FR2481719A1 - Procede et appareil pour former des nappes continues non tissees a partir d'un materiau fluide - Google Patents
Procede et appareil pour former des nappes continues non tissees a partir d'un materiau fluide Download PDFInfo
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- FR2481719A1 FR2481719A1 FR8108922A FR8108922A FR2481719A1 FR 2481719 A1 FR2481719 A1 FR 2481719A1 FR 8108922 A FR8108922 A FR 8108922A FR 8108922 A FR8108922 A FR 8108922A FR 2481719 A1 FR2481719 A1 FR 2481719A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2555/00—Personal care
- B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
LE DOMAINE DE L'INVENTION EST CELUI DE LA FORMATION D'UNE NAPPE CONTINUE NON TISSEE. LE PROBLEME POSE CONSISTE A ELIMINER LES INCONVENIENTS DE L'ALIMENTATION CLASSIQUE EN AIR SOUS PRESSION. SUIVANT L'INVENTION, UN TEL PROCEDE CONSISTE A FORMER UNE OU PLUSIEURS RANGEES DE FILAMENTS 20 SITUES A UN FAIBLE ECARTEMENT ET CONSTITUES PAR FILAGE DUDIT MATERIAU FLUIDE; A DIRIGER LES FILAMENTS 20 OBTENUS PAR FILAGE A TRAVERS UNE CHAMBRE DE TREMPE; A AMENER EN CONTACT AVEC CES FILAMENTS 20 UN FLUIDE DE TREMPE A BASSE PRESSION A UNE TEMPERATURE INFERIEURE A CELLE DES FILAMENTS 20 A L'INTERIEUR DE LA CHAMBRE DE TREMPE 24 DE MANIERE A OBTENIR DES FILAMENTS ESSENTIELLEMENT NON COLLANTS, TOUT EN MAINTENANT UNE REPARTITION ESSENTIELLEMENT CONSTANTE DES FILAMENTS SUR LA LARGEUR DE LA MACHINE; A ETIRER LES FILAMENTS 20 DANS UNE BUSE 32, 34, 36 AU MOYEN D'UNE ACCELERATION ESSENTIELLEMENT UNIFORME DU FLUIDE DE TREMPE, AMENANT CE DERNIER A UNE VITESSE ELEVEE UNIFORME DANS LA BUSE, ET A COLLECTER 38 LESDITS FILAMENTS 20 SOUS LA FORME D'UNE NAPPE CONTINUE DE FILAMENTS ENCHEVETRES. L'INVENTION EST PRINCIPALEMENT UTILISEE POUR LA FORMATION DE NAPPES DE POLYMERES, PAR EXEMPLE POUR DRAPS CHIRURGICAUX, TORCHONS, ETC.
Description
1 - Procédé et appareil pour former des nappes continues non
tissées à partir d'un matériau fluide.
La fabrication de voiles ou de nappes conti-
nues non tissées est devenue une industrie importante. On a développé une grande variété de procédés pour fabriquer de tel- les nappes continues depuis la fabrication du papier jusqu'au filage des polymères avec des pistolets à air comprimé ou Un étirage mécanique. On a développé également une grande variété d'applications pour de telles nappes continues qui incluent 1) des articles à usage unique tels que des draps chirurgicaux; 2) des produits à usages multiples tels que des torchons; 3) des tissus durables pour la fabrication des tapis.et analogues; et 4) des composants dans des articles à usage
unique tels que des couches et des serviettes hygiéniques.
La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour réaliser le formage de nappes continues non tissées, en particulier des articles de ce type possédant un
poids de'base situé d'une manière générale dans la gamme al-
lant de 3,39 g/m2 à 339 g/m2, et obtenues par filage de poly-
mères thermoplastiques. De telles nappes continues sont utili-
sées dans la fabrication de produits à usage unique tels que des couches et des enveloppes de serviettes hygiéniques. Avec des poids de base plus importantson peut même utiliser les nappes continues pour des applications plus exigeantes telles que le garnissage de l'envers de tapis, la toile de tente, et analogues. D'une manière générale, la présente invention concerne des nappes continues non tissées formées par filage
de filaments de polymères plastiques, par étirage de ces der-
niers d'une manière aérodynamique pour obtenir un poids désiré
en deniers et rassemblement des filaments sur une surface po-
reuse selon une disposition en recouvrement, de manière à -2- former une nappe continue qui, lorsqu'elle est contre collée, fournit un matériau possédant une résistance suffisante pour de nombreuses applications et que l'on peut ensuite traiter pour des applications supplémentaires. Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil per-
mettant de fabriquer des nappes continues non tissées par for-
mation d'une ou de plusieurs rangées de filaments s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la machine et au moyen de l'étirage des filaments dans une buse s'étendant sur toute la largeur
de la machine.
Il est bien connu de fabriquer des nappes continues non tissées à partir de matières thermoplastiques en réalisant l'extrusion de la matière thermoplastique au moyen d'une filière et en étirant la matière extrudée sous la forme de filaments par éjection, de manière à former une nappe
continue de fibres disposées au hasard sur une surface collec-
trice. L'étirage avec éjection se produit aux emplacements o se trouvent formés des jets discrets qui entraînent un fluide
environnant dans un écoulement turbulent. D'une manière géné-
rale, les dispositifs d'éjection nécessitent des sources sépa-
rées de fluide, habituellement de l'air, et réalisent un éti-
rage en utilisant l'énergie cinétique. Par exemple, le brevet
déposé aux Etats-tinis d'Amérique sous le numéro 3 692 618 dé-
crit un procédé et un appareil de ce type permettant de réa-
'liser un tel produit et utilisant une série de pistolets éjec-
teurs au moyen desquels des faisceaux de filaments sont étirés par de l'air circulant à très grande vitesse, ce qui nécessite une source de haute pression. Ensuite, on essaie d'étaler ou
de faire osciller les faisceaux de manière à produire des bou-
cles en recouvrement dans une nappe continue, qui peut ensuite
être contre collée et utilisée dans des applications pour pro-
duits non tissés.
Les inconvénients de ce procédé et de cet appareil comprennent:
1) la nécessité d'avoir une source d'alimen-
tation en air sous pression élevée
248 1719
- 3 -
2) l'éjection de l'air à basse pression pro-
voquant des écoulements fortement turbulents et par conséquent un entrelacement des filaments; 3) la difficulté de parvenir à ce que tous les éjecteurs produisent des filaments possédant les mêmes caractéristiques; 4) obstruction des éjecteurs par des filaments cassés; et ) profils de poids de base non uniformes ré- sultant d'un mauvais étalement du faisceau ou de variations
dans le degré d'enchevêtrement des filaments.
Lé brevet britannique'n0 l 285 381 décrit un
procédé et un appareil d'éjection semblables qui, tout en met-
tant en oeuvre une chambre d'étirage s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la machine, utilisent des buses de sortie qui sont soumises aux mêmes problèmes d'obstruction, de réenfilage et de mélange turbulent, que l'on rencontre avec les pistolets
connus d'après le brevet décrit précédemment. Ce brevet dé-
çrit également un dispositif sans éjection possédant une forme segmentée. Le brevet déposé aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique sous le numéro 3 802 917 décrit également un dispositif d'éjection s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la machine et un procédé qui, tout en évitant l'utilisation de la plaque porte-buses de sortie du brevet britannique cité précédemment, requiert encore des pressions élevées et est limité à des vitesses
assez basses pour son fonctionnement pratique. Le brevet dé-
posé aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique sous le numéro 4 064 605 dé-
crit un appareil utilisant un étirage à jet d'air à grande vitesse. La présente invention concerne un procédé d'étirage sans éjection et un dispositif pour réaliser le
filage de filaments polymères thermoplastiques. Les disposi-
tifs de l'art antérieur indiqués précédemment, mettent en oeuvre des dispositifs du type à éjecteur pour l'étirage des filaments.Ces dispositifs créent en soi des niveaux élevés
de turbulence et de tourbillonnement, qui ont tendance à en-
chevêtrer les filaments en limitant l'uniformité des produits fabriqués. En outre, de tels dispositifs de l'art antérieur mettent en jeu des éjecteurs comportant des cols d'ouverture
réduite,dont l'inconvénient est de se boucher fréquemment.
Ces systèmes requièrent également deux sources d'air et deux ensembles d'équipement associés; une source d'air refroidie à basse pression est utilisée pour réaliser la trempe des
filaments fondus, amenant ces derniers à l'état solide, tan-
dis que l'autre source est une source d'air à haute pression
nécessaire pour produire l'air à grande vitesse en vue d'éti-
rer les filaments, l'air à grande vitesse produisant des
niveaux de bruit élevés lorsqu'il étire les filaments.
Contrairement à cela,le dispositif et le procédé selon la présente invention utilisent une chambre de trempe initiale et une buse étroite continue s'étendant sur
toute la largeur de la machine et qui produit, dans la sec-
tion de la buse, une nappe plane de filaments possédant une
répartitionsensiblement constante des filaments sur la lar-
geur de la machine, et permet une bonne commande de l'unifor-
mité transversalement par rapport à la machine. Aucun air n'est éjecté à l'intérieur de ce dispositif car l'air de trempe subit une accélération uniforme en pénétrant dans la buse lorsque la force d'étirage est développée de sorte que la turbulence et ses effets soient minima. Le même air est utilisé dans deux buts: tout d'abord réaliser la trempe des filaments, puis les étirer étant donné que l'air sort à grande vitesse par la buse d'étirage. Cette double utilisation de l'air réduit le coût de fonctionnement et l'investissement de
capitaux dans l'équipement et dans les canalisations de mani-
pulation de l'air. En choisissant une longueur appropriée pour la buse, on peut obtenir la tension requise d'étirage avec une vitesse de l'air dans la buse de seulement environ 1,5 à 4 fois la vitesse des filaments. Dans de tels cas, par exemple,
on peut utiliser une vitesse de l'air de 83,82 m/s pour obte-
nir une vitesse des filaments de 47,85 m/s, ce qui requiert une pression relative totale de seulement 0,0457 kg/cm2 pour une ouverture de buse de 0,95 cm (exemple n0 6 dans le tableau -5-
indiqué plus loin dans le cours de la présente description).
Dans ce cas, par exemple, la condition requise pour l'air se-
rait seulement d'environ 0,4794 m3 standard /mn par centi-
mètre de largeur de machine pour l'étirage des filaments. Le refroidissement des filaments est commandé au moyen du ré- glage de la température de l'air de trempe et par commande du débit d'air au-delà des filaments en direction d'un orifice de sortie proche de la partie supérieure de la chambre de
trempe. La quantité d'air de trempe sortant du conduit est im-
portante pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé, de sorte que l'on contrôle et l'on commande de préférence étroitement ce débit.s: S'il existe un débit de sortie trop élevé, la vitesse de l'air à travers le faisceau de filaments provoquera un tremblement
des filaments et un collage réciproque de ces derniers, provo-
quant leur rupture. Les filaments seront également refroidis
trop rapidement et l'on obtiendra des filaments cassants pos-
sédant un poids élevé en deniers. Dans le cas o l'écoulement de sortie est trop faible, les filaments ne subiront pas une trempe totale lorsqu'ils pénétreront dans la buse d'étirage, ce qui augmente le risque de collage sur les surfaces de la buse. i
La présente invention a pour objet un pro-
cédé de formation d'une nappe continue non tissée, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à:
a) former une ou plusieurs rangées de fila-
ments situés à un faible écartement et constitués par filage dudit matériau fluide;
b) à diriger les filaments obtenus par fi-
lage à travers une chambre de trempe; c) à amener en contact avec ces filaments
un fluide de trempe à basse pression et à une température infé-
rieure à celle des filaments à l'intérieur de la chambre de trempe de manière à obtenir des filaments essentiellement non collants, tout en maintenant une répartition essentiellement constante des filaments sur la largeur de la machine;
248 1719
-6- d) à étirer les filaments dans une buse au moyen d'une accélération essentiellement uniforme du fluide de trempe, amenant ce dernier à une vitesse élevée uniforme dans la buse; et e) à collecter lesdits filaments sous la
forme d'une nappe continue de filaments enchevêtrés.
La présente invention a également pour objet un appareil pour former une nappe continue non tissée à partir d'un matériau fluide, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte
a) une filière possédant un réseau de capil-
laires formant une ou plusieurs rangées de filaments situés à un faible écartement et constitués à partir dudit matériau fluide;
b) une chambre de trempe possédant une ouver-
ture ininterrompue sur toute la largeur de la machine avec des
dimensions et une forme permettant d'éviter un contact substan-
tiel entre les filaments et la surface de cette chambre, et pos-
sédant un volume permettant une solidification desdits filaments à l'intérieur de cette chambre; c) une source de fluide de trempe sous faible pression et à une température inférieure à celle des filaments; d) une ouverture dans la chambre de trempe, permettant l'intrzduction du fluide de trempe d'un côté des
filaments et dirigeant ce fluide à travers ces derniers, de ma-
iière à en provoquer le refroidissement;
e) une buse possédant une ouverture ininter-
rompue s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la machine et reliée
de manière à coopérer avec la chambre de trempe en vue de rece-
voir les filaments refroidis et le fluide de trempe, et possé-
dant des dimensions aptes à fournir une vitesse du fluide de refroidissement, située dans la gamme comprise entre environ m/s et 244 m/s, en vue d'étirer lesdits filaments; f) des dispositifs permettart de collecter les filaments sous la forme d'une nappe continue de filaments
enchevêtrés.
- 7- Pour obtenir les avantages de la présente invention, il est essentiel que l'appareil soit construit et
que le procédé soit mis en oeuvre dans certaines gammes de para-
mètres. Par exemple, l'air de trempe devrait être maintenu à une température située dans une gamme allant d'environ 4,440C à
540C. Le débit d'air devrait être maintenu dans une gamme al-.
lant de 0,2229 à environ 8,9187 m3 standards/mn par centimètre
de largeur de la machine, l'ouverture de la buse ayant une va-
leur comprise entre environ 0,3175 cm et 2,54 cm. Comme cela a été indiqué ci-dessus, le débit d'évacuation est important du point de vue de l'obtention des propriétés caractéristiques désirées des filaments et en général sera compris dans une gamme
allant de près de 0 à environ 1,5607 m3 standard /mn par centi-
mètre de largeur de la machine.
La longueur db la chambre de trempe et la
longueur de la buse d'étirage dépendront naturellement du maté-
riau qui est filé et des propriétés particulières désirées du produit non tissé. Par conséquent, ces paramètres peuvent varier dans une large mesure, mais en général seront compris dans une gamme allant d'environ 127 cm à 203,2 cm, de préférence égaux au moins à 60,96 cm, pour la longueur de la zone de trempe et dans une gamme d'environ 25,4 cm à 101,6 cm pour la longueur de la
brise d'étirage. De façon similaire, les capillaires de 'a fi-
lière peuvent être prévus selon de nombreuses configurations,
mais seront en général utilisés en un nombre compris entre en-
viron 46 et environ 620 pardécimètre carré, répartis suivant un réseau uniforme de capillaires. Comme cela ressortira de ce qui précède, le procédé et l'appareil selon la présente invention
sont d'une application extrêmement souple et peuvent être modi-
fiés de manière à être adaptés-à une grande variété de matériaux et de conditions de fonctionnement. Il s'agit là d'un avantage
et d'une caractéristique particuliers de la présente invention.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de
l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre à titre
3.; d'exemples non limitatifs et en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels: - 8 -
- la Fig. 1 est un organigramme général illus-
trant le procédé selon la présente invention; - la Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective, en coupe transversale schématique, de l'appareil selon la présente invention; - les Fig. 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe transversale montrant de façon détaillée le formage et le dépôt
en couche des filaments.
Bien que l'on décrive, ci-après, l'invention
en liaison avec.des formes de réalisation préférées, on compren-
dra qu'elle ne s'y trouve en aucune façon limitée. Au contraire, toute variante, modification ou équivalent, sera considérée
comme faisant partie du cadre de la présente invention.
En considérant tout d'abord la Fig. 1, on va
décrire de façon détaillée le procédé selon la présente inven-
tion. Comme cela est représenté, la première phase opératoire consiste a obtenir un polymère thermoplastique à l'état fluide en vue du filage. La souplesse d'utilisation de l'appareil et du procédé selon la présente invention permet le traitement d'une grande variété de polymères. Par exemple, on peut utiliser l'un quelconque des polymères suivants: polyamide,
polyester, polyoléfirnes, acétate de polyvinyle, alcool polyvi-
nylique, acétate de cellulose, viscose et analogues. Naturelle-
ment, il est prévu d'utiliser également d'autres matériaux fi-
lables, que l'on ne peut pas habituellement considérer comme des polymères, tels que, par exemple, du verre fondu. Il est important que le matériau puisse être-rendu suffisamment fluide
pour le filage et possède, par ailleurs, les propriétés néces-
saires pour subir l'opération d'étirage dans la zone d'étirage des filaments. D'autres exemples apparaîtront à l'évidence aux
spécialistes de la technique des polymères.
Le polymère est envoyé depuis la source d'a-
limentation 10 à la trémie 12, puis traverse l'extrudeuse 14, le filtre 16 et la pomre de dosage 17 pour aboutir à la boîte de filage 18. Les filaments 20 sont filés au moyen d'une -9-
filière 22 comportant des orifices disposés selon une ou plu-
sieurs rangées en formant un rideau de filaments 20 pénétrant la chambre de trempe 24. Dans cette dernière, les filaments 20
sont mis au contact de l'air ou d'un autre fluide de refroidis-
sement arrivant par l'admission d'air 26 et maintenu à une tem- pérature plus froide que lesdits filaments, de préférence au voisinage de la température ambiante, par exemple dans une
plage allant d'environ 4,44 à 540C. Le fluide de trempe est en-
-voyé sous une basse pression inférieure à 0,8436 kg/cm2, et de préférence inférieure à 0,1406 kg/cm2, et une partie de ce
fluide est envoyée de préférence à travers le rideau de fila-
ments 20 et est éliminée en tant qu'air d'évacuation par l'ori-
fice 28. Comme cela a été décrit précédemment, la proportion de l'air envoyé, qui est évacué en tant qu'air d'échappement,
dépendra du polymère utilisé et de la rapidité de la trempe né-
cessaire pour fournir aux filaments les caractéristiques dési-
rées, comme par exemple le poids en deniers, la ténacité et ana-
logues. En général, plus la quantité d'air évacué est importante, plus le poids résultant en deniers des filaments est plus élevé et inversement, plus la proportion d'air évacuée est faible,
plus le poids en deniers est faible.
Une fois que la trempe est achevée, le ri-
deau de filaments est dirigé à travers une extrémité inférieure , allant en se rétrécissant doucement, dans la buse 32 o l'air atteint une vitesse comprise entre environ 45,72 m/s et 243,84 m/s. La buse d'étirage s'étend sur toute la largeur de la machine et est formée de préférence par une paroi fixe 34 et
par une paroi mobile 36 s'étendant sur la largeur de la machine.
Comme cela sera décrit plus particulièrement en rapport avec la
Fig. 3, la paroi mobile peut être rétractée-au-dessous des fil-
tres de l'air de trempe ou déplacée vers la paroi fixe. Pendant le démarrage, la paroi est entièrement rétractée de sorte que les filaments tombent par gravité à travers la buse largement
ouverte. La faible vitesse de l'air de trempe arrivant est main-
tenue à travers la buse largement ouverte de sorte qu'il se produit er. réalité un faible étirage aérodynamique. Lorsque - 10i -: l'écoulement du polymère est entièrement établi, on avance la
paroi moble en vue de réduire l'ouverture de la buse, d'accroi-
tre la vitesse de l'air et d'étirer les filaments. S'il se pro-
duit une perturbation importante du déroulement du procédé et si la buse d'étirage devient partiellement bouchée par le poly-
mère pendant le fonctionnement, la paroi mobile est momentané-
ment retirée en arrière jusqu'à ce que le bouchon tombe à tra-
vers la buse élargie. Puis on avance la paroi pour l'amener
dans sa position normale de fonctionnement.
La position de la paroi mobile détermine l'ouverture de la buse d'étirage et par conséquent la vitesse de l'air traversant la buse pour un débit donné d'air de trempe
et pour un réglage donné de l'air d'évacuation. La force d'éti-
rage du filament augmente lorsque la vitesse de l'air augmente, de sorte que l'on peut aisément modifier le poids en deniers des filaments en augmentant ou en diminuant simplement la taille de l'ouverture de la buse. En général, on peut accroître le poids en deniers des filaments: 1) en élargissant l'ouverture de la buse, 2) en réduisant le débit d'air à travers la buse, 3) en augmentant le débit d'air d'évacuation, 4) en réduisant la température de l'air de trempe, ) en réduisant la température du polymère, 6) en augmentant le poids moléculaire du polymère, par exemple en diminuant le débit de la masse fondue, ou
7) en augmentant le débit du polymère par capillaire.
Les phases opératoires 1) et 2) réduisent la
force d'étirage de l'air; les phases opératoires 3) et 4) aug-
mentent la vitesse de trempe du polymère; les phases opératoires 5) et 6) augmentent la viscosité longitudinale du polymère et la phase opératoire 7) augmente la masse du polymère devant être accélérée.
Pour le polypropylène, la température de fu-
sion sera généralement située dans la gamme s'étendant entre environ 2080C et environ 320'C, avec un indice de fusion (190'C, 2160 g) du polymère au niveau de la filière, compris dans la
-.1 7
gamme allant d'environ 17 à environ 110. Avec de tels matériaux,
le débit du polymère peut être situé dans la gamme allant d'en-
viron 17,58 à 281,22 grammes par heure par centimètre carré de surface de capillaire de la filière. Dans ces conditions, on a obtenu des fonctionnements satisfaisants en utilisant une fente
de buse comprise dans la gamme allant d'environ 0,1587 cm à en-
viron 2,54 cm.
Par conséquent, on peut modifier relativement aisément et rapidement les poids en deniers des filaments, selon différentes manières qui ne perturbent pas la répartition des filaments hors de la buse. Dans tous les cas, la buse s'étend
sur toute la largeur de la machine. Par conséquent, une réparti-
tion des filaments, correspondant de façon quasiment identique à la répartition des orifices dans la plaque de filage sur toute
la largeur de la machine est maintenue sur tout le trajet abou-
tissant à la sortie de la buse.
Après leur sortie hors de la buse, les fila-
ments peuvent être collectés sur une surface perforée mobile 38 telle que, par exemple, un tamis sans fin ou une courroie sans fin, de manière à former une nappe non tissée. En choisissant
l'ouverture de la buse et la distance de formage, on peut com-
mander la caractéristique dimensionnelle d'enroulement en boucle des filaments individuels, de manière à obtenir un recouvrement
- de ces derniers. Ceci fournit une certaine quantité d'entrela-
cementset une intégrité suffisante de la nappe continue résul-
tante, ce qui facilite retraitement ultérieur comme, par exem-
ple, un traitement de compacité du produit non tissé au niveau de l'interstice 40 entre des rouleaux, un collage au niveau de l'interstice 42 entre des rouleaux et un enroulement, en 44, du
tissu lié par cohésion.
En se référant aux Fig. 2 et 3, on va décrire de façon plus détaillée la chambre de trempe 24 et la partie 34 de la buse. La filière 10 peut être d'un type classique et être
agencée de manière à réaliser l'extrusion de filaments 20 si-
tués à un écartement compris entre environ 0,381 et 1,422 cm et compris de préférence entre 0,635 et 0,762 cm, suivant une ou
248 1719
- 12 -
plusieurs rangées d'orifices 46 uniformément espacés les uns des autres, sur toute la largeur de la machine, en direction de la chambre de trempe. Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, l'axe de la chambre de trempe est décalé de l'axe de la filière, de manière à permettre une adaptation au "bombage ou cintrage"
des filaments lorsque le fluide de trempe passe entre ces der-
niers. La taille de la chambre de trempe est normalement juste assez importante pour éviter un contact entre les filaments et
les cotés de la chambre et pour obtenir un refroidissement suf-
fisant des filaments. Immédiatement après l'extrusion à travers les orifices, il se produit une accélération du toron par suite de la tension produite dans chaque filament par le dispositif d'étirage aérodynamique. Les filaments commencent simultanément à se refroidir sous l'action du fluide de trempe les contactant, qui est envoyé à travers un ou plusieurs filtres 25, suivant une direction faisant de préférence un certain angle, tel que la composante principale de vitesse est dirigée vers l'entrée
de la buse. Le fluide de trempe peut être constitué par n'im-
porte quel type de gaz, comme cela ressortira à l'évidence pour les spécialistes de la technique, mais on préfère utiliser l'air à titre d'économie. Le fluide de trempe est introduit à une température comprise dans la gamme allant d'environ 4,440C
à 540C, en -rue de réaliser un refroidissement commandé des fila-
ments. Comme cela a été représenté et décrit précédemment, le rideau de filaments peut être légèrement décalé par rapport à une trajectoire verticale sous l'effet de la force transversale de l'écoulement du fluide de trempe. La zone de trempe peut être agencée, de manière à assurer un tel déplacement, grâce au
positionnement de la plaque à filer avec un décalage de quel-
ques centimètres par rapport à l'axe de la-buse d'étirage, du
côté de la source d'alimentation en air de trempe.
Il est souhaitable de réaliser un décalage permettant aux filaments de pénétrer dans la buse avec un faible contact, ou même sans contact, avec la surface d'entrée incurvée. Le pourcentage d'air d'évacuation sortant en 28, par
les orifices 29, est très important étant donné qu'il ait-
- 13 -
sur la rapidité avec laquelle s'effectue la trempe des filaments.
Un débit plus élevé du fluide d'évacuation a pour effet qu'une plus grande quantité d'air est entraînée à travers les filaments, ce qui refroidit ces derniers plus rapidement et accroît le poids en deniers des filaments. Il faut remarquer que, si les filaments sont encore ramollis lorsqu'ils pénètrent dans la buse d'étirage, le système ne fonctionnera pas de façon fiable
par suite de l'apparition d'un phénomène de collage sur la buse.
La longueur de la chambre de trempe devrait être suffisamment importante pour permettre le refroidissement des filaments à une température, à laquelle les filaments ne sont pas collants en avant de l'entrée de la buse. Une longueur de 61 cm ou plus est préférable, étant donné qu'elle permet une durée appropriée de trempe d'un nombre important de filaments pour des cadences
élevées de production, sans nécessiter un air à basse tempéra-
ture ou un débit important d'évacuation. Il est également pré-
férable que la pénétration dans la buse, formée par.la paroi 36, soit douce au niveau de l'arête 56 et s'effectue sous un angle A égal à au moins environ 135 , afin de réduire une rupture des
filaments. On prévoit de préférence certains dispositifs per-
mettant de régler les positions relatives des parois 34 ou 36,
comme, par exemple, un piston 35 fixé en 37 sur la paroi 36.
Dans une forme,'de réalisation particnlièrement préférée, on prévoit certains dispositifs tels que des ailettes 54 afin
S1'empêcher la formation d'une zone de turbulence à tourbillons.
La configuration, l'écartement et le nombre de telles ailettes dépendent de facteurs tels que la largeur de la chambre et le
cintrage ou bombage des filaments, mais en général, elles se- ront minces et possèderont, par exemple, une épaisseur infé-
rieure à 0,32 cm et ne seront pas espacées de plus de 1,9 cm en remplissant l'ensemble de l'angle délimité par les filaments cintrés.
En se reportant à la Fig. 4, on va mainte-
nant décrire, de façon plus détaillée, la buse d'étirage. Les filaments sont dirigés depuis la chambre de trempe vers la buse étroite o la force d'étirage s'exerce. La pression du fluide
248 1719
- 14 -
dans la zone de trempe est supérieure à la pression du fluide au niveau de la sortie de la buse afin de fournir la vitesse
désirée du fluide et d'obtenir l'étirage consécutif des fila-
* ments. La vitesse du fluide à travers la buse est choisie en liaison avec la longueur de cette dernière, de manière à ob-
tenir le degré désiré d'étirage et les propriétés consécuti-
ves des filaments. La buse s'étend sur toute la largeur de la - machine et est suffisamment étroite pour fournir la vitesse
nécessaire au fluide pour un débit donné d'entrée de l'air.
L'ouverture particulière de la buse, entre les surfaces 32 et 34 choisies, variera en fonction des propriétés désirées des filaments et d'autres caractéristiques importantes du procédé, mais aura une largeur comprise habituellement dans la gamme allant d'environ 0,317 cm à 2,54 cm et comprise, de préférence,
entre 0,635 et 1,9 cm. Lors de la conception du système d'éti-
rage sans éjection, conforme à l'invention, on peut choisir la longueur de la buse d'étirage et l'ouverture préférée de
la buse, de manière à obtenir un dispositif complétant le ven-
tilateur ou le compresseur utilisé pour délivrer l'air. Une ouverture étroite et une ouverture large de la buse requièrent
toutes les deux l'utilisation d'un débit volumique relative-
ment élevé d'air, dans le premier cas, parce qu'une vitesse élevée d'étirage est nécessaire, et dans le second cas, parce que la section en coupe transversale est importante, mais que la pression requise de l'air est relativement faible. D'autre
part, l'utilisation d'une buse de grande longueur a pour ef-
fet qu'une longueur plus importante de filament est soumise à une contrainte cinétique de cisaillement de la part de l'air d'étirage et, par conséquent, fournit la force requise avec une vitesse plus faible de l'air et donc nécessite un débit volumique moins important de l'air, mais une pression plus élevée, par suite des pertes élevées par frottement dans la buse. De façon analogue, une ouverture plus étroite de la buse réduit le débit volumique nécessaire de
l'air, mais augmente également la pression nécessaire d'ali-
- 15 -
mentation par suite des pertes accrues par frottement. D'une manière générale, la pression de l'air requise est inférieure à environ 0,8436 kg/cm2, ce qui est un faible pourcentage de
la pression requise pour des systèmes d'éjection. L'interdé-
pendance de ces facteurs est bien connue dans le domaine de la science des écoulements fluidiques et par les spécialistes
de la technologie.
Au niveau de la sortie de la buse, l'écoule-
ment devient un jet libre soumis à une diffusion turbulente
de la quantité de mouvement. La vitesse moyenne diminue et.
en deçà d'une distance égale à environ 20 fois la plus petite
dimension de l'ouverture de la buse, la force d'étirage de-
vient nulle et la traction dans les filaments est supprimée,
ce qui leur permet d'être déplacés pàr des tourbillons locaux.
Ceci entraîne la formation de boucles irrégulières dans la nappe continue formée et fournit par conséquent un degré de recouvrement physique nécessaire pour la fabrication d'une nappe continue intégrée. Cette formation de boucles présente une taille ou une grandeur caractéristique, qui est déterminée par l'ouverture de la buse et par la distance à l'ouverture
de la surface de formage. Selon une forme de réalisation pré-
férée dé la présente invention, les parois 36 et 34 délimi-
tant l'ouverture-32 de la buse possèdent des longueurs diffé-
rentes, c'est-à-dire que l'un de ces côtés possède une lon-
, gueur supérieure d'environ 7,62 centimètres et de préférence supérieure d'une longueur comprise entre 1,9 cm et 3,175 cm
à l'autre paroi. Cette disposition accroît le déplacement on-
dulatoire régulier et prévisible des filaments suivant la
direction transversale de la machine, ce qui augmente l'enche-
vêtrement de la nappe continue et masque des ruptures passa-
gères des filaments, intervenant dans la buse d'étirage. Ce-
pendant, dans tous les cas, le bouclage est entièrement exempt de composantes de grande taille, qui sont prédominantes
dans les systèmes requérant un étalement latéral des fila-
ments entre le dispositif destiné à produire la force d'éti-
rage et le fil de fo:rmage, en particulier dans le cas du
248 1719
- 16 -
fonctionnement à des cadences élevées de production de, par
exemple, 892,9 grammes par centimètre de largeur de la ma-
chine, par heure ou plus. Les filaments arrivant d'une buse possédant une ouverture étroite, égale par exemple à 0,317 cm; comporteront une boucle dont la taille sera située essentiel- lement dans la gamme allant d'environ 0,317 cm à 0,635 cm et les boucles ou migrations les plus importantes des filaments auront une taille seulement d'environ 2,54 cm, lorsque la nappe continue est collectée à une distance de 38,1 cm de la buse. D'autre part, une buse possédant une ouverture d'une taille de 1,27 cm fournit des boucles plus importantes, d'une
taille comprise essentiellement entre 0,635 et 1,27 cm. Lors-
que le formage est réalisé à proximité de la sortie de la
buse, comme par exemple à une distance de 15,24 cm, les migra-
tions les plus importantes des filaments auront seulement une taille d'environ 1,27 cm.. Il existe deux cas pour lesquels la formation d'une petite boucle des filaments selon ce système
est importante. Tout d'abord, la structure de la nappe conti-
nue résultante diffère en propre d'une nappe dans laquelle des boucles de grande taille-prédominent. La différence est particulièrement apparente lorsqu'il existe des accumulations
importantes de filaments associées à des boucles de taille im-
portante, "e sorte que la-variation de la répartition spatiale du pôids de base est non seulement importante du point de-vue
de la taille, mais également du point de vue de l'intensité.
Avec seulement de petites boucles et migrations de filaments, il existe un nombre moins important d'accumulations formant des concentrations élevées dans la nappe continue de sorte
que l'intensité de la variation ainsi que l'ampleur des varia-
tions du poids de base sont faibles. Le second avantage de
boucles petites réside dans le fait que la phase à jets li-
bres de l'opération de formage n'a, en réalité, aucun effet
sur la répartition globale du poids de base suivant la direc-
tion transversale de la machine, c'est-à-dire que la commande
s'opère sur la répartition des trous dans la plaque à filer.
- 17 -
Il apparaîtra à l'évidence au spécialiste de la science des écoulements fluidiques que l'air envoyé à la chambre de trempe doit être non seulement plus froid que les filaments, mais posséder une répartition essentiellement uniforme, sans circulation secondaire et avec une turbulence faible. De façon idéale, il est souhaitable qu'il existe, en provenance de la chambre de trempe, un écoulement laminaire
pénétrant dans la buse, afin d'obtenir une répartition uni-
forme et constante des filaments. A cet effet, un ou plusieurs filtres 25 sont prévus, de préférence, au niveau de l'entrée
26 de la chambre de trempe. L'écoulement subit une forte ac-
célération-en traversant la partie inférieure de la chambre de trempe et, par conséquent, n'est pas particulièrement sensible à des instabilités, mais l'écoulement d'approche doit être
essentiellement exempt de tourbillons de grande ampleur. Un dé-
veloppement normal d'une turbulence à l'intérieur de la buse n'aura pas une action importante sur les filaments, en raison
de sa faible taille.
Conformément à ce qui précède, il ressort à
l'évidence que le procédé et l'appareil, selon la présente in-
vention, font l'objet de conditions de fonctionnement varia-
bles dans une large mesure et fournissent, par conséquent,
une grande souplesse d'adaptation. Etant donné que l'ouver-
tuire de la buse s'étend sur toute la largeur de la machine et
est relativement large, l'appareil et le procédé ont une ten-
dance nettementréduite à faire l'objet d'une obstruction et assurent un enfilage automatique, dans le cas o un filament
se rompt. Etant donné que le procédé est relativement insen-
sible à une rupture des filaments, il est possible de réali-
ser le filage de filaments qui sont fortement charges de pig-
ments et analogues, ce qui fournit des nappes continues colo-
rées et modifiées par des adjuvants. En définitive, de par leur conception même, l'appareil et le procédé ne font pas l'objet d'une turbulence de l'air à grande échelle et ne sont
pas soumis aux conditions aléatoires que l'on rencontre habi-
tuellement avec l'étalement des filaments, avec pour résultat
- 18 -
que l'on peut obtenir des nappes continues plus uniformes et possédant un aspect attrayant et des propriétés physiques
stables.
Les exemples spécifiques indiqués ci-après illustrent le fonctionnement et les résultats obtenus confor- mément à la présente invention. Ils sont obtenus en mettant en oeuvre des appareils tels que celui représenté, d'une manière générale, sur les Fig. 1-4 des dessins annexés à la présente demande, avec des paramètres tels que ceux indiqués dans le tableau, une zone de trempe possédant une longueur de 142,24 cm, une buse d'une longueur de 101,6 cm, et un
débit des capillaires tel qu'indiqué.
- 19-
T A B L E A U
TABLEAU
::.:ECOULE-: ECOULE-: TEMPERA-: EPAIS-: AIR DE: AIR
:: MENT EON- MENT FON-: TURE DE: SEUR DU: TREMPE: D'EVACUA-:
:: DU DE PO-: DU de PCO-: FUSION: JEr: TION: : EXEMPLE: LYPROPY-: LYPROPY::: m3 stan- : r3 stan-: :: LNE AR-: LENE:: : dard :dard: :: P RIVW: TRAITE: C: cm:/m/cm: / /:
: 1: 14: 17: 234 0,95: 0,502 0,019
: 2: 14: 16,3: 245: 0,95 0,401: 0
: 3: 14: 113: 293: 0,158: 0,139: 0,018
4 (1): 14: 18,1: 253: 0,95: 0,490: 0,049
:5 (2) 14: 22,3 242 0,95: 0,513 0,041
:6: 14: 18,3 305: 0,95 0,513: 0,039
7 ' 14 17,5 216 0,635: 0,468: 0,071
8: 14: 17,2 276: 1,27 0,579 0
9: 14: 82 ' 291 ' 0,158: 0,212 ' 0,018
: 10: 14: 82: 291: 0,158: 0,178 0,018
11: 14 17 260: 0,95: 0,546: 0
:.-: :: . -
: 12: 14: 19: 274: 0,635: 0,390: 0,081
13: 14 18: 314 0*95: 0,513 ' 0,041
: 14: 14: 24,7: 256: 0,476: 0,412: 0,018
:15: 14: 43,5 218 0,317 0,334 0
: 16: '14: 20: 268: 1,27: 0,435: 0
17: 14 17,9 276: 0,95: 0,468 0,053
À.: -: À:
: 18: 14: 19,6: 212: 1,27: 0,535: 0,030
19 42 70,4 230 0,317: 0,390 0
: 20: 14: 17,8: 237: 0,635 0,424: 0,084
: 21: 14: 02,5 291 0,317: 0,256: 0,018
: 22: 42: 54,4: 230: 0,95: 0,524: 0,038
23: 14: 21,4: 272: 0,635: 0,424: 0,071
: 24: 14: 18,1: 310: 0,95 0,524: 0,036
: 25 14: 19,1: 234: 0,95 0,502: 0,043
: 26: 42: 62: 230: 0,95 0,390: 0
27(3): -:2 - 73 0,95: 0,568 0,029
(1) pour cet exemple, on a ajouté le colorant TiO2 en un pourcentage de
* 7,28 % en poids.
:(2) pour cet exemple, on a ajouté du triton X-102 en un pourcentage de
0,08 % en poids.
(3) pour cetexe mple, le o1 re uti!ise était du nylon 6 :.............. o__lD_E_......---.6
- 20 -
TABLEAU (suite)
::TEMPERA-: DEBIT: PRESSION: POIDS: TENACITE-: ALIONGE-:
: T:JURE DE:: DE CANA-::: MT:
::L'AIR DE: LISATION::::
: EXEMPLE: TREMPE: grammes/:: en::: :: C: trou/m: Hg: deniers::
:1: 34,4: 0,77: 45,7 3,22 2,67 221
: 2: 38,84: 0,69: 27,9: 2,22: 3,19: 222:
3: 15,6: 0,53 330,2: 2,42 2,83 133
4 (1): 40,92: 0,82: 45,7: 2,80: 2,32: 359:
(2) 21,1 0,75 35,6: 2,57 2,99 228
: 6: 35: 0,75: 33,0:2,17: 3,73: 227:
7 20,6 0,77 73,7: 3,16 3,51 244
: 8: 35: 0,56: 20,3:2,38: 3,36: 211:
9: 15,6: 0,90 551,2 2,75 4,57 168
:10: 15,6: 0,71: 358,1:2,54: 4,29: 177:
:11. 21,7 0,77 38,1: 2,89 2,76: 227-
12: 37,2: 0,48: 142,2: 2,94: 2,92: 252:
13 46 0,70 35,6: 2,70 2,74 250
: 14: 8,33: 0,93: 251,5 ' 2,40: 2,63: 83:
16,7 0,52: 609,6 1,41 2,22 117
:16: 30: 0,56: 12,7: 2,65: 2,08: 230:
17 37,8 0,60 53,3 2,39 2,84 180
:18: 15,6: 2,68: 22,9: 19,99: 1,86: 295:
19: 33,9 0,28 398,8: 0,83 2,38. 215
: 20: 21,1: 0,66: 104,1: 3,10: 1,45: 288:
21: 15,6 0,71:220,9: 2,39 3,78. 104
:22: 15,6: 2,94: 30,5: 10,8: 1,69: 324:
23. 26,7: 0,75: 106,7: 3,65: 1,91 178
24: 21,1.: 0,70: 30,5: 2,10: 3,14: 206
: 37,2: 0,66 40,6: 3,08 2,59: 222
26: 29,4: 0,57: 393,7: 1,77: 2,99: 272:
::::::4,8 : 14
27(3): 18,3: 0,95: 20,3 4,80 3,75 147
:(1) pour cet exemple, on a ajouté le colorant TiO2 en un pourcentage de
7,28 % en poids.
:(2) pour cet exemple, on a ajouté du triton X-102 en un pourcentage de : 0,08 en poids;
(3) pour cet eoxeple, le polymère utilisé était du nylon 6.
: -: - - - -
- 21 -
Des mesures du niveau sonore ont été prises dans des conditions dans lesquelles l'appareil fonctionnait avec une buse possédant une épaisseur de 0,635 cm, totalement
ouverte, avec un bruit de fond de 81 à 80 dB. Pour des hau-
teurs de 1,524 m entre le niveau du sol et celui de l'oreille
de l'opérateur, seul un enregistrement, effectué à une dis-
tance de 12,48 cm au-dessous de l'ouverture de la buse, a dépassé 100 dB en fournissant la valeur 100,5. Le reste des
mesures effectuées se situait à un niveau inférieur à 90 dB.
En résumé, les exemples spécifiques indi-
qués précédemment illustrent l'objet de la présente invention et son fonctionnement. Des formes de réalisation préférées incluent la formation de nappes continues formées de filaments fins de polypropylène et possédant un faible poids de base inférieur à 5 deniers, avec des cadences de production de plus de 892,9 grammes par centimètre par heure, en réalisant un
collage par points de ces nappes continues, de manière à pro-
duire un produit non tissé utile dans de nombreuses applica-
tions incluant: 1) des garnitures pour des produits hygiéniques, 2) des revêtements d'une utilisation limitée, 3) des draps chirurgicaux, et même
4) des produits durables.
Ainsi, il apparaît que la présente invention
fournit un procédé et un appareil perfectionnés pour la forma-
tion de nappes continues non tissées qui satisfont entièrement aux objectifs, buts et avantages indiqués précédemment. Bien que la présente invention ait été décrite en liaison avec des
formes de réalisation spécifiques, il est évident que de nom-
breuses variantes et modifications apparaîtront évidentes à
l'homme de l'art, à la lumière de la description donnée précé-
demment, et sont, par conséquent, considérées; comme faisant
partie du cadre de la présente invention.
Z 48I 7 1 9
- 22 -
Claims (13)
- 2 ) - Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à évacuer une partie du fluidede trempe en un point (28, 29) situé sur le côté desdits fila-ments (20) opposé au point o intervient le contact entre lefluide de trempe et les filaments (20).
- 3 ) - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des re-vendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il inclut égalementune phase de bouclage des filaments (20) sous la forme de bou-cles de petite taille en les collectant (38) à une distance de la sortie de la buse (32, 34, 36) égale à au moins 20 foisla dimension la plus petite de l'ouverture (32) de la buse.
- 4 ) - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des re-vendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le fluide de trempeest de l'air à une température située dans la gamme allant.t481719- 23 -d'environ 4'C à 54'C et sous un débit d'environ 0,22 et 0,90m3 standards/mn par centimètre de largeur de la machine.) - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des re- vendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le matériau fluide est un polymère thermoplastique.
- 6 ) - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des re-vendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une phase de réglage de la taille de l'ouverture (32) de la buse par déplacement d'une surface latérale (36) de la buse par rapportà l'autre (34).
- 7 ) - Procédé selon la revendication 2, ca-ractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une commande du poids en de-niers des filaments (20) par réglage de la quantité du fluidede trempe évacué.
- 8 ) - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des re-vendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une com-mande du degré d'enchevêtrement des filaments (20) dans-lanappe continue obtenue en rendant une surface (34) de l'ouver-ture (32) de sortie de la buse, plus longue que la surface op-posée (36) de cette ouverture de sortie.
- 9 ) - Appareil pour former une nappe conti-nue non tissée à partir d'un matériau fluide, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte:a) une filière (10, 22) possédant un réseau de capil-laires (46) formant une ou plusieurs rangées de filaments (20) situés à un faible écartement et constitués à partir dudit matériau fluide; b) une chambre de trempe (24) possédant une ouvertureininterrompue sur toute la largeur de la machine avec des di-mensions et une forme permettant d'éviter un contact substan-tiel entre les filaments (20) et la surface de cette chambre (24), et possédant un volume permettant une solidification desdits filaments (20) à l'intérieur de cette chambre (24) c) une source de fluide de trempe sous faible pression et à une température inférieure à celle des filaments (20); a48 1719- 24 -d) une ouverture (26) dans la chambre de trempe, permet-tant l'introduction du fluide de trempe d'un côté des fila-ments (20) et dirigeant ce fluide à travers ces derniers, de manière à en provoquer le refroidissement; e) une buse (32, 34, 36) possédant une ouverture (32) ininterrompue s'étendant sur toute la largeur de la machine et reliée de manière à coopérer avec la chambre de trempe (24) en vue de recevoir les filaments (20) refroidis et le fluide de: trempe, et possédant des dimensions aptes à fournir une vitesse du fluide de refroidissement située dans la gammecomprise entre environ 45 m/s et 244 m/s en vue d'étirer les-dits filaments (20);f) des dispositifs (38) permettant de collecter les fila-ments sous la forme d'une nappe continue de filaments enche-vêtrés. -) - Appareil selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la chambre de trempe (24) comporte un orifice d'évacuation-(.28) du côté des filaments (20) situés àl'opposé de l'ouverture d'introduction (26) du fluide de re--froidissement.
- 11 ) - Appareil selon l'une quelconque desrevendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée de labuse (32, 34, 36) est formée par une paroi (36) comportant uncoin adouci faisant un angle d'au moins 135 .
- 12 ) - Appareil selon l'une quelconque desrevendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la buse (32, 34,
- 36) comporte une paroi (36) mobile par rapport à l'autre pa-roi (34) ce qui permet de modifier les dimensions de l'ouver-ture (32) de la buse.
- 13 ) - Appareil selon l'une quelconque desrevendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la chambre detrempe '241 comporte des moyens (54) permettant de réduire la turbulence du fluide de refroidissement dans les coins delatite chambre.Md 1 9- 25 -) - Appareil selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (54) permettant de réduirela turbulence comprennent des ailettes.) - Appareil selon l'une quelconque desrevendications 9 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte desmoyens (25) permettant de commander la turbulence dans lefluide de trempe avant son contact avec les filaments.
- 16 ) - Appareil selon l'une quelconque desrevendications 9 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les parois (34,
- 36) de la buse formant l'ouverture de sortie (32) possèdent des longueurs différentes, l'une (34) de ces parois étant plus longue que l'autre (36) d'une valeur allant jusqu'à 8 cm, et en ce que les dispositifs (38) permettant de collecter lesfilaments(20) sont disposés par rapport à la buse à une dis-tance égale au moins à 20 fois la dimension la plus petite del'ouverture (32) de la buse.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/146,450 US4340563A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1980-05-05 | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2481719A1 true FR2481719A1 (fr) | 1981-11-06 |
FR2481719B1 FR2481719B1 (fr) | 1983-05-06 |
Family
ID=22517415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8108922A Granted FR2481719A1 (fr) | 1980-05-05 | 1981-05-05 | Procede et appareil pour former des nappes continues non tissees a partir d'un materiau fluide |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4340563A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5735053A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR840000196B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU536472B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR8102691A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1160412A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3117737A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2481719A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2077181B (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1170940B (fr) |
MX (1) | MX152986A (fr) |
NL (1) | NL191892C (fr) |
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- 1981-04-30 MX MX187098A patent/MX152986A/es unknown
- 1981-05-02 KR KR1019810001522A patent/KR840000196B1/ko active
- 1981-05-04 IT IT48387/81A patent/IT1170940B/it active
- 1981-05-05 CA CA000376887A patent/CA1160412A/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 GB GB8113706A patent/GB2077181B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 DE DE19813117737 patent/DE3117737A1/de active Granted
- 1981-05-05 AU AU70140/81A patent/AU536472B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 FR FR8108922A patent/FR2481719A1/fr active Granted
- 1981-05-06 NL NL8102208A patent/NL191892C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-05-06 JP JP6805181A patent/JPS5735053A/ja active Granted
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3117737A1 (de) | 1982-02-11 |
BR8102691A (pt) | 1982-01-26 |
AU536472B2 (en) | 1984-05-10 |
CA1160412A (fr) | 1984-01-17 |
IT8148387A0 (it) | 1981-05-04 |
IT1170940B (it) | 1987-06-03 |
FR2481719B1 (fr) | 1983-05-06 |
KR840000196B1 (ko) | 1984-02-28 |
US4340563A (en) | 1982-07-20 |
NL191892B (nl) | 1996-06-03 |
NL8102208A (nl) | 1981-12-01 |
GB2077181A (en) | 1981-12-16 |
JPS646305B2 (fr) | 1989-02-02 |
JPS5735053A (en) | 1982-02-25 |
GB2077181B (en) | 1983-09-28 |
AU7014081A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
NL191892C (nl) | 1996-10-04 |
MX152986A (es) | 1986-07-14 |
KR830006510A (ko) | 1983-09-28 |
DE3117737C2 (fr) | 1992-03-19 |
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