 kg / m2. 5. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que pour une épaisseur totale de 3 mm, le vitrage a un module d'Young supérieur à 30 GPa. 5. Laminated glazing according to claim 4, characterized in that for a total thickness of 3 mm, the glazing has a Young's modulus greater than 30 GPa. 6. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique est constituée par une résine ionomère, telle qu'un copolymère d'acide méthacrylique et de polyéthylène ou bien un copolymère d'acide acrylique et d'éthylène, neutralisé par une polyamine. 6. Laminated glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic material consists of an ionomer resin, such as a copolymer of methacrylic acid and polyethylene or a copolymer of acrylic acid and ethylene, neutralized by a polyamine. 7. Vitrage feuilleté selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique est constituée en polyuréthanne, en polyuréthanne thermoplastique, en polyuréthanne RIM, en une résine butyral polyvinylique, en téréphtalate de polyéthylène, en polyester ou en une résine acrylique ou acrylique modifiée. 7. Laminated glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic material consists of polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, RIM polyurethane, a polyvinyl butyral resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester or a modified acrylic or acrylic resin. . 8. Procédé de fabrication du vitrage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à placer au moins une feuille de verre dans un moule qui présente une chambre de moulage d'épaisseur constante égale à l'épaisseur du vitrage à former et à injecter la matière plastique dans l'intervalle (58) restant libre dans la chambre de moulage. 8. A method of manufacturing the glazing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in placing at least one sheet of glass in a mold which has a molding chamber of constant thickness equal to the thickness of the glazing. forming and injecting the plastic material into the gap (58) remaining free in the molding chamber. 9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à placer deux feuilles de verre (12, 14) dans un moule qui présente une chambre de moulage d'épaisseur constante et à injecter la matière plastique dans l'intervalle (58) restant libre entre les feuilles de verre. 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists in placing two sheets of glass (12, 14) in a mold which has a molding chamber of constant thickness and in injecting the plastic material into the gap ( 58) remaining free between the glass sheets. 10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste 10. The method of claim 9, characterized in that it consists - à placer les feuilles de verre (12, 14) dans des empreintes creuses (30, 32) formées dans deux parties d'un moule ouvrable (18), - placing the glass sheets (12, 14) in hollow impressions (30, 32) formed in two parts of an openable mold (18), - à maintenir les deux feuilles de verre appliquées contre le fond des empreintes sous l'action de forces appropriées, - to keep the two sheets of glass applied against the base of the impressions under the action of appropriate forces, - à préchauffer le moule, - to preheat the mold, - à fermer le moule et à injecter la matière plastique en fusion dans l'intervalle qui se forme entre les faces libres des deux feuilles de verre, - to close the mold and to inject the molten plastic material into the gap which forms between the free faces of the two sheets of glass, - à refroidir le moule et à laisser la matière plastique se refroidir en adhérant aux feuilles de verre, - cooling the mold and allowing the plastic to cool while adhering to the glass sheets, - à ouvrir le moule et à en retirer le vitrage terminé. - to open the mold and remove the finished glazing. 11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la force de maintien des feuilles de verre est exercée par l'application d'une dépression. 11. The method of claim 9, characterized in that the holding force of the glass sheets is exerted by the application of a vacuum. 12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'injection de la matière plastique dans le moule, des inserts sont disposés dans l'intervalle compris entre les deux feuilles de verre. 12. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that before the injection of the plastic material into the mold, the inserts are arranged in the interval between the two sheets of glass. 13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que l'adhérence entre les feuilles de verre et la couche intercalaire est améliorée au moyen d'un promoteur d'adhérence déposé sur le verre ou introduit dans la matière plastique. 13. Method according to one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the adhesion between the glass sheets and the interlayer is improved by means of an adhesion promoter deposited on the glass or introduced into the plastic material. . 14. Moule pour la fabrication du vitrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux parties séparables (20, 22) pourvues d'empreintes creuses (30, 32) de mêmes surface et forme que les feuilles de verre et de profondeurs qui correspondent à l'épaisseur totale du vitrage, et des moyens (50, 52, 53) pour maintenir les feuilles de verre appliquées contre le fond des empreintes, de sorte que lorsque les deux parties du moule sont appliquées l'une sur l'autre, il subsiste entre les faces libres des feuilles de verre logées dans les empreintes un intervalle (58) d'épaisseur constante égale à celle de la couche intercalaire à former. 14. Mold for the manufacture of glazing according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises two separable parts (20, 22) provided with hollow impressions (30, 32) of the same surface and shape as the sheets of glass and depths which correspond to the total thickness of the glazing, and means (50, 52, 53) for maintaining the sheets of glass applied against the bottom of the indentations, so that when the two parts of the mold are applied one on top of the other, there remains between the free faces of the glass sheets housed in the indentations an interval (58) of constant thickness equal to that of the intermediate layer to be formed. 15. Moule selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de maintien des feuilles de verre sont constitués par des moyens d'aspiration (50, 52, 53) débouchant dans lesdits fonds et reliés à une source de vide. 15. Mold according to claim 14, characterized in that the means for holding the glass sheets are constituted by suction means (50, 52, 53) opening into said funds and connected to a vacuum source. 16. Moule selon la revendication 14, pour la réalisation d'un vitrage plat, caractérisé en ce que les empreintes ont un fond plat. 16. Mold according to claim 14, for producing a flat glazing, characterized in that the imprints have a flat bottom. 17. Moule selon la revendication 14, pour la réalisation d'un vitrage courbe, caractérisé en ce que les empreintes (30, 32) ont respectivement un fond convexe et un fond concave, de formes complémentaires de celles des faces du vitrage à fabriquer. 17. Mold according to claim 14, for producing a curved glazing, characterized in that the indentations (30, 32) respectively have a convex bottom and a concave bottom, of shapes complementary to those of the faces of the glazing to be manufactured. 18. A titre de produit industriel nouveau, ensemble incorporant un vitrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, par exemple un hayon de véhicule ou une pièce de carrosserie, comprenant une zone transparente formée par le vitrage et une zone non transparente, par exemple peinte ou brute de moulage. 18. As a new industrial product, assembly incorporating a glazing according to one of claims 1 to 7, for example a vehicle tailgate or a body part, comprising a transparent zone formed by the glazing and a non-transparent zone, for example. example painted or as molded. 19. Ensemble selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que ladite zone non transparente est réalisée dans la même matière plastique que celle entrant dans la composition de la zone transparente, ou en une matière plastique différente. 19. Assembly according to claim 18, characterized in that said non-transparent zone is made of the same plastic material as that entering into the composition of the transparent zone, or of a different plastic material. 20. Ensemble selon l'une des revendications 18 et 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il est fabriqué au cours de la même opération de moulage que celle qui permet de réaliser la couche intercalaire du vitrage. 20. Assembly according to one of claims 18 and 19, characterized in that it is manufactured during the same molding operation as that which makes it possible to produce the interlayer of the glazing. 21. Moule pour la réalisation de l'ensemble selon l'une des revendications 18 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les empreintes (30, 32) destinées à recevoir les feuilles de verre (12, 14) se prolongent à leurs extrémités par des poches (60, 62) dans lesquelles est injectée la même matière plastique que celle de la couche intercalaire, ou une matière plastique différente. 21. Mold for producing the assembly according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the indentations (30, 32) intended to receive the glass sheets (12, 14) extend at their ends by pockets (60, 62) in which is injected the same plastic material as that of the interlayer, or a different plastic material.
FR9607860A 1996-06-25 1996-06-25 SHEET GLASS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, MOLD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME AND ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING SUCH GLAZING Expired - Fee Related FR2750075B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9607860A FR2750075B1 (en) 1996-06-25 1996-06-25 SHEET GLASS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, MOLD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME AND ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING SUCH GLAZING
MXPA/A/1997/004764A MXPA97004764A (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-24 Encrystal composite of glass and plastic material and procedure for determining the geometric parameters of this encrystal
EP19970401468 EP0816064A1 (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-24 Laminated glass from glass and plastic and process to determinate the optimal geometric parameters of this glass
JP16893697A JPH111349A (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-25 Composite glass structure composed of glass and plastic material and determination of optimal geometrical parameter of the structure
US08/882,439 US6265054B1 (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-25 Composite glazing material made of glass and plastic and process for determining the optimal geometric parameters of this glazing material
PL97320772A PL190583B1 (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-25 Composote glazing panel of glass and aplastic, assembly incorporating such composite glazing panel, method of making such assembly and method of determining optimum geometric parameters of that panel and glazing panel having such optimised parameters
KR1019970027026A KR100479282B1 (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-25 Method for measuring geometric parameters optimal for glass composites and glass made of glass and plastic materials
BR9703720A BR9703720A (en) 1996-06-25 1997-06-25 Joint glazing that incorporates the same and process for determining the optimum geometric parameters of a glazing

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