FR2725813A3 - METHOD FOR OPERATING A DATA MEDIUM, PORTABLE OBJECT AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING THE OPERATING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for operating a data medium, portable object and management system implementing the operating method. The data medium (2) is intended to be mounted on a portable object (1) which communicates with a natural operating equipment (17) of the data medium by a bidirectional immaterial link (11). The portable object (1) can work in local mode according to a reduced processing file so as to produce information contained in the data medium (1). It can work in remote mode with a management system built with the natural operating equipment (17) of the data medium, when several portable objects and possibly several fixed access points to the management system are installed.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for operating a support of

  data, especially when the data carrier is physically connected to its equipment

natural exploitation.

  The method of the invention is also exploited during a connection with a natural operating equipment of the data carrier. The invention furthermore relates to a portable device for operating the data carrier as well as data management equipment comprising at least one data medium, at least one portable device and / or one

  natural operating equipment of said data carrier.

  In the state of the art, there are many data carriers that are physical objects relatively separable from the equipment that exploits them in a natural way. Such media include soft disks, removable hard disks, hard disk cartridges, optical recording cards, magnetic recording cards or microcircuit cards. Such media are intended to be connected to a device such as a terminal of a network, or to a computer, which includes operating equipment that allows, since application software to exploit in a "natural" way the content of data carrier data when

  the latter is in physical connection with the equipment.

  Moreover, a need arises that the physical connection is not made directly between the operating equipment and the data carrier, but is done remotely and particularly by an immaterial connection.

  as radiofrequency, infrared or other radiation.

  This is for example the case when the data carrier contains an identification code which designates the bearer of the data carrier as a person authorized to enter a reserved access zone, or when the data carrier contains a data file. billing in which an account balance is entered as well as the list of transactions made and in which the "natural" operating equipment is intended to write data

  representative of an ongoing transaction.

  The fact that the data medium is remote from the "natural" operating equipment particularly allows greater flexibility in the public use of such management equipment, for example by allowing multiple accesses, or very fast, between several media present simultaneously or almost, and

  natural farming equipment.

  A first problem is well known from the state of the art.

  Indeed, if the direct connection of a data medium to a "natural" operating equipment such as a read and / or write head, is well known and relatively safe, the remote connection by immaterial connection encounters obstacles. significant technical difficulties because the data carrier should be as compact as possible because the amount of data it must contain must be as high for a given volume, and because the data carrier must be carried by a user, physical person or

mobile machine.

  This is particularly the case when the data carrier is entirely reserved for the registration of data as is the case of a flexible floppy disk, or almost completely reserved for the same task, as is the case for a data floppy disk. map to

microcircuit.

  To remedy this technical problem, we have already developed portable objects that provide the remote connection function, by immaterial connection with the "natural" operating equipment. Such portable objects comprise a housing in which the data carrier is inserted. A reading and / or writing device is inserted into the portable object, and a remote communication device producing and / or operating a link

immaterial is arranged afterwards.

  However, if it is thus possible to house surplus volume means for remote communications by immaterial liason, it generally increases considerably the size of the portable assembly consisting of the portable object (reader) and

  of its associated data carrier.

  Moreover, the organs of the portable object being generally of electric type, it increases the power consumption necessary for the mere existence of the data carrier. This increase in power consumption involves the use of power devices embedded on the portable object (reader) powerful enough to ensure the internal operation of the portable object and the

  communication on the immaterial link.

  In another type of problem, the data recorded in the data carrier is not accessible, either in whole or in abbreviated form, other than when the data carrier is physically connected to its natural operating equipment. This is the cause of a problem of ignorance of the content of the information actually contained in the medium, for example when the user tries to exploit the support on the "natural" operating equipment. In particular, the user does not really know the content of the medium before using it. However, to know this content, the user should connect to the "natural" operating equipment, which is often a consumer of computing power that may be unavailable at that time (case of a computer ), or unmanageable for use in a networked environment. However, the user may need to know the contents of certain areas of the data carrier. This can be the directory of files written in the directory area on a floppy disk or a hard disk, or the account balance assigned to a wallet

  electronic constituted around a microcircuit card.

  There is a technical problem as to the availability of means to read such data or to write others in other areas reserved for this kind of use (anotations, alarms, pre-recorded messages before a future connection to the conventional operating equipment, etc.). An object of the invention is to make it possible to execute, in disconnection of the "natural" operating equipment of the data medium, a restricted set of operations on the content of the data medium, the restriction being defined in relation to to the support user. Another object of the present invention is to make it possible to transform a conventional type of data medium into a data medium capable of communicating remotely and by an immaterial connection with operating equipment.

natural support.

  To achieve these objects, the present invention relates to a method of operating at least one data carrier, before it is connected to a natural operating equipment of the data carrier. According to the invention, the method mainly consists in: arranging the support in a portable object, provided with a device for processing the content of the support, capable of interpreting an instruction from a predetermined plurality of predetermined instructions for restricted processing of data contained in at least a second memory area, such as a memory readout, an information display, a memory area control, and then - to execute access to a first predetermined area of the data medium, in which is recorded a file consisting of a sequence of at least one restricted processing instruction, then

  to execute the instruction corresponding to the requested access.

  The invention also relates to a portable object comprising a means of physical connection with the data medium, a restricted processing unit able to execute instructions recorded in a first memory zone, on data contained in at least a second zone of data.

data carrier data.

  According to another aspect of the invention, the portable object also comprises a communication member for exchanging data by an immaterial connection between the processing unit and a natural exploitation equipment of the support. According to another aspect of the invention, the portable object processing device comprises a device for inputting restricted command data, intended to allow the user to access said first data area so as to execute at least one restricted processing instruction stored therein on data contained in

at least a second zone.

  According to another aspect of the invention, the device for capturing restricted commands of the portable object cooperates with a signaling device comprising a display means

  and / or an audible warning means of the user.

  Another object of the invention provides a means for managing a signaling means, including the content of the data medium, as a display, taking into account the multi-service nature of the industrial application of the invention. Indeed, especially for the microcircuit card, it is known that the same card can serve as a data carrier for several different services. It is thus possible to combine data used for billing public transport, with an electronic token to pay for parking services, or to purchase goods in a shopping mall associated with the car park or the train station. urban transport. The operators of each of these services may not have access to data areas of the data carrier that are not relevant to the service they are managing. The user may need to know the information content in several of these

independent zones.

  According to another object of the invention, the method also consists in carrying out a communication with a natural operating equipment of the data carrier by a link

immaterial, in remote mode.

  According to another object of the invention, the method consists in charging during periods of communications to exploit the data medium from its natural operating equipment, a sequence of at least one restricted processing instruction in said first zone, and / or data for

  facilitate this treatment in at least a second zone.

  The invention also relates to a management system comprising at least one portable object, in which is inserted a data carrier, and a natural operating equipment, in which the exchanges are bidirectional and provided by a

infrared radiation.

  The invention also relates to a means for adjusting the operating lobes of the transmitting and receiving means present on the portable object and / or on the operating equipment

  natural when the portable object is working in remote mode.

  In the state of the art, it has already been proposed to use emitters and receivers of infrared radiation for the purpose of transmitting data. In particular, such devices are already known in the context of devices for remote control of electrical appliances such as

  television receivers, and other products of the same kind.

  In such applications, however, the infrared link is essentially unidirectional, only the remote control box having a diode emitting infrared radiation, and only the receiver on the controlled device

  carrying a phototransistor for detecting the emitted radiation.

  Moreover, most of these devices are intended to operate outside of sunlight, and more particularly even in private premises in which the parasitic sources of infrared radiation are

extremely small.

  However, in the applications of the invention, the portable object must be connected in an outdoor or indoor environment, but generally in public places, at one or more operating stations constituting the operating equipment.

natural data carrier.

  As a result, the shape of the infrared radiation, both on transmission and reception, and when it is in the vicinity of a transmitter or receiver of the link

  bidirectional is of paramount importance.

  In addition, it appeared that, unlike other types of light transmission channels such as the electric field produced by an inductive system, or the radio waves in the radiofrequency band, were weakly directive, which makes the question of the

  management of a large number of portable objects.

  For example, when the portable object is intended to serve as an electronic ticket for access and toll in a public transport management system, hundreds, and sometimes more, of portable objects may be in the field of a terminal connected to the management system. As a result, the recognition of a particular portable object is delicate, imprecise, and often even impracticable in a difficult environment, as is the case for railway stations.

public transport.

  Therefore, the use of infrared waves to achieve a two-way link and in a difficult environment is, in general and to the knowledge of the applicant, refused in the state

of the technique.

  However, by means of its invention, the applicant has found very positive effects that avoid the aforementioned drawbacks and even allow new means for the construction of a management system around a portable object and a

  natural exploitation equipment according to the invention.

  The applicant has defined the operating lobe of a transmitting and receiving device as being the space in which the infrared bidirectional communication is possible, that is to say capable of generating in the communication management circuit connected by bidirectional connection a sufficiently pure electrical reception signal to be decodable by the portable object, on the one hand, by the natural exploitation equipment, on the other hand

share.

  The invention provides a solution to these disadvantages of the state of the art in that it relates to a device for transmitting and / or receiving infrared radiation, intended to equip a management system associating a plurality of portable objects and at least one natural exploitation equipment of the associated data medium by an immaterial link using infrared radiation. According to a main feature of the invention, the device comprises means for collimating the infrared beams near said device so as to conform the emission lobe and / or the reception lobe of the device independently of the operating distance, and / or means for adjusting the operating distance without

  change the shape of the receiving lobe.

  According to one object of the invention, the collimation means consists of a mask of at least a fraction of the emission field of at least one emitter diode so as to conform

the emission lobe.

  According to one object of the invention, the emitting diodes are arranged in plane array and the mask covers a plurality, complete or not, of emitter diodes of the network so as to

conform the emission lobe.

  According to another aspect of the invention, the emitting diodes of the infrared radiation are connected to a source of an electrical signal to be transmitted in the form of said infrared radiation, by means of at least one switch so as to make emitting a given plurality of diodes

  depending on the shape of the desired lobe of emission.

  According to another object of the invention, the collimation means consists of a waveguide of at least a fraction of the field of reception of at least one phototransistor of reception of

  to conform the receiving lobe.

  According to another object of the invention, the collimation means consists of at least one two-dimensional screen whose at least one dimension coincides with the axis of the receiving lobe, of at least a fraction of the reception field of at least one receiving phototransistor so as to conform the reception lobe. According to another object of the invention, the means for adjusting the operating distance comprises a reference voltage generator, adjustable level according to said operating distance whose output is connected to an input terminal of a comparator reception signal from at least one infrared radiation receiving phototransistor, said reception signal being connected to a

  second input terminal of said comparator.

  According to another object of the invention, the means for adjusting the operating distance comprises a generator of a gain control signal of at least one reception amplifier whose signal input terminal is connected to at least one

  phototransistor for receiving infrared radiation.

  The invention also relates to a new coding method and a circuit for producing an immaterial link adapted to the

  data transmission by infrared radiation.

  One of the problems encountered in the transmission of binary data by infrared radiation comes from the limited characteristic of infrared transmission in the air, the transmission channel quickly becoming saturated with radiation energy if one wants to increase both the range and the speed of transmission. As a result, the infrared links are considered in the state of the art known to the applicant as being unfavorable for making information data links that should be performed with high relative rates. It was generally satisfied to transmit only remote control commands by means of infra-red radiation with limited bit rates (or transmission speed) because the order was generally coded in a few bits, since an identifier of the transmitter and a symbol of a command taken

  among a few possible commands are only considered.

  In the case of a dialogue between a portable object and a natural operating equipment, as is the case between a microcircuit card and a fixed terminal of a system of

  management, the amount of data is higher.

  Furthermore, the management system of the invention is likely to be used for intangible connections (by infrared radiation) called "on the fly". In such applications, several portable objects may be at the same time in the operating lobe of the transmitting and receiving device of the fixed terminal. Moreover, the duration during which the portable object is in this operating lobe does not exceed a few seconds, a duration that is not generally felt as an inconvenience for users such as a toll system on the fly when the portable object serves as an electronic ticket of

  toll of urban or public transport.

  Furthermore, the use of such transmitting and receiving devices in environments that are aggressive from the point of view of infrared radiation requires that the coding used on the transmission channel between two transmission and reception devices of a link infrared radiation is robust and relatively

  self-reported from the point of view of the most frequent parasites.

  Furthermore, the fact that one of the transmission and reception devices of the bidirectional infrared link is on a portable object causes a constraint in terms of power consumption, the infrared-emitting diodes being relatively power-consuming

  when working in continuous transmission.

  The present invention provides a new coding solution and a circuit for implementing such a coding for perimeter

  an infrared connection by infrared radiation.

  According to the invention, the coding consists, from a first side of the link: producing a transmission signal in electrical form representing a word of a plurality of bits transmitted sequentially in synchronism with a clock; detecting the state changes of said transmission signal for each binary word; producing a pulse each time a change of binary state is detected, the duration of the pulse being a fraction of the period of the clock signal, so as to generate an impusion signal; then, - activating an infrared radiation emitting device using said pulse signal; and in that it consists of the other end of the link: - to decode the detection signal produced by a receiving device while maintaining a count of the detection errors. According to another object of the invention, the decoding of the coded signal consists in realizing a frequency division of the signal

pulse detection.

  According to another object of the invention, division decoding

  Frequency is achieved by division by two.

  According to another object of the invention, the detection error counting is carried out by counting the number of pulses in a transmission period of the information word, and in

  testing whether the counting result is an even number.

  The invention also relates to a circuit for implementing the

aforementioned coding.

  Other features and benefits of this

  invention will be better understood from the description and

  attached drawings which are: - Figure 1: a diagram of an embodiment of a portable object used in the method of the invention; Figure 2: a general diagram of the means included in the portable object of Figure 1; FIG. 3: a diagram of organization of a file used in the method of the invention; - Figure 4: a first set of commands executable in a first circumstance by the portable object; - Figure 5: a second set of commands executable in a second circumstance by the portable object; FIG. 6: an operating flowchart of the portable object of FIG. 1; FIG. 7: a diagram of an emission device according to the invention provided with an electronic means of collimation; - Figures 8 and 9: two means for adjusting the operating distance in the previously formed operating lobe; FIG. 10: status chronograms of a new coding scheme adapted to the infrared link of the invention; FIG. 11: a diagram of a communication circuit (reception part) adapted to the decoding of the coding scheme of FIG. 9;

  - Figure 12: the description of the files in a mode of

  realization of a portable object of the present invention; - Figures 13 and 14: an operating sequence of a portable object according to the embodiment of Figure 12; FIG. 15: A top view of a bidirectional infrared emission receiving system according to one embodiment of the invention; - Figure 16: A top view of an infrared reception system according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 17: A side view of the reception system of FIG. 16, with the values calculated according to parameters of the invention; - Figure 18: A side view of another embodiment of a receiving system according to the invention; FIG. 19: a flowchart of a multi-access simultaneous management machine on a bidirectional infrared communication system according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 20: a view of an infrared channel allocation table to logical channels in the embodiment of FIG. 19, as well as a suitable polling structure; FIG. 21: an explanatory chronogram of an allocation procedure using the table of FIG. 20; FIG. 22: a list of the software elements used to carry out an application function on a terminal in a system of the invention using several competing portable objects according to the protocol described in FIGS. 19 to 21; FIG. 23: a diagram of an embodiment of a portable object having a bidirectional infrared link according to one embodiment; FIG. 24: a view from above showing the pinout of the specialized integrated circuit (ASIC) used in the portable object of FIG. 23; - Figure 25: a table describing the functions provided on each terminal of the circuit shown in Figure 23; FIG. 26: a block diagram of the infrared transmission-reception system according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. 27: a timing diagram describing the format of the infrared data in a transmission-reception system embodiment of the invention; FIG. 28: a timing diagram of a pwire type interface used in the circuit of FIG. 24; FIG. 29: a timing diagram of a burst mode pwire interface used in the circuit of FIG. 24; FIGS. 30 to 32: a table and chronograms explaining the operation of the transceiver system implemented in the portable object of FIG. 23; In Figure 1, there is shown an embodiment of a

  portable object that can be used in the method of the invention.

  The portable object 1 comprises a front face of substantially planar shape, on which is disposed the apparent portion 3 of a control input member that the user of the portable object wishes to introduce manually. The control input part 3 is here constituted by a touch-sensitive keyboard 5 to 7, each of which is assigned a particular control.

  function of the applications, and the context.

  The portable object 1 has a housing for its gripping and its easy port by the user. The housing is designed to be aggression-resistant to the kind of use intended for the portable object. It is also equipped with means of protection against radio emissions. Such protection means against electromagnetic emissions include in particular a shielding of the case of the portable object (microcircuit card reader). The casing of the portable object 1 also comprises a housing whose opening 8 is visible in FIG.

  which one can introduce the data carrier.

  In the example shown in the drawing, the data carrier is constituted by a memory card 2 equipped with a micromodule

  9, provided with its connector arranged in a standardized manner.

  Such a data carrier may contain relatively large numbers of data and the user, who is far from the "natural" operating equipment, may wish to execute a limited number of operations and commands without being connected to the equipment. These operations include: - data consultation;

- the writing of data.

  For this purpose, the portable object 1 is provided with connection means by an internal coupler which will be described later which enables it to access the data and possibly some computing or processing resources of the microcircuit card. The portable object 1 also carries signaling means 4 comprising in particular a display of alphanumeric characters and / or pictograms representative of the restricted operations executable with the portable object, and possibly of a sound generator comprising a loudspeaker 16 which produces alarms or sound indications

  execution of executed operations.

  The portable object 1 also comprises a reduced processing unit which will be described later and which makes it possible to execute in local mode the restricted operations that the portable object

can execute.

  In a further embodiment, capable of performing operations in remote mode, the portable object 1 also includes a communications management member which is connected to an immaterial connection means 11. In a preferred embodiment, the means light-immaterial link 11 comprises an infrared emission diode 12 and an infrared receiving diode 13, connected via a circuitry adapted to the communication management member and which make it possible to establish an immaterial bidirectional link 14, 15 between the portable object 1 in remote mode and the "natural" operating equipment 17 which comprises bidirectional connection means adapted to exchange the

  infrared beams with intangible bonding means 11.

  For this purpose, the operating equipment 17 comprises at least one such immaterial connection means comprising an infrared emission diode 19 and an infrared receiving diode 18. In FIG. 2, a developed block diagram of FIG. 1 embodiment of the portable object 1 of Figure 1. It mainly comprises a coupler 21 which establishes a physical connection between the data carrier 2 (here a microcircuit card) and the rest of the portable object when it is connected to the coupler installed in the housing

opening 8 of its case.

  Depending on the nature of the data carrier, the coupler provides access to the data carrier. In the case for example where the data medium is a magnetic device, the coupler comprises a read head and / or magnetic writing and interface circuits for connecting the

  coupler 21 to the rest of the portable object.

  By this modular arrangement of the portable object, it is clear that the portable object is adapted to work with portable media: - of different natures (by changing the coupler, by

example);

  different physical architectures (for example when the connector of the microcircuit card is different); different software architectures (for example when the microcircuit card includes a memory domain

different addressing).

  The coupler 21 is connected by a bi-directional electrical connection of the computer bus type with a reduced processing element 22 constituted by a special integrated circuit comprising a core composed of a microcontroller and auxiliary circuits such as a read only memory of programs and a

working memory.

  The processing unit is connected to the control input device 23 which allows the user to manually enter commands intended to activate routines of treatment interpreted by the processing unit, which are routine

which will be explained later.

  The processing member 22 is then connected to a signaling member 26 intended to produce for the user the results of the processing operations carried out by the processing member 22. In one embodiment, the display member 26 comprises a display 27. In another embodiment, the signaling device 26 comprises a loudspeaker 28. In another embodiment, the signaling device 26 comprises a display 27 and a loudspeaker 28. In a minimal embodiment , the portable object 1 can be limited to these means that allow it to operate in local mode according to the method which will be detailed later. An application of such a portable object is to allow the user to simply know the contents of the data carrier. For example, if the data carrier is a microcircuit card for an electronic wallet application, the portable object 1 can read the balance of the card and thus allow to predict the redemption of a new card or its reloading during a future connection to the "natural" operating equipment of the support

of data.

  In another application, the portable object makes it possible to enter, in a zone provided for this purpose, a code representing a desired operation to be performed on a given date, or the occurrence of a specific event, such as the next connection to the operating equipment

"natural" data carrier.

  Not having a direct connection with the natural operating equipment of the data carrier, in this embodiment of the invention, the portable object can receive a special data carrier, which serves as a data carrier. initialization. On the introduction of a special command, the processing unit reads the contents of the initialization data medium and loads into its program memory software routines that make it possible to initialize the object.

  portable to a new application.

  In a more extensive embodiment, the processing member 22 of the portable object of the invention comprises a communication management member 24 which serves as an interface between the member 22 and an immaterial connection means 25. In this embodiment, the portable object can be reconfigured or initialized when connected to the equipment

  "natural" operation of the data carrier.

  In FIG. 3, the structure of a file recorded in the data medium, which is intended to be read by the reduced processing unit 22 in the portable object, is shown.

  and enable the reduced processing process in local mode.

  The file will be described in the case of an application of the invention to a memory card management equipment of

multiservice type.

  In a memory card, the address space is divided by the operating equipment of the natural operating equipment of the card into files which each have a name which serves to identify them with respect to each other. . Files can also be grouped into directories that are sets of files that are processed together in

determined application.

  In an exemplary application of the invention, a directory was assigned to the files of a payment application of rights of way in a parking lot and another directory was reserved for the files of a transport charge payment application on a urban transport network. Here we have the heart of an application called multiservices of the memory card. The file of FIG. 3, referred to hereinafter as the MIC file, consists of a series of fixed length records. Each record has 6 fields which are successively: the CMDE field: which contains the code of the command or reduced instruction that the portable object will have to execute; the LIBL field: which contains a text intended to be transmitted to the user by means of the signaling device, display and / or loudspeaker; - the DIR field: which contains the name of the directory concerned by the required processing in the CMDE field; - the field FILE: which contains the name of the file registered in the directory defined in the field DR, file concerned by the treatment required in the field CMDE; the field ARG1: which comprises a possible first argument to be used in the case of certain commands defined in the CMDE field; the field ARG2: which includes a second possible argument to use in the case of certain commands defined in the

CMDE field.

  Other fields may be provided in other applications

of the invention.

  The LIBL field generally contains information intended to guide the user in understanding the displays that take place in front of him on the display, or who comment on certain operations to be performed to execute the restricted processing. A PCM file, written in a special zone of the memory card (so-called first zone in the present application), is read first when the portable object in which the memory card is connected, begins its activity. For this purpose, the program pointer of the reduced processing unit

  place on the first record # 1 of the MIC file present.

  The reduced processing unit reads the first CMDE field and interprets the command therein. Depending on the interpretation of the command, it reads or modifies the other fields of the record # 1, other records of the MIC file, or data in other files of the address area of the card to memory. Then, having executed the CMDE command of the record # 1, the processor is placed on the record # 2. If the LIBL field is not empty, the processing unit transmits it to the signaling member to warn the user of an operation to be performed on the portable object, in relation with the CMDE command which has just been issued. be done, or to display everything

  or part of a message stored in this LIBL field.

  In the embodiment described here, the portable object remains in the waiting state unless there are no more records in the MIC file. In the latter case, or if the wait exceeds a predetermined threshold, the portable object is placed in

a sleep mode.

  The user is requested to move in the PCM file using the keys 6 or 7 of the input portion of the command input device 3 of the object shown in FIG. 1. By pressing the key 7 to the next record, the processor goes to record # 2, which he reads and interprets in the same way as

  above for record # 1.

  However, in some commands, the execution of the interpreted command is only possible by pressing the validation key, which is the key 5 in the example of the

figure 1.

  The key 6 serves as a key to move to the previous record, which allows the user to restart the operation if he wishes to change or remember the content of the message that has been reported and that is registered

in the LIBL field.

  We will now describe the set of commands that are planned

  to perform the method of the invention.

  In FIG. 4, the two commands which are

  reserved for the first record # 1 of the MIC file.

  The NOP command, shown in line (a) of FIG. 4, is intended not to perform an operation on the processing unit. All other fields of record # 1 whose operation code of the CMDE field is NOP have an indifferent value that is not used in the processing unit. In reality, however, the processor executes a passage from its pointer of the record # 1 to the record # 2, that is to say in general: the next record if it exists. On the other hand,

  the portable object goes into rest mode.

  The command AFF, represented in line (b) of FIG. 4, is intended to display a message contained in the file defined in the field FILE and in the directory defined in the field DIR. The values of OFFSET and LENGTH are defined for scrolling the message on the reduced-size display, particularly in the case of a portable object. Furthermore, the display executes a predetermined number of passages of the message, three repetitions in a preferred embodiment, the message flowing in the window formed on the text of the message by the display. The other fields of this first record # 1, when its CMDE field is AFF, have an indifferent value that is not exploited in

the treatment organ.

  After the message is displayed, the portable object executes

automatically the NOP command.

  FIG. 5 shows the commands executable by the reduced processing unit of the portable object and which are written in the records following the first one.

  record # 1, and therefore records # 2 and following.

  For each of the following 5 possible commands, the file MIC is represented with the pointer of the organ of

  treatment of the portable object placed on the record #i.

  In line (a) of FIG. 5, the command defined in the CMDE field of the record #i is the command PJE which displays the contents of a particular zone of the memory card. This field is defined in the FILE file in the DIR directory and takes a format that is defined by the

ARG2 and ARG2 fields.

  In an exemplary embodiment, the file on which the PJE command is contained is contained in an area of the memory of the memory card which is reserved for an electronic payment application. In such an application, the information contained in the FILE file of the directory DIR is an amount expressed in monetary units, such as francs, the argument ARG1 indicating the position of the decimal point, and the argument ARG2 indicating the nature of the monetary unit according to a predetermined coding. Such an example of coding is contained in the ISO standards of memory cards and is defined therein.

the ACCOUNT structure label.

  In line (b) of FIG. 5, the command defined in the CMDE field of the record #i is the AFF command which displays a message contained in a particular zone of the memory card. This field is defined in the file FILE of the directory DIR, which can be a file of the type "text" constituted by a sequence of characters that the command AFF will read from the character pointed by the value of the field OFFSET and until the message obtained by adding the successive characters of the read file is a length defined by the

LENGTH field.

  If the length of the character string thus extracted from the file read by the command AFF is longer than that of the display of the signaling member, the keys 6 and 7 of the input part of the organ input of commands 3 will be interpreted to scroll the message in the window formed on the display 4 in a first direction or in the second direction, so as to allow

  the user to consult the text.

  In line (c) of Figure 5, the command defined in the CMDE field of the record #i is the LIST command. This command makes it possible to scroll on the request of the user who uses the scroll keys 6 and 7 of the command input device 3, of a list contained in the file FILE of the directory DIR, the list being limited by the values of the OFFSET and LENGTH fields. In a preferred embodiment, the information in the list has a fixed format, for example such that an information unit can be

  displayed in full on the display 4.

  Note that several lists can be formed in a single file, even if by the structure of the LIST command executed on the record #i, only one list is activated.

  to the value specified by the OFFSET field.

  In line (d) of Figure 5, the command defined in the CMDE field of the record #i is the SEL command. This command is substantially identical to the LIST command, but a status indicator precedes each unit of information in the list being displayed. In the course of the scrolling of the list contained from the value defined by the field OFFSET to the value defined in the field LENGTH, in the file FILE of the directory DIR, only the elements of the list whose indicator is at a predetermined value (the

  true Boolean value for example) will be displayed.

  The key 5 of validation of the control input device makes it possible to switch the indicator by making it change value. This property of the SEL command is used in particular to allow a user to define a selection in a list that will be later exploited by

  the natural operating equipment of the data carrier.

  In general, the list usable by the SEL command consists of an indicator which occupies a determined address octet in the file which contains the list, the value of the byte being in hexadecimal writing 00h for the

  true Boolean value and FFh for the false boolean value.

  The following message presents a sequence of constant length characters intended to be fully displayed on

the display.

  Note that when this SEL command is executed in local mode on the portable object, it is a preparation for a subsequent connection in remote mode with the equipment.

  natural exploitation of the data carrier.

  Note also that the list comprising an indicator for each of its units must be preloaded in the memory card (the data carrier). This loading can be realized during the personalization of the card, or by downloading using the bidirectional intangible link, during a transaction made with the natural exploitation equipment by the portable object in

remote mode.

  In line (e) of FIG. 5, the command defined in the CMDE field of the record #i is the CTRL command for checking the validity of a transaction made in the memory card. In the execution of this command, the user automatically accesses a record of the second memory zone, in which the last transaction made is stored. This record can be indicated by reading the file defined in the FILE field for the

  DIR directory and between arguments ARG1 and AGR2.

  In this case, any access to this zone makes it possible to know the nature of the last transaction made. In particular, this command can be used on a portable object used by a ticket controller that would be implemented in the data carrier, such as a microcircuit card. Inserting the passenger's card into his reader (portable object), the controller would have access to the area indicating the date, time and place of the last passage of the passenger in front of an input terminal such as terminal 17 of the

  Figure 1, thus indicating the validity of the ticket.

  Other similar areas on the same map may be provided for other services operated at the same time on the map, and that controllers can check separately.

on their own reader.

  It is clear that this command can also be implemented on the natural operating equipment, during a connection in remote mode, to check said last transaction area performed, or containing information

control of this kind.

  In Figure 6, there is shown to summarize the steps of

  the flowchart of the method of the invention.

  In a step 30, the portable object is activated to execute a processing in local mode. It is woken up so that its main electricity-consuming circuits are activated only for the local mode operation and then disconnected from the internal power supply

of the portable object.

  Furthermore, in operation in remote mode, pressing the validation key (the key 5 on the control input device 3 of the portable object of FIG. 1), may execute the alarm of the consumer circuits for execute the connection. The fixed terminal before which the portable object opens the dialogue will close at the end of the connection session the activation of circuits that resume a state of rest without power consumption or low consumption

electric.

  During step 31, the data carrier (microcircuit card for example) is inserted in the portable object, unless it is already there. This latter situation is typically one in which the data carrier is not removable from the portable object, but instead forms an integral part thereof. In such a case, the irremovable association of a portable object and a data carrier constitutes what will be called a badge in what follows. Such a badge, with its external appearance, is functionally identical to the system of FIG. 1 when the support of

  data 2 is inserted into the slot or opening 8.

  In step 32, access is made to a first

  instruction, AFF or NOP type in the first memory area.

  At step 33 the instruction is executed as already described

using Figures 4 and 5.

  Then step 34 is executed in which the portable object, in particular by its command input device 3, carries out the transition to the next instruction, that is to say according to the key 6 or 7 actuated, the passage of the instruction #i to intruction # i-1 if it exists, or to instruction # i + 1, if

she exists.

  If such an instruction exists, the end test, noted end test in step 38 is performed and the output 36 of the test is returned to step 32 to access the instruction # i-1 or # i + 1 inscribed in the first zone. If the end of the first zone has been reached, the test of step 355 excites its output 38 and the step 39 of end of processing in local mode is executed. In this step 39, the portable object and its support are returned to standby or shutdown mode to limit consumption. Thus, a method of processing the displays on a micro-circuit card reader has been described. Here is meant here "microcircuit card reader" a portable object in which can be introduced a microcircuit card. The reader behaves in remote mode as an interface between the microcircuit card and a fixed equipment by transmitting bidirectionally by an intangible link information to the card from the fixed equipment, and vice versa. The reader has a keyboard of three keys allowing to scroll (scrolling) in both directions and to validate

orders.

  The method of the invention makes it possible to manage the display of the portable microcircuit card reader taking into account the multiservice character of the application. This method makes it possible to maintain complete transparency in the processing of the card inserted in the portable reader by transferring the specific character of the application to commands (the instructions of FIGS. 4 and 5) parameterized and modifiable to

  will on the microcircuit card.

  Indeed, to keep a great flexibility in operation of the application, the portable microcircuit card reader behaves like an interpreter, in the computer sense of the word, commands from the microcircuit card of a on the other hand, and natural farming equipment on the other hand, so as to be trivialized. The fact that the commands are interpreted on the card reader allows it to be trivialized for any application developed whatever the type of card and the contents of the specific memory areas in the context of this card.

shell.

  The operator of the application, whether dedicated to one or more services, can change the type of microcircuit card without having to change the card readers once they are emptied of their old cards, and without

  generate specific problems.

  In an application of the method and the products of the invention to the microcircuit card in the field of payment and physical access control, in particular in public transport, there is a distinction in the reduced processing instructions in local mode: consultation of accounts, access rights, etc .; - setting instructions, such as the choice of a destination; - instructions for the verification of a ticket or

* more generally the last operation performed.

  These instructions are assembled in a file inscribed in the first zone described above, in the memory of the microcircuit card. They are decoded separately in sequence by the command interpreter implemented in the reduced processing unit. The reduced processing unit dialogue with the microcircuit card using specialized software, reserved for the type of card inserted in the portable object (designated by driver in the technical literature) and which provides access to completely transparent to the resources of the microcircuit card which are necessary for the local execution of the restricted processing that the reader has (portable object). A single "driver" software is activated at a time, and it is selected from among a plurality of drivers pre-registered in a read-only memory loaded to the manufacture of the portable object. The selection is made during the first loading of the first zone, in particular when the purchase or the provision to

  the user of the portable player and the card.

  With the aid of FIG. 12, an embodiment of the invention is described in an application comprising: a payment service for urban transport; - three services of PJE electronic token holders each with a certain balance in monetary units such as francs or conventional units; - three text files respectively, the first containing a name of the application, the second an advertising slogan, the third a list of destinations in the

urban transport network.

  These services and files are stored in second areas of the memory of the microcircuit card, while a reduced instruction file designated by the term "MIC" file is written in the first area. This "MIC" file of reduced processing instructions, which will be executed in local mode, comprises a succession of eight instructions, including

  the effect is described in the table of FIGS. 13 and 14.

  In this table, the first column (called "comment") describes the effect, the second column indicates the action on the command entry device that includes: - an "up arrow" key to move to the next instruction in the MIC file or to advance the display of a message; a "down arrow" key to go to the previous instruction in the PCM file or to make the display of a message go backwards in the display window constituted on the display; - a "horizontal arrow" key to validate a selection, a command, etc. In the following "MIC" file example, we kept the fields of each instruction in order and with the encoding

  described in Figures 4 and 5.

  In Figure 7, there is shown the electronic part of a transmission device for an infrared link used in the invention. The electrical signal carrying the information to be transmitted is transmitted to an input terminal 51 of a communications management circuit (transmission). The output of this circuit 51 is connected to a first terminal of a series of n analog switches 53, separately referenced from 53-1 to 53-n. The second terminal of each switch 53-1 to 53-n is connected to a terminal of a suitably biased infrared emission diode 54-1 to 54-n in a diode array

issue 54.

  The control electrode of each switch 53-1 to 53-n is connected to the output of a circuit 55 generating an emission electronic mask. The circuit 55 can receive a configuration, for example in the form of coding wheels, or a configuration word, received from the complete management system, so as to activate a predetermined region of the network 54 of emission diodes, so as to comply with the operating lobe. In another category of means taken to conform the operating lobe, in transmission or reception, the following pages show mechanical solutions in which the collimation is ensured by screens,

  masks, blinkers or waveguides.

  It will be understood that these means are made of materials that do not reflect the infrared radiation produced by the emitters. In one embodiment, some or all of these mechanical parts are made in one

  material absorbing infrared radiation.

  In these embodiments of mechanical means of collimation, it has been found that the shapes of the operating lobe are entirely determined by trigonometric calculations, and that the shape of the lobe is preferentially adjusted with respect to the horizontal plane xOy and with respect to the plane vertical zxOy, the carrier of the portable object and the terminal arranged in front of him in the immaterial connection being most often oriented with respect to these

two directions.

  It was noted that the operating distance, ie, the length of the operating lobe along its axis, was not reduced by these mechanical collimation devices or by their realization in electronic form.

  (Figure 7), and that they can be combined.

  Furthermore, there are shown two-dimensional networks of emitting diodes, in which the diodes are placed at the intersections of a rectangular grid. It is clear that arrangements in which the diodes are arranged according to other two-dimensional distributions are possible, especially in a rectangular mesh configuration, with

  an additional diode disposed in the center of each mesh.

  Moreover, the transmitting and receiving device of the invention has been shown for a fixed terminal. In this case, the electronic circuits recited in FIG. 7, and others, are mounted on a printed circuit board which is mechanically associated with the substrate on which the circuit board is mounted.

  two-dimensional network of emitting diodes.

  A transmitting and receiving device has also been realized, the reception part being based around a single receiving phototransistor, arranged in the center of the dimensional network of emitting diodes, or in a position inside the network. In other embodiments, a plurality of phototransistors are disposed in the array at predetermined locations. The reception signal, which is derived from the detection signals from each phototransistor, is obtained according to the embodiments by the following means: - Voting of the detection signal from the phototransistor producing the best amplitude characterization, or reconstruction of a predetermined initialization signal generated at the beginning of communication; - weighted sum of the sensing siganux from the set

  phototransistors of the transmitting and receiving device.

  Furthermore, the portable object that can be constituted by a reader of a removable medium or by a badge in which the data carrier is irremovable, naturally carries a transmitting and receiving device similar to those described for the terminals of the fixed equipment of the system

complete management.

  However, for the sake of reducing the power consumption and the mechanical bulk of the portable object, the applicant has studied an embodiment in which: the device for transmitting and receiving the fixed terminals comprises a network of 24 emission diodes in 6 columns of 4 rows and a single reception phototransistor arranged in the center of the emission diode array; the transmission and reception device of each portable object comprises two emission diodes arranged on each side and

  other than a single phototransitor of reception.

  The device for transmitting and receiving the portable object preferably comprises a collimator constituted by a

  waveguide disposed on the receiving phototransistor. The guide is unique and is cylindrical.

  FIGS. 8 and 9 show two means for supplementing the collimation means described above so as to regulate

the operating distance.

  In FIGS. 8 and 9, a phototransistor of the transmitting and receiving device receives infrared radiation 61. To adjust the operating distance, it has been found

  two electronic means that are combinable.

  In FIG. 8, the detection signal is connected to a first terminal 62 of a voltage comparator 59. The second terminal 63 of the comparator 59 is connected to the output of an adjustable reference voltage generator 60. The output of the comparator 59 is produced on the terminal 64 as reception signal in a lobe whose operating distance is regulated by a configuration means which sets the level of the voltage of the

reference.

  The setting of the reference level is determined by a configuration word 65 produced by the complete management system comprising the portable objects, the terminals and the equipment.

  of natural exploitation to which they are connected.

  In another embodiment, the adjustment is determined by configuration during manufacture, or during installation

  transmit and receive devices.

  In FIG. 9, the detection signal coming from the phototransistor 58 is connected to the input terminal of a detection signal amplifier 66, which also comprises a control input of the gain of the amplifier 6. The control signal mgain is produced by a gain control generator 68. The amplified detection signal is available at the terminal of

exit 70.

  As before, the gain control circuit 68 is adjusted by configuration by a configuration word 69, or by setting a potentiometer or similar device during manufacture and / or installation of the device.

transmission and reception.

  In FIG. 10, chronograms are shown explaining the operation of the coding of the invention. The timing diagram (a) represents the electrical signal representative of the binary word between the beginning "start" and the end "stop". The

binary word is "01000001".

  According to the invention, the changes in the state of the electrical signal representative of the binary word are detected and one obtains a

  pulse electrical signal shown in Figure 10 (b).

  This pulse signal is transmitted to the transmitting device to produce the infrared emitting radiation in the light link with a receiving device. The receiving device receives the infrared radiation and, using a shaping circuit, obtains a reproduction

  the pulse signal of Figure 10 (b).

  The reception circuit comprises a circuit of division of the pulse signal by two, so as to reconstruct an electrical signal representative of the transmitted message (Figure 10c). As a result, Figure 10 (d) shows the message

identical to the one coded.

  Among the advantages of this coding, the pulse width of the signal (b) is calculated so as to minimize the power consumption due to the emitter diodes. It is thus easy to implement a coding circuit even on a

portable object.

  The transmission coding circuit comprises means for producing a pulse at each change of state of the binary word to be transmitted, the pulse being of a width representing a fraction of the frequency of the clock which

serialize the binary word.

  Such a circuit comprises a state change detector (0 to 1, or 1 to 0), the output of which is connected to the drive terminal of a monostable flip-flop whose duration is

  constituted by a fraction of the clock period.

  In Figure 11, there is shown a diagram showing a receiving circuit for decoding the transmitted message. The detection signal produced by a phototransistor 80 whose operating lobe has received the infrared emission radiation, is connected to the input of an amplifier 81 which amplifies the detection signal. The amplified detection signal is connected to a first input of a comparator 82, a second input of which receives a predetermined reference voltage produced by a suitable generator 84. The output of the comparator 82 is transmitted to the input of a circuit 83 of frequency division by two. The signal produced at the output of the circuit 83 (timing diagram 10b) is transmitted to a reception input terminal Rx of a management circuit of the received message. The circuit 85 is preferably constituted by a reception circuit

standardized UART type.

  In another aspect of the invention, a plurality of portable objects, each constituted by a badge or a removable media drive into which a data carrier has been inserted, are at the same time in the operating lobe of the receiving device. 'a fixed terminal

a management system.

  The system programmatically allocates time windows during which a virtual channel is opened and assigned to a portable object during the time of its connection. To combat conflicts between portable objects, the system

  management is master and the portable objects are slaves.

  A first random number is generated by each object

  portable according to its activation by the user.

  This activation is produced by pressing the validation key. This first random or random number is transmitted in the response of the portable object to the management system which requests its identification. Depending on the various responses that the portable objects transmit to it, the management system allocates a connection channel to each

portable object.

  To ensure the resolution of conflicts between two badges to which the same communications channel would be allocated, a second random or random number is generated by each portable object, and the management system uses it to lift the

possible conflict.

  FIGS. 19 to 22 show an example of an implementation of a multi-access, multi-access management automat that exploits

this possibility of the invention.

  According to another aspect of the invention, the portable object contains an operating system, in the computer sense of the term (operating system) which is interposed between the operating system of the data carrier, in particular when it comprises a microcircuit programmed, as is the case of a microcircuit card, and the operating system itself of the management system (MS-DOS for example). As a result, the operating system programmed in the portable object constitutes a buffer. A particular routine registered in the operating system of the portable object makes it possible to convert the activation commands of the operating system of the microcircuit card into a predetermined syntax, without the programmer of the computer application being carried on the management system needs to know it. this routine called Exchange_ADPU uses the ISO definition of the system

  operating microcircuit cards.

  In the following pages, an integrated circuit for receiving the operating system in the object is described.

portable.

  1 Introduction This specific component has been produced at the request of the company Topcard. It integrates the main features of an Infrared Emission-Receiving system. It is manufactured

  by the Swiss company EM pJelectronic Marin in CMOS technology 2, am low consumption

  tion. It incorporates 2550 logic gates. The case is a 44 pin PQFP.

  2 General The infrared receiver-receiver system incorporates the following: 1. An infrared transceiver block with status and control registers

  ("baudrate and pulse-width") of the communication and data received or transmitted

updates.

  2. An interface of type "NS" pwire.

  3. An "Intel 80c51" type interface.

  4. A set of amplifiers and analog comparators ensuring a formatting of the received data (a digital-analog converter will be implemented

in version 2 of the component).

  3 Pin assignment The circuit pinout is shown in Figure 24. The function provided by the circuit at each pin of the circuit

  of Figure 24 is shown in the table of Figure 25.

  4 Features 4.1 General overview The synoptic of the infrared transceiver system

is shown in Figure 26.

  4.2 Operating modes The SCON control register is used to program the system for transmission or reception. It also allows the writing or reading of the 9 '' TC bit transmitted or received as well

as the masking of interrupts.

  The processed data is 11 bits wide, and configured as follows: START DATA (8bit <) | 9m bit STOP O XXH 0 or 1 1I The information to transfer (, (DATA) is programmed in the SBUF register. The transmission frequency and the duration of the infrared pulse are programmed in the BRgen and PWidth registers.After the writing of 1; l data in SIBUF, the transmitter transmits the information. The receiver receives the information. at the frequency programmed into its BRgen register This data is available in the HOLD register At the end of the transmission, the system sets an available end of transmission interuption in the SCON register, while the receiver sets an interrupt. end of reception as well as two validation information of the received data (Frame error and

  Overrun error). These status bits are available in SCON.

  Two component access modes are implemented. During serial access (uiwire type) the mode input must be forced to 1. For parallel access (80c51), the mode input is

positio: born to 0.

  A system for validating the operating voltage of the analog assembly is displacible via the PCON register and the ZAPP signal. PCON allows the disconnection of the analog part and ZAPI 'allows its re-connection. information

  PCON is copied to the output of the same name.

  4.3 Register Addressing Name Parallel Address Serial Address Access Mode Size | BRGENH 07H 07H Write 8 bits BRGENL 06H 06H Write 8 bits PWIDTHII 05H 05H Write 8 bits SCON 04H 84} 11 / 04H Read / Write 8 bits SBUF 0311 03H1 Write 8 bits HIIOLD 03H11 8311 Read 8 bits PCON 02H 82H11 / 02H Read / Write i bit CMPH2 01H 8111 / 01OH Read / Write 2 bits _CMPLê 00H 8011 / 00H Read / Write 8 bits 2These registers are not implemented in version 1, they are used in version 2 by the DAC to generate VREF Transmit-Receive 5.1 Infrared Data Format

  The format of the infrared data is shown in Figure 27.

  5.2 Infrared transmit / receive control register: 2.1 SCon SCon is the control register of the component. It allows its programming in transmitter or receiver, the masking of the end of transmission-reception interruptions and the programming (or the reading) of the 9'm "bit transmitted (or received). Its structure is the following SCon

  EINT I TXEN I TXB8 RXB8 I TI I RI FE I OE

  Read accessible Read with: * EINT (SCON.7): Enable Interrupt. Interrupt masking bit, EINT

  acts on the INT output by forcing it to the inactive state when this bit is at 0.

  * TXEN (SCON.6): Transmit Enable. When this bit is 1, the component is

  configured as a transmitter. When this bit is 0, it is configured as a receiver.

  * TXB8 (SCON.5): 9 "bit to transmit if the component is configured to transmit

  tor. No effect if the component is a receiver.

  * RXB8 (SCON.4): 9 * "bit received if the component is a receiver.

the component is a transmitter.

  TI (SCON.3): End of transmission interrupt if the component is n1111 cnet-

  tor. Not applicable if the component is a receiver.

4I

  * RI (SCON.2): Interrupt of end of reception if the component is a receiver.

  Not applicable if the component is a transmitter.

  * FE (SCON.1): Framing Error Interrupt if the component is a receiver. Not applicable if the component is a transmitter. This interruption can come from several sources:

  - Start Error = Multiple switches within a single "BaudRate".

  The Start Error can come from an incompatibility of the transmission and reception frequencies (programmed in the BRgen of the transmitter and the receiver)

  but also interference from the infrared reception input (RXIR).

  The observation period of the RXIR input is BaudRate at each received bit. - Stop Error => Detection of a Stop bit at 0. The Stop Error has the same

sources as the Start Error.

  * OE (SCON.O): Interruption of information loss. Before the data contained

  naked in HOLD has been read, the infrared interface receives a new data replacing the previous one in HOLD. This interruption is not applicable if the

component is a transmitter.

  In the case where the component is programmed as a transmitter, the output signal INT responds to the following equation:

INT = EINT.TI

  If the component is a receiver, then INT responds to the following equation

INT = EINT (RI + FE + OE)

  Reading the SCON register causes the INT output and the

information TI, RI, FE, OE.

  The INT pin and the TI, I, FE, OE and RXBS information are accessible at the end of the infrared transmission (or reception). In the course of transmission, this information

  relate to the previous transmission.

5.2.2 BRgen

  BRgen is the definition register of the transmission (or reception) frequency BR-

  gen consists of two registers (Bl [genH and BRgenL)). concatenated, program a transmission (or reception) of frequency corresponding to the following equation BAUDRATE = = LC nH BAUDRATE = 2 (65536- (BRgenH & BRgenL)) in Hz 5.2.3 PWiDth

  PWiDthl is the definition register for the itfrar transmission line. uge.

  PWiDLth has no effect on the system <reception. The duration of the infra-ouge pulse corresponds to the following equation: PULSEWIDTII = 256-PWiDthh CLOCK (AHz) en1

5.2.4 SBUF

  SBUF is the register containing the information to be transmitted. It has no effect for a receiver.

5.2.5 HOLD

  HOLD is the register containing the information received. It is irrelevant for an issuer

  tor. At the end of an infrared reception, HOLD replaces the data of the previous transfer with the data of the transfer which has just ended. If this data has not been read (read access to HOLD), then the component triggers an interrupt

"Overruin Error" (OE).

  6 The analog part 6.1 The registers of the analog block

6.1.1 PCON

  Writing the value 1 in the PCON register causes the weak consomi: .ation of the component to be disconnected by the disconnection of the analog power supply thereof. An activity edge (1f) on the input ZAPP of the component causes the reset of the information stored in PCON and the re-connection of the supply of the analog part: fo of the component.

6.1.2 CMP

Documented in version 2.

6.2 Analogue amplifiers

Documented in version 2.

6.3 The analog comparator

Documented in version 2.

  6.4 The digital-to-analog converter

Documented in version 2.

7 Operating Procedures

PROGRAM

  - SCON loading, with TXEN = 1, 9th bit programming.

  - Loading "baudrate" BRgenH / BRgenL.

  - Loading PWiDth pulsewidth.

  - Loading the data to be sent in SBUF.

  - The broadcast is triggered at the end of SBUF loading.

  - At the end of the 11 th bit transmitted on TXIR ("stop bit"), TI is generated.

RECEPTION

  - Loading SCON, with TXEN = 0.

  - Loading "baudrate" BRgenH / BRgenL.

  - The "baudrate" clock of the receiver is triggered at. the detection of the first

transition on the RXIR input.

  - At the end of the 11th received bit ('stop bit'), RI1, FE and OE are set.

  - The HOLD register contains the information received.

  - The SCON register contains the 9th bit received.

  - To reset a reception without errors. it is necessary to read HOLI).

  It is advisable to read SCON between each transmitting-receiving.

  8 Serial Mode Type; iwire 8.1 Principle of Operation When Mode is set to 1, the component programming input port is

  serial. The write information on SI is taken into account on t of SK. In readout, SO output information is provided on 4 of SK. For a more detailed description of pwire mode operation, refer to the manufacturer's documentation (NS).

  The uwire serial mode protocol is

shown in Figure 28.

  The structure of the typical bus control information, uwire, is as follows: Control type pwire Direction j Address O or 1 xxxx 0 to 7 When programming at 1 bit 7 of the lwire control interface, the component performs

  a reading of the address register corresponding to bits 2 to O and provides the information contained in the register during the next 8 SKs. In the case of a programming at O of bit 7, the component performs a write of the received data the next 8 SKs.

  8.2 Burst mode A pwire fast reading mode has been implemented. It allows to chaining readings

  providing only the control information necessary for decoding the registers.

  The information read out on SO is shifted by one complete cycle (8 SK) with respect to the meaning and address information register. For this, it is necessary to disable

  the CS input between two control cycles.

  Rd The burst protocol of the uwire type interface

is shown in Figure 29.

  9 Parallel mode type 80c51 The parallel interface is of the asynchronous type with address / data multiplexed on 8 bits wide. The signals are in accordance with the manufacturer's documentation (Intel) to which it will be necessary to refer for more information. The parallel interface is selected when mode is set to O. Time characteristics The significance, references and values of the time characteristics are collated in the table of Figure 30, and summarized in the timing diagrams of Figure 31, for the uwire type interface. , of figure 32, for the interface

type 80c5I.

  The present invention relates to a portable object that can communicate remotely from

  Bidirectional way by an immaterial connection.

  1- Definition of the portable object A portable object is defined as any portable object holding:

  * A computing power that can be a microprocessor, a micro-processor

  controller or a coding / decoding logic (sequencer, ...) * The possibility of storing information * An internal power supply (battery, solar cell, accumulator, ..) or external (inductive system ...) * A device remote dialogue that can be infra-red, radio

  frequency, microwave, inductive laser, ...

  2- Areas of application This portable object can be used for all applications requiring access to the memory of the portable object in reading and / or remote writing without physical contact

  between two portable objects or a portable object and a fixed element.

  In particular, this method can be used in the following fields:

  - physical access control of people, vehicles ...

  - payment: the memory zone contains in this case an "electronic wallet" or

  an electronic token door that can be remotely modified.

  3- Packaging Packaging means the manner of presenting the portable object in its external form as well as the manner of arranging the various elements inside thereof. The

  packaging can be different depending on the application domain.

  - Packaging "key holder" - Packaging type PCMCIA - Packaging type smart card format ISO 7816 or portable smart card reader - Packaging type pocket calculator 4- Memory management Access to memory can be secured either by encryption algorithms (type

DES or RSA) and / or by secret code.

  In the case of securing by secret code, it establishes a hierarchy that allows depending on the level of authorization of the operator to perform certain operations

  corresponding level of empowerment on the said portable object.

  Proposed Mapping of Memory (TPC2048):

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

0 MANAGER SECRET CODE

1 SECRET CODE AREA 1 (CSI)

2 AREA SECRET CODE 2 (CS2)

3 SECRET CODE AREA 3 (CS3)

4 SECRET CODE AREA 4 (CS4)

SECRET CODE AREA 5 (CS5)

6 SECRET CODE AREA 6 (CS6)

7 SECRET CODE AREA 7 (CS,)

8 SECRET CODE AREA 8 (CSS)

9 MEC FIA FIB FIC OSF RFU

DESCRITOR AREA 1

A ADRESS AREAI LENGHT AREA 1

  B IN IYP RELEASE OF THIS CE OSF! ERRORCOUNTI RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 2

C ADRESS AREA2 LENGHT AREA2

  D IN TYP RE | CE OF THIS EEC OSFj ERROR COUNT 2 RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 3

E ADRESS AREA3 LENGHT AREA 3

  F EN TYP RE | CE OF THIS EEC OSF ERROR COUNT 3 RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 4

ADRESS AREA 4 LENGHTAREA 4

  1 1 IN TYP RE I WEI OF THIS EEC IOSF ERROR COUNT 4 I RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 5

12 ADRESS AREA5 LENGHT AREA5

  13 IN THIS WEBSITE OF THIS EEC OSF ERROR COUNT 5 RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 6

14 ADRESS AREA6 LENGHT AREA6

  IN TYP RE | CE OF THIS EEC OSFj ERROR COUNT 6 RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 7

16 ADRESS AREA7 LENGHT AREA7

  17 IN TYP ER IR - CE 1 CE 1EEC OSF ERROR COUNT 7 RFU

DESCRIPTOR AREA 8

18 ADRESS AREA 8 LENGHT AREA 8

  19 IN TYPE RE I WE OF THIS EEC OSF ERROR COUNT8 RFU

IA TOPCARD AREA

lB ISSUER AREA IC

* ID PUBLIC DATA AREA

IE IF

AREA APPLICATION

  7E 7F - Memory management order The memory management commands comply with the current standard for micro-circuit cards ISO 7816-4: CLA INS Pi P2 P3 With:

  CLA: Designates the instruction class (FF 'reserved).

INS: Instruction code.

  Valid if the least significant bit is '0' and the best quarter is different from '6' and '9' PI P2: Designate a reference (eg address) that completes the instruction code

P3: Number of bytes of data.

  The direction of transfer is a function of the instruction. In an outgoing ISO command, P3 = O means that 256 bytes of data will be issued by the card. In an incoming ISO command, P3 = 0 means that no data will be transferred List of available orders by group * Management of secret codes - Presentation of a code: ChkCod - Modification of a code UpdCod - Rehabilitation of a code UnlCod - Creation a code: LoadCod * Zone management - Creating a zone: MkArea - Selecting a zone: SelArea - Reading dait status: RdSta - Setting a zone in opposition: OsfArea - Grid the fuse of a zone: BlowFus * Management memory - Memory read: RdMem - Memory write: WrMem - Memory update: UpdMem Memory erase: ErMem * Data management - Read: RdArea Write: WrArea - Update: UpdArea - Erase: ErArea - Bitrate: DbPJE - Credit: CdPJE - Reading PJE: RdPJE Admitted conditions Management of secret codes * Presentation of a code - is carried out on the current zone * Modification of a code -possible if the code to modify was previously presented correctly * Rehabilitation of a code -possible if the management code is presented - and EEC is positioned Zone management * Zone creation: - possible if the secret management code is presented - and the FIA and FIB are grilled * Selection of an area always possible * Reading of the status - always possible Setting in opposition of a zone -possible if the secret code of management is presented - and that the zone is valid * Grillefiusible of a zone -possible if the secret code of management is presented Management memory * Memory reading (lah address at IFh) - always possible * Memory write - for the addresses lAh and IBh: possible if the TOPCARD code is presented and the fuse relative to the zone is not blown - for the addresses ICh to IFh: possible if the management code is presented and if the fugitive relating to the zone is not grilled * Update memory -for addresses lAh and IBh: possible if the code TOPCARD is presented and the fuse relative to the zone is not gr illé - for addresses ICh to IFh: possible if the management code is presented and if the fi fible relative to the zone is grilled * Memory erasure - for addresses IAh and IBh: possible if the code tOCARD is presented and the relative fuiible to the zone is not grilled for the address ICh to JFh: possible if the management code is presented and if the fuse relative to the zone is not blasted I Data management * Reading - always possible if RE is not positioned - possible by presentation the secret code linked to the zone if RE is set * Writing - always possible if WE is not positioned - possible by presenting the secret code linked to the zone if WE is positioned * Update - always possible if WE is not positioned - possible by presentation of the secret code linked to the zone if WE is positioned * Erasure - always possible if WE is not positioned - possible by presenting the secret code linked to the zone if WE is positioned * Flow rate - always possible if DE is not positioned - possible by presentation of the secret code linked to the zone if DE is set * Credit - always possible if CE is not positioned possible by presentation of the secret code related to the zone if EC is positioned * Reading PJE - Same attribute as data area

  Note: All operations are performed on the current zone.

  6- Transmission mode In the case of an infrared link, it is wise to use a pulse type encoding that saves energy. This type of coding consists in having a pulse at each change of state (O to 1, I to 0). It also simplifies the electronics that will restore the signal 7- Operating mode Using a push button on the portable object: pressing the push button signals a voluntary act to initiate the transaction from the user of the portable object - Standby mode: the portable object is in permanent waiting for an external event that

  tells him that a fixed element or another portable object wants to interact with him.

Claims (8)

  A method of operating at least one data carrier, before it is connected to a natural data bearer operating equipment, characterized in that it consists mainly of: arranging the medium in a portable object, having a media content-constrained processing member, capable of interpreting an instruction from a predetermined plurality of predetermined instructions for restricted processing of data contained in at least a second memory area, such as a memory readout , an information display, a memory area control, and then - executing access to a first predetermined area of the data medium, in which a file consisting of a sequence of at least one restricted processing instruction is recorded, and then   to execute the instruction corresponding to the requested access.   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in making a communication with a natural operating equipment of the data medium by a link immaterial, in remote mode.   3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists in charging during periods of communications to exploit the data carrier from its natural operating equipment, a sequence of at least one processing instruction restricted in said first zone, and / or data to facilitate this treatment in at least a second zone. Portable object, characterized in that it comprises a means of material connection with a data medium, a restricted processing device able to execute instructions recorded in a first memory zone, on data contained in at least a second zone. support data of data.   5. Portable object according to claim 4, characterized in that it also comprises a communication member for exchanging data by an immaterial connection between the processing member and operating equipment. natural support.   Portable object according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a restricted command data input device for enabling the user to access said first data area so as to execute at least one processing instruction restricted to it recorded on data contained in at least one second zone.   7. Portable object according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a signaling device comprising a display means and / or a sound warning means of the user. 8. Management system comprising at least one portable object, according to claim 4, wherein is inserted a data carrier, and a natural operating equipment, in   which exchanges are bidirectional and provided by infrared radiation according to the method of claim 1.