ES2585879B1 - Thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle and its operating procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

Thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle and its operating procedure # Consisting of a tank (1) of compressed liquid subcooled at room temperature, which is well filled with recoverable liquids supplied by a machine with closed thermal cycle new liquids supplied by thermal machines with open thermal cycle, a suction line, a pump, pump outlet line (6), high temperature fluid supply line, fluid mixing zone, a turbine, turbine outlet to the environment or to a machine thermal cycle, being able to add a heat exchanger or a boiler to said outlet. It works by pumping the compressed liquid from the tank to the mixing zone and simultaneously introducing high temperature fluid, increasing the speed of the mixture obtained by the effect of the change in density by evaporation. The mixture is sent to the turbine to perform work by changing kinetic energy.

Description

THERMAL MACHINE WITH THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE AND PROCEDURE OF OPERATION OF THE SAME OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the use of the energy of the

fluids that leave the thermal machines. These fluids are at temperatures higher than the boiling point of a liquid or compressed liquids with the pressure equal to or greater than the atmospheric pressure.

The pumping of a fluid or mixture of fluids is introduced as an innovation

of the same type or different from which you want to take advantage of the energy in a compressed liquid state so that when mixed with the fluid you want

harness your energy evaporate and increase your kinetic energy reaching the

state of saturated steam or superheated steam. Currently the gases

hot in the technical machines are sent to the environment or to a

heat exchanger to extract its energy without being used to

Get a thermodynamic job. Another innovation is the pumping of a fluid or

mixing of fluids in a compressed liquid state by a high heat source to reach the saturated liquid state and mix with the high fluid

temperature that you want to use your energy to increase your energy

kinetics. The kinetic energy obtained in the present invention is used

sending it to a turbine or turbine groups to generate thermodynamic work.

POSITION OF THE PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY THIS INVENTION

Technical machines must expel heat to the environment in order to function. Currently thermodynamic cycles open to the atmosphere

30 lose energy by sending hot gases to the environment. For example: In the Brayton cycle the actual output temperature ranges from 495 to 560 degrees

centigrade

In closed cycle thermal machines the high temperature fluid that leaves the turbine loses its energy when passing through the condensers or

heat exchangers.

There are currently no equipment or inventions that use fluid pumping to take advantage of this energy by changing the kinetic energy by evaporation and being sent to a turbine or groups of turbines to

generate a thermodynamic work. Thus. The energy possessed by hot gases is lost. In contrast with the present invention the saturated or superheated vajXlr that is obtained when mixing or exchanging heat is sent to

a turbine that takes advantage of the change of kinetic energy in it to generate a job. This makes the thermal machine more efficient because it

it still takes advantage of the remaining energy of hot gases and decreases

the volume of C02 that is sent to the atmosphere

The way to harness the energy of current thermal machines is

it does by variation of enthalpy when changing the pressure in a turbine. I dont know

it does by change of kinetic energy in the turbine since the changes of the kinetic energy at high pressures is not considerable. This is because the change in kinetic energy by density change is small compared to

the enthalpy change.

For example, a Rankine cycle machine takes water at a temperature of 20 'C and atmospheric pressure. It raises the pressure to 2 Mpa and the fluid leaves the boiler at a temperature of 400 'C with a mass flow of 7.5 Kg / s carries a speed of 1 ml at the inlet of the boiler and a speed at the outlet of 140 mis . It has a kinetic energy change of 9.8 KJ / kg because its density changed from 948 Kg / m 'to 6.61 Kg / m' and its enthalpy change is 2861 KJ / kg. That is, the change in kinetic energy is very small and that is why it is despised. And as long as the pressure is higher, the change in

30 kinetic energy is less.

,

In the present invention its increase is made by evaporation at

Atmospheric pressure and vapor density at 400 ° C would be 0.3223 Kg / m ', changing its speed from 1 m to 2870 m, so its change in kinetic energy is 4120.04 KJlkg. It is a significant change and its energy can be used by sending it to a turbine.

The advantage offered with the present invention is to take advantage of the energy still available by hot fluids at the turbine outlet of the thermal machines before they are lost to the atmosphere through the

evaporation of a liquid causing its speed to increase significantly so that it can perform work on a turbine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Although no invention identical to that described has been found, we present below found documents that reflect the state of the

related technique.

Thus, document ES2447827T3 describes a tenmodynamic machine comprising a circuit system in which a working fluid circulates that particularly boils at low temperature, alternately in one phase.

gas and a liquid phase, with a heat exchanger, with an expansion machine, with a condenser and with a liquid pump, characterized in that a partial pressure that increases the system pressure is imposed on the

liquid working fluid in the head of the liquid pump, through the

addition of a non-condensable auxiliary gas.

The proposed invention is based on harnessing energy by changing kinetic energy by evaporating one or more compressed liquids when mixed with a fluid at a temperature greater than the boiling point. Auxiliary gas is not used to prevent cavitation and an expansion machine that plays the role of turbine and

take advantage of the energy for the change of entropy as the invention does

compared

ES2453904T3 proposes a tennodynamic system, comprising: -a

cyclic heat exchange system, and -a heat transfer system

comprising: an annular evaporator that includes a wall configured to be coupled to a part of the cyclic heat exchange system and a main wick coupled to the wall, and a condenser coupled to the evaporator

to form a closed loop that houses a working fluid; in which the

annular evaporator is adjusted by interference in the cyclic system of

heat exchange

In the proposed invention, the available energy of a fluid is used

which is at a high temperature by evaporating one or more compressed liquids when mixed. The kinetic energy of the

mixture is the one that is used to perform a job in the turbine and is not

Only a heat exchanger.

Document ES2012529A6 proposes a combined thermodynamic cycle and machine, in which the machine is constituted by the association of an engine

thermal with a reverse tennodynamic machine related to its intake load, which follows a thermodynamic cycle that presents an initial compression

along a line close to an isotenna or a polynucleus of p-Yquot formula; = constant (where p = pressure, V = volume, n = specific heats ratio), in which n »1, and an expansion along a line close to a total expansion, all with a maximum temperature and pressure.

In the proposed invention, the energy of the exhaust gases is used when mixed with a compressed liquid or compressed liquid to obtain thermodynamic work and is not used to operate an inverse machine, that is, a refrigerator.

ES2363455T3 refers to a storage system of

thermoelectric power to provide thermal energy to a machine

thermodynamics for the generation of electricity, which comprises; a hot storage unit that is in connection with a heat exchanger and contains a thermal storage medium, a fluid circuit of

work for the circulation of a working fluid through the heat exchanger

heat for heat transfer with thermal storage medium and

in which the temperature difference between the working fluid and the means of

thermal storage at an entry point and an exit point of the

Heat exchanger is less than 50 · C during heat transfer.

The proposal presented is not to save thermal energy but to

generate thermodynamic work taking advantage of the energy of the fluids that leave

of the turbine before entering the condenser or heat exchanger.

Condusions: As can be seen from the research carried out, none of the documents found solves the problems posed as

It makes the proposed invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle object of the present

The invention as illustrated in Figure 1 consists of: - A tank of compressed liquid or mixture of compressed liquids intended to contain the working fluid or fluids, preferably water,

being able to use other liquids such as an aqueous solution of

citric acid, hydrocarbons, ethers, oils, among others. That is, substances or mixtures that are in a compressed or subcooled liquid state at room temperature. Said tank is filled with the working liquid or liquids from two possible sources: The first source is when the working liquid or liquids can be recovered and this occurs when the object of the present invention works with high temperature fluids that are supplied by a

•

machine with closed thermal cycle such as Brayton, Rankine, between

others. A second source of filling is to use liquid or new liquids to

when the object of the present invention works with high temperature fiuids

which are supplied by open thermal cycle machines such as

Brayton, Diesel, Otto, among others or with industrial processes where fiuids that are discarded have the temperature higher than the saturation temperature of the working fiuido.

A suction line that joins the tank with a pump A pump for liquids A pump outlet line. A high temperature fiuido supply line from:

to. A thermal machine with an open cycle to the atrnosphere, such as a diesel cycle, an otto cycle, preferably that of a Brayton cycle, whose actual outlet temperature ranges from

495 to 560 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the fiuido

supplied must be above the temperature of

boiling of compressed or subcooled liquids. Taking

as a reference the water the temperature of the high temperature fluid must be greater than 100G e at a pressure of

atmosphere that is the pressure of the environment at sea level.

b. The high temperature fiuido can also come from a

boiler, heat exchanger or an industrial process, without needing to come only from a machine

thermal

C. The high temperature fiuido comes from a thermal machine

with a closed cycle such as Brayton, Rankine, among others. The temperature of the supplied fluid must be above

of the boiling temperature of compressed liquids or

subcooled Fluid mixing zone.

A turbine

A turbine exit that can go:

to. To the environment when the object of the present invention works

with high temperature fluids that are supplied by machines with open thermal cycle or with high fluids

industrial process temperature.

b. To a closed cycle thermal machine like the Brayton cycle,

Rankine, among others to end its cycle when the fluid

High temperature comes from them.

The operation of said thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle is as follows: Stage 1: The compressed liquid or the mixture of compressed liquids of the

tank are pumped to the mixing zone. Simultaneously, high temperature fluid is introduced through the supply line into the mixing zone of

fluids

Stage 2: the mixture obtained in the mixing zone increases its speed

due to the change in density by evaporation. Stage 3: The mixture is sent to the turbine to perform a job by

Kinetic energy change.

Stage 4: The fluid mixture leaves the turbine and is discharged into the environment or continues with the cycle of a thermal machine with a closed cycle.

A heat exchanger or a boiler in the outlet line can be added to said thermal machine, said heat exchanger or boiler may belong to a technical machine, which heats the compressed liquid or

subcooled to saturated liquid temperature. The operation of this

Different embodiment differs from the main one in that in stage 1 the liquid that is pumped into the mixing zone enters as saturated liquid and not as compressed liquid, which in the case of water is 100 ° C at the pressure of a

atmosphere and in stage 2, when mixed with the high temperature fluid the

30 evaporation is done immediately by increasing its kinetic energy.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

For a better understanding of the description there are attached drawings representing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 5 Figure 1: Diagram of the thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle

Figure 2: Schematic of thermal machine with Brayton cycle open to the

atmosphere

Figure 3: Diagram of thermal machine with heat exchanger.

The numerical references of the figures correspond to the following

10 elements of the present invention:

one.

Tank

2.

Working fluid

3.

Brayton open cycle thermal machine

Four.

Suction line

15 5. Pump

6.

Pump outlet line

7.

High temperature fluid

8. Mixing zone

9. Turbine 20 10. Gases + saturated or superheated steam

11. Heat exchanger

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A preferred embodiment of the invention mentioning said

25 numerical references can be based on: - A tank (1) of compressed liquid or mixture of liquid liquids intended to contain the fluid or working fluids (2), preferably water, being able to use other liquids such as an aqueous acid solution dtrico, hydrocarbons, ethers, oils, among others, that is, substances or

30 mixtures that are in a compressed or subcooled liquid state at

room temperature. Said tank (1) is filled with the liquid or liquids of

works (2) from two possible sources: The first source is when the liquid or

work liquids (2) can be recovered and this occurs when the object of the

present invention work with high temperature fluids (2) that are

5

supplied by a machine with closed technical cycle such as the

Brayton, Rankine, among others. A second source of filling is to use liquid

or new liquids for when the object of the present invention works with

high temperature fluids (2) that are supplied by thermal machines

with open thermal cycle such as Brayton (3), Diesel, Otto, among others or with

10

industrial processes where the discarded fluids have the temperature

higher than the saturation temperature of the working fluid (2).

A suction line (4) that joins the tank with a pump

A pump (5) for liquids

An outlet line (6) of the pump.

IS

A high temperature fluid supply line (7) from

from:

to. A thermal machine with an open cycle to the atmosphere as per

example a Diesel cycle, an Otto cycle, preferably being

that of a Brayton cycle (3), whose actual outlet temperature

twenty

It ranges from 495 to 560 degrees Celsius. The temperature of

supplied fluid must be above the temperature of

boiling of compressed or subcooled liquids. Taking

as a reference the high fluid temperature water

temperature must be greater than 100 ° C at a pressure of one

2S

atmosphere that is the pressure of the environment at sea level.

b. The high temperature fluid can also come from a

boiler, heat exchanger (11) or an industrial process,

no need to come only from one machine

thermal

C. The high temperature fluid comes from a thermal machine

with a closed cycle such as Brayton, Rankine, among others.

The temperature of the supplied fluid must be above

of the boiling temperature of compressed or subcooled liquids.

Fluid mixing zone (8). A turbine (9). An outlet (10) of the turbine that can go:

to. To the environment when the object of the present invention works

with high temperature fluids that are supplied by machines with open thermal cycle or with high fluids

industrial process temperature.

b. To a thermal machine with a closed cycle such as the Brayton, Rankine cycle, among others to end its cycle when the fluid

High temperature comes from them.

The operation of said thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle is as follows:

Stage 1: The compressed liquid or the mixture of compressed liquids (2) from the tank (1) is pumped to the mixing zone (8). Simultaneously, high temperature fluid is introduced through the supply line to the fluid mixing zone (8).

Stage 2: The mixture obtained in the mixing zone (8) increases its speed due to the change in density by evaporation.

Stage 3: The mixture is sent to the turbine (9) to perform a job by

Kinetic energy change.

Stage 4: The fluid mixture (10) leaves the turbine (9) and is discharged to the

ambient or continue with the cycle of a thermal machine with closed cycle. A heat exchanger or

well a boiler (11) in the starting line. said heat exchanger or boiler may belong to a tandem machine, which heats the compressed or subcooled liquid to the saturated liquid temperature. The operation of this different embodiment differs from the main one in that in stage 1 the liquid that is pumped into the mixing zone (8) enters as

S saturated liquid and not as compressed liquid, which in the case of water is of

100 ° C at the pressure of an atmosphere and in stage 2, when mixed with the fluid

High temperature evaporation is done immediately increasing its kinetic energy.

Claims (4)

  1.-Thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle, characterized by being: -A tank (1) of compressed liquid or mixture of compressed liquids intended to contain the working fluid or fiuids (2), preferably water, being able to use other liquids such as an aqueous solution of citric acid, hydrocarbons, ethers, oils, among others, in a compressed liquid state or subcooled at room temperature. Said tank (1) is filled with the working liquid or liquids (2) from two possible sources: The first source is when the working liquid or liquids (2) can be recovered and this occurs when said thermal machine works with fiuids (2 ) high temperature that They are supplied by a machine with closed thermal cycle such as the Brayton or Rankine. A second source of filling said tank is to use liquid or liquid II for the purpose of the present invention. work with high temperature fluids (2) that are supplied by machines thermal with open thermal cycle such as Brayton (3), Diesel or 000 with industrial processes where the discarded fluids have the temperature higher than the saturation temperature of the working fiuido (2). A suction line (4) that joins the tank with a pump A pump (5) for liquids An outlet line (6) of the pump. A high temperature fluid supply line (7) from from: to. A thermal machine with an open cycle to the atmosphere as per example a Diesel cycle or an Otto cycle, preferably being that of a Brayton cycle (3), whose actual output temperature ranges from 495 to 560 degrees Celsius, and the temperature of the fluid supplied above the boiling temperature of compressed or subcooled liquids. Taking as reference the water the temperature of the high temperature fiuido must be greater than 100 · C at a pressure of one atmosphere. b. Either a boiler or an industrial process. C. Or of a thermal machine with closed cycle such as the Brayton or Rankine. Fluid mixing zone (8). A turbine (9). An outlet (10) of the turbine that can go: to. To the environment when the object of the present invention works with high temperature fiuids that are supplied by machines with open thermal cycle or with high fiuidos industrial process temperature. b. To a closed cycle thermal machine like the Brayton cycle or Rankine. 2. Thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle, according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger (11) or a boiler in the outlet line is added to said thermal machine, said heat exchanger (11) or boiler can belong to a thermal machine that heats the compressed or subcooled liquid to the saturated liquid temperature. 3.-Operating procedure of the thermal machine with thermodynamic cycle of claims 1 and 2, characterized by the following steps: Stage 1: The compressed liquid or the mixture of compressed liquids (2) from the tank (1) is pumped to the mixing zone (8) and simultaneously high temperature fiuido is introduced through the supply line to the fiuid mixing zone (8). Stage 2: The mixture obtained in the mixing zone (8) increases its speed due to the change in density by evaporation. Stage 3: the mixture is sent to the turbine (9) to perform a job by Kinetic energy change. Stage 4: the fluid mixture (10) leaves the turbine (9) and is discharged to the ambient or continues with the acid of a thermal machine with closed cycle. 5 4.-Operating procedure of the thermal machine with acid thermodynamic according to claim 3, characterized in that in stage 1 the liquid that is pumped into the mixing zone (8) enters as a saturated liquid and not as a compressed liquid, which in the case of water is 100 ° C at the pressure of an atmosphere and in stage 2, when mixed with the high temperature fluid, the 10 evaporation is done immediately increasing its kinetic energy.