FI60960C - FRUIT PROCESSING FOR FRUIT PROCESSING OF FODERTILLSATSAEMNE - Google Patents

Description

t I.

r * 1 M1v ANNOUNCEMENT / nQ / ft Wa lB] (11> UTLÄGGNINGSSKRIFT © 0960 j C Patent granted 10 05 1932, ^ wjgy Eatent meddelat 1 * (51) Kv.lk./IntCI. A 23 K 1/16) SUO MI — FI N LAN D (21) Patent Application - PatentansOknlnf 770702; . (22) Hakemltptlvl - AnsSknlngtdag 0 ^ .03-77 '^ ^ (23) Alkupltvt - Glltl | hetsda | 0b.03.JJ j (41) Tullut lulklseksl - Bllvlt offentllf 09.09.77 '

Patent and Registration Office .... ...... .. . ,. .

_ *. ^, (44) Date of issue and date of issue. -

Patent and Registration Office AnsOkan utlagd oeh utl.skrlften publicered 29.01.82 (32) (33) (31) Pyr <l «tty privilege —Begird prtoritet 08.0 3.76 USA (US) 665005 Proof-Styrkt (71) Blue Wing Corporation, P .0. Box 1187, Boise, Idaho 83701, USA (72) Robert Martin Rawlings, Boise, Idaho, Donald Proctor, Boise, Idaho, USA (7 * 0 Oy Kolster Ab (5 ^) Method for preparing a lipid-containing feed additive - Förfarande för framställning av ett lipidhaltigt fodertillsatsämne

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a lipid-containing feed additive which has a high lipid content but which is easy to prepare, handle and store. In addition, this feed additive, which contains a large amount of lipid, can be fed to ruminants in larger amounts than the conventional lipid additives available.

Today, the goal in livestock feeding is to increase the amount of lipids used by animals. Meat, meat by-products and milk contain large amounts of fat. As a result, increased lipid intake leads to a relative increase in the production of these products. Usually, most of the lipid substances used as a supplement to livestock and companion animals are in supplemental feed in liquid form.

Hot liquid lipids are sprayed on other nutrients and allowed to mix with the supplementary feed before feeding. This method requires the user to install tank tanks, pumps and piping, and since the lipid substances are solid at ambient temperatures, additional heating devices are needed to liquefy the lipid so that it can be sprayed onto the feed. Feed treated in this way 60960 cannot be stored for very long because it tends to rake and contaminate, and in addition it attracts insects.

Ruminants, such as (cattle) cattle and sheep, pose a particular dilemma when it comes to lipid-added feed. The complex digestive system of a ruminant is a multi-digestive system that includes the first stomach, the so-called rumen with bacteria called microflora. Fermentation induced in the rumen by this microflora is an important part of the digestive process. High-fat diets have been found to prevent this rumen fermentation, resulting in severe imbalances in the digestive process. In this case, feeding high lipid concentrations results in loss of appetite and in some cases the animals become ill.

Lipid-rich feed additives today have many disadvantages, such as the cost and inconvenience that a user incurs if he or she wants to produce his or her own high-lipid feed additive. In addition, currently commonly used and commonly used lipid supplements cannot be conveniently stored, handled or kept free from contamination. In addition, when feed additives have to be fed to ruminants, there is an additional disadvantage that currently available additives can only be used in approximately 2-6% of the total amount of feed due to the above-mentioned ruminant digestive issues.

According to the present invention, there is provided an improved lipid-containing feed additive which is relatively easy to handle and store and which contains lipid as a structure which substantially slows down its oxidation and rancidity. The feed additive produced in accordance with this invention can be fed to ruminants in significantly greater amounts without the adverse effects of previously known lipid supplements in animal feed. In general, the lipid-containing feed additives of this invention are produced by solubilizing a proteinaceous substance in an aqueous solution and mixing the lipid substance into the proteinaceous solution to form an emulsion. The emulsion contains spherical lipid droplets in the dispersed phase surrounded by a proteinaceous solution in the continuous phase. The emulsion is then contacted with an acidic pH adjusting agent sufficiently to cause the proteinaceous solution to gel. Lowering the pH of the emulsion to approximately 6.0 or lower ensures the formation of a gel suitable for drying with conventional types of drying equipment, such as various types of agricultural dryers. The dried product is particulate and can be easily stored in sacks, laurels or heaps. The particulate feed additive produced by this process can cover up to about 15% of the total ruminant diet as a lipid without any of the side effects previously seen in high lipid diets. If necessary, certain types of drugs and vitamins can be added to the feed additive already during manufacture to improve its nutritional properties.

The process according to the invention is characterized in that a) an aqueous solution containing 5 to 40% by weight of protein is formed by mixing the proteinaceous substance with an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of a solubilizing agent such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium chloride or calcium chloride at a temperature above the melting point of the lipid to form an oil-in-water emulsion containing about 6-25% by weight of lipid; c) contacting the emulsion with an effective amount of acid to bring the pH to 3.5-5.0 and to gel the aqueous protein solution; and d) drying the resulting emulsion to a powder.

Commonly available protein and lipid materials can be used in this method without the need for specially designed process equipment.

The proteinaceous solution can be prepared, for example, in a stainless steel vertical tank equipped with a strong stirrer. Water is added to the tank in an amount preferably corresponding to about 60-70% by weight of the final gelled emulsion, and the proteinaceous material is mixed with the water in the tank until it is thoroughly wetted. For example, the proteinaceous material may be added in an amount of approximately 5-40% by weight of the solution. It can be either of animal origin, for example blood, casein, or of vegetable origin, such as oilseed protein, e.g. soybeans or soybean meal. Mixtures of two or more protein source types may also be used. After the proteinaceous material has been thoroughly moistened, sufficient solubilizing agent can be added to the mixing tank to ensure complete dissolution. Suitable solvents include basic substances such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. In addition, calcium oxide, sodium chloride and calcium chloride are effective. However, hydroxides are 4,60960 preferred, of which sodium hydroxide is most preferred. The proteinaceous substance dissolves in aqueous solution in the presence of these solvents without the addition of heat. If the water is warmer, dissolution occurs at a higher rate. The temperature of the protein solution should be at least at the melting point of the lipid when the lipid material is solid at ambient temperature.

When the lipid substance, melted if necessary, is added to this proteinaceous solution and mixed thoroughly, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed. The lipid material is in the dispersed phase comprising spherical droplets generally having a size of about 1/2 to 50, preferably 1/2 to 10. The proteinaceous solution forms a continuous phase of the emulsion. Any type of lipid substance can be used, such as vegetable oils, fish oil or animal fats. If animal fat is used, it is melted by heating to about 40-50 ° C to become liquid and can be easily dispersed in a preheated proteinaceous solution with stirring. In addition, any dietary lipid-containing polyunsaturated fats can be used. The lipid may be 6-25% by weight of the emulsion. The preparation of the emulsion should not be performed at a temperature that renders the protein insoluble in water. A suitable emulsification temperature for most proteins is up to about 55 ° C.

The emulsion described above contains finely divided lipid particles suspended in a proteinaceous solution. We have found that lowering the pH of this emulsion to an acidic value of 6.0 or less can produce a gel. It is believed that the proteinaceous solution gels and thus encapsulates the dispersed phase of the emulsion comprising finely divided lipid moieties. The degree of gelation that can occur can be adjusted according to the amount by which the pH of the emulsion is lowered.

For example, as mentioned above, it has been found that lowering the pH of the emulsion to an acidic pH of approximately 6.0 or less results in a gel. If the pH of the emulsion is not lowered to this value, the result is an insufficiently gelled gel that cannot be efficiently dried with conventional agricultural drying equipment.

It has been found that when the pH of the emulsion is lowered to about 3.5-5.0, a solid gel results which can be dried by said conventional drying equipment.

As used herein, a pH adjusting agent refers to a chemical agent that, when added to the emulsion described above, causes the pH of the emulsion to decrease. Although it is believed that any acid can be used as a pH adjusting agent, there are 5,60960 few acids, such as nitric acid, that should not be used in the manufacture of animal feed. Some examples of acceptable acids are phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid. The preferred pH adjusting agent is 75-85% concentrated phosphoric acid. Alternatively, salts of multivalent metals, for example aluminum in the form of aluminum sulphate, can also be used as pH-adjusting agents. The amount required as a pH adjusting agent to form the desired gel will vary depending on the type of lipid used. In general, the higher the free fatty acid content of the lipid used, the more a pH adjusting agent must be used to achieve the desired pH.

The gel obtained by contacting the emulsion described above with a pH adjusting agent using proteins other than blood contains about 60-70% water (most of the water is initially present). When blood is used, there is some intensification, which gives a free aqueous phase. In both cases, however, the consistency of the gel is such that it does not adhere to a metal substrate or container and is therefore suitable for conventional types of agricultural dryers. Prior to drying, it is desirable to remove free water by centrifugation, compression, or the like. Conventional types of agricultural dryers include rotary tumble dryers, rotary dryers and flash or fluid bed dryers. The gel described above can be dried using any of these drying techniques. The moisture content of the gel is reduced by drying to a maximum of 14% by weight of the gel. If the dried feed additive contains more than 12% by weight of water, it tends to mold. Therefore, the gel is preferably dried until it contains only 10-12% by weight of water. Drying temperatures of about 343-371 ° C with outlet temperatures of about 79-88 ° C are suitable to achieve this result. The particle size of the feed additive during drying depends on the amount of mixing that takes place during the drying of the gel. In a rotary tumble dryer, for example, some abrasion occurs in the rotary drum. In general, the particle sizes of the final particulate product range from a fine powder (325 mesh; US standard) to a roughness of about 10 mesh (US standard).

The ground feed additive may generally contain about 20-60% by weight of lipids. If desired, absorbent materials such as silicate, bentonite, alpha flour, oats, bran and bagasse may be added.

When the feed additive contains such absorbents, its protein content should be about 5-35% by weight. In addition, various drugs, such as common antibiotics and lipid-soluble vitamins, can be added to the lipid prior to emulsion formation.

The lipid-rich feed additive prepared by the process described above can be used as a feed additive in the feeding of various animal breeds, including dogs and cats. In addition, it can be used as a fish dish. For example, conventional dry food for dogs and cats comprises extruded granules and there is a maximum amount of fat that can be processed through the extruder. As more energy is often desired from fats and oils than can be processed through the extruder, it is thus necessary for the manufacturer of such dry feeds to spray more fats and oils into the formed granules. This addition of grease and oil is often limited by the fact that the greases and oils sprayed onto the granules enter the phase and migrate to the tank wall, making the product undesirable for some consumers. Other adverse effects such as rancidity and bad odors are also characteristic due to the contact of the oils with oxygen. In some canned forms of companion animals, the addition of concentrated energy in the form of fats and oils is desirable, but again there is a general limitation on the amount of fats and oils that can be added as fats and oils migrate, phase and rise to the tank, which is harmful and undesirable. to the manufacturer and the customer for the reasons already mentioned above.

The microencapsulated fats and oils of this invention substantially prevent the aforementioned detrimental features and allow for the incorporation of higher amounts of fats and oils into both dry and canned companion food.

In addition, it should be noted that the sebum fed to the fish may result in liver abnormalities, however, fish oil incorporated as a lipid in the supplemental feed of the present invention can be effectively used.

However, the complementary feed of the present invention has a surprising advantage when used as a supplement in ruminant feed. Normally, ruminants cannot be fed a diet that contains more than 2-6% fat. Feeds that contain more fat apparently inhibit rumen function, severely impairing the complex digestive system of ruminants. The novel feed additive of the present invention has been used to increase the fat content of ruminant feed materials to 12% without the adverse effects typically associated with such a 7,60960 high fat diet. It is believed that these surprising results are based on the lipid content of the feed additive, which is encapsulated in the protein additive of the feed additive and therefore does not enter phase or form a lipid layer and thus rises to the rumen but passes through the rumen into the rumen and small intestine. Thus, most of the lipid content of the feed additive is not released in the rumen. In this case, the fermentation process maintained by the microflora in the rumen is also not disturbed. Thus, using the method of the present invention, a feed additive is produced which has improved handling properties and has the unexpected ability to make it possible to increase the fat content of a ruminant diet, for example by about 15%, depending on the rest of the ruminant feed ration.

The invention will be easier to understand by considering the following examples.

Example 1

The lipid-rich feed additive of the present invention was prepared as follows. A 900 L stainless steel vertical tank with a high power mixer (shaft speed about 34 rpm) was filled with 204 kg of water at about 65 ° C. With the high power mixer on, 45 kg of soybean meal and 16 kg of sunflower meal were mixed into the water until these were thoroughly moistened. A solvent, 2.5 kg of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 9 kg of water, was added to the slurry and stirring was continued for about 10 minutes. 40 kg of tallow were then added at 45 ° C and stirred for a further 5 minutes. The mixture was then pumped into a 900 L vertical holding tank equipped with a conical bottom and an outlet of about 5 cm in diameter. From the holding tank, the mixture was pumped into a rock mill (Model 830, available under the tradename Moorehouse Industries, Fullerton, CA) with a mill pitch of 0.020 cm. The outlet of the rock mill was passed to a mixer, and when about half of the above mixture had entered the mixer, 9 kg of 75% phosphoric acid was added to the mixer with stirring. Stirring was continued until a strong gel formed. The gel was then transferred to an agricultural dryer (Heil Model S75-22B) operated at an outlet temperature of 82-88 ° C. The product was dried until its moisture content was approximately 10-14%. A small amount (approximately 1 kg) of absorbent in the form of calcium silicate (Microcel E, sold by Johns Manville) was added to the final product to improve flow properties.

60960

The product from the dryer was a dark brown, odorless powder. The particle size ranged from very fine particles to particles about 0.64 cm in diameter. The resulting product was easy to handle and could be placed in paper bags without noticeable migration or extraction of the Lipid. The product contained approximately 35% by weight of lipids and was suitable for mixing with common types of compound feeds.

Example 2

The feed additive produced in the process of Example 1 was tested to determine its effects on the fat content of cow's milk. Three compound feeds were prepared for the test, the first mixture being a control mixture (masterbatch) which did not contain any feed additive of the present invention. The other two test mixtures contained 10 and 20% by weight of a feed additive prepared by the process of Example 1. Table 1 describes the contents of these three mixtures.

table 1

Basic mixture Test mixture 1: 10% Test mixture 2: 20%

Barley 7.3 kg Barley 5.4 kg Barley 3.6 kg

Alfalfa hay 10.9 kg Alfalfa hay 10.9 kg Alfalfa hay 10.9 kg

Feed additive 1.8 kg Feed additive 3.6 kg

Each of the three mixtures was fed to the same cow under essentially the same conditions. The cow was fed each mixture separately for 6 days. On each day, total cow’s milk production was measured and the milk was analyzed for fat content. The results are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Feed Daily Avg. Daily Avg.

_milk yield (kg) _fat content (kg) _

Basic mixture 23.2 0.79

Test mixture P1 22.5 0.92

Test Mixture # 2 22.8 0.97

As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of the feed additive to the feed had little effect on cow’s milk production, whereas the fat content produced increased significantly. For example, when the cow was fed mixture # 1 containing 10% of the feed additive of the invention, the fat content of the milk increased by 20% over the fat content obtained when the cow was fed the masterbatch. Mixture & 2, which contained 20% feed additive, caused a 25% increase in milk fat content 60960.

Example 3

The procedure of Example 2 was followed with the exception that the feed additive content was increased to 30%. Table 3 shows the test mixture and masterbatch. Table 4 shows the results obtained.

Table 3

Basic Mixture Test Mixture # 3 ': 30%

Barley 10.9 kg Barley 5.4 kg

Alfalfa grass 10.9 kg Alfalfa grass 10.9 kg

Feed additive 5.4 kg

Table 4

Feed Daily Avg. Daily Avg.

_milk production (kg) _fat content (kg) _

Basic mixture 22.1 0.744

Test Mixture # 3 21.4 0.943

As can be seen from Table 4, the use of test mixture 3, which contained 30% feed additive, resulted in a surprising increase of approximately 31% in the fat content of the milk produced.

Claims (5)

10 60960 A process for preparing a lipid-containing feed additive, characterized in that a) an aqueous solution containing 5 to 40% by weight of protein is formed by mixing the proteinaceous substance with an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of a solubilizing agent such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sodium chloride or calcium chloride; b) mixing the lipid substance with the proteinaceous aqueous solution at a temperature at least above the melting point of the lipid to form an oil-in-water emulsion containing about 5-25% by weight of lipid; c) contacting the emulsion with an effective amount of acid to bring the pH to 3.5-5.0 and to gel the aqueous protein solution; and d) drying the resulting emulsion to a powder. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the emulsion is prepared at a temperature not higher than about 55 ° C. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that phosphoric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid or sulfuric acid are used as the pH-adjusting acid. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the drying of the emulsion reduces the moisture content of the high-lipid feed additive to less than 14% by weight. Process according to Claim 4, characterized in that the drying of the emulsion reduces the moisture content to about 10 to 12% by weight.