FI125541B

FI125541B - Torrefiointilaite

Info

Publication number: FI125541B
Application number: FI20145379A
Authority: FI
Inventors: Heikki Sonninen
Original assignee: Torrec Oy
Priority date: 2014-04-24
Filing date: 2014-04-24
Publication date: 2015-11-30
Also published as: FI20145379A; EP3134494A4; WO2015162338A1; EP3134494A1; RU2016145050A

Description

Torrefaction DEVICE TECHNICAL FIELD

The application relates generally to torrefiointilaitteeseen.

Background

Torrefaction (heat treatment) is biomass, such as wood chips, saw blade or cutter, sawdust, logging waste, straw, or peat, heating the anaerobic conditions 200-300Ό temperature. On behalf of the processing temperature exceeds drying, torrefaction (evaporation), but it remains well below the carbonization.

Torrefaction is preceded by the drying of the biomass. Torrefied In fact, the biomass can be removed from part of the lignin and extractives and the volatile components, among others. sugar, a torrefaction is analogous to a heat treatment timber. Torrefied biomass is without intensification of the original lighter, burning less fuming and has the original lower emissions of particulate matter. Torrefaction, in particular to improve the calorific value of biomass, typically about 10-22%. In addition, the increased hydrophobicity to improve the shelf life of the resulting product. Torrefied biomass is usually darker than the original.

Torrefioidun biomass fixed carbon content of about 25% and the energy content of about 90% of the original. Torrefied biomass can also be pelleted, unlike the carbonised biomass. Torrefied bio coal used to fuel coal-fired power and storage is relatively easy. Before torrefaction of biomass must be pre-dried so that the moisture content of up to 10-20%.

Today, the biomass typically torrefioidaan different types of reactors.

For example, the patent application US 2011179700 A1 discloses a system torrefioimiseksi biomass, the system having a preheater, torrefiointire-actor and oven. The preheater is adapted to heat the biomass to the desired first temperature torrefiointilämpötilaan. Torrefiointireaktori adapted to maintain the desired biomass heating torrefiointilämpötilassa desired period of time to produce torrefied biomass. The boiler plant is adapted to generate heat in the preheater and torrefitointireaktoriin.

The patent US 8105400 B2 discloses a process for treating biomass, where the biomass is heated in a low oxygen environment torrefiointireaktorissa torrefiointilämpötilaan, wherein the biomass is converted to torrefioiduksi biomass. Biomass, which has a certain residual moisture content, is dried completely drying chamber by evaporation of the residual moisture. Torrefiointireaktori comprises Torre-fiointikammion, wherein the torrefaction of the dried biomass is carried out. The biomass is transported through torrefiointireaktorin direction of transport. Drying the biomass in the drying chamber is performed by granting use hot drying gas that flows through the drying chamber with biomass in the same direction. Torrefiointikammiossa torrefaction of biomass is carried out by introducing an torrefioin hot-gas such that flows through the torrefiointikammion with the biomass in the opposite direction.

Known torrefiointimenetelmät and installations are relatively complex, inefficient and costly.

Summary

An object of the invention is to eliminate the problems of prior art and to provide a structurally simple and effective torrefiointilaite.

One object of the invention is achieved by claim 1 and claim 9 torrefiointilaitteella torrefiointimenetelmällä.

Torrefiointilaitteessa according to one embodiment of the transmission channel, which is arranged to transfer torrefioitava material to the transfer channel includes openings to allow Torrefied and which is divided into at least one zone, and torrefiointivälineet, which are adapted to transfer the heat energy used for torrefaction torrefiointikaasuun and bring torrefiointikaasua transfer passage substantially traverse through the openings. In addition, torrefiointilaitteessa is a measuring means which are arranged to measure the temperature of the flowing torrefiointikaasun the transmission channel environment and control means which, together with torrefiointivälineiden torrefiointikaasun allow the basis of the temperature and the flow direction of the zonal adjustment of the measurement data from the measuring means.

According to an embodiment of the torrefiointimenetelmässä torrefioitava material is transferred to the transmission channel, which comprises openings to allow Torrefied and which is divided into at least one zone, and transferred to torrefi- ointivälineillä heat energy used for torrefaction torrefiointikaasuun and introduced into the transfer channel torrefiointivälineillä torrefiointikaasua substantially poi kittaisvirtauksena through openings. Furthermore, the process fluid temperature measured by measuring means torrefiointikaasun transmission channel environment, and provides the control means and torrefiointivälineillä the direction of flow and temperature in each zone on the basis of the measurement data from the measuring means torrefiointikaasun.

Other embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.

The explanation

Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional torrefiointilaitteen 11 of the structure.

The device 11 is intended to torrefioitavan material, such as biomass, such as wood chips, sawdust, straw or peat, for drying and / or Torrefeta-oimiseen.

The device 11 is for moving through a fixed biomass in the vertical transfer channel 3, which walls have openings (not shown). High, narrow and long shaped passageway, the transfer channel 3 - and indeed the device 11 - in the vertical direction is divided into at least one zone 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d. In Figure 1, there are four bands 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, which can be divided into, for example, one of these walls Solid-isolating zones 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d from each other.

The vertical transfer channel 3 allows 11 device footprint is very small. In addition, it can be placed outside, so the device 11 does not even require the building.

The transmission channel 3 may also be integrally inclined to a vertical and a horizontal pin oral an angle of 11 or device may comprise a tiltable transfer channel 3, which is possible to tilt the tilting means differing from the horizontal to the desired angle.

Vertical, inclined or tilted to the transmission channel 3 allows the transfer of biomass without separate transmission means when the biomass moves by gravity from top to bottom united and free from distortion plug flow. Utilization of gravity to transfer the biomass allows 11 simple and the structure of the device becomes more reliable when transporting biomass in a hot environment does not need separate conveyor means, which are susceptible to failure due to the circumstances.

The transmission channel 3 can also be horizontal, wherein the biomass needed for the transfer of the conveyor means, for example a conveyor belt.

The device 11 has a transfer channel 3 at the top 3a of the input means 1, 2 for supplying biomass to the transfer channel 3. The biomass is fed to the displacement feeder 1, and a screw conveyor (feed screw) 2 to spread the biomass entire wide transmission channel 3 the width, after which the biomass will start to flow uniformly by gravity downwardly towards the transfer channel 3 the lower part 3b.

Each zone 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d comprises torrefiointivälineet 5, 6, comprising the transfer of the heat exchanger (radiator) 5 heat energy used for torrefaction torrefiointikaasuun. The heat exchanger 5 for heat transfer medium is e.g. hot oil or high pressure steam (> 60 bar). In addition, the heat-transfer medium the 5, 6 comprise a blower 6 for blowing torrefiointikaasun through the transmission channel 3 and biomass substantially traverse to the transfer channel 3 and the biomass in the direction of flow through the openings 3 in the transmission channel.

Depending on the moisture-Output air flow direction may change or stay the same, so that, if necessary, biomass can be recycled through the device 11 several times. Exchange blasting direction or biomass recycling to improve the quality of the final product smoothness.

Torrefiointikaasu gas is used to transfer heat from Torrefied comprising, for example, superheated steam or loose material torrefioitavasta water vapor-containing extractives.

Each blower 6, it is possible to torrefiointikaasu the transfer channel via the transfer channel 3 of the wall openings 3 at such a rate that around the transfer channel 3 of the biomass generated turbulent flows that maximize the transfer of energy to the flow of each of the biomass at the same time. If the flow is laminar, is easily insulating boundary layer, which slows down the transfer of energy between the torrefiointikaasun and the surface of the biomass.

The device 11 is in each zone 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d measuring means (not shown), for example at least one temperature sensor, which are adapted to measure the temperature of the flowing torrefiointikaasun transmission channel 3, for example, setting the fans 6 mounted on the suction or pressure side. Alternatively, if the temperature sensors is more, they may be installed in the suction and pressure side of the transfer channel 3 on each side.

If the zone 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, a plurality of temperature sensors, they can be set, for example, comprise one or more temperature sensors at different heights in lines (network), the transmission channel 3 in the vertical direction.

In addition, the device 11 has a control means (not shown), which are adapted to control each zone 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d Zonal torrefiointiväli-instruments 5, 6, for example to raise torrefiointikaasun temperature, to lower the temperature torrefaction gas (cooling), to change the torrefifiointikaasun flow direction and / or torrefiointikaasulla inertisation, on the basis of the measurement data from the measuring means.

The temperature is also possible to calculate each zone by adjusting the heat exchangers for zones 5 and / or the pressure side mounted one or more wetting nozzles (not shown), which is used to control the control means.

Control means it is possible to control one or more of the zones 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, or all of the zones 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d at a time.

Torrefied biomass is removed from the transfer channel 3 at the bottom of the discharge means 3b, 4, 9, which comprise purkutelaston (discharge screw) 4 torrefioidun discharging the biomass transport channel 3 across the entire width and to remove the displacement feeder 9 torrefioidun biomass device 11.

11 screw conveyor device 2, transmission channel 3, the heat exchangers 5, blowers 6 and 4 purkutelasto form a compact unit, which drying and / or torrefaction of biomass can be efficiently and economically.

The whole body of the torrefiointilaitokseen an essential part of a hot tumble-dryer, where the drying energy is applied by means of superheated steam the material. The device 11 can also act as a dryer, the dryer because the operating principle is similar to the device 11, but the temperature used is lower. Due to the lower temperature heat modification of the biomass does not occur and the process does not require inertisation, so are the rotary valves 1.9 unnecessary operation of the dryer.

Blocking feeder 1, 9 in turn are required Torrefied, because the process must be carried out inertisoiduissa under conditions where the temperature exceeds the ignition temperature of the biomass to be treated. Inertisation occurs primarily of volatile water by means of biomass, but also, if necessary, death of 11 torrefiointilaittee-water or water vapor, the water released from the biomass is insufficient to keep the device 11 the oxygen concentration sufficiently low.

In addition, the device 11 is ylipainepelti 7, which allows it to superatmospheric pressure and is held by means of a water vapor and volatiles removed from the biomass, the process gases are generated. The device 11 is held superatmospheric pressure in order to leaks that may arise in use do not pose a risk of fire / explosion hazard that arises if the oxygen will be the device 11.

Alternatively, the process gas is condensed in the unit 11 in a condenser (not shown) and passed to combustion or a suitable tel-distuskäsittelyyn.

Drying and torrefaction can be carried out in the same device 11, when the various zones 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d are provided separately in accordance with the requirements of drying and Torrefied. However, the Zonal gas flow control may cause an imbalance in the device 11.

The device 11 can be therefore fitted with a bypass channel 8 whose task is to maintain the gas balance in the device 11.

If pre-drying and torrefaction is performed in the same apparatus 11, pre-drying takes place through the top of the lower temperature heat exchanger 5, and the lower part of the device 11 is arranged to produce higher temperature heat exchanger 5 for torrefaction.

The larger - on a large industrial scale - a drying step typically takes place in the first device 11, after which the process can be continued tor-refiointivaiheella separate, at the same time serving as operation principle of another device to enhance 11. The use of energy can be equipped with another pre-drying with leaving the device 11 of steam and thermal energy production in low-temperature waste heat can be to take advantage of, and thus to improve the energy efficiency of the plant.

The device 11 is continuous, whereby the desired treatment process provides a flow rate and biomass of different zones 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d by adjusting the conditions.

Alternatively, the device 11 may be a disposable one wherein it is filled by means of biomass conveyors, which during the drying and / or Torrefied stationary transmission channel 3, and 11 provides a process flow of the circulating air quantity and temperature of the device. After the cooling phase, the unit 11 is emptied demolition-roll stack 4.

The principle according to the invention described above can naturally be modified within the scope defined by the requirements of the protected area, for example, implementation details and fields of use.

Claims

1. A dry refractory device (1) having a transfer channel (3) arranged to transmit the material to be dried, which transfer channel is provided with apertures to enable dry refraction and which is divided into at least one zone (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d). , dry refractory means (5, 6) arranged to transfer heat energy to the dry refractory gas used for the dry refraction and to conduct the dry refracting gas to the transfer channel in the form of a substantially transverse flow through its openings, measuring means arranged to measure the temperature of the flowing dry refractory gas. environment, and control means which together with the dry-feeding means enable zone-specific control of the temperature and flow direction of the dry-feed gas on the basis of measurement data from the measuring means.

The dry refractory device according to claim 1, wherein the control means are arranged for raising and lowering the temperature of the dry refining gas and for inertization with the dry refining gas on the basis of measurement data from the measuring means.

3. A dry-furnace according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dry-furnace means includes at least one heat exchanger (5) for transferring heat energy to the dry-furnace gas and at least one fan (6) for passing the dry-furnace gas to the transfer duct.

4. A dry discharge device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one fan is arranged to pass through the openings in the transfer duct the dry discharge gas to the transfer duct at a rate which allows turbulent flow of it interspersed in the dry discharge material.

A dry-firing device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the transfer channel is a vertical, inclined or tiltable transfer channel (3) arranged to transmit the dry-feed material by gravity.

A dry-feed device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising feed means (1,2) with a lock feeder (1) for feeding the dry feed material to the dry feed device and a screw conveyor (2) for distributing the dry feed material over the entire width of the transfer channel.

A dry refilling device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising removal means (4, 9) with removal rollers (4) for removing the dry refractory material along the entire width of the transfer channel and a lock feeder (9) for removing the dry refractory material from the dry refractory. Procedure.

A dry-discharge device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a pressure relief damper (7) by means of which the dry-discharge device is kept at overpressure and the process gases are discharged from the dry-discharge device, and a bypass channel (8) by means of which gas balance is kept in dry The liner of the dry liner is also used to dry the liner material.

A dry refractory method arranged to be performed at a dry refractory device (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the material is transferred to the dry refractory in a transfer channel (3) provided with apertures to enable dry refraction and which is divided. in at least one zone (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d), heat energy is transferred to the dry reflow gas used for the dry reflow with dry reflow means (5, 6) and the dry reflow gas is fed to the transfer duct in the form of a substantially transverse flow through its openings with the dry reflow means. the temperature of the flowing dry gas in the environment of the transmission channel with measuring means, and the temperature and flow direction of the dry gas flow zone-controlled with the control means and the dry gas means on the basis of measurement data from the measuring means.