ES2537131B2 - Method and directional system for detecting ground defects in DC networks of insulated cables - Google Patents
Method and directional system for detecting ground defects in DC networks of insulated cables Download PDFInfo
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- ES2537131B2 ES2537131B2 ES201431916A ES201431916A ES2537131B2 ES 2537131 B2 ES2537131 B2 ES 2537131B2 ES 201431916 A ES201431916 A ES 201431916A ES 201431916 A ES201431916 A ES 201431916A ES 2537131 B2 ES2537131 B2 ES 2537131B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
Método y sistema direccional de detección de defectos a tierra en sistemas de corriente continua de cables aislados.#Método y sistema de detección de defectos a tierra para redes de cables corriente continua (3) que comprende al menos una pantalla (4) de puesta a tierra (8) en un cable (3), un equipo de medida (5) de corriente que circula por la pantalla (4) y que obtiene una señal de medida de intensidad (13), un dispositivo analizador (12) de la señal de medida (13) y una señal de ajuste de la intensidad (14) que circula por la pantalla (4), que a su vez comprende:#- medios para obtener un valor de polaridad de intensidad (16) y un valor de intensidad de la señal de medida (13),#- un divisor (15) que compara la intensidad de la señal de medida de intensidad (13) con la señal de ajuste (14),#- un comparador (18) que compara la polaridad de intensidad (16) con un signo de polaridad definido previamente,#- medios para generar una señal de disparo (11), que indica un defecto (19) en el cable (3), a partir de las señales de salida del divisor (15) y del comparador (18).Method and directional system for detecting ground faults in DC systems of insulated cables # Method and system for detecting earth faults for DC networks (3) comprising at least one screen (4) for setting up ground (8) in a cable (3), a current measuring device (5) that circulates on the screen (4) and that obtains an intensity measurement signal (13), an analyzer device (12) of the signal of measurement (13) and an intensity adjustment signal (14) that circulates on the screen (4), which in turn comprises: # - means for obtaining an intensity polarity value (16) and an intensity value of the measurement signal (13), # - a divider (15) that compares the intensity of the intensity measurement signal (13) with the adjustment signal (14), # - a comparator (18) that compares the polarity of intensity (16) with a previously defined polarity sign, # - means for generating a trigger signal (11), indicating a defect ( 19) on the cable (3), from the output signals of the splitter (15) and the comparator (18).
Description
-Uno (o más) equipos de medida de intensidades de las corrientes continuas que circulan por las pantallas del cable protegido, cuya señal de salida, que es una señal de medida de intensidad, está ya adaptada para poderla analizar y tratar con lógica digital. -Un dispositivo analizador encargado de analizar la señal de medida de intensidad y una señal de ajuste de la intensidad que circula por la pantalla del cable, el analizador comprendiendo: -One (or more) equipment for measuring currents of the continuous currents that circulate through the shields of the protected cable, whose output signal, which is an intensity measurement signal, is already adapted to be able to analyze and treat it with digital logic. -An analyzer device responsible for analyzing the intensity measurement signal and an intensity adjustment signal circulating on the cable screen, the analyzer comprising:
medios para obtener un valor de intensidad de la señal de medida de intensidad, means for obtaining an intensity value of the intensity measurement signal,
un divisor que compara el valor de intensidad de la señal de medida de intensidad con un valor determinado de la señal de ajuste de la intensidad y en base a la comparación obtener una primera señal de salida, a divider that compares the intensity value of the intensity measurement signal with a determined value of the intensity adjustment signal and based on the comparison obtain a first output signal,
medios para obtener un valor de polaridad de intensidad de la señal de medida de intensidad, means for obtaining an intensity polarity value of the intensity measurement signal,
un comparador de señal encargado de comparar el valor de polaridad de intensidad con un signo de polaridad definido para la detección de defectos y en base a la comparación obtener una segunda señal de salida, a signal comparator in charge of comparing the intensity polarity value with a defined polarity sign for defect detection and based on the comparison obtain a second output signal,
medios (que pueden incluir puertas lógicas Y, O y de negación) para generar en una salida del dispositivo analizador una señal de disparo, que indica un defecto en el cable, a partir de la señal de salida del divisor y la señal de salida del comparador. means (which may include logic gates Y, O and denial) for generating a trip signal at an output of the analyzer device, indicating a defect in the cable, from the splitter output signal and the output signal of the comparator.
En una posible realización, el sistema además comprende al menos un temporizador para fijar un intervalo de tiempo, con lo que a la salida del dispositivo analizador la señal de disparo indica un defecto sólo si el valor de intensidad de la señal de medida de intensidad supera el valor determinado de la señal de ajuste de la intensidad durante el intervalo de tiempo fijado. In a possible embodiment, the system also comprises at least one timer for setting a time interval, whereby at the output of the analyzer device the trip signal indicates a defect only if the intensity value of the intensity measurement signal exceeds the determined value of the intensity adjustment signal during the set time interval.
La invención que se describe presenta una serie de ventajas técnicas con respecto al estado de la técnica anterior: The invention described presents a series of technical advantages over the prior art:
-Con respecto a la solución descrita en WO2011157305, ésta no analiza las intensidades que circulan por los extremos de las pantallas y necesita instalar costosas bobinas en serie con la alimentación principal del sistema. Además, no utiliza ningún criterio direccional, como sí aplica la presente invención, para detectar y despejar defectos a tierra en los cables aislados. -With respect to the solution described in WO2011157305, it does not analyze the intensities that circulate at the ends of the screens and needs to install expensive coils in series with the main power of the system. In addition, it does not use any directional criteria, as the present invention does, to detect and clear ground defects in insulated wires.
-Con respecto a la solución descrita en CN102522733, tampoco ésta utiliza criterios direccionales para detección y despeje de los defectos a tierra en los cables -With respect to the solution described in CN102522733, it also does not use directional criteria for detection and clearance of earth defects in the cables
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aislados, ni recoge una lectura ni análisis de las corrientes que circulan por las pantallas de los cables protegidos. isolated, neither collects a reading nor analysis of the currents that circulate through the screens of the protected cables.
-La presente invención soluciona el problema de detectar una falta a tierra de forma selectiva en redes eléctricas con cables aislados en corriente continua, con la ventaja de que la medida de la corriente en las pantallas es más sencilla que en el propio conductor, ya que la tensión de aislamiento requerida para el equipo de medida es muy inferior comparada con la tensión de aislamiento requerida si se midiera en el cable aislado. -The present invention solves the problem of detecting a ground fault selectively in electrical networks with insulated cables in direct current, with the advantage that the measurement of the current in the screens is simpler than in the conductor itself, since The insulation voltage required for the measuring equipment is much lower compared to the required insulation voltage if measured on the insulated cable.
A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta. A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
FIGURA 1.-Muestra una red de alimentación en corriente continua, según se conoce en el estado de la técnica. FIGURE 1.- Shows a power supply network in direct current, as is known in the state of the art.
FIGURA 2.-Muestra un esquema simplificado de bloques de un sistema de protección frente a defectos a tierra aplicado a la red de corriente continua la Figura 1, según una realización preferente de la invención. FIGURE 2.- Shows a simplified block diagram of a ground fault protection system applied to the direct current network of Figure 1, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIGURA 3.-Muestra un esquema simplificado de bloques de un sistema de detección de defectos a tierra del cable aislado, según una primera posible realización de la invención. FIGURE 3.- It shows a simplified block diagram of a ground fault detection system of the insulated cable, according to a first possible embodiment of the invention.
FIGURA 4.-Muestra un esquema simplificado de bloques de un sistema de detección de defectos a tierra del cable aislado, según una segunda posible realización de la invención. FIGURE 4.- Shows a simplified block diagram of a ground fault detection system of the insulated cable, according to a second possible embodiment of the invention.
FIGURA 5.-Muestra un esquema simplificado de bloques de un sistema de detección de defectos a tierra del cable aislado, según una tercera posible realización de la invención. FIGURE 5.- Shows a simplified block diagram of a ground fault detection system of the insulated cable, according to a third possible embodiment of the invention.
FIGURA 6.-Muestra un esquema simplificado de bloques de un sistema de detección de defectos a tierra del cable aislado, según una cuarta posible realización de la invención. FIGURE 6.- Shows a simplified block diagram of a ground fault detection system of the insulated cable, according to a fourth possible embodiment of the invention.
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FIGURA 7.-Muestra un esquema simplificado de bloques de un sistema de detección de defectos a tierra del cable aislado, según una quinta posible realización de la invención. FIGURE 7.- Shows a simplified block diagram of a ground fault detection system of the insulated cable, according to a fifth possible embodiment of the invention.
5 Se describe, a continuación, se propone un modo de realización del sistema de protección frente a faltas a tierra sin que sea excluyente a otras posibles configuraciones que utilicen el método descrito. 5 It is described, below, an embodiment of the earth fault protection system is proposed without excluding other possible configurations using the described method.
10 En la Figura 1 se muestra una red de alimentación en corriente continua donde se observan los siguientes elementos: (1): Fuente de tensión de corriente continua. (2): Barra principal de corriente continua. (3): Cables de corriente continua. 10 Figure 1 shows a DC power network where the following elements are observed: (1): DC voltage source. (2): Main DC bar. (3): DC cables.
15 (4): Pantallas de los cables de corriente continua. (5): Medida de intensidad en corriente continua. (6): Defecto en un cable de corriente continua. (7): Intensidades de defecto. (8): Puesta a tierra de las pantallas de los cables. 15 (4): Screens of the DC cables. (5): Measurement of intensity in direct current. (6): Defect in a DC cable. (7): Default intensities. (8): Grounding the cable shields.
20 (9): Puesta a tierra de la fuente de tensión continua. 20 (9): Grounding of the DC voltage source.
La realización preferente de esta invención contempla su implementación en relés multifunción programables mediante esquemas lógicos. Normalmente, las pantallas (4) de puesta a tierra (8) están dispuestas a ambos extremos de cada cable (3) aislado. The preferred embodiment of this invention contemplates its implementation in programmable multifunction relays by means of logic schemes. Normally, the grounding screens (4) (8) are arranged at both ends of each insulated cable (3).
25 En la Figura 2 se observa la disposición y aplicación de un sistema de protección frente a defectos a tierra detectados en la red de corriente continua ilustrada en la Figura 1, en donde aparecen los siguientes elementos: (10): Elemento de corte de alimentación. 25 Figure 2 shows the arrangement and application of a protection system against earth faults detected in the direct current network illustrated in Figure 1, where the following elements appear: (10): Power cut-off element .
30 (11): Orden de disparo del elemento de corte de alimentación (10). (12): Dispositivo analizador. (13): Señal de medida de intensidad que circula por la pantalla (4) del cable (3). 30 (11): Trip order of the power cut-off element (10). (12): Analyzer device. (13): Current measurement signal that circulates through the cable shield (4) (3).
El dispositivo analizador (12) dispone de los elementos necesarios para determinar de forma 35 direccional si el cable tiene un defecto a tierra ó no. Existen varias formas de medir las The analyzer device (12) has the necessary elements to determine directionally whether the cable has a ground fault or not. There are several ways to measure
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“unos” lógicos y junto con la señal (15), activan la puerta lógica de tres entradas (24), inician el temporizador (20) y se indica defecto (19) si expira el tiempo del temporizador (20). Logical "ones" and together with the signal (15), activate the three-input logic gate (24), start the timer (20) and indicate defect (19) if the timer time (20) expires.
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ES201431916A ES2537131B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | Method and directional system for detecting ground defects in DC networks of insulated cables |
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ES201431916A ES2537131B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2014-12-23 | Method and directional system for detecting ground defects in DC networks of insulated cables |
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ES2537131A1 ES2537131A1 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
ES2537131B2 true ES2537131B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 |
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ES2374345B1 (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2013-02-11 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | SYSTEM AND METHOD OF NON-DIRECTIONAL PROTECTION FOR SELECTIVE DETECTION OF GROUND FAULTS IN NETWORKS WITH ISOLATED NEUTRAL. |
FR2993670B1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-07-11 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | DIRECTIONAL DETECTION OF SENSITIVE LAND DEFECT MEDIUM VOLTAGE BY LINEAR CORRELATION |
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