FR2692613A1 - Automatic reversible gripping and depositing device for a work tool by the tool holder of a machine, in particular earth moving and tool by applying it. - Google Patents

Abstract

- Earthmoving machine. - The gripping and removing device is characterized in that the rear face of the tool comprises two parallel and symmetrical series (I and II) of adaptation and attachment means each comprising two coaxial axes (81, 82) forming adaptation members and which are joined by an embedding bar (111, 112) aligned with said axes and forming a fastening member. - Application to the buckets of a mechanical excavator.

Description

REVERSIBLE AUTOMATIC RECOVERY AND REMOVAL DEVICE

  TOOL FOR WORKING BY THE TOOL HOLDER OF A MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR OF

  EARTH AND TOOL BY APPLYING

  The present invention relates to the adaptation of a tool 505 end of the working member of a machine and it aims, more particularly, the means of automatic adaptation of such a tool on the arm of a machine of earthworks, such as

  excavator, loader or excavator.

  The prior art knows a number of devices for automatically taking and removing a work tool, such as a bucket or shovel, adaptable to a tool holder mounted, for example, on the articulated arm of a machine earthworks. It is possible to cite, in this respect, US Pat. Nos. 2,963,183, 3,512,665, 4,067,567, FR Patent 1,504,892 and, more

  particularly again, the patent FR 2,631,052 (88-06 248).

  The technical solution, provided by this last publication, is fully satisfactory by providing an automatic pick-up and drop-off device capable of providing effective support for the tool holder, which can be urged in thrust or traction and offering automatic compensation of construction or wear games between the complementary parts of the tool

and the tool holder.

  The requirements of earthworks have shown that such a device knew, however, limits of use, because it confers a preferred mounting direction of the tool that is mounted, for example if is a

  bucket, either in the excavator position or in the retro position.

  In some applications, such a privileged sense does not allow to execute particular works, except to change

  every time the earthmoving operation requires it.

  Thus, the automatic tool adaptation devices do not make it possible to execute precisely, quickly and without intervention of the operator, excavations with vertical parallel walls and flat bottoms, as is for example

  necessarily required for the digging of the vaults and tombs.

  To execute such an operation, it is necessary to have two tools that must be changed for execution.

  of each vertical face, as well as for the execution of the bottom.

  In the same way, the execution of certain fouiles at a distance, with passage under the foundation of a wall, without deterioration of it, can not be correctly considered from the articulated arm of a pe Le, in This is because of the pre-orientation given to L'outi L. The requirement for change of equipment necessitates the availability of two materials which must be able to be changed on the spot In practice and because of the progress of L earth moving machine, it is certain that, at each change necessary, the tool required is not found

  immediately at the disposal of the operator.

  In all cases, it is also necessary for the operator to intervene physically in order to carry out the change of tool by supporting a considerable fatigue, often

  cause of accidents sometimes of a serious nature.

  The object of the invention is to fill the existing gap by providing improvements to the automatic gripping and dispensing device, the type of it taught by the application FR 2 631 052, so as to provide the means to ensure Automatic reversible picking and depositing of the same tool without the need for the operator at a job The need for an expense

important physics.

  The object of the present invention is to provide a reversibility character, while retaining the advantages of an automatic pick-and-place device capable of providing

  compensation for construction or wear games.

  To achieve the above objective, the reversible automatic gripping and depositing device for a work piece by the tool holder of an arm of a machine, in particular earth moving, which is of the type comprising, in the first place, on the rear face of L'outi L, adaptation members consisting of two coaxial axes extending horizontally away from the rear face and at least one attachment member forming a mounting bar s' extending horizontally and parallel to the rear face of the tool L and, secondly, on the tool holder, means of support complementary to the adaptation members and formed by housing open upwards , as well as a locking means Lage adapted to cooperate with the mounting bar and which comprises, for this purpose, on the one hand, an interlocking yoke, intended to receive the embedding bar and of which the plane of horizontal symmetry is located at a distance from the bottom of the log substantially equal to this L separating the axes of the bar and, secondly, a corner having a ramp inc Liné and moved by an actuator to be engaged or cleared through the lights presented by the ai of the screed, behind the mounting bar, is characterized in that the rear face of the tool L comprises two parallel and symmetrical series of adaptation and hooking means each comprising two coaxial axes forming adaptation members and which are joined together by an aligned mounting bar forming

fastening member.

  The invention also relates to a reversible working tool, one of whose faces comprises a gripping device and

  reversible automatic dispensing according to the invention.

  Various other characteristics emerge from

  description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which

  show, by way of non-limiting examples, forms of

  accomplishment of the object of the invention.

  Fig 1 is an exploded view of the device of the invention. FIG. 2 is a section taken according to plan II-II of FIG.

fig 1.

  Figure 3 is a section taken along the broken line

III-III of Fig 2.

  Fig. 4 is a plan view showing an example

  particular embodiment of the object of the invention.

  Figs 5 and 6 are elevation sections taken according to

  lines V-V and VI-VI of fig 4.

  Fig. 7 is a cut-up of a tool making

  application of the means of the invention.

  Fig 8 is a schematic view highlighting

  certain advantages of the subject of the invention.

  In a schematic manner, FIG. 1 shows the device of the invention designed to enable automatic attachment or removal of a tool 1 by a machine, in particular earth moving. Such a machine comprises, for example, an articulated arm 3 at the end of which a machine tool 4 is also connected to an orientation cylinder 5 The machine can be of any suitable type, such as a loader, an excavator or a mechanical shovel Similarly, the tool 1, represented in the form of a bucket, is given as an example, the means of the invention being also adaptable to a tool consisting of a shovel or any other accessory. The tool 1 comprises, on a face or carrier wall 6, generally referred to as rear, two upper adaptation members 7 which are constituted by two axes 8 carried by cheeks 9 The axes 8 are coaxial and extend horizontally, from a distance of

the supporting wall 6.

  The tool 1 also comprises, at the lower part of the carrier wall 6, a lower fastening member 10 forming a bar 11, said embedding, extending, horizontally and parallel, at a distance from the wall 6. that it appears more precisely in FIG 2, the bar 11 is shaped to include, on its front face facing the wall 6, a ramp 12 inclined divergently from the top 11 has in

bottom direction 11 b.

  The tool holder 4 can be made in various possible ways to carry the complementary means of the invention to the members 7 and 10 and to allow the adaptation at the end of the arm 3 and the cylinder 5 As an example, the holder 4 comprises a carrier plate 13 on the rear side of which are reported the rear flanges 14 parallel to each other The flanges 14 delimit bearings 15 and 16, respectively for mounting, via removable axes, on the arm 3 and on

the cylinder rod 5.

  The plate 13 carries, on its front face, two front flanges 17 whose upper parts have means 18 for support and cooperation with the means 7 The means 18 are preferably constituted by open housing from above The opening of the housings 18 is, at least in part, delimited by an inclined edge 19 assuming a guide ramp function, able to properly conduct the corresponding axis 8 in the housing 18 which is under the The front flanges 17 have a similar thickness but, in all cases,

  less than the length of the axes 8 between the cheeks 9.

  The front flanges 17 and the plate 13 together provide the support of an interlocking yoke 20 whose wings 21

  extend horizontally to define between them a corridor 22.

  The horizontal plane of symmetry P of the corridor 22 is disposed at a distance from the open housings 18 equal to the vertical measurement separating the coaxial axes 8 of the bar 11. The corridor 22 has two convergent edges in the direction of the core 24 which extends in parallel. The corridor 22 is delimited so that its transverse measurement, in the plane of the internal face of the core 24, is, in all cases, greater than the

  height separating the faces 11a and 11b of the bar 11.

  The interlocking fork 20 is part of a locking member 25 which furthermore comprises a lock 26 in the form of

  wedge, carried by an actuator 27 adapted to the tool holder 4.

  The actuator 27 is preferably constituted by a power transformer, of the linear double-acting type, advantageously constituted by a hydraulic cylinder whose body 28 is mounted on the tool holder 4 to extend vertically. has a rod 29 extending vertically and at the end of which is adapted the latch 26 intended to be engaged or disengaged from guide holes 30 formed in the wings 21 of the interlocking clevis 20 The lights 30 have, in cross section perpendicular to the plane of the plate 13, a width slightly greater than the thickness of the wedge 26 The wedge-shaped lock 26 has, on its face oriented in the direction of the core 24, a ramp 31 inclined convergently in the direction of the end, along a slope equal to that of the ramp 12 of the

Bar 11.

  According to the invention, the adaptation means 7 and attachment 11 are constituted in the form of two series I and II parallel and symmetrical The series I comprises the two coaxial axes 81 which are joined by a mounting bar 111 responding , essentially, to the structural characteristics recalled above The series II is constituted by the mounting bar 112 at the ends of which are provided axes 82 corresponding to the characteristics of the axes 81 being disposed of

aligned with these.

  Thus, each series has a mounting bar which is aligned with two end-shaped coaxial adapter pins 8 and

  linked to the rear face 6 by cheeks or the like 91 or 92.

  According to an arrangement of the invention, which appears in FIG. 2, the embedding bars 111 and 112 are made so as to comprise two ramps 121 and 122 which are formed undercut in two inclined orientations which have been converging since the back side of the tool towards a plane of

  x-x 'symmetry median, parallel to the two series I and II.

  The two bars each also have a transverse cross section which is greater than that of the coaxial axes 8, so as to delimit, for the latter and vis-à-vis the cheeks 9, annular flanges or shoulders which define the useful axial length of adaptation of each

average 8.

  As is apparent from FIG. 1, the device of the invention makes it possible to adapt the tool 1, in the direction illustrated by ensuring the engagement of the axes 81 in the housings 18 to allow the adaptation of the bar 112 in neck Loir 22 in Which the bar is maintained by the commitment of the corner 26 whose

  ramp 31 comes to cooperate with the ramp 122.

  The tool L 1 can, however, also be adapted reversibly by being returned to itself, so that the axes 82 find adaptation in the housing 18 and that the mounting bar 111 comes to take position in the corridor 22 to be immobilized by the engagement of the wedge 26 whose ramp 31 is made to cooperate with the ramp 12 Thus, a same tool L, te L that a bucket, can be adapted in one direction or the other, to work, either in the manner of a child, or in a retro fit, without the operator being compelled to have two adapted tools and to perform physical adaptation operations at the end of the arm 3 Indeed The removal of a tool is carried out automatically by controlling the actuator 27 and the tool holder 4 can then be used to return the tool 1, so as to reverse the series I and

  II to admit a reversible automatic adaptation.

  5 and 6 show an embodiment of linking each bar 111 or 112 to the rear face 6 of the tool 1, via a plate 50 in which is formed for the passage of the corner 26 , a window 41 which is in

  part defined or delimited by ramp 121 or 122.

  In this way, a recovery of force, between the rear wall 6 and the bar 11, through the cheeks 9, can intervene to reinforce the structure of the tool which can thus be advantageously made with shaped plates Thicker to lighten the weight, without reducing its

  mechanical strength characteristics.

  FIG. 7 shows an advantageous arrangement consisting in using, for the two series I and II, common cheeks 52 which make it possible to constitute, with the plates 50, a sort of harness for the recovery of effort, both in the vertical plane In the horizontal plane FIG. 7 also shows that the plates 50 may each consist of a bar 53 and a second bar 54 respectively secured to the bar and to the wall 6. In this way, it is possible to realize, conveniently, quickly and at a low cost, a tool such as 1, meeting the requirement for alignment and parallelism between

  series I and II which are attached to the cheeks 52.

  The connection of the flanges 52, in particular by welding on the wall 6, makes it possible to position the bars 53 and 54 of each plate 50 facing each other and to bond them by welding, while being ensured of the alignment of the series. I and II

  parallel to the wall 6, without resuming machining operation.

  The example of FIG. 7 illustrates a tool, of the shovel type, which can be adapted in one direction or the other, in a reversible manner, on the arm 3 of a machine 60 that can be used, as illustrated. by FIG. 8, for the execution of vertical walled furrows F 61 and orthogonal flat bottom flats 62, according to depth and width characteristics that take account of the displacement pattern E that can be imparted to the tool by

the structure of the articulated arm 3.

  The reversible mounting faculty also makes it possible, as can be seen in FIG. 9, to carry out excavations from a bearing ground while passing under an obstacle, such as a wall or a wall.

  or a low wall, without the obligation of partial demolition of the latter.

  The invention is not limited to the examples described and represented, since various modifications can be made to it.

without leaving his frame.

Claims (5)

CLAIMS:   1 device for reversible automatic gripping and depositing of a working tool (1) by the tool holder (4) of an arm (3) of a machine, in particular an earth moving machine, of the type comprising, in the first place, on the rear face (6) of the tool, adaptation members (7) consisting of two coaxial axes (8) extending horizontally away from the rear face and at least one attachment member (10) forming an embedding bar (11) extending horizontally and parallel to the rear face of the tool and, secondly, on the tool holder, means (18) complementary to the support bodies adapted and formed by housing open upwards, and a locking means (20) adapted to cooperate with the mounting bar and which comprises, for this purpose, on the one hand, an interlocking yoke, intended to receive the embedding bar and whose horizontal plane of symmetry is located at a distance from the bottom of the l ogements substantially equal to that separating the axes of the bar and, secondly, a wedge (26) having an inclined ramp (31) and moved by an actuator (27) to be engaged or disengaged, through lights (30) presented by the wings of the yoke behind the mounting bar, characterized in that the rear face of the tool comprises two series (I and II) parallel and symmetrical means of adaptation and attachment each comprising two axes coaxial elements (81, 82) which are connected by a mounting bar (111, 112) aligned with said axes and forming a fastening member.   2 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bars (111, 112) of the two series have, opposite the rear face of the tool, two ramps (121, 122) which are inclined undercut according to two convergent orientations from said face to a plane of symmetry (x-x ')   median parallel to both series.   3 Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bars (111, 112) are secured to the rear face, each by a plate (50) defining an opening (51) passage of the corner and which is partly defined by   the undercut ramp (12).   4 Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the plate (50) is constituted by two bars (53, 54) respectively integral with the bar and the rear face, and united by welding.   Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the bars have a cross section greater than that of the axes that each of them forms at the end and which are carried by cheeks (9) integral with the rear face. 6 Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cheeks (52) are common to the axes of the two series and constitute with the plates a harness recovery of effort by   relative to the back side of the tool.   7 reversible working tool, especially for earthmoving machine, one of whose faces comprises a reversible automatic pick-and-place device according to one of the Claims 1 to 6.