ES2317728B1 - METHOD OF OBTAINING HYDROGEN BY DISODITION OF WATER. - Google Patents
METHOD OF OBTAINING HYDROGEN BY DISODITION OF WATER. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2317728B1 ES2317728B1 ES200600984A ES200600984A ES2317728B1 ES 2317728 B1 ES2317728 B1 ES 2317728B1 ES 200600984 A ES200600984 A ES 200600984A ES 200600984 A ES200600984 A ES 200600984A ES 2317728 B1 ES2317728 B1 ES 2317728B1
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- hydrogen
- dissociation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
Método de obtención de hidrógeno por disociación
de
agua.Method of obtaining hydrogen by dissociation of
Water.
La patente de invención tiene por objeto, tal y como su título indica, un método de obtención de hidrógeno por disociación de agua, que estando destinado a la obtención masiva de hidrógeno, utilizable como combustible se establecen dos fases operativas, una primera de calentamiento progresivo para transformar el agua en vapor recalentado, y una segunda fase, de disociación propiamente dicha, en la que el hidrógeno y el oxígeno se separan mediante la aplicación de radiaciones electromagnéticas.The object of the invention patent is, as and as its title indicates, a method of obtaining hydrogen by water dissociation, which being destined to obtain massive hydrogen, usable as fuel two phases are established operational, a first progressive heating for transform water into reheated steam, and a second phase, of dissociation itself, in which hydrogen and oxygen are separated by the application of radiation electromagnetic
Description
Método de obtención de hidrógeno por disociación de agua.Method of obtaining hydrogen by dissociation of water.
La presente invención se refiere a un método para la obtención masiva de hidrógeno, mediante disociación del agua, con la finalidad de obtener un combustible de alto rendimiento y no contaminante, que sustituya a los clásicos combustibles a base de carbono.The present invention relates to a method for the massive obtaining of hydrogen, by dissociation of the water, in order to obtain a high fuel performance and non-polluting, replacing the classics carbon based fuels.
En la actualidad se utilizan fundamentalmente como combustible los derivados del petróleo, altamente contaminantes, que producen grandes cantidades de monóxido de carbono (CO) y anhídrido carbónico (CO_{2}), gases que además de la contaminación directa que suponen en su emisión, al ser menos pesados que el aire ascienden hasta las capas altas de la atmósfera donde se depositan creándose una pantalla que, atravesada inicialmente por los rayos solares, genera un efecto barrera cuando dichos rayos se reflejan en la tierra, es decir generan el comúnmente llamado "efecto invernadero", que hace aumentar la temperatura de la tierra con el consecuente deshielo de las masas polares, subida del nivel de los océanos, etc.They are currently used primarily as fuel oil derivatives, highly pollutants, which produce large amounts of monoxide of carbon (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), gases that in addition to the direct contamination that they suppose in their emission, being less heavy that the air ascend to the upper layers of the atmosphere where they are deposited creating a screen that, crossed initially by the sun's rays, it generates a barrier effect when these rays are reflected in the earth, that is to say they generate the commonly called "greenhouse effect", which increases the Earth temperature with the consequent melting of the masses polar, rise in ocean level, etc.
Otro problema de la utilización como combustible de los productos derivados del petróleo se centra en el hecho de que aquellos países que tienen yacimientos al respecto se enriquecen a expensas de las necesidades energéticas de aquellos otros países que carecen de tales yacimientos, pudiendo incluso llegarse a situaciones abusivas.Another problem of using as fuel of petroleum products focuses on the fact that those countries that have deposits in this regard will enrich at the expense of the energy needs of those other countries that lack such deposits, being able even get into abusive situations.
Por otro lado son conocidas las propiedades energéticas del hidrógeno, cuyo poder calórico es muy superior al de cualquier hidrocarburo y que al arder, utilizando oxigeno como comburente, se combina con éste último para convertirse en agua, dando lugar a un residuo evidentemente no contaminante en absoluto.On the other hand the properties are known energy sources of hydrogen, whose caloric power is much higher than of any hydrocarbon and that when burning, using oxygen as oxidizing, it combines with the latter to become water, resulting in a clearly non-polluting residue in absolute.
Dentro de la amplia gama de soluciones conocidas para la obtención de hidrógeno, destacan fundamentalmente dos, cuando se trata de obtener hidrógeno en cantidades industriales.Within the wide range of known solutions in order to obtain hydrogen, two fundamentally stand out, when it comes to getting hydrogen in quantities Industrial
Una de ellas consiste en la conversión a alta temperatura y en presencia de catalizadores, de mezclas de hidrocarburos-vapor de agua, de manera que, suponiendo que dicho hidrocarburo fuese por ejemplo el propano, la reacción sería:One of them is the conversion to high temperature and in the presence of catalysts, of mixtures of hydrocarbons-water vapor, so that, assuming that said hydrocarbon was for example propane, the reaction would be:
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Otra solución parte de la combinación de vapor de agua y el carbón al rojo, según la siguiente reacción:Another solution starts from the steam combination of water and red coal, according to the following reaction:
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\vskip1.000000\baselineskip\ vskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
Como salta a la vista el denominador común a cualquiera de estos métodos es la obtención, conjuntamente con el hidrógeno, de residuos altamente contaminantes como lo son el monóxido de carbono o el anhídrido carbónico.How the common denominator comes to view any of these methods is obtaining, together with the hydrogen, from highly polluting waste such as the carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
Partiendo del hecho de que el hidrógeno resulta especialmente idóneo como combustible, no solo porque no contamina en absoluto sino también porque produce 34.500 Kcal/Kg. frente a las 4.100 a 4.800 de el Gas de Coque (Carbón de Piedra) o las 10.150 a 11.150 de la gasolina, el método de la invención está orientado a que el proceso de obtención del citado hidrógeno se produzca también en ausencia de residuos contaminantes.Starting from the fact that hydrogen results especially suitable as fuel, not only because it does not pollute at all but also because it produces 34,500 Kcal / Kg. in front of 4,100 to 4,800 of Coke Gas (Stone Coal) or 10,150 to 11,150 of gasoline, the method of the invention is oriented to that the process of obtaining said hydrogen occurs also in the absence of contaminating residues.
Para ello y de forma mas concreta el método que se preconiza no utiliza ningún compuesto en el que intervenga el carbono ni ninguna otra sustancia que pueda ser perjudicial al medio ambiente, utilizando como materia prima el agua, de fácil accesibilidad en cualquier lugar del mundo, disociando de la misma el hidrógeno y el oxigeno y utilizando para ello energía eólica, cuya disponibilidad es prácticamente ilimitada.To do this and more specifically the method that it is recommended not to use any compound in which the carbon or any other substance that may be harmful to environment, using as raw material water, easy accessibility anywhere in the world, dissociating from it hydrogen and oxygen and using wind energy, whose availability is virtually unlimited.
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Especialmente se ha previsto que la disociación del agua se lleve a cabo en dos fases: una primera fase de calentamiento mediante cualquier procedimiento convencional y que a título informativo podemos nombrar a los Hornos de Inducción a los que se dotará de alimentación constante de agua, y una segunda fase de disociación propiamente dicha, llevada a cabo mediante técnicas de radiaciones electromagnéticas de alta frecuencia y utilizando al efecto, preferentemente, la energía eólica.Especially it is expected that dissociation of water is carried out in two phases: a first phase of heating by any conventional procedure and that to informative title we can name the Induction Furnaces to which will be provided with constant water supply, and a second phase of dissociation itself, carried out by techniques of high frequency electromagnetic radiation and using the effect, preferably, wind energy.
En la primera fase del procedimiento y en función de los aparatos calefactores a emplear, puede conseguirse vapor de agua sobrecalentado a una temperatura superior a 3.000ºC, ó mas si se emplease seguidamente el calor desarrollado por un Arco Voltaico, mientras que en la segunda fase la tecnología actual permite obtener radiaciones electromagnéticas de altísima frecuencia, comprendidas entre 10^{16} y 10^{20} Hz/s. y hacer pasar esa radiación a través del vapor de agua sobrecalentado y saturado, utilizando como fuente energética al respecto un aerogenerador, de potencia adecuada.In the first phase of the procedure and in function of the heating devices to be used, can be achieved superheated water vapor at a temperature above 3,000 ° C, or more if the heat developed by an Arc is then used Voltaic, while in the second phase the current technology allows to obtain electromagnetic radiation of the highest frequency, between 10 16 and 10 20 Hz / s. and do pass that radiation through the superheated steam and saturated, using as an energy source in this regard a wind turbine, of adequate power.
En la segunda fase del procedimiento, una vez conseguida la disociación, el hidrógeno y el oxígeno se separan mediante electrodos, uno de ellos en función de ánodo y otro de cátodo, que atraigan respectivamente a los citados componentes debido a su diferente polaridad eléctrica, siendo bombeados hasta su licuefacción y almacenados en depósitos adecuados.In the second phase of the procedure, once achieved the dissociation, hydrogen and oxygen are separated by means of electrodes, one of them in function of anode and another one of cathode, which attract the aforementioned components respectively due to its different electrical polarity, being pumped until its liquefaction and stored in adequate deposits.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, una hoja única de planos en la que con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo y en su única figura, se ha representado un esquema correspondiente a una instalación para la puesta en práctica del método de obtención de hidrógeno por disociación de agua mediante radiaciones electromagnéticas de diferentes frecuencias, que constituye el objeto de la presente invención.To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to an example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a single sheet of plans in which with illustrative and non-limiting nature and in its only figure, it has represented a scheme corresponding to an installation for the implementation of the method of obtaining hydrogen by water dissociation by electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies, which is the subject of this invention.
Para la puesta en práctica de la primera fase del procedimiento, la de calentamiento del agua, puede utilizarse un horno solar parabólico, como el instalado en Mont Louis en el Pirineo Francés o el instalado en Odeillo (Font Romeu), cuyo rendimiento es de 1.000 kW de energía y con el que se consigue alcanzar una temperatura de 3.000°C, precisando para su funcionamiento una potencia de 12 kW. aunque su rendimiento solo sería útil en horas de sol.For the implementation of the first phase of the procedure, water heating, can be used a parabolic solar oven, like the one installed in Mont Louis in the French Pyrenees or the one installed in Odeillo (Font Romeu), whose performance is 1,000 kW of energy and with which it is achieved reach a temperature of 3,000 ° C, specifying for its operating a power of 12 kW. although its performance only It would be useful in sunny hours.
De forma mas concreta y partiendo de vapor de agua sobrecalentado, sabemos por estar ya experimentado que al llegar a 1.000°C se consigue una disociación del orden del 2%, alcanzados los 2.000°C el nivel de disociación es del orden del 12% en presencia de oxidantes, sin haberse realizado experiencias con niveles superiores de temperatura a los que se ha hecho mención anteriormente, cuya aplicación debe en buena lógica originar disociaciones considerablemente altas. Así, por ejemplo, un Horno de Inducción (1) puede alcanzar 3.000°C. o mas.More specifically and starting with steam from superheated water, we know from being already experienced that by to reach 1,000 ° C a dissociation of the order of 2% is achieved, reached 2,000 ° C the level of dissociation is of the order of 12% in the presence of oxidants, without having carried out experiences with higher levels of temperature than mentioned previously, whose application must in good logic originate considerably high dissociations. So, for example, an oven of Induction (1) can reach 3,000 ° C. or more.
Si la aportación de agua (2) al interior del horno es constante, irá aumentando proporcionalmente la producción de vapor sobrecalentado, según el tiempo de permanencia en su interior y consecuentemente aumentaría la presión sobre las paredes internas del crisol el cual deberá ser suficientemente resistentes para soportarla, También dispondrá de sistemas de refrigeración adecuados para evitar su deterioro.If the water supply (2) inside the oven is constant, the production will increase proportionally of superheated steam, depending on the residence time in your interior and consequently increase the pressure on the walls internal of the crucible which must be sufficiently resistant To support it, you will also have cooling systems suitable to prevent deterioration.
La tapa del horno (3) que sellaría la capacidad del mismo, tendría interiormente forma cóncava o cónica, etc. presentando en su cenit un orificio donde se aloja una o mas válvulas (4) que se abren o cierran según sea la presión del vapor. Un símil para su mejor entendimiento sería la semejanza con una olla exprés con una o mas válvulas de seguridad.The oven cover (3) that would seal the capacity of the same, it would have concave or conical shape, etc. presenting at its zenith a hole where one or more is housed valves (4) that open or close according to the steam pressure. A simile for your best understanding would be the similarity with a Express pot with one or more safety valves.
El chorro de vapor a alta temperatura que saliera, iría conducido mediante materiales refractarios (12), porcelanas u otros materiales a semejanza de las placas que protegen el morro del "Challenger" (5) en su reentrada a la atmósfera que resisten temperaturas muy elevadas, hasta una cámara donde se alojan los electrodos (6), preferentemente metálicos, de un Arco Voltaico (7) protegidos por una refrigeración eficiente ya que puede alcanzar los 5.000°C. El vapor, al atravesar dicho arco, adquirirá mayor temperatura y en consecuencia aumentaría el porcentaje de disociación del vapor de agua.The high temperature steam jet that out, would be conducted by refractory materials (12), porcelains or other materials similar to the plates that protect the nose of the "Challenger" (5) in its reentry to the atmosphere that withstands very high temperatures, up to a chamber where the electrodes (6), preferably metallic, of a Voltaic Arc (7) protected by efficient cooling already which can reach 5,000 ° C. The steam, crossing this arc, it will acquire a higher temperature and consequently increase the Water vapor dissociation percentage.
Para alcanzar la disociación total del agua entrante en el crisol se dispondrá encima del Arco Voltaico y a distancia conveniente un emisor de Ondas Electromagnéticas de Alta Frecuencia Ionizantes (8) las cuales chocarían enfrentadamente con el vapor que asciende por ese conducto. Como éstas emisiones son capaces de disociar el ADN humano con igual o mas garantías disociaría el poco vapor de agua que pudiera quedar como tal, convirtiéndolo en Hidrógeno y Oxígeno. La peligrosidad que representa la utilización de estas radiaciones electromagnéticas se eliminarían o evitarían con la protección envolvente de plomo (13) y medios de manipulación mediante autómatas. El vapor, llegado hasta este punto, al no tener salida, terminaría por disociarse. Este proceso es constante puesto que la entrada de agua en el horno también lo es.To achieve total water dissociation incoming into the crucible will be arranged above the Voltaic Arc and at Convenient distance a High Electromagnetic Wave emitter Ionizing Frequency (8) which would clash with the steam that rises through that duct. How these emissions are able to dissociate human DNA with equal or more guarantees it would dissociate the little water vapor that could remain as such, turning it into hydrogen and oxygen. The danger that represents the use of these electromagnetic radiation is would eliminate or avoid with lead protection (13) and means of manipulation by automatons. The steam arrived up to this point, having no way out, he would end up dissociating himself. This process is constant since the entry of water into the oven it is too.
Pudiera suceder que bien el dispositivo del Arco Voltaico no fuera necesario emplearlo al usar la radiaciones electromagnéticas, o viceversa, no tener necesidad de utilizar estas últimas al emplear las primeras.It could happen that well the Arc device Voltaic was not necessary to use when using radiation Electromagnetic, or vice versa, have no need to use the latter when using the first.
Cada uno de los pasos o fases que comprende el procedimiento irán protegidos adecuadamente por controles precisos y puntuales que garanticen su perfecto funcionamiento.Each of the steps or phases that comprise the procedure will be adequately protected by precise controls and punctual that guarantee its perfect operation.
La separación y extracción del hidrógeno y oxígeno se realiza mediante la introducción de electrodos (9) en el interior de cada tubería de aspiración (11) y al final de cada fase, atrayendo cada cual al elemento de signo opuesto, conduciéndolos por caminos diferentes, mediante bombas (10), que los transportan y comprimen hasta su licuefacción, almacenamiento, etc.The separation and extraction of hydrogen and oxygen is done by introducing electrodes (9) into the inside each suction pipe (11) and at the end of each phase, each attracting the opposite sign element, leading them on different paths, by means of pumps (10), which they transport and compress them until they are liquefied, stored, etc.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200600984A ES2317728B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | METHOD OF OBTAINING HYDROGEN BY DISODITION OF WATER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200600984A ES2317728B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | METHOD OF OBTAINING HYDROGEN BY DISODITION OF WATER. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2317728A1 ES2317728A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| ES2317728B1 true ES2317728B1 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
Family
ID=40513453
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200600984A Expired - Fee Related ES2317728B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | METHOD OF OBTAINING HYDROGEN BY DISODITION OF WATER. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2317728B1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1585527A (en) * | 1976-07-06 | 1981-03-04 | Century Mfg Co | Process and apparatus for generating hydrogen and oxygen from water |
| DE2733444A1 (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-02-08 | Interatom | MAGNETODYNAMIC AUTO ELECTROLYSIS |
| FR2664887B2 (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1993-08-20 | Chamond Jean | MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM WATER VAPOR. |
| JP2002226201A (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-08-14 | Takeshi Hatanaka | Production method for hydrogen and apparatus therefor |
| US20020100836A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-01 | Hunt Robert Daniel | Hydrogen and oxygen battery, or hudrogen and oxygen to fire a combustion engine and/or for commerce. |
| US20060042955A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Villalobos Victor M | Arc-hydrolysis fuel generator with supplemental energy recovery |
| HUP0402015A2 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2007-11-28 | Roszol Janos | Method and installation for decompozition of water |
-
2006
- 2006-04-19 ES ES200600984A patent/ES2317728B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ES2317728A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
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