EP3869148A1 - Apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrothecnic smoke and cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrothecnic smoke - Google Patents
Apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrothecnic smoke and cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrothecnic smoke Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3869148A1 EP3869148A1 EP21000040.2A EP21000040A EP3869148A1 EP 3869148 A1 EP3869148 A1 EP 3869148A1 EP 21000040 A EP21000040 A EP 21000040A EP 3869148 A1 EP3869148 A1 EP 3869148A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- smoke
- generating
- generating material
- supply
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009814 Luffa aegyptiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001236212 Pinus pinaster Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005105 Pinus pinaster Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 fibres Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000280244 Luffa acutangula Species 0.000 claims 2
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000219138 Luffa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003956 Luffa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000302544 Luffa aegyptiaca Species 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004509 smoke generator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
- F41H9/08—Smoke-pots without propulsive charge, i.e. stationary
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63J—DEVICES FOR THEATRES, CIRCUSES, OR THE LIKE; CONJURING APPLIANCES OR THE LIKE
- A63J5/00—Auxiliaries for producing special effects on stages, or in circuses or arenas
- A63J5/02—Arrangements for making stage effects; Auxiliary stage appliances
- A63J5/025—Devices for making mist or smoke effects, e.g. with liquid air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrotechnic smoke and a cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke.
- the present invention relates to the smoke generation.
- the present invention relates to smoke generation apparatuses and devices for creating smoke effects.
- US-A-5,220,637 relating to a gas heater incorporated in gas displacement means, such as a fan, is known.
- the heater can be an electric, superheated steam, or infrared heater.
- the gas displacement means can be a conventional blower, the fan speed and the power to the electric heaters controlled by conventional controllers to provide the temperature necessary for the ignition of combustion.
- DE-A1-10 215 159 is also known and concerns compositions for the production of smoke that do not self-initiate or polymerize, and in which the frontal polymerization reaction is self-sufficient once the reaction has started.
- Smoke bombs are mainly pyrotechnic articles containing substances that contain within them, in the right stoichiometric ratios, both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent and which therefore, once triggered, cannot be extinguished except by the exhaustion of one of the two agents.
- This combination of substances is typical of explosives or explosive mixtures of substances intended to produce at least one of a calorific, light, sound, gaseous, smoke effect or a combination of these effects thanks to self-maintained exothermic chemical reactions.
- Pyrotechnic articles have severe limitations in transport, storage and authorizations for production, import, export.
- a problem present in the production of smoke products mainly but not limited to, in the field of security systems, is that of being able to classify smoke products as non-pyrotechnic, of free and easy production, sale, storage and transport.
- a further problem is that of being able to produce smoke products that do not require an exothermic chemical reaction that is self-maintained internally or of explosive substances or a mixture of these substances to activate and generate the smoke of the apparatus.
- the main object of the present invention is solving the aforementioned prior art problems by producing smoke products, in the field of security systems, which are not classifiable as pyrotechnic and which therefore are free and easy to manufacture, sale, store and transport.
- a further object is producing smoke products which do not require an internally self-maintained exothermic chemical reaction, or of explosive substances, or of a mixture of explosive substances to activate and generate smoke.
- a further object is providing a cartridge containing material which, following the initiation and forced maintenance of a chemical reaction, e.g. combustion, generates smoke.
- a further object is providing a cartridge equipped inside with an appropriate disposable resistor or a reusable multipurpose resistor for several shots of smoke, connected to the main body of the smoke bomb, or even more resistors, to possible electronic control units and related wiring and containers for the product.
- a controlled apparatus for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke comprises a stock of smoke generating material, reducing agent or fuel 1, means 4' for directing a combustive gas or air, oxidizing gas or oxidizing agent, towards the stock of smoke-generating material 1 to be able to touch the smoke-generating material, heating means 3 at a temperature sufficient to trigger and possibly sustain the chemical reaction capable of generating smoke in the vicinity of the smoke-generating material, a controller 4 of the directing means of a gas or air 4' and of the heating means 3 to allow obtaining a generation of smoke.
- the controller 4 allows inhibiting the operation of at least one medium selected between the directing means of a combustive gas or air 4' and the heating means 3, consequently causing the cessation of any exothermic chemical reaction present therein and the generation of smoke.
- the supply of smoke-generating material 1 consists of a mixture, possibly added, of conductive and/or oxidizing materials combined in such a way as not to be able to self-maintain a chemical reaction without at least the directing of an oxidizing gas or air towards the smoke generating material supply 1 and/or a heater of the smoke generating material supply 1.
- the means for directing a gas or air 4' towards the supply of smoke-generating material 1 belong to a forced ventilation and/or introduction system.
- the heating means 3 are constituted, as a non-limiting example, of at least one low-power electrical resistance.
- a cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke suitable for making the supply of smoke-generating material 1 of a non-pyrotechnic smoke-generating apparatus, can be of a type chosen from solid, granular, compact, porous, channelled, containing materials such as resins, fibres, waxes, and substances used for the generation of smoke, such as materials of vegetable origin or in any case with a lower environmental impact and without particular problems relating to storage.
- the cartridge may be equipped with at least one disposable consumable or mixture.
- the cartridge can be provided with at least one electrical resistance belonging to the heating means 3.
- the cartridge comprises corn cobs, ground and with a grain size of between 1.5 and 6.0 millimetres.
- the cartridge comprises a fibrous and dried Luffa component, such as Luffa cylindrica.
- the cartridge comprises a raw jute fabric, combined with untreated cardboard in sheets or shredded, in an amount equal to about 20-30% with respect to jute.
- the cartridge comprises bark mulch, such as maritime pine or spruce, preferably combined with shredded untreated cardboard, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the bark.
- bark mulch such as maritime pine or spruce
- the cartridge comprises dehydrated alfalfa pellets, preferably combined with shredded and de-fibrated straw, chopping from 30 to 100 millimetres, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the pellet.
- the cartridge comprises granular incense resin, preferably combined with shredded and brittle straw, shredding from 30 to 100 millimetres, in an amount equal to about 10-15% of the pellet.
- the cartridge comprises corn cobs mixed with chopped and brittle straw, or bark mulch combined with alfalfa pellets and chopped cardboard, in variable ratios ranging from 90:10 to 60:40.
- the apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrotechnic smoke and the cartridge of smoke generator material, object of the present invention, allow achieving the intended purposes.
- the innovation consists in the fact that the generation of smoke stops in the absence of the supply of air or gas through the forced entry/ventilation system and/or in the absence of heating means.
- the ignition of the compound that generates the smoke can take place by means of a simple electrical resistance of suitable power and positioned in suitable ways.
- the amount of energy required is typically higher than that used on pyrotechnic systems.
- the material that generates smoke inside the cartridge is suitably arranged to allow the passage of air or gas through a ventilation system and/or forced entry.
- a possible embodiment of the system consists in a casing 6 made of non-flammable material (for example a metal cylinder), whose function is containing the active material 7, which is crossed by a network of channels 8 which allow the passage of air suitably circulated by a fan 4' actuated by a motor 3' .
- a casing 6 made of non-flammable material (for example a metal cylinder), whose function is containing the active material 7, which is crossed by a network of channels 8 which allow the passage of air suitably circulated by a fan 4' actuated by a motor 3' .
- the active material 7 is composed of a mixture of one or more combustible substances and one or more oxidizing substances (which generate/give away oxygen), these latter ones however in lower amounts than the correct stoichiometric ratio, in order to prevent the reaction from self-supporting if external air does not enter any more in the environment, inserted in the system through a fan.
- the system thus composed is intrinsically safe because it is enough to turn off the fan and the reaction stops automatically.
- one or more substances, inert or not, can be added to the active material 7, acting as catalyst, stabilizer, retarder, accelerator, dye, in any proportion of the total mass of the block.
- the electric resistance 5 has the purpose of bringing the active material 7 to a temperature such as to allow it to be ignited in the presence of sufficient oxygen supply from the outside.
- An example of practical realization of the resistance can be a wire of an alloy containing, in proportions varying from 0% to 100%, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, aluminum or other metallic elements or not.
- the wire can be buried during construction in a block of active material 7 in order to heat it by thermal conduction and the power of the igniter can be included, by way of example, between 5 W and 200 W depending on the materials and configuration chosen.
- the system is fully electrically controllable by means of first terminals 1' connected to the motor 3' that sets the fan 4' in motion, and second terminals 2' connected to the electrical resistance 5. Furthermore, scattered throughout the system, there may be one or more sensors (not shown) of different types to effectively control the combustion process.
- the object of the present invention consists in the realization of a device capable of generating the ignition of the compound that generates the smoke by means of a simple electrical resistance, of suitable power, positioned in suitable ways, combined with a material or mixture of materials to generate smoke inside a cartridge.
- This cartridge is placed so that it can be crossed and/or lapped by forced air/gas by a forced ventilation and/or intake system.
- the material is equipped with channels to facilitate the flow of air/gas that passes through it.
- the chemical reaction underlying the operation of the device is a reaction that does not sustain itself in the absence of the operation of the ventilation system and/or of the thermal energy supplied, by way of example and not limited to, by at least one electrical resistance.
- the device can integrate one or more ventilation and/or air/gas systems.
- the material contained inside the cartridge can be solid, granular, compact, porous, channelled.
- the material may comprise a smoke-generating mixture, optionally added with conductive material, a fluid.
- the material can comprise a compound containing oxidants or a combination of them so as not to self-maintain the reaction in the absence of forced entry of air/gas and/or of thermal energy from the outside.
- the materials contained in the cartridge can be resins, fibres, waxes, etc.
- the material used is represented by maize cobs, ground and with a particle size between 1500 and 6000 micrometres.
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- the material used is represented by the fibrous and dried component of Luffa, for example Luffa cylindrica.
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- the material used is represented by raw jute fabric, combined with untreated cardboard in sheets or shredded, in an amount equal to about 20-30% with respect to jute.
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- the material used is represented by bark mulch, such as maritime pine or spruce, preferably combined with shredded untreated cardboard, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the bark.
- bark mulch such as maritime pine or spruce
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- the material used is represented by dehydrated alfalfa pellets, preferably combined with chopped and de-fibrated straw, 3-10 cm shredded, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the pellet.
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- the material used is represented by granular incense resin, preferably combined with chopped and de-fibrated straw (3-10 cm shredding), in an amount equal to about 10-15% of the pellet.
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- the material used is represented by calibrated mixtures of the materials described above.
- the component used in the cartridge may be represented by corn cobs mixed with chopped and brittle straw, or bark mulch combined with alfalfa pellets and chopped cardboard, in variable ratios between 90:10 and 60:40.
- the material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrotechnic smoke and a cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke.
- Generally, the present invention relates to the smoke generation.
- In particular, the present invention relates to smoke generation apparatuses and devices for creating smoke effects.
-
US-A-5,220,637 relating to a gas heater incorporated in gas displacement means, such as a fan, is known. The heater can be an electric, superheated steam, or infrared heater. The gas displacement means can be a conventional blower, the fan speed and the power to the electric heaters controlled by conventional controllers to provide the temperature necessary for the ignition of combustion. -
DE-A1-10 215 159 is also known and concerns compositions for the production of smoke that do not self-initiate or polymerize, and in which the frontal polymerization reaction is self-sufficient once the reaction has started. - Smoke bombs are mainly pyrotechnic articles containing substances that contain within them, in the right stoichiometric ratios, both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent and which therefore, once triggered, cannot be extinguished except by the exhaustion of one of the two agents. This combination of substances is typical of explosives or explosive mixtures of substances intended to produce at least one of a calorific, light, sound, gaseous, smoke effect or a combination of these effects thanks to self-maintained exothermic chemical reactions.
- Pyrotechnic articles have severe limitations in transport, storage and authorizations for production, import, export.
- A problem present in the production of smoke products, mainly but not limited to, in the field of security systems, is that of being able to classify smoke products as non-pyrotechnic, of free and easy production, sale, storage and transport.
- A further problem is that of being able to produce smoke products that do not require an exothermic chemical reaction that is self-maintained internally or of explosive substances or a mixture of these substances to activate and generate the smoke of the apparatus.
- The main object of the present invention is solving the aforementioned prior art problems by producing smoke products, in the field of security systems, which are not classifiable as pyrotechnic and which therefore are free and easy to manufacture, sale, store and transport.
- A further object is producing smoke products which do not require an internally self-maintained exothermic chemical reaction, or of explosive substances, or of a mixture of explosive substances to activate and generate smoke.
- A further object is providing a cartridge containing material which, following the initiation and forced maintenance of a chemical reaction, e.g. combustion, generates smoke.
- A further object is providing a cartridge equipped inside with an appropriate disposable resistor or a reusable multipurpose resistor for several shots of smoke, connected to the main body of the smoke bomb, or even more resistors, to possible electronic control units and related wiring and containers for the product.
- The above and other objects and advantages of the invention, as will emerge from the following description, are achieved with a controlled non-pyrotechnic smoke generation apparatus and with a cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke as claimed in the respective independent claims.
- Preferred embodiments and non-trivial variants of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
- It is understood that all enclosed claims form an integral part of the present description.
- It will be immediately obvious that innumerable variations and modifications (for example relating to shape, dimensions, arrangements and parts with equivalent functionality) can be made to what has been described without departing from the scope of the invention as appears from the attached claims.
- The present invention will be better described by some preferred embodiments, provided by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the controlled apparatus for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke according to the present invention; -
FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention; and -
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the apparatus ofFIG. 2 . - Referring to
FIG. 1 , it is possible to note that a controlled apparatus for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke comprises a stock of smoke generating material, reducing agent or fuel 1, means 4' for directing a combustive gas or air, oxidizing gas or oxidizing agent, towards the stock of smoke-generating material 1 to be able to touch the smoke-generating material, heating means 3 at a temperature sufficient to trigger and possibly sustain the chemical reaction capable of generating smoke in the vicinity of the smoke-generating material, a controller 4 of the directing means of a gas or air 4' and of the heating means 3 to allow obtaining a generation of smoke. - Advantageously, the controller 4 allows inhibiting the operation of at least one medium selected between the directing means of a combustive gas or air 4' and the heating means 3, consequently causing the cessation of any exothermic chemical reaction present therein and the generation of smoke.
- The supply of smoke-generating material 1 consists of a mixture, possibly added, of conductive and/or oxidizing materials combined in such a way as not to be able to self-maintain a chemical reaction without at least the directing of an oxidizing gas or air towards the smoke generating material supply 1 and/or a heater of the smoke generating material supply 1.
- The means for directing a gas or air 4' towards the supply of smoke-generating material 1 belong to a forced ventilation and/or introduction system.
- The heating means 3 are constituted, as a non-limiting example, of at least one low-power electrical resistance.
- A cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrotechnic smoke, suitable for making the supply of smoke-generating material 1 of a non-pyrotechnic smoke-generating apparatus, can be of a type chosen from solid, granular, compact, porous, channelled, containing materials such as resins, fibres, waxes, and substances used for the generation of smoke, such as materials of vegetable origin or in any case with a lower environmental impact and without particular problems relating to storage.
- The cartridge may be equipped with at least one disposable consumable or mixture.
- Furthermore, the cartridge can be provided with at least one electrical resistance belonging to the heating means 3.
- According to a first embodiment, the cartridge comprises corn cobs, ground and with a grain size of between 1.5 and 6.0 millimetres.
- According to a further embodiment, the cartridge comprises a fibrous and dried Luffa component, such as Luffa cylindrica.
- According to a third embodiment, the cartridge comprises a raw jute fabric, combined with untreated cardboard in sheets or shredded, in an amount equal to about 20-30% with respect to jute.
- According to a further embodiment, the cartridge comprises bark mulch, such as maritime pine or spruce, preferably combined with shredded untreated cardboard, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the bark.
- According to a further embodiment, the cartridge comprises dehydrated alfalfa pellets, preferably combined with shredded and de-fibrated straw, chopping from 30 to 100 millimetres, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the pellet.
- According to a further embodiment, the cartridge comprises granular incense resin, preferably combined with shredded and brittle straw, shredding from 30 to 100 millimetres, in an amount equal to about 10-15% of the pellet.
- According to a further embodiment, the cartridge comprises corn cobs mixed with chopped and brittle straw, or bark mulch combined with alfalfa pellets and chopped cardboard, in variable ratios ranging from 90:10 to 60:40.
- The apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrotechnic smoke and the cartridge of smoke generator material, object of the present invention, allow achieving the intended purposes.
- The innovation consists in the fact that the generation of smoke stops in the absence of the supply of air or gas through the forced entry/ventilation system and/or in the absence of heating means.
- The ignition of the compound that generates the smoke can take place by means of a simple electrical resistance of suitable power and positioned in suitable ways. The amount of energy required is typically higher than that used on pyrotechnic systems. The material that generates smoke inside the cartridge is suitably arranged to allow the passage of air or gas through a ventilation system and/or forced entry.
- A possible embodiment of the system, as shown in
FIG. 2 and 3 , consists in acasing 6 made of non-flammable material (for example a metal cylinder), whose function is containing theactive material 7, which is crossed by a network ofchannels 8 which allow the passage of air suitably circulated by a fan 4' actuated by a motor 3' . Inserted inside theactive material 7 there is anelectric resistance 5 whose purpose is triggering and keeping an oxidation reaction whose fumes, pushed out by the fan 4', will limit the visibility of people present in the environment in which the fog-generating device is placed. - The
active material 7 is composed of a mixture of one or more combustible substances and one or more oxidizing substances (which generate/give away oxygen), these latter ones however in lower amounts than the correct stoichiometric ratio, in order to prevent the reaction from self-supporting if external air does not enter any more in the environment, inserted in the system through a fan. The system thus composed is intrinsically safe because it is enough to turn off the fan and the reaction stops automatically. - In addition to the two materials described above, one or more substances, inert or not, can be added to the
active material 7, acting as catalyst, stabilizer, retarder, accelerator, dye, in any proportion of the total mass of the block. - The
electric resistance 5 has the purpose of bringing theactive material 7 to a temperature such as to allow it to be ignited in the presence of sufficient oxygen supply from the outside. - An example of practical realization of the resistance can be a wire of an alloy containing, in proportions varying from 0% to 100%, iron, nickel, chromium, copper, aluminum or other metallic elements or not. The wire can be buried during construction in a block of
active material 7 in order to heat it by thermal conduction and the power of the igniter can be included, by way of example, between 5 W and 200 W depending on the materials and configuration chosen. - The system is fully electrically controllable by means of first terminals 1' connected to the motor 3' that sets the fan 4' in motion, and second terminals 2' connected to the
electrical resistance 5. Furthermore, scattered throughout the system, there may be one or more sensors (not shown) of different types to effectively control the combustion process. - The object of the present invention consists in the realization of a device capable of generating the ignition of the compound that generates the smoke by means of a simple electrical resistance, of suitable power, positioned in suitable ways, combined with a material or mixture of materials to generate smoke inside a cartridge. This cartridge is placed so that it can be crossed and/or lapped by forced air/gas by a forced ventilation and/or intake system. By way of example but not limited to, the material is equipped with channels to facilitate the flow of air/gas that passes through it.
- The chemical reaction underlying the operation of the device is a reaction that does not sustain itself in the absence of the operation of the ventilation system and/or of the thermal energy supplied, by way of example and not limited to, by at least one electrical resistance. The device can integrate one or more ventilation and/or air/gas systems.
- The material contained inside the cartridge can be solid, granular, compact, porous, channelled.
- The material may comprise a smoke-generating mixture, optionally added with conductive material, a fluid. Also the material can comprise a compound containing oxidants or a combination of them so as not to self-maintain the reaction in the absence of forced entry of air/gas and/or of thermal energy from the outside. Furthermore, there may be components that moderate this reaction, always in order to generate a reaction that is not self-maintained.
- By way of non-limiting example, the materials contained in the cartridge can be resins, fibres, waxes, etc.
- With regard to the substances used for the generation of smoke, materials of vegetable origin or in any case with a lower environmental impact and without particular problems relating to storage are preferred, but not exclusive.
- According to a first preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by maize cobs, ground and with a particle size between 1500 and 6000 micrometres. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- According to a second preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by the fibrous and dried component of Luffa, for example Luffa cylindrica. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- According to a third preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by raw jute fabric, combined with untreated cardboard in sheets or shredded, in an amount equal to about 20-30% with respect to jute. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- According to a fourth preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by bark mulch, such as maritime pine or spruce, preferably combined with shredded untreated cardboard, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the bark. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- According to a fifth preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by dehydrated alfalfa pellets, preferably combined with chopped and de-fibrated straw, 3-10 cm shredded, in an amount equal to about 15-25% with respect to the pellet. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- According to a sixth preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by granular incense resin, preferably combined with chopped and de-fibrated straw (3-10 cm shredding), in an amount equal to about 10-15% of the pellet. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
- According to a seventh preferred preparation procedure, the material used is represented by calibrated mixtures of the materials described above. By way of example, but not limited to, the component used in the cartridge may be represented by corn cobs mixed with chopped and brittle straw, or bark mulch combined with alfalfa pellets and chopped cardboard, in variable ratios between 90:10 and 60:40. The material is heated with resistance with power values, illustrative and not limiting, of 50-200 W; the smoke generated is conveyed with a forced ventilation system.
Claims (14)
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IT102020000003416A IT202000003416A1 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2020-02-19 | Non-pyrotechnic controlled smoke generation apparatus and cartridge of non-pyrotechnic smoke generation material |
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EP3869148A1 true EP3869148A1 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
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EP21000040.2A Pending EP3869148A1 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2021-02-08 | Apparatus for the controlled generation of non-pyrothecnic smoke and cartridge made of material for generating non-pyrothecnic smoke |
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WO2024107869A1 (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for a combustion special effect |
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US20180139974A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-24 | Mark Flood | Hand-held Smoke Generation Device |
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US6280278B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2001-08-28 | M.T.H. Electric Trains | Smoke generation system for model toy applications |
US9585981B2 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2017-03-07 | Fourth Arrow, LLC | Device for creating and distributing vaporized scent |
CN104833272B (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-06-22 | 西南大学 | A kind of smoke generating device |
WO2017041186A1 (en) * | 2015-09-13 | 2017-03-16 | Proflex+ Distribution Inc. | Inspection smoke machine |
US9841433B2 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-12-12 | Cirrus Outdoors, Llc | Wind direction indicator |
US20180368617A1 (en) * | 2017-06-25 | 2018-12-27 | Klaus Karl Allmendinger | Charcoal Grilling Insert for Pellet Barbecues |
CA3093362A1 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-15 | Traeger Pellet Grills Llc | Direct-current solid-fuel grill |
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2020
- 2020-02-19 IT IT102020000003416A patent/IT202000003416A1/en unknown
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- 2021-02-08 EP EP21000040.2A patent/EP3869148A1/en active Pending
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US5220637A (en) | 1992-06-26 | 1993-06-15 | Aai Corporation | Method and apparatus for controllably generating smoke |
DE10215159A1 (en) | 2002-04-07 | 2003-11-20 | Peter Lell | A fog making machine has a vertically mounted evaporator in a housing with a fluid inlet at the top and vapour outlet at the base. |
US20180139974A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-24 | Mark Flood | Hand-held Smoke Generation Device |
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WO2024107869A1 (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-23 | Universal City Studios Llc | Systems and methods for a combustion special effect |
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