ES2529236B2 - METHOD FOR OBTAINING CURVED TRANSPARENT ELEMENTS WITH INTEGRATED VARIABLE OPACITY SYSTEM AND PRODUCT SO OBTAINED. - Google Patents
METHOD FOR OBTAINING CURVED TRANSPARENT ELEMENTS WITH INTEGRATED VARIABLE OPACITY SYSTEM AND PRODUCT SO OBTAINED. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2529236B2 ES2529236B2 ES201490130A ES201490130A ES2529236B2 ES 2529236 B2 ES2529236 B2 ES 2529236B2 ES 201490130 A ES201490130 A ES 201490130A ES 201490130 A ES201490130 A ES 201490130A ES 2529236 B2 ES2529236 B2 ES 2529236B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/02—Bending or folding
- B29C53/04—Bending or folding of plates or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
- B32B38/1866—Handling of layers or the laminate conforming the layers or laminate to a convex or concave profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/55—Liquid crystals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Método para la obtención de un elemento transparente curvado con sistema de opacidad variable integrado, y producto así obtenido, caracterizado porque comprende una primera etapa de conformación de una primera lámina PDLC (1) que está formada preferentemente por dos hojas de un material transparente (1a), con una capa adherida conductiva de óxido de indio (1b), y situada solidariamente entre ellas un polímero de cristal líquido (1c); una segunda etapa donde se sitúa en un bastidor (2) con el contorno de la figura a obtener, sometiéndola a un esfuerzo de extensión gracias a unos tensores (3); en una tercera etapa se aplica presión (4) gracias a unas bolsas de silicona (4) con aire proveniente de un compresor; y una cuarta etapa en donde se aumenta su temperatura de forma controlada y se desplaza hacia un molde (5) con la forma deseada.Method for obtaining a curved transparent element with integrated variable opacity system, and product thus obtained, characterized in that it comprises a first stage of forming a first PDLC sheet (1) which is preferably formed by two sheets of a transparent material (1a ), with a conductive bonded layer of indium oxide (1b), and integral with each other a liquid crystal polymer (1c); a second stage where it is placed in a frame (2) with the outline of the figure to be obtained, subjecting it to an extension effort thanks to tensioners (3); in a third stage pressure (4) is applied thanks to silicone bags (4) with air coming from a compressor; and a fourth stage where its temperature is increased in a controlled manner and moves to a mold (5) with the desired shape.
Description
MÉTODO PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DE ELEMENTOS TRANSPARENTES CURVADOS CON SISTEMA DE OPACIDAD VARIABLE INTEGRADO Y PRODUCTO ASÍ OBTENIDO. METHOD FOR OBTAINING CURVED TRANSPARENT ELEMENTS WITH INTEGRATED VARIABLE OPACITY SYSTEM AND PRODUCT SO OBTAINED.
El objeto de la presente memoria, es un método para la obtención de elementos transparentes curvados con sistema de opacidad variable integrado, y el producto así obtenido, que está caracterizado esencialmente por comprender preferentemente al menos dos hojas de un material transparente, preferentemente poliéster con una capa adherida conductiva de óxido de indio, y situada solidariamente entre ellas un polímero de cristal líquido. Gracias a ello, se adaptan las láminas de cristal líquido PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), a formas esféricas sin que pierdan sus propiedades o funcionalidad, para poder ser incorporadas por medio del laminado a unidades transparentes formadas por vidrio o por cualquier otro material de características similares, como puede ser metacrilato o policarbonato, así como controlar su opacidad gradualmente, sin tener que limitarse a los estados de opacidad todo-nada. The object of the present specification is a method for obtaining curved transparent elements with integrated variable opacity system, and the product thus obtained, which is essentially characterized by preferably comprising at least two sheets of a transparent material, preferably polyester with a Conductive bonded layer of indium oxide, and located in solidarity with each other a liquid crystal polymer. Thanks to this, the PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) liquid crystal sheets are adapted to spherical shapes without losing their properties or functionality, to be able to be incorporated by means of the laminate into transparent units formed by glass or any other material of similar characteristics, such as methacrylate or polycarbonate, as well as gradually controlling its opacity, without having to limit itself to the all-nothing opacity states.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En la actualidad son conocidos los sistemas de opacidad-transparencia que toman como base las láminas PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), han tenido hasta ahora dos únicos estados de funcionamiento: todo o nada, es decir, que pasaban del estado total de transparencia al estado total de opacidad, sin grados intermedios. En segundo lugar, las láminas PDLC, dada su naturaleza constructiva, no permiten ser curvadas en más de uno de sus ejes. Currently, opacity-transparency systems that are based on PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) sheets have been known, so far they have had only two operating states: all or nothing, that is, they went from the total state of transparency to Total state of opacity, without intermediate grades. Secondly, PDLC sheets, given their constructive nature, cannot be curved in more than one of their axes.
Así pues, y tomando como ejemplo para la descripción del problema técnico a resolver por la presente invención, si tomamos un material textil, un cilindro y una pelota y dejamos caer dicho material textil encima del cilindro, éste se adaptará perfectamente al mismo, ya que podrá reposar en toda su superficie sin formar arrugas ni pliegues, y sin forzarlo para que permanezca en este estado. Si por el contrario, lo dejamos caer sobre la pelota (es decir, sobre cualquier esfera) será imposible su adaptación perfecta, ya que aparecerán pliegues por todo el perímetro y, en la mayoría de los casos, ni aplicando esfuerzos mecánicos sobre el textil será posible evitar las arrugas y pliegues, siempre en función de la elasticidad del material textil. Thus, and taking as an example for the description of the technical problem to be solved by the present invention, if we take a textile material, a cylinder and a ball and drop said textile material on top of the cylinder, it will adapt perfectly to it, since It can rest on its entire surface without forming wrinkles or folds, and without forcing it to remain in this state. If, on the contrary, we drop it on the ball (that is, on any sphere), its perfect adaptation will be impossible, since folds will appear throughout the perimeter and, in most cases, neither applying mechanical stresses on the textile will be It is possible to avoid wrinkles and folds, always depending on the elasticity of the textile material.
Por dichas razones, los sistemas PDLC no han sido utilizados en el sector de automoción para la fabricación de elementos opacificables a voluntad, ya que dichos elementos presentan una cierta esfericidad, con lo que deja de ser aplicable dicho sistema. Solamente han sido utilizados en acristalamientos de pequeño tamaño, y curvatura casi nula, como por ejemplo, en pequeños vidrios situados en el techado de los vehículos, restringiendo enormemente la utilidad y funcionalidad de los mismos. For these reasons, PDLC systems have not been used in the automotive sector for the manufacture of opacifiable elements at will, since said elements have a certain sphericity, which ceases to be applicable. They have only been used in small glazing, and almost zero curvature, as for example, in small windows located on the roof of the vehicles, greatly restricting their usefulness and functionality.
Actualmente, la tendencia en el sector automotriz es la de realizar parabrisas de los comúnmente conocidos como “panorámicos”, los cuales alcanzan en su parte cenital, aproximadamente la vertical de la posición de los ojos del conductor. Ahí una traviesa corta el desarrollo del parabrisas, y si se quiere ocupar con elementos transparentes la zona perteneciente al techo, se parte de ésta. Dicha zona incorpora habitualmente elementos para mitigar la incidencia de la luz y el calor solar, consistiendo éstos en cortinillas textiles, o elementos rígidos que, por medios de guías correderas, se accionan manual o automáticamente. Currently, the trend in the automotive sector is to make windshields commonly known as "panoramic", which reach in its zenith part, approximately vertical vertical position of the driver's eyes. There a naughty cuts the development of the windshield, and if you want to occupy the area belonging to the roof with transparent elements, start from it. This area usually incorporates elements to mitigate the incidence of sunlight and solar heat, these consisting of textile curtains, or rigid elements that, by means of sliding guides, are operated manually or automatically.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El problema técnico que resuelve la presente invención es lograr un elemento con opacidad variable, para su utilización preferente en el ámbito de la automoción, para ser integrado como “luna” del vehículo o techado. Para ello, el un procedimiento para la obtención de elementos transparentes curvados con sistema de opacidad variable integrado, y el producto así obtenido, está caracterizado por comprender generalmente dos hojas de un material transparente, preferentemente poliéster con una capa adherida conductiva de óxido de indio, y situada solidariamente entre ellas un polímero de cristal líquido. The technical problem solved by the present invention is to achieve an element with variable opacity, for its preferred use in the automotive field, to be integrated as a "moon" of the vehicle or roof. For this, the process for obtaining curved transparent elements with integrated variable opacity system, and the product thus obtained, is characterized by generally comprising two sheets of a transparent material, preferably polyester with a conductive bonded layer of indium oxide, and jointly located between them a liquid crystal polymer.
Dicho sistema actúa a modo de condensador, siendo las capas de óxido de indio, los polos del mismo y el cristal líquido su dieléctrico. Estando las moléculas de cristal líquido en una posición desordenada, y cuando se aplica una diferencia de potencial entre sus polos, es decir, en las capas conductivas, se reordenan en la misma dirección. Said system acts as a capacitor, the indium oxide layers, the poles thereof and the liquid crystal being its dielectric. The liquid crystal molecules being in an untidy position, and when a potential difference is applied between their poles, that is, in the conductive layers, they are rearranged in the same direction.
Gracias a esto, el sistema dispersa en todas las direcciones la luz que incide en ella cuando las moléculas se encuentran en una posición desordenada, creando una apariencia opaca y limitando el paso de la luz y el calor hacia la otra cara. Mientras que cuando se aplica un voltaje entre sus caras y las moléculas se reordenan, el sistema permite el paso de la luz a través de ella, dando la apariencia de transparencia. Thanks to this, the system disperses in all directions the light that affects it when the molecules are in an untidy position, creating an opaque appearance and limiting the passage of light and heat to the other side. While when a voltage is applied between their faces and the molecules are rearranged, the system allows the passage of light through it, giving the appearance of transparency.
La invención que aquí se preconiza, consigue sustituir a dichos sistemas, mejorándolos, ya que consigue integrar en un único elemento un sistema que, por un lado, nos permite graduar la cantidad de luz y calor que pasan al habitáculo bien a voluntad o conectados a sistemas automatizados, sin necesidad de elementos externos, pudiendo realizar la función de los parasoles presentes, y que también nos permiten controlar el grado de opacidad. Esto se consigue controlando la dispersión del cristal líquido PDLC por medio de un sistema propio que aplica una curva de tensión frecuencia adecuada para el control del mismo. The invention hereby advocated replaces said systems, improving them, since it manages to integrate into a single element a system that, on the one hand, allows us to adjust the amount of light and heat that passes into the cabin either at will or connected to automated systems, without the need for external elements, being able to perform the function of the parasols present, and which also allow us to control the degree of opacity. This is achieved by controlling the dispersion of the PDLC liquid crystal by means of a proprietary system that applies a frequency voltage curve suitable for its control.
El sistema aquí preconizado, nos permite adaptar la PDLC a una forma esférica, provocando que sea posible la realización práctica de un parabrisas que abarque, no sólo la zona habitual empleada para tal efecto, sino que incluso pueda extender a la zona de techado, sin necesidad de modificar el diseño integral del vehículo, respetando las características aerodinámicas tan importantes para el correcto funcionamiento del vehículo. The system recommended here allows us to adapt the PDLC to a spherical shape, causing the practical realization of a windshield that covers not only the usual area used for this purpose, but can even extend to the roofing area, without need to modify the integral design of the vehicle, respecting the aerodynamic characteristics so important for the proper functioning of the vehicle.
A lo largo de la descripción y las reivindicaciones, la palabra “comprende” y sus variantes no pretender excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención se desprenderán en parte de la descripción y en parte de la práctica de la invención. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. Además, la presente invención cubre todas las posibles combinaciones de realizaciones particulares y preferidas aquí indicadas. Throughout the description and the claims, the word "comprises" and its variants is not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings provide by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta. A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
FIG. 1 muestra una vista esquemática un elemento transparente curvado con sistema de opacidad variable integrado. FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a curved transparent element with integrated variable opacity system.
FIG. 2 muestra una sección transversal de un elemento transparente curvado con sistema de opacidad variable integrado. FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a curved transparent element with integrated variable opacity system.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN Tal y como se ha expresado anteriormente, la invención consiste esencialmente en un método que adapta las láminas de cristal líquido PDLC a formas esféricas sin que pierdan su funcionalidad ni propiedades con el objeto de ser incorporadas por laminado a unidades transparente compuestas por vidrio o materiales equivalentes, tipo metacrilato o policarbonato, así como un sistema para regular la opacidad en dichas láminas de cristal líquido PDLC, sin la limitación propia del todo – nada. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION As stated above, the invention essentially consists of a method that adapts PDLC liquid crystal sheets to spherical shapes without losing their functionality or properties in order to be incorporated by laminate into transparent composite units. by glass or equivalent materials, type methacrylate or polycarbonate, as well as a system to regulate the opacity in said PDLC liquid crystal sheets, without the limitation of the whole.
Más concretamente, tal y como se observa en la figura 1, el elemento transparente consiste en una primera lámina PDLC (1) que está formada preferentemente por dos hojas de un material transparente (1a), preferentemente poliéster, con una capa adherida conductiva de óxido de indio (1b), y situada solidariamente entre ellas un polímero de cristal líquido (1c). More specifically, as seen in Figure 1, the transparent element consists of a first PDLC sheet (1) that is preferably formed by two sheets of a transparent material (1a), preferably polyester, with a conductive bonded oxide layer of indium (1b), and located jointly between them a liquid crystal polymer (1c).
Este elemento actúa eléctricamente como un condensador, de tal forma que las capas de óxido de indio (1b) son los polos del mismo, mientras que el cristal líquido (1c) es el dieléctrico. Las moléculas del cristal líquido (1c) están desordenadas, de tal forma que cuando se aplica una diferencia de potencial entre sus polos, es decir, entre las capas de óxido de indio (1b) se reordenan en una misma dirección. La consecuencia de todo ello es que, en el estado desordenado, el conjunto dispersa en todas direcciones la luz incidente, creando una apariencia opaca y limitando el paso de la luz y el calor desde una cara a otra de la misma, esto es entre las dos hojas de material transparente (1a). Cuando se aplica una tensión eléctrica entre sus caras (sobre la capa adherida de óxido de indio (1b)) y las moléculas se reordenan, la lámina PDLC (1) permite el paso de la luz a través de ella, obteniendo la apariencia de transparencia buscada. This element acts electrically as a capacitor, so that the layers of indium oxide (1b) are the poles thereof, while the liquid crystal (1c) is the dielectric. The molecules of the liquid crystal (1c) are disordered, so that when a potential difference is applied between their poles, that is, between the layers of indium oxide (1b) they are rearranged in the same direction. The consequence of all this is that, in the disordered state, the whole disperses the incident light in all directions, creating an opaque appearance and limiting the passage of light and heat from one face to another of it, this is between two sheets of transparent material (1st). When an electrical voltage is applied between their faces (on the adhered layer of indium oxide (1b)) and the molecules are rearranged, the PDLC sheet (1) allows the light to pass through it, obtaining the appearance of transparency wanted.
La tensión eléctrica aplicada se consigue gracias a un sistema electrónico basado en una curva tensión-frecuencia que permite controlar el grado de orientación de las moléculas de cristal líquido (1c) a través del campo eléctrico que incide sobre ellas, y estabilizando dicho estado de tal manera que el mismo sea estable independientemente de las circunstancias externas que incidan en el sistema, como puede ser variaciones de calor u otros campos electro-magnéticos ajenos al sistema. Tal aplicación nos permite tener infinitos grados de opacidad-transparencia, lo que conlleva poder controlar la visión, la luz y el calor que traspasa el mismo, siendo una enorme ventaja, ya que cualquier sistema de los empleados hasta ahora, como tapas correderas o cortinillas enrollables, son mucho menos eficientes en éste aspecto. The applied electrical voltage is achieved thanks to an electronic system based on a voltage-frequency curve that allows to control the degree of orientation of the liquid crystal molecules (1c) through the electric field that affects them, and stabilizing said state of such so that it is stable regardless of the external circumstances that affect the system, such as heat variations or other electro-magnetic fields outside the system. Such an application allows us to have infinite degrees of opacity-transparency, which entails being able to control the vision, the light and the heat that passes through it, being an enormous advantage, since any system of the employees so far, such as sliding covers or curtains roller, are much less efficient in this aspect.
El procedimiento para la obtención de elementos transparentes curvados con sistema de opacidad variable integrado, consiste básicamente en un sistema de moldeo de la lámina PDLC que nos permita su adecuación a formas esféricas sin formación de arrugas ni pliegues, y sin merma de sus cualidades ópticas y funcionales. The procedure for obtaining curved transparent elements with integrated variable opacity system, basically consists of a PDLC sheet molding system that allows us to adapt to spherical shapes without wrinkles or creases, and without reducing their optical qualities and functional.
La dificultad del moldeo de dichas láminas estriba en que la temperatura necesaria para alcanzar el grado de plasticidad conveniente en el material transparente-conductivo que actúa de soporte para su adaptación a una forma esférica es muy superior a la máxima admitida por el polímero de cristal líquido. Dicho polímero, que en el rango propio de temperaturas de trabajo (temperatura ambiente) presenta un estado sumamente pastoso, se va fluidificando con el aumento de temperatura. Si la temperatura supera cierto punto, su estructura original queda afectada y no se puede volver a recuperar, aunque la temperatura vuelva a los valores ambientales. The difficulty of molding said sheets is that the temperature necessary to reach the degree of plasticity convenient in the transparent-conductive material that acts as a support for its adaptation to a spherical shape is much higher than the maximum allowed by the liquid crystal polymer . Said polymer, which in the proper range of working temperatures (ambient temperature) has an extremely pasty state, becomes fluidized with the increase in temperature. If the temperature exceeds a certain point, its original structure is affected and cannot be recovered, even if the temperature returns to the environmental values.
Por otra parte, si en estado fluido es aplicado un vector de fuerza en cualquier punto de su superficie, aunque no se haya alcanzado la temperatura crítica, se produce una dispersión del cristal líquido indeseada en dicho punto, que afecta de igual manera de forma permanente al conjunto, quedando éste invalidado. Por todo esto, las láminas PDLC sólo admiten su conformado en formas cilíndricas y no esféricas. On the other hand, if a force vector is applied in a fluid state at any point on its surface, even if the critical temperature has not been reached, there is a dispersion of the unwanted liquid crystal at that point, which affects the same way permanently to the set, leaving it invalid. For all this, PDLC sheets only admit their forming in cylindrical and non-spherical shapes.
La solución aportada (ver figura 2) consiste en un sistema que fuerza al conjunto con una combinación de calor y esfuerzo mecánico repartido por igual ambos por toda su superficie, sin superar la temperatura crítica y siendo suficiente para el conformado del mismo sin que pierda sus propiedades. The solution provided (see figure 2) consists of a system that forces the assembly with a combination of heat and mechanical stress distributed equally both over its entire surface, without exceeding the critical temperature and being sufficient to form it without losing its properties.
La lámina de PDLC (1) se situará en un bastidor perimetral (2) con la forma definitiva del contorno de la figura a conseguir. El bastidor (2) somete a la lámina (1) a un esfuerzo de extensión en todo su perímetro por medio de unos tensores (3) convenientemente situados alrededor del mismo. La parte superior e inferior del bastidor (2) sujetará unas bolsas de silicona (4) comunicadas entre sí y con una presión de aire conveniente en su interior suministrada por un compresor. Este conjunto forma un sistema neumático que proporciona una presión constante a ambas caras de la lámina. The PDLC sheet (1) will be placed in a perimeter frame (2) with the final shape of the outline of the figure to be achieved. The frame (2) subjects the sheet (1) to an extension effort throughout its perimeter by means of tensioners (3) conveniently located around it. The upper and lower part of the frame (2) will hold silicone bags (4) communicated with each other and with a convenient air pressure inside supplied by a compressor. This assembly forms a pneumatic system that provides constant pressure to both sides of the sheet.
Posteriormente, se somete al conjunto a un aumento de temperatura controlado, y una vez alcanzado el punto conveniente, el conjunto se desplaza hacia un molde (5) con la forma definitiva a conseguir. En el momento en que comienza a tomar contacto el conjunto con el molde (5), la bolsa de silicona (4) inferior va cediendo a la forma del mismo, y redistribuye el aire a presión sobre el resto de las bolsas (4) superior e inferior, conservando así una presión constante en toda la superficie de la lámina (1) e impidiendo que se produzca una dispersión del cristal líquido (1c), y al mismo tiempo, dando forma a las láminas transparentes (1a) que, gracias a la combinación de temperatura y tensión suministrada por los tensores (3) perimetrales, va adquiriendo la forma adecuada. Subsequently, the assembly is subjected to a controlled temperature increase, and once the convenient point has been reached, the assembly moves towards a mold (5) with the definitive shape to be achieved. As soon as the assembly begins to make contact with the mold (5), the lower silicone bag (4) is releasing to its shape, and redistributes the pressurized air over the rest of the upper bags (4) and lower, thus maintaining a constant pressure on the entire surface of the sheet (1) and preventing the dispersion of the liquid crystal (1c), and at the same time, forming the transparent sheets (1a) which, thanks to the combination of temperature and voltage supplied by the perimeter tensioners (3), acquires the appropriate form.
Este proceso se hace a una velocidad tal, que permite que la lámina PDLC (1) se adapte al molde (5) inferior sin pliegues, pues está sometida a una presión constante y correctamente homogénea. Si se produjeran, dichos pliegues estarían localizados únicamente en la zona sometida a tensión por los tensores (3), que es una zona a desechar. This process is done at such a speed, that it allows the PDLC sheet (1) to adapt to the lower mold (5) without folds, since it is subjected to a constant and correctly homogeneous pressure. If they occur, said folds would be located only in the area under tension by the tensioners (3), which is an area to be discarded.
Una vez alcanzado el final del recorrido, se enfría el conjunto de manera controlada hasta la temperatura ambiente, siendo el resultado una lámina PDLC (1) curvada de manera esférica y con un espesor constante en toda su superficie, sobre todo en la capa de cristal líquido (1c), que es la que le confiere de sus características. Once the end of the path has been reached, the assembly is cooled in a controlled manner to room temperature, the result being a spherical PDLC sheet (1) with a constant thickness throughout its surface, especially in the glass layer liquid (1c), which is what gives it its characteristics.
La invención ha sido probada en la realización de un parabrisas para el vehículo modelo Spano de la empresa GTA (ver figura 3). Dicho parabrisas abarca, en una sola unidad, la zona habitual de ocupación más el techo del vehículo, siendo de unas dimensiones muy superiores a lo habitual, y con una morfología de carácter esférico, siguiendo de manera fiel los diseños establecidos previamente. En este parabrisas, utilizando las técnicas anteriormente descritas, se consigue incorporar tanto en el techo como en la zona de los parasoles las láminas de PDLC con éxito, cumpliendo la funcionalidad buscada, es decir, en la zona del techo la opacidad variable para permitir o bloquear de manera gradual y a voluntad el paso de la luz y el calor, y de igual manera en la zona de parasoles, sin el concurso de ningún elemento adicional externo para bloquear los rayos solares, y todo perfectamente integrado en el vidrio, el cual es liso por ambas caras. The invention has been tested in the realization of a windshield for the Spano model vehicle of the company GTA (see figure 3). Said windshield covers, in a single unit, the usual area of occupation plus the roof of the vehicle, being of dimensions much higher than usual, and with a spherical morphology, faithfully following the previously established designs. In this windshield, using the techniques described above, it is possible to incorporate both PDLC sheets in the roof and in the area of the parasols, fulfilling the functionality sought, that is, in the roof area the variable opacity to allow or gradually and willingly block the passage of light and heat, and in the same way in the area of parasols, without the contest of any additional external element to block the sun's rays, and everything perfectly integrated in the glass, which is smooth on both sides.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2012/070360 WO2013175025A1 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2012-05-21 | Method for obtaining curved transparent elements with integrated variable opacity system and product thereby obtained. |
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| ES2529236A1 ES2529236A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| ES2529236B2 true ES2529236B2 (en) | 2015-10-19 |
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| US9365161B2 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2016-06-14 | Mario Arturo Mannheim Astete | Panoramic extended windshield with integrated non-moving blind |
| EP3498452A3 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-08-28 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for forming three-dimensional curved surface on laminated substrate, and three-dimensional curved laminated substrate |
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| JPS59140422A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1984-08-11 | Sharp Corp | Manufacture of flexible liquid crystal display element |
| JPS62238526A (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-10-19 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | Manufacture of liquid crystal display element with curved surface |
| EP2124097A4 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-09-08 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Light control film and light control glass |
| JP2008175914A (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-31 | Sharp Corp | Method for manufacturing curved surface liquid crystal cell and method for manufacturing curved surface liquid crystal panel |
| WO2009008111A1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-15 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Device and method for producing display panel |
| WO2011146058A1 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2011-11-24 | Versaglass, Llc | Electro-optical switchable window |
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