EP3700695B1 - Process and apparatus for bulk metallic glass casting - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for bulk metallic glass casting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3700695B1 EP3700695B1 EP18789433.2A EP18789433A EP3700695B1 EP 3700695 B1 EP3700695 B1 EP 3700695B1 EP 18789433 A EP18789433 A EP 18789433A EP 3700695 B1 EP3700695 B1 EP 3700695B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- crucible
- melting
- coil
- mold
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- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 title description 6
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
- F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/2038—Heating, cooling or lubricating the injection unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/02—Hot chamber machines, i.e. with heated press chamber in which metal is melted
- B22D17/04—Plunger machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/203—Injection pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
- B22D25/06—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its physical properties
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/12—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for molding, in particular, a metallic glass.
- the invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, suitable for the manufacture of shells for electronic equipment, more particularly intended for smart telephones.
- metallic glasses which are in the form of an amorphous, non-crystallized or partially crystallized metal, which due to the absence of grain boundaries in the structure of the metal, exhibit characteristics of hardness, elasticity. and corrosion resistance, which make them particularly efficient for this type of application and make unnecessary the protective cases in which consumers wrap their smartphone to protect it from bumps, scratches and make it waterproof.
- such shells are obtained from a sheet of an amorphous metal alloy, which is shaped by a blow molding process, similar to the glass forming processes, in a die in the shape of said shell after having heated said sheet to a relatively low temperature compared to the temperature which it would be necessary to reach with the same crystallized metal alloy in order to obtain an equivalent forming.
- the methods of the prior art use a vacuum molding technique of a solid metallic glass alloy (“ Bulk Metallic Glass ” or BMG).
- BMG Bulk Metallic Glass
- the use of a BMG makes it possible to reduce the critical cooling rate allowing the material to solidify into an amorphous material.
- the material must be molded under conditions which avoid its contamination by impurities, in particular by nitrogen and oxygen.
- the melting and casting operations are carried out under vacuum or in a neutral atmosphere. The material is melted in a crucible by means of induction heating, then injected into the mold.
- the techniques of the prior art use either a crucible made of a material transparent to the magnetic field, such as a zirconia hollow, or a cold sectorized copper crucible.
- a channel generally referred to as an injection or casting crucible, enables the contents of the melting crucible to be placed in communication with the cavity of the mold while keeping the assembly under vacuum.
- the communication between the melting crucible and the injection crucible must be closed during the melting operation and then opened to allow casting, which is achieved by movable closing means, such as a trap, a piston or a movable finger.
- the melting crucible When the melting crucible is placed vertically, for example above the mold, and gravity tends to bring the molten charge closer to the mobile closing means, the latter must be cooled, in particular so as not to damage the means ensuring the seal between said movable closure means and the injection crucible, The molten charge cools on contact with the movable closure means and during each casting, a wafer of material remains on the surface thereof, which is likely to interfere with the operation of the device and must be eliminated.
- the ceramic crucible also has the drawback of reacting with certain alloys.
- the sectorized cold crucible makes it possible to move the melted charge away from the walls of the crucible by the magnetic forces of Laplace, but does not solve the problem of creating a wolf.
- said crucible is placed horizontally, and the Lapace forces compensate for gravity, the load being levitated or pseudo-levitated inside the tube formed by the crucible.
- Injecting the material into the mold involves the use of a cooled piston, moving through the crucible and pushing the charge into the mold cavity.
- the crucible is placed vertically and is closed by a removable and cooled hearth, constituting a trap door between the melting crucible and the mold.
- the molten material cools on contact with the piston or the hatch and there also remains a wolf ( skull ) of material in contact with them, which must be removed periodically, or even during of each pour.
- the document JPH 0917421 9 discloses a crucible and a mold suitable for shell casting of an aluminum alloy, comprising a crucible disposed horizontally, and in which a previously melted material is dumped.
- the document US2015 / 298296 describes a device and a method for molding a BMG comprising a melting crucible made of a material transparent to magnetic fields, said BMG being injected molten into the mold by means of a cooled piston.
- the document US 5156 202 describes a sectorized mold which is closed in its lower part by a sectorized and cooled plate, comprising an opening in its center. A molten metal is introduced through the upper part of the mold closed in its lower part by the sectorized plate. A piston pushes the material against the walls of the mold and the sectorized plate in contact with which it cools.
- the mold is surrounded by a coil supplied with high frequency alternating current.
- the document WO2013 / 190020 describes a mold comprising induction heating means and cooling means.
- the document US2002 / 122456 describes a melting furnace comprising a sectorized crucible surrounded by an induction coil.
- the document JPS61119368 describes a molding device suitable for molding an aluminum alloy and comprising a horizontal pouring tube and a piston comprising induction means capable of causing pseudo-levitation of the material in the pouring tube.
- the invention aims to resolve the drawbacks of the prior art and for this purpose relates to a device for producing a part by molding a BMG, which device according to claim 1.
- the vertical arrangement of the melting crucible with respect to the mold facilitates the automation of the casting process by making it possible to take advantage of gravity in the implementation of several operations.
- the sectorized crucible makes it possible to remove the molten material from the walls of the crucible and thus to avoid any contamination thereof, while the use of a sectorized piston makes it possible to put the molten load in levitation or pseudo-levitation with respect to said piston by the components of the Laplace forces of the magnetic field created by the circulation of the currents induced on the sectors of said piston.
- the object device of the invention allows the use of BMG comprising reactive components such as titanium or zirconium capable of interacting with a crucible made of refractory material.
- the charge does not cool on contact with the piston and does not create a wolf.
- the invention is advantageously implemented according to the embodiments and the variants set out below, which are to be considered individually or according to any technically operative combination.
- the means for placing the contents of the melting crucible in communication with the molding cavity comprise a device for vertical displacement of the piston.
- said piston makes it possible to carry out the casting by gravity or by injection, always without contact of the piston with the molten charge.
- the melting crucible is placed above the molding cavity and the piston moves downwards.
- the melting crucible is placed below the molding cavity and the piston moves upwards.
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a channel, called an injection crucible, between the melting crucible and the molding cavity.
- a channel called an injection crucible
- This embodiment makes it possible to place the melting device outside the shells, the passage through the shell of the melting device towards the impression being made by this injection crucible.
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a coil surrounding the injection crucible and supplied with high frequency current.
- the induction effect produced by this coil makes it possible to keep the molten charge at temperature until it enters the molding cavity as well as to move said molten charge away from the walls of the injection crucible.
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises, according to an embodiment compatible with the previous ones, an injection coil and means for its electrical supply, capable of producing an electromagnetic force for the injection of the contained molten material. in the melting crucible in the molding cavity.
- This embodiment makes it possible to use the Laplace forces by said coil in order to inject the molten material into the mold without contact with said material at the time of injection.
- the injection coil is a flat coil supplied by a discharge of capacitors.
- This embodiment uses a configuration similar to that used in magnetoforming to apply a force to the molten material directing it towards the molding cavity.
- the injection coil comprises a coil nested in the coil forming the melting coil, said injection coil being supplied with a high-frequency alternating current out of phase with respect to the alternating current supplying the coil. fusion coil so as to create a sliding field.
- the combined action of the coil forming the melting inductor and of said injection coil creates a sliding field favoring the injection of the material into the molding cavity.
- the sectors of the melting crucible and of the piston are made of stainless steel, thus providing greater durability than copper, generally used for this purpose and also making it possible to lighten the piston for faster displacement thereof. during the casting process.
- the invention also relates to a method as described in claim 11 attached hereto.
- the melting device of the molding device that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to keep the molten charge at high temperature until injection, while the preheating of the mold ensures good flow of the material during casting and a total filling of the impression.
- the sectorized piston of the device which is the subject of the invention prevents the creation of a wolf on the surface of said piston during fusion and the casting and thus the cleaning operations of said piston.
- the use of induction heating of the mold makes it possible to bring the latter quickly to the appropriate temperature for casting and thus to rapidly chain the cycles while ensuring efficient and rapid cooling of the part after casting.
- steps iii) and iv) are carried out in parallel, so as to further reduce the cycle time.
- the device is shown during the melting phase of the BMG.
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a mold in two parts (101, 102), or more, which can be separated which, when closed, define a cavity. tight (110) waterproof. Sealing means (103) make it possible to seal the cavity under a primary vacuum, and under a slight overpressure of a neutral gas.
- the two parts (101, 102) of the mold are for example fixed on the plates of a press in order to allow the opening and the closing of the mold.
- At least one (101) of the parts of the mold comprises means for heating the surfaces of the molding cavity (110), in the form of inductors (120) extending in ducts made in the mold.
- inductors are for example formed by copper tubes or multi-strand copper cables of cross section adapted to the electric induction current used.
- the inductors (120) are connected to a high frequency current generator (not shown).
- the two parts (101, 102) of the mold are made of a metallic material, for example steel or copper.
- the surfaces of the conduits receiving the inductors (120) are coated with a ferromagnetic material, for example with nickel .
- the thickness of the coating layer depends on the heating power and the frequency of the current supplied to the inductors, it is typically between 0.1mm and 1mm.
- the inductors (120) When said inductors (120) are supplied with high frequency alternating current, they heat the walls of the conduits, and the heat thus produced is propagated by conduction to the surfaces of the molding cavity (110).
- the heating inductors of the mold are supplied with an alternating current with a frequency between 10KHz and 200KHz by a generator with a power between 10 KW and 100 KW without these values being limiting,
- At least one of the parts of the mold comprises channels (125) for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid and the cooling of the molding cavity (110).
- the heat transfer fluid is a liquid such as water or oil, or a gas.
- the cooling channels (125) are placed between the molding cavity and the inductors, as close as possible to the surface of the molding cavity so as to ensure rapid cooling and a high degree of amorphization.
- the position of the inductors, the installed heating power, the number and distribution of the cooling channels as well as the heat transfer fluid flow rate necessary for cooling, are for example determined by numerical simulation of the mold heating and cooling cycles.
- Means (130) make it possible to draw the molding cavity to a vacuum and to introduce therein a neutral gas, such as argon, so as to create therein a slight overpressure with respect to atmospheric pressure.
- a neutral gas such as argon
- Said mold comprises a melting device (150), located above the mold, according to this exemplary embodiment.
- This device is in communication with the molding cavity and confined in an enclosure (155) sealingly assembled with the mold so that the evacuation of the molding cavity also places the melting device under vacuum, and that it is also in slight overpressure in the case of the injection of a neutral gas.
- This melting device (150) comprises a melting crucible (160) surrounded by a melting coil (165) supplied by a very high frequency current generator.
- Said melting crucible (160) is a sectored crucible, of generally cylindrical shape comprising a plurality of hollow sectors (161), extending along the axis of the cylinder and electrically isolated from one another.
- Said sectors are made of a non-magnetic metallic material, for example copper or stainless steel.
- Cooling means (170) make it possible to circulate a heat transfer fluid in said hollow sectors, in order to cool them.
- the part of the melting crucible communicating with the molding cavity (110) is, during the melting, closed by a piston (180), connected to an operating rod (185) to retract the latter.
- the device comprises means (186) acting on the operating rod, such as a rack pinion system, an electric cylinder, a linear motor or any other means known from the prior art for carrying out the displacement of the piston and of the operating rod.
- Said piston (180) constitutes, during the melting of the material (190) a hearth vis-à-vis the melting crucible (160).
- said piston (180) is sectored and comprises, similarly to the melting crucible, a plurality of hollow sectors, made of an electrically conductive metallic material and electrically insulated from each other. Means (175) allow fluid to circulate in the hollow sectors of the piston, for example through the operating rod so as to cool the latter.
- the sectorized configuration and the electrically conductive nature of the sectors of the piston (180) by the circulation of the currents induced in its sectors during the supply of the fusion coil (165), to create Laplace forces, repelling the charge molten surface of the piston (180) in the melting crucible.
- the molten charge (190) is levitated or in electromagnetic pseudo-levitation in the crucible, without contact with the walls.
- the arrangement of the melting crucible in a vertical position above the mold makes it possible to load the crucible by gravity, the mold being closed.
- the filler consists of granules of the constituent material of the BMG, or of several materials whose alloy constitutes the BMG, the alloy being produced during the melting.
- the charge consists of a single solid piece of land, such as a cylinder.
- a neutral gas is introduced into the molding cavity and into the enclosure comprising the melting crucible.
- the induced currents heat said charge which melts.
- the sectorized nature of the crucible and the magnetic field which results from it moves the molten charge away from the walls of the crucible, as well as from the walls of the piston (180), itself sectorized.
- the melting of the charge is extremely rapid due to its direct heating by induction.
- the Laplace forces generated keep the molten charge away from the walls of the crucible and the piston, the circulation of the currents induced in the molten charge, also ensure a stirring of said charge, which makes it possible to ensure its homogeneity, particularly when the latter. this comprises several alloying elements of different specific masses.
- FIG. 2 the device of the figure 1 , is shown during the injection phase.
- the charge being melted, to perform the injection the molding cavity is heated beforehand, by means of the inductors (120) to bring it to a temperature equal to or slightly lower than the glass transition temperature of the BMG.
- the piston (180) is retracted into the mold by moving the latter downwards by its operating rod (185) thus freeing the passage towards the molding cavity (110).
- the molten charge (190) then flows by gravity into the molding cavity.
- the surfaces of said molding cavity having been preheated, the molten material flows into the cavity while retaining sufficient fluidity to fill it entirely.
- An electronic control device (not shown) makes it possible to synchronize and sequence, the supply of the melting coil, the heating of the molding cavity, the retraction of the piston, the stopping of the supply of the melting coil and cooling the mold.
- the flat coil (166) is supplied by the discharge of the capacitors in a manner synchronized with the descent of the piston (180). Feeding said flat coil (166) creates an electromagnetic force acting on the molten charge, which pushes said charge towards the mold cavity.
- an injection coil (266) is nested in the melting coil and supplied at the time of injection by a high-frequency alternating current simultaneously with the supply of the coil (165), the two coils (165, 266) being supplied with phase-shifted alternating currents, so as to create a sliding field which tends to eject the molten charge from the melting crucible towards the molding cavity.
- injection coil is, according to one embodiment, complementary to the use of the flat coil, for injecting the molten charge into the molding cavity.
- the melting crucible (160) is extended by an injection crucible or cylinder (260) which is advantageously surrounded by a coil (265) supplied with a high frequency current and forming an inductor.
- Said injection crucible is for example made of a refractory material transparent to the electromagnetic field, without this configuration being limiting. This injection crucible makes it possible to pass through the thickness of the part of the mold separating the melting crucible (160) from the molding cavity, while keeping the molten charge sufficiently hot.
- the power supply to the coil (265) surrounding the injection crucible (260) has the effect, on the one hand, of moving the molten charge (190) of the walls of the injection crucible (260) and on the other hand to keep, by the effect of inductive heating, the molten charge at a sufficient temperature before it enters the molding cavity.
- the supply of the injection inductor, the flat coil (166), the injection coil (266), the coil (265) surrounding the injection crucible (260) as well as the movement of the piston are controlled, sequenced and synchronized, by electronic means, for example by a programmable controller (not shown).
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a piston (760) capable of pushing the load (190) into the molding cavity.
- Said piston comprises a head (762) and an operating rod (761) for its vertical displacement, said displacement being carried out by a jack, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic acting on said rod (761), by a rack pinion system, a motor linear or any other suitable means.
- the head (762) of the piston is, according to exemplary embodiments, a solid head or a hollow head, made of a ferromagnetic material or coated with a ferromagnetic material.
- said head (762) moves axially in the melting crucible, where it is subjected to the effect of the induced currents generated by the melting inductor (165).
- the response of the material constituting the piston head or its coating to the induced currents, causes rapid heating of the surface of said head.
- said head (762) is further cooled by the circulation of a heat transfer fluid circulated by means (not shown) between the operating rod (761) and the head of the piston.
- the dimensioning of the piston head, its constitution and the possible cooling thereof, make it possible to bring the surface of the piston head in contact with the molten load (190) during casting, at) a temperature such as: that this is high enough not to create a wolf on the surface of said head and low enough not to cause the phenomenon of sticking or welding of the molten material on said head.
- the device which is the subject of the invention allows simple gravity casting and for this purpose only comprises the segmented piston (180), or gravity casting assisted by a field. magnetic, combination including segmented piston (180) associated with the injection coil (266) and / or the flat coil (166).
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises the segmented piston (180) which can be retracted acting as a sole in the lower part of the melting crucible and an injection piston (760) pushing the charge into it. 'footprint.
- the device which is the subject of the invention further comprises an injection coil (266) capable of creating a sliding magnetic field.
- the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling channels (125) of the mold makes it possible to rapidly cool the molding cavity and the part it contains, thus ensuring a high rate of amorphization of the mold. -this.
- the mold is then opened, the part removed from the mold and the cycle resumes.
- figures 1 and 2 represent the device which is the subject of the invention in an embodiment comprising an injection crucible and coils (166, 266) making it possible to promote the injection of the molten charge into the molding cavity
- the person skilled in the art understands that these characteristics are improvements and are not essential to the operation of the device which is the subject of the invention, the simple movement of the piston (180) making it possible to carry out the casting by gravity, the latter possibly being assisted by the mechanical effect of a injection piston.
- the melting device is placed, for example, directly in the lower part (102) of the mold, similarly to the embodiment shown. figure 3 , but with the piston (180) positioned under the melting crucible, on the side of the molding cavity (110).
- the melting device (350) is positioned vertically under the molding cavity (310) of the mold.
- the mold comprises at least two separable parts (301, 302) and associated sealing means (303), so that when the mold is closed, said parts define between them a cavity tight fitting (310), capable of being evacuated by suitable means, and of being filled with a neutral gas at a slight overpressure.
- the two parts (301, 302) of the mold are for example mounted on the plates of a press, which allows the opening and closing of the mold.
- At least one (301) of the parts of the mold advantageously comprise means for heating the surfaces of the molding cavity (310), for example in the form of inductors (320) extending in ducts made in the mold.
- At least one of the parts of the mold advantageously comprises cooling channels (325) making it possible to rapidly cool the molding cavity (310).
- the vertical arrangement of the melting device (350) under the mold makes it possible to deliver the charge into said gravity melting device, with the mold open.
- the melting device (350) comprises a sectorized and cooled melting crucible (360) comprising hollow sectors, for example made of a stainless steel and electrically insulated from each other.
- the melting crucible (360) is in communication with the molding cavity (310) by its upper end, and closed at its lower end, by a sectorized piston (380).
- Said sectorized piston is fixed to an operating rod (385) and operating means (386) allow said operating rod (386) to be moved vertically and consequently said piston (380).
- the fusion device (350) is inserted in a sealed enclosure (355).
- the sectorized piston (380) is moved upwards by the means (386) acting on the operating rod (385), which has the effect of pushing the load (190) into the molding cavity, always without contact between said load and said piston (380).
- the cooling of the piston (380) is controlled so that the temperature at the surface of the piston likely to come into contact with the load in pseudo-levitation fusion, is sufficient to avoid the creation of a wolf, but not too high to avoid sticking or welding of the molten charge to the surface of said piston.
- the surfaces of the molding cavity (310) Prior to casting, the surfaces of the molding cavity (310) are brought to a temperature equal to or slightly lower than the glass transition temperature of the BMG used, by the high-frequency current supply to the inductors (320), of the mold, so as to promote uniform filling of the impression. Then, the molding cavity is cooled rapidly, by the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling channels (125) of the mold. The mold is then opened, the part unmolded and the cycle resumes.
- the device which is the subject of the invention comprises an injection crucible placing the melting crucible and the molding cavity in communication, and a coil surrounding said injection crucible making it possible to maintain the temperature of the molten charge as it travels between the melting crucible and the molding cavity.
- the latter comprises several parallel fusion and injection devices to ensure better filling of the impression.
- the piston (185, 385) comprises a plurality of hollow sectors (481, ..., 486) made of stainless steel or another electrically conductive and non-magnetic material, perforated at both of them side ends and electrically insulated from each other by a layer of insulating material, such as ceramic. Said layer of insulating material also provides sealing between the sectors.
- the sectors are linked to the operating rod (185, 385) by means of a water box (490) made of an electrically insulating material. Said water box is in hydraulic communication with fluid circulation means (not shown) via an orifice (491) made in the operating rod, and distributes the heat transfer fluid in all sectors (481, .. ., 486) to ensure their cooling.
- said sectors comprise on their underside, an orifice (493) bringing the interior of the sector into contact with the water box (490).
- a second orifice (494) at the inner radial end of the sector communicates the interior of each sector with an orifice (492) made in the operating rod, itself in hydraulic communication with the circulation means, which allows the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in the sectors of the piston.
- the latter comprises a first step (610) of loading the melting crucible.
- This step is carried out with a closed mold or an open mold in the case where the melting device is placed above the mold and the mold open when the crucible is placed below the mold
- a closing step (620) the mold is closed and the cavity tight, as well as the melting crucible are evacuated.
- a neutral gas such as argon is injected into the molding cavity and the enclosure of the melting device, said gas being at a slight overpressure with respect to atmospheric pressure.
- a melting step (630) the feed is melted by supplying the melting coil of the melting device.
- the mold is preheated by the inductors during a heating step (640) in order to protect the surfaces of the molding cavity at a temperature equal to or slightly lower than the glass transition temperature of the BMG. Induction heating achieves such a temperature in 1 minute or less depending on the size of the indentation.
- a casting step (650) the piston is moved from top to bottom or from bottom to top, depending on the embodiment of the mold, and the injection coil is supplied, as well as the coil surrounding the injection crucible, if the device is so provided in order to fill the preheated molding cavity with the molten material.
- a cooling step (660) the supply of the inductors of the mold is stopped and the coolant heat transfer fluid is circulated. in the cooling channels of the mold, providing rapid cooling of the part, until it reaches its demolding temperature.
- a demolding step (670), the cooled mold is opened, the part is demolded, and the cycle resumes.
- the method and the device which are the subject of the invention make it possible to produce parts in amorphous metal at high speed, more particularly thin parts, while ensuring a high rate of amorphization thereof.
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Description
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour le moulage, notamment d'un verre métallique. L'invention est plus particulièrement, mais non exclusivement, adaptée à la fabrication de coques pour des matériels électroniques, plus particulièrement destinées à des téléphones intelligents.The invention relates to a method and a device for molding, in particular, a metallic glass. The invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, suitable for the manufacture of shells for electronic equipment, more particularly intended for smart telephones.
En effet, les verres métalliques, se présentant sous la forme d'un métal amorphe, non cristallisé ou partiellement cristallisé, qui du fait de l'absence de joints de grains dans la structure du métal, présentent des caractéristiques de dureté, d'élasticité et de résistance à la corrosion, qui les rendent particulièrement performants pour ce type d'application et rendent inutiles les coques de protection dans lesquelles les consommateurs enveloppent leur téléphone intelligent pour le protéger des chocs, des rayures et le rendre étanche.In fact, metallic glasses, which are in the form of an amorphous, non-crystallized or partially crystallized metal, which due to the absence of grain boundaries in the structure of the metal, exhibit characteristics of hardness, elasticity. and corrosion resistance, which make them particularly efficient for this type of application and make unnecessary the protective cases in which consumers wrap their smartphone to protect it from bumps, scratches and make it waterproof.
Selon les techniques de l'art antérieur, de telles coques sont obtenues à partir d'une feuille d'un alliage métallique amorphe, laquelle est mise en forme par un procédé de moulage par soufflage, similaire aux procédés de mise en forme du verre, dans une matrice à la forme de ladite coque après avoir chauffé ladite feuille à une température relativement basse comparativement à la température qu'il serait nécessaire d'atteindre avec le même alliage métallique cristallisé pour obtenir un formage équivalent.According to the techniques of the prior art, such shells are obtained from a sheet of an amorphous metal alloy, which is shaped by a blow molding process, similar to the glass forming processes, in a die in the shape of said shell after having heated said sheet to a relatively low temperature compared to the temperature which it would be necessary to reach with the same crystallized metal alloy in order to obtain an equivalent forming.
Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre, les procédés de l'art antérieur, utilisent une technique de moulage sous vide d'un alliage de verre métallique massif (« Bulk Metallic Glass » ou BMG). L'utilisation d'un BMG permet de réduire la vitesse critique de refroidissement permettant la solidification du matériau en un matériau amorphe. Pour assurer un faible taux de cristallinité ou un taux élevé d'amorphisation, le matériau doit être moulé dans des conditions qui évitent sa contamination par des impuretés, notamment par l'azote et l'oxygène. À cette fin, les opérations de fusion et de coulée sont réalisées sous vide ou sous atmosphère neutre. Le matériau est mis en fusion dans un creuset au moyen d'un chauffage par induction, puis injecté dans le moule. Les techniques de l'art antérieur utilisent soit un creuset constitué d'un matériaux transparent au champ magnétique, telle qu'un creusent en zircone, ou un creuset froid sectorisé en cuivre.According to another embodiment, the methods of the prior art use a vacuum molding technique of a solid metallic glass alloy (“ Bulk Metallic Glass ” or BMG). The use of a BMG makes it possible to reduce the critical cooling rate allowing the material to solidify into an amorphous material. To ensure a low rate of crystallinity or a high rate of amorphization, the material must be molded under conditions which avoid its contamination by impurities, in particular by nitrogen and oxygen. To this end, the melting and casting operations are carried out under vacuum or in a neutral atmosphere. The material is melted in a crucible by means of induction heating, then injected into the mold. The techniques of the prior art use either a crucible made of a material transparent to the magnetic field, such as a zirconia hollow, or a cold sectorized copper crucible.
Un canal, généralement dénommé creuset d'injection ou de coulée, permet de mettre en communication le contenu de creuset de fusion avec l'empreinte du moule tout en conservant l'ensemble sous vide. La communication entre le creuset de fusion et le creuset d'injection doit être fermée pendant l'opération de fusion, puis ouverte pour permettre la coulée, ce qui est réalisé par des moyens de fermeture mobiles, tels qu'une trappe, un piston ou un doigt mobile. Lorsque le creuset de fusion est placé verticalement, par exemple au-dessus du moule, et que la gravité tend à rapprocher la charge en fusion des moyens de fermeture mobiles, ceux-ci doivent être refroidis, afin notamment de ne pas endommager les moyens assurant l'étanchéité entre lesdits moyens de fermeture mobiles et le creuset d'injection, La charge en fusion se refroidi au contact des moyens de fermeture mobile et lors de chaque coulée, il subsiste un loup de matière à la surface de ceux-ci, lequel est susceptible de gêner le fonctionnement du dispositif et doit être éliminé.A channel, generally referred to as an injection or casting crucible, enables the contents of the melting crucible to be placed in communication with the cavity of the mold while keeping the assembly under vacuum. The communication between the melting crucible and the injection crucible must be closed during the melting operation and then opened to allow casting, which is achieved by movable closing means, such as a trap, a piston or a movable finger. When the melting crucible is placed vertically, for example above the mold, and gravity tends to bring the molten charge closer to the mobile closing means, the latter must be cooled, in particular so as not to damage the means ensuring the seal between said movable closure means and the injection crucible, The molten charge cools on contact with the movable closure means and during each casting, a wafer of material remains on the surface thereof, which is likely to interfere with the operation of the device and must be eliminated.
Le creuset en céramique présente en outre l'inconvénient de réagir avec certains alliages.The ceramic crucible also has the drawback of reacting with certain alloys.
Le creuset froid sectorisé permet d'éloigner la charge mise en fusion des parois du creuset par les forces magnétiques de Laplace, mais ne résout pas le problème de la création d'un loup. Ainsi, selon l'art antérieur, ledit creuset est placé horizontalement, et les forces de Lapace compensent la gravité, la charge se trouvant en lévitation ou pseudo-lévitation à l'intérieur du tube constitué par le creuset. L'injection de la matière dans le moule implique l'utilisation d'un piston refroidi, se déplaçant dans le creuset et qui pousse la charge dans la cavité moulante. Alternativement, le creuset est placé verticalement et est fermé par une sole amovible et refroidie, constituant une trappe entre le creuset de fusion et le moule. Dans ces réalisations de l'art antérieur la matière en fusion se refroidit au contact du piston ou de la trappe et il subsiste également un loup (skull) de matière au contact de ceux-ci, lequel doit être éliminé de manière périodique, voire lors de chaque coulée.The sectorized cold crucible makes it possible to move the melted charge away from the walls of the crucible by the magnetic forces of Laplace, but does not solve the problem of creating a wolf. Thus, according to the prior art, said crucible is placed horizontally, and the Lapace forces compensate for gravity, the load being levitated or pseudo-levitated inside the tube formed by the crucible. Injecting the material into the mold involves the use of a cooled piston, moving through the crucible and pushing the charge into the mold cavity. Alternatively, the crucible is placed vertically and is closed by a removable and cooled hearth, constituting a trap door between the melting crucible and the mold. In these embodiments of the prior art, the molten material cools on contact with the piston or the hatch and there also remains a wolf ( skull ) of material in contact with them, which must be removed periodically, or even during of each pour.
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L'invention vise à résoudre les inconvénients de l'art antérieur et concerne à cette fin un dispositif pour la réalisation d'une pièce par moulage d'un BMG, lequel dispositif selon la revendication 1.The invention aims to resolve the drawbacks of the prior art and for this purpose relates to a device for producing a part by molding a BMG, which device according to claim 1.
Ainsi, la disposition verticale du creuset de fusion par rapport au moule, facilite l'automatisation du procédé de coulée en permettant de profiter de la gravité dans la mise en oeuvre de plusieurs opérations. Le creuset sectorisé permet d'éloigner la matière en fusion des parois du creuset et ainsi d'éviter toute contamination de celle-ci, alors que l'utilisation d'un piston sectorisé permet de mettre la charge en fusion en lévitation ou pseudo-lévitation par rapport audit piston par les composantes des forces de Laplace du champ magnétique créé par la circulation des courants induits sur les secteurs dudit piston. La charge en fusion n'étant pas en contact ni avec le creuset de fusion, ni avec le piston lors de la fusion et de la coulée, le dispositif objet de l'invention permet la mise en oeuvre de BMG comprenant des composants réactifs comme le titane ou le zirconium susceptibles d'interagir avec un creuset en matériau réfractaire. La charge ne se refroidit pas au contact du piston et ne crée pas de loup.Thus, the vertical arrangement of the melting crucible with respect to the mold facilitates the automation of the casting process by making it possible to take advantage of gravity in the implementation of several operations. The sectorized crucible makes it possible to remove the molten material from the walls of the crucible and thus to avoid any contamination thereof, while the use of a sectorized piston makes it possible to put the molten load in levitation or pseudo-levitation with respect to said piston by the components of the Laplace forces of the magnetic field created by the circulation of the currents induced on the sectors of said piston. Since the molten charge is not in contact either with the melting crucible or with the piston during melting and casting, the object device of the invention allows the use of BMG comprising reactive components such as titanium or zirconium capable of interacting with a crucible made of refractory material. The charge does not cool on contact with the piston and does not create a wolf.
L'invention est avantageusement mise en oeuvre selon les modes de réalisation et les variantes exposés ci-après, lesquels sont à considérer individuellement ou selon toute combinaison techniquement opérante.The invention is advantageously implemented according to the embodiments and the variants set out below, which are to be considered individually or according to any technically operative combination.
Avantageusement, les moyens pour mettre en communication le contenu du creuset de fusion avec la cavité moulante, comprennent un dispositif de déplacement vertical du piston. Ainsi, du fait de la disposition verticale du creuset de fusion par rapport au moule, ledit piston perrmet de réaliser la coulée par gravité ou par injection, toujours sans contact du piston avec la charge en fusion.Advantageously, the means for placing the contents of the melting crucible in communication with the molding cavity comprise a device for vertical displacement of the piston. Thus, due to the vertical arrangement of the melting crucible with respect to the mold, said piston makes it possible to carry out the casting by gravity or by injection, always without contact of the piston with the molten charge.
Ainsi, selon un premier mode de réalisation, le creuset de fusion est placé au-dessus de la cavité moulante et le piston se déplace vers le bas. Et selon un deuxième mode de réalisation le creuset de fusion est placé en-dessous de la cavité moulante et que le piston se déplace vers le haut.Thus, according to a first embodiment, the melting crucible is placed above the molding cavity and the piston moves downwards. And according to a second embodiment, the melting crucible is placed below the molding cavity and the piston moves upwards.
Avantageusement, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend un canal, dit creuset d'injection entre le creuset de fusion et la cavité moulante. Ce mode de réalisation permet de placer le dispositif de fusion à l'extérieur des coquilles, la traversée de la coquille du dispositif de fusion vers l'empreinte étant réalisée par ce creuset d'injection.Advantageously, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a channel, called an injection crucible, between the melting crucible and the molding cavity. This embodiment makes it possible to place the melting device outside the shells, the passage through the shell of the melting device towards the impression being made by this injection crucible.
Avantageusement, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend une bobine entourant le creuset d'injection et alimentée en courant à haute fréquence. L'effet d'induction produit par cette bobine permet de conserver la charge en fusion en température jusqu'à son entrée dans la cavité moulante ainsi que d'éloigner ladite charge en fusion des parois du creuset d'injection.Advantageously, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises a coil surrounding the injection crucible and supplied with high frequency current. The induction effect produced by this coil makes it possible to keep the molten charge at temperature until it enters the molding cavity as well as to move said molten charge away from the walls of the injection crucible.
Avantageusement, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend, selon un mode de réalisation compatible avec les précédents, une bobine d'injection et des moyens pour son alimentation électrique, aptes à produire une force électromagnétique pour l'injection de la matière en fusion contenue dans le creuset de fusion dans la cavité moulante. Ce mode de réalisation permet d'utiliser les forces de Laplace par ladite bobine afin d'injecter la matière en fusion dans le moule sans contact avec ladite matière au moment de l'injection.Advantageously, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises, according to an embodiment compatible with the previous ones, an injection coil and means for its electrical supply, capable of producing an electromagnetic force for the injection of the contained molten material. in the melting crucible in the molding cavity. This embodiment makes it possible to use the Laplace forces by said coil in order to inject the molten material into the mold without contact with said material at the time of injection.
Selon une première variante, la bobine d'injection est une bobine plate alimentée par une décharge de condensateurs. Ce mode de réalisation utilise une configuration similaire à ce qui est utilisé en magnétoformage pour appliquer sur la matière en fusion une force la dirigeant vers la cavité moulante.According to a first variant, the injection coil is a flat coil supplied by a discharge of capacitors. This embodiment uses a configuration similar to that used in magnetoforming to apply a force to the molten material directing it towards the molding cavity.
Selon une deuxième variante, compatible avec la première, la bobine d'injection comprend une bobine imbriquée dans la bobine formant la bobine de fusion, ladite bobine d'injection étant alimentée par un courant alternatif à haute fréquence déphasé par rapport au courant alternatif alimentant la bobine de fusion de sorte à créer un champ glissant. Ainsi l'action conjuguée de la bobine formant l'inducteur de fusion et de ladite bobine d'injection crée un champ glissant favorisant l'injection de la matière dans la cavité moulante.According to a second variant, compatible with the first, the injection coil comprises a coil nested in the coil forming the melting coil, said injection coil being supplied with a high-frequency alternating current out of phase with respect to the alternating current supplying the coil. fusion coil so as to create a sliding field. Thus the combined action of the coil forming the melting inductor and of said injection coil creates a sliding field favoring the injection of the material into the molding cavity.
Avantageusement, les secteurs du creuset de fusion et du piston son constitués d'acier inoxydable, procurant ainsi une pus grande durabilité que le cuivre, généralement utilisé à cette fin et permettant aussi d'alléger le piston pour un déplacement plus rapide de celui-ci lors du processus de coulée.Advantageously, the sectors of the melting crucible and of the piston are made of stainless steel, thus providing greater durability than copper, generally used for this purpose and also making it possible to lighten the piston for faster displacement thereof. during the casting process.
L'invention concerne également un procédé comme décrit dans la revendication 11 ci-jointe.The invention also relates to a method as described in claim 11 attached hereto.
Le dispositif de fusion du dispositif de moulage objet de l'invention, permet de conserver la charge en fusion à haute température jusqu'à l'injection, alors que le préchauffage du moule assure un bon écoulement de la matière lors de la coulée et un remplissage total de l'empreinte. Le piston sectorisé du dispositif objet de l'invention évite la création d'un loup à la surface dudit piston lors de la fusion et de la coulée et ainsi les opérations de nettoyage dudit piston. L'utilisation du chauffage par induction du moule permet de porter celui-ci rapidement à la température adéquate pour la coulée et ainsi d'enchaîner rapidement les cycles tout assurant un refroidissement efficace et rapide de la pièce après la coulée.The melting device of the molding device that is the subject of the invention makes it possible to keep the molten charge at high temperature until injection, while the preheating of the mold ensures good flow of the material during casting and a total filling of the impression. The sectorized piston of the device which is the subject of the invention prevents the creation of a wolf on the surface of said piston during fusion and the casting and thus the cleaning operations of said piston. The use of induction heating of the mold makes it possible to bring the latter quickly to the appropriate temperature for casting and thus to rapidly chain the cycles while ensuring efficient and rapid cooling of the part after casting.
Avantageusement, les étapes iii) et iv) sont réalisée de manière parallèle, de sorte à réduire encore le temps de cycle.Advantageously, steps iii) and iv) are carried out in parallel, so as to further reduce the cycle time.
L'invention est exposée ci-après selon ses modes de réalisation préférés, nullement limitatifs, et en référence aux
- la
figure 1 représente, selon une vue en coupe un schéma de principe d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif objet de l'invention, avec un dispositif de fusion placé au-dessus du moule, au cours de la fusion de la charge ; - la
figure 2 montre le dispositif de lafigure 1 en début de coulée ; - la
figure 3 est un schéma de principe, selon une vie en coupe, d'un autre mode de réalisation du dispositif objet de l'invention dans lequel le dispositif de fusion est placé en-dessous du moule ; - la
figure 4 représente schématiquement selon un vue en perspective et en coupe partielle, un exemple de réalisation du piston sectorisé du dispositif objet de l'invention ; - la
figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de réalisation d'un secteur du piston tel que représentéfigure 4 ; - la
figure 6 montre un synopsis du procédé objet de l'invention ; - et la
figure 7 , représente selon une vue partielle du dispositif de fusion, correspondant à la coupe représentéefigures 1 et 2 , un exemple de réalisation du dispositif objet de l'invention comprenant un piston d'injection.
- the
figure 1 shows, in a sectional view a block diagram of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, with a melting device placed above the mold, during the melting of the load; - the
figure 2 shows the device of thefigure 1 at the start of casting; - the
figure 3 is a block diagram, according to a sectional life, of another embodiment of the device according to the invention in which the melting device is placed below the mold; - the
figure 4 shows schematically in a perspective view and in partial section, an exemplary embodiment of the sectorized piston of the device which is the subject of the invention; - the
figure 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a piston sector as shownfigure 4 ; - the
figure 6 shows a synopsis of the method which is the subject of the invention; - and the
figure 7 , shows a partial view of the melting device, corresponding to the section shownfigures 1 and 2 , an exemplary embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention comprising an injection piston.
Les dessins des
Des moyens (130) permettent de tirer la cavité moulante au vide et d'y introduire un gaz neutre, tel que de l'argon de sorte à créer dans celle-ci une légère surpression par rapport à la pression atmosphérique.Means (130) make it possible to draw the molding cavity to a vacuum and to introduce therein a neutral gas, such as argon, so as to create therein a slight overpressure with respect to atmospheric pressure.
Ledit moule comprend un dispositif de fusion (150), situé au dessus du moule, selon cet exemple de réalisation. Ce dispositif est en communication avec la cavité moulante et confiné dans une enceinte (155) assemblée de manière étanche avec le moule de sorte que le tirage au vide de la cavité moulante place également le dispositif de fusion sous vide, et qu'il soit également en légère surpression dans le cas de l'injection d'un gaz neutre. Ce dispositif de fusion (150) comprend un creuset de fusion (160) entouré par une bobine (165) de fusion alimentée par un générateur de courant à très haute fréquence. Ledit creuset de fusion (160) est un creuset sectorisé, de forme générale cylindrique comprenant une pluralité de secteurs creux (161), s'étendant le long de l'axe du cylindre et isolés électriquement les uns des autres. Lesdits secteurs sont constitués d'un matériau métallique non magnétique, par exemple du cuivre ou un acier inoxydable. Des moyens de refroidissement (170) permettent de faire circuler un fluide caloporteur dans lesdits secteurs creux, afin de les refroidir. Selon un exemple de réalisation, la partie du creuset de fusion communiquant avec la cavité moulante (110) est, pendant la fusion, fermée par un piston (180), connecté à une tige de manoeuvre (185) pour escamoter celui-ci. Le dispositif comprend à cette fin des moyens (186) agissant sur la tige de manoeuvre, tels qu'un système pignon crémaillère, un vérin électrique, un moteur linéaire ou tout autre moyen connu de l'art antérieur pour réaliser le déplacement du piston et de la tige de manoeuvre.Said mold comprises a melting device (150), located above the mold, according to this exemplary embodiment. This device is in communication with the molding cavity and confined in an enclosure (155) sealingly assembled with the mold so that the evacuation of the molding cavity also places the melting device under vacuum, and that it is also in slight overpressure in the case of the injection of a neutral gas. This melting device (150) comprises a melting crucible (160) surrounded by a melting coil (165) supplied by a very high frequency current generator. Said melting crucible (160) is a sectored crucible, of generally cylindrical shape comprising a plurality of hollow sectors (161), extending along the axis of the cylinder and electrically isolated from one another. Said sectors are made of a non-magnetic metallic material, for example copper or stainless steel. Cooling means (170) make it possible to circulate a heat transfer fluid in said hollow sectors, in order to cool them. According to an exemplary embodiment, the part of the melting crucible communicating with the molding cavity (110) is, during the melting, closed by a piston (180), connected to an operating rod (185) to retract the latter. To this end, the device comprises means (186) acting on the operating rod, such as a rack pinion system, an electric cylinder, a linear motor or any other means known from the prior art for carrying out the displacement of the piston and of the operating rod.
Ledit piston (180) constitue, au cours de la fusion de la matière (190) une sole vis-à-vis du creuset de fusion (160). Toutefois, ledit piston (180) est sectorisé et comprend, de manière similaire au creuset de fusion, une pluralité de secteurs creux, constitués d'un matériau métallique électriquement conducteur et isolés électriquement les uns des autres. Des moyens (175) permettent de réaliser une circulation de fluide dans les secteurs creux du piston, par exemple à travers la tige de manoeuvre de sorte à refroidir ceux-ci. À la différence d'une simple sole, la configuration sectorisée et la nature électriquement conductrice des secteurs du piston (180), permet, par la circulation des courants induits dans ses secteurs lors de l'alimentation de la bobine (165) de fusion, de créer des forces de Laplace, repoussant la charge en fusion de la surface du piston (180) se trouvant dans le creuset de fusion. Ainsi, la charge en fusion (190) se trouve en lévitation ou en pseudo-lévitation électromagnétique dans le creuset, sans contact avec les parois.Said piston (180) constitutes, during the melting of the material (190) a hearth vis-à-vis the melting crucible (160). However, said piston (180) is sectored and comprises, similarly to the melting crucible, a plurality of hollow sectors, made of an electrically conductive metallic material and electrically insulated from each other. Means (175) allow fluid to circulate in the hollow sectors of the piston, for example through the operating rod so as to cool the latter. Unlike a simple sole, the sectorized configuration and the electrically conductive nature of the sectors of the piston (180), by the circulation of the currents induced in its sectors during the supply of the fusion coil (165), to create Laplace forces, repelling the charge molten surface of the piston (180) in the melting crucible. Thus, the molten charge (190) is levitated or in electromagnetic pseudo-levitation in the crucible, without contact with the walls.
La disposition du creuset de fusion en position verticale au-dessus du moule, permet de charger le creuset par gravité, le moule étant fermé. La charge est constituée de granules du matériau constitutif du BMG, ou de plusieurs matériaux dont l'alliage constitue le BMG, l'alliage étant réalisé pendant la fusion. Selon une autre variante, la charge est constitué d'un seul lopin solide, tel qu'un cylindre.The arrangement of the melting crucible in a vertical position above the mold makes it possible to load the crucible by gravity, the mold being closed. The filler consists of granules of the constituent material of the BMG, or of several materials whose alloy constitutes the BMG, the alloy being produced during the melting. According to another variant, the charge consists of a single solid piece of land, such as a cylinder.
La charge solide étant introduite dans la creuset de fusion, celui-ci étant fermé à son extrémité inférieure par le piston (180) et le moule étant fermé, l'ensemble étant tiré au vide, la bobine de fusion (165) est alimentée en courant à très haute fréquence. Alternativement, après le tirage au vide, un gaz neutre est introduit dans la cavité moulante et dans l'enceinte comprenant le creuset de fusion. Les courants induits chauffent ladite charge qui entre en fusion. La nature sectorisée du creuset et le champ magnétique qui en résulte, éloigne la charge en fusion des parois du creuset, tout comme des parois du piston (180), lui même sectorisé. La mise en fusion de la charge est extrêmement rapide du fait de son chauffage direct par l'induction. Les forces de Laplace générées maintiennent la charge en fusion écartée des parois du creuset et du piston, le circulation des courants induits dans la charge en fusion, assurent aussi un brassage de ladite charge, ce qui permet d'assurer son homogénéité particulièrement lorsque celle-ci comprend plusieurs éléments d'alliages de masses spécifiques différentes.The solid charge being introduced into the melting crucible, the latter being closed at its lower end by the piston (180) and the mold being closed, the assembly being drawn under vacuum, the melting coil (165) is supplied with very high frequency current. Alternatively, after the evacuation, a neutral gas is introduced into the molding cavity and into the enclosure comprising the melting crucible. The induced currents heat said charge which melts. The sectorized nature of the crucible and the magnetic field which results from it, moves the molten charge away from the walls of the crucible, as well as from the walls of the piston (180), itself sectorized. The melting of the charge is extremely rapid due to its direct heating by induction. The Laplace forces generated keep the molten charge away from the walls of the crucible and the piston, the circulation of the currents induced in the molten charge, also ensure a stirring of said charge, which makes it possible to ensure its homogeneity, particularly when the latter. this comprises several alloying elements of different specific masses.
Selon cet exemple de réalisation, une bobine plate (166) connectée à une série de condensateurs et placée juste au-dessus du creuset de fusion.According to this exemplary embodiment, a flat coil (166) connected to a series of capacitors and placed just above the melting crucible.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, la bobine plate (166) est alimentée par la décharge des condensateurs de manière synchronisée avec la descente du piston (180). L'alimentation de ladite bobine plate (166) crée une force électromagnétique agissant sur la charge en fusion, qui pousse ladite charge vers la cavité moulante.According to an advantageous embodiment, the flat coil (166) is supplied by the discharge of the capacitors in a manner synchronized with the descent of the piston (180). Feeding said flat coil (166) creates an electromagnetic force acting on the molten charge, which pushes said charge towards the mold cavity.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, une bobine d'injection (266) est imbriquée dans la bobine de fusion et alimentée au moment de l'injection par un courant alternatif à haute fréquence simultanément à l'alimentation de la bobine (165), les deux bobines (165, 266) étant alimentées par des courants alternatifs déphasés, de sorte à créer un champ glissant qui tende à éjecter la charge en fusion du creuset de fusion vers la cavité moulante.According to an advantageous embodiment, an injection coil (266) is nested in the melting coil and supplied at the time of injection by a high-frequency alternating current simultaneously with the supply of the coil (165), the two coils (165, 266) being supplied with phase-shifted alternating currents, so as to create a sliding field which tends to eject the molten charge from the melting crucible towards the molding cavity.
L'utilisation d'une telle bobine d'injection, est, selon un mode de réalisation, complémentaire à l'utilisation de la bobine plate, pour réaliser l'injection de la charge en fusion dans la cavité moulante.The use of such an injection coil is, according to one embodiment, complementary to the use of the flat coil, for injecting the molten charge into the molding cavity.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le creuset de fusion (160) est prolongé par un creuset ou cylindre d'injection (260) lequel est avantageusement entouré par une bobine (265) alimentée par un courant à haute fréquence et formant un inducteur. Ledit creuset d'injection est par exemple constitué d'un matériau réfractaire transparent au champ électromagnétique, sans que cette configuration ne soit limitative. Ce creuset d'injection permet de traverser l'épaisseur de la partie du moule séparant la le creuset de fusion (160) de la cavité moulante, tout en conservant la charge en fusion suffisamment chaude. Ainsi, l'alimentation électrique de la bobine (265) entourant le creuset d'injection (260) a pour effet, d'une part, d'éloigner la charge en fusion (190) des parois du creuset d'injection (260) et d'autre part de conserver, par l'effet de chauffage inductif, la charge en fusion à une température suffisante avant son entrée dans la cavité moulante.According to one embodiment, the melting crucible (160) is extended by an injection crucible or cylinder (260) which is advantageously surrounded by a coil (265) supplied with a high frequency current and forming an inductor. Said injection crucible is for example made of a refractory material transparent to the electromagnetic field, without this configuration being limiting. This injection crucible makes it possible to pass through the thickness of the part of the mold separating the melting crucible (160) from the molding cavity, while keeping the molten charge sufficiently hot. Thus, the power supply to the coil (265) surrounding the injection crucible (260) has the effect, on the one hand, of moving the molten charge (190) of the walls of the injection crucible (260) and on the other hand to keep, by the effect of inductive heating, the molten charge at a sufficient temperature before it enters the molding cavity.
L'alimentation de l'inducteur d'injection, de la bobine plate (166), de la bobine d'injection (266), de la bobine (265) entourant le creuset d'injection (260) ainsi que le mouvement du piston sont pilotés, séquencés et synchronisés, par des moyens électroniques, par exemple par un automate programmable (non représenté).The supply of the injection inductor, the flat coil (166), the injection coil (266), the coil (265) surrounding the injection crucible (260) as well as the movement of the piston are controlled, sequenced and synchronized, by electronic means, for example by a programmable controller (not shown).
Selon des variantes de combinaison de ces modes de réalisation exposés ciavant, le dispositif objet de l'invention, permet la coulée par gravité simple et ne comprend à cette fin que le piston segmenté (180), ou une coulée par gravité assistée par un champs magnétique, combinaison comprenant le piston segmenté (180) associé à la bobine d'injection (266) et/ou la bobine plate (166). Selon une autre variante correspondant à une injection mécanique, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend le piston segmenté (180) escamotable faisant office de sole en partie inférieure du creuset de fusion et un piston d'injection (760) poussant la charge dans l'empreinte. Selon une autre variante de ce dernier mode de réalisation comprenant un piston d'injection (760), le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend en plus une bobine d'injection (266) apte à créer un champ magnétique glissant.According to variant combinations of these embodiments described above, the device which is the subject of the invention allows simple gravity casting and for this purpose only comprises the segmented piston (180), or gravity casting assisted by a field. magnetic, combination including segmented piston (180) associated with the injection coil (266) and / or the flat coil (166). According to another variant corresponding to a mechanical injection, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises the segmented piston (180) which can be retracted acting as a sole in the lower part of the melting crucible and an injection piston (760) pushing the charge into it. 'footprint. According to another variant of the latter embodiment comprising an injection piston (760), the device which is the subject of the invention further comprises an injection coil (266) capable of creating a sliding magnetic field.
Après le remplissage de la cavité moulante, la circulation d'un fluide caloporteur dans les canaux de refroidissement (125) du moule permet de refroidir rapidement la cavité moulante et la pièce qu'elle contient, assurant ainsi un fort taux d'amorphisation de celle-ci. Le moule est ensuite ouvert, la pièce démoulée et le cycle reprend.After filling the molding cavity, the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling channels (125) of the mold makes it possible to rapidly cool the molding cavity and the part it contains, thus ensuring a high rate of amorphization of the mold. -this. The mold is then opened, the part removed from the mold and the cycle resumes.
Bien que les
La disposition verticale du dispositif de fusion (350) sous le moule, permet de délivrer la charge dans ledit dispositif de fusion par gravité, moule ouvert. Le dispositif de fusion (350) comprend un creuset de fusion (360) sectorisé et refroidi comprenant de secteurs creux, par exemple constitués d'un acier inoxydable et isolés électriquement les uns des autres. Le creuset de fusion (360) est en communication avec la cavité moulante (310) par son extrémité supérieure, et fermé à son extrémité inférieure, par un piston (380) sectorisé. Ledit piston sectorisé est fixé sur une tige de manoeuvre (385) et des moyens de manoeuvre (386) permettent de déplacer verticalement ladite tige de manoeuvre (386) et par suite ledit piston (380). Une bobine d'induction (365) dite bobine de fusion, connectée à un générateur de courant à haute fréquence (non représenté) permet de générer un champ magnétique alternatif à haute fréquence dans le creuset de fusion et mettre en fusion la charge (190) qu'il contient. Le dispositif de fusion (350) est inséré dans une enceinte (355) étanche.The vertical arrangement of the melting device (350) under the mold makes it possible to deliver the charge into said gravity melting device, with the mold open. The melting device (350) comprises a sectorized and cooled melting crucible (360) comprising hollow sectors, for example made of a stainless steel and electrically insulated from each other. The melting crucible (360) is in communication with the molding cavity (310) by its upper end, and closed at its lower end, by a sectorized piston (380). Said sectorized piston is fixed to an operating rod (385) and operating means (386) allow said operating rod (386) to be moved vertically and consequently said piston (380). An induction coil (365) called a melting coil, connected to a high-frequency current generator (not shown) makes it possible to generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field in the melting crucible and to melt the charge (190) it contains. The fusion device (350) is inserted in a sealed enclosure (355).
La charge solide étant placée dans le creuset de fusion, fermé par le piston sectorisé (380), le moule est fermé et tiré au vide. Selon la matière injectée, le tirage au vide est suivi de l'injection d'un gaz neutre dans la cavité moulant (310) et dans l'enceinte de fusion (355). L'alimentation de la bobine (365) de fusion permet de mettre la charge (190) en fusion. Les forces de Laplace résultant des courants induits circulant dans les secteurs du creuset de fusion (360) et du piston sectorisé (380), éloignent la charge en fusion de leurs parois, de sorte que ladite charge en fusion se trouve en lévitation ou pseudo-lévitation électromagnétique sans contact.The solid charge being placed in the melting crucible, closed by the sectorized piston (380), the mold is closed and vacuumed. Depending on the material injected, the evacuation is followed by the injection of an inert gas into the molding cavity (310) and into the melting chamber (355). Feeding the fusion coil (365) allows the charge (190) to melt. The Laplace forces resulting from the induced currents flowing in the sectors of the melting crucible (360) and of the sectorized piston (380), move the molten charge away from their walls, so that said molten charge is levitated or pseudo- contactless electromagnetic levitation.
Pour réaliser la coulée, le piston sectorisé (380) est déplacé vers le haut par les moyens (386) agissant sur la tige de manoeuvre (385), ce qui a pour effet de pousser la charge (190) dans la cavité moulante, toujours sans contact entre la dite charge et ledit piston (380). Le refroidissement du piston (380) est contrôlé de sorte que la température à la surface du piston susceptible d'entrer en contact avec la charge en fusion en pseudo-lévitation, soit suffisante pour éviter la création d'un loup, mais pas trop élevée pour éviter le collage ou la soudure de la charge en fusion à la surface dudit piston.To carry out the casting, the sectorized piston (380) is moved upwards by the means (386) acting on the operating rod (385), which has the effect of pushing the load (190) into the molding cavity, always without contact between said load and said piston (380). The cooling of the piston (380) is controlled so that the temperature at the surface of the piston likely to come into contact with the load in pseudo-levitation fusion, is sufficient to avoid the creation of a wolf, but not too high to avoid sticking or welding of the molten charge to the surface of said piston.
Préalablement à la coulée, les surfaces de la cavité moulante (310) sont portées à une température égale ou légèrement inférieure à la température de transition vitreuse du BMG mis en oeuvre, par l'alimentation en courant à haute fréquence des inducteurs (320), du moule, de sorte à favoriser un remplissage uniforme de l'empreinte. Puis, la cavité moulante est refroidie rapidement, par la circulation d'un fluide caloporteur dans les canaux de refroidissement (125) du moule. Le moule est alors ouvert, la pièce démoulée et le cycle reprend.Prior to casting, the surfaces of the molding cavity (310) are brought to a temperature equal to or slightly lower than the glass transition temperature of the BMG used, by the high-frequency current supply to the inductors (320), of the mold, so as to promote uniform filling of the impression. Then, the molding cavity is cooled rapidly, by the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in the cooling channels (125) of the mold. The mold is then opened, the part unmolded and the cycle resumes.
Selon une variante de ce mode de réalisation, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend un creuset d'injection mettant en communication le creuset de fusion et la cavité moulante, et une bobine entourant ledit creuset d'injection permettant de conserver la température de la charge en fusion lors de son trajet entre le creuset de fusion et la cavité moulante.According to a variant of this embodiment, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises an injection crucible placing the melting crucible and the molding cavity in communication, and a coil surrounding said injection crucible making it possible to maintain the temperature of the molten charge as it travels between the melting crucible and the molding cavity.
Selon une variante de l'un quelconque des modes de réalisation du dispositif objet de l'invention, celui-ci comprend plusieurs dispositif de fusion et d'injection parallèles pour assurer un meilleur remplissage de l'empreinte.According to a variant of any one of the embodiments of the device which is the subject of the invention, the latter comprises several parallel fusion and injection devices to ensure better filling of the impression.
En résumé, le procédé et le dispositif objets de l'invention permettent de réaliser des pièces en métal amorphe à haute cadence, plus particulièrement des pièces minces, tout en assurant un taux d'amorphisation élevé de celles-ci.In summary, the method and the device which are the subject of the invention make it possible to produce parts in amorphous metal at high speed, more particularly thin parts, while ensuring a high rate of amorphization thereof.
Claims (12)
- Device for producing a part by molding a bulk metal glass (BMG) alloy, comprising:a. a mold comprising two dies shells (101, 102, 301, 302) delimiting a sealed molding cavity (110, 310);b. a device for melting the bulk metal glass (BMG) alloy comprising:bi. a cold sectorized crucible (160, 360), called melting crucible, arranged vertically comprising hollow sectors (161) formed from an electrically conductive andnon-magnetic material electrically insulated from one another;bii. an inductor (165, 365) in the form of a coil surrounding said melting crucible for heating the content thereof;biii. means for generating very high-frequency current for powering the inductor;c. means for connecting the content of the melting crucible (160, 360) with the molding cavity (110, 310) and casting the BMG;and comprising a sectorized piston (180, 380) forming the melting crucible (160, 360) at one of its ends, said piston comprises hollow sectors (481...486) made of an electrically conductive and non-magnetic material electrically insulated from one another, said piston (180, 360) being configured in such a way that when it is subjected to the alternating magnetic field of the inductor (165, 365) powered by the means for generating a high-frequency current, induced currents (500) circulate in the sectors of said piston (180, 380) and create a force that repels from the surface of the piston (180, 380) the bulk metal glass (BMG) alloy being located in the melting crucible, characterized in that it comprises induction heating means (120, 320) of the molding cavity (110, 310) and channels (125, 325) for circulating a coolant and cooling said molding cavity.
- Device according to claim 1, wherein the means for connecting the content of the melting crucible with the molding cavity (110, 310) comprise a device (186, 386) for vertical movement of the piston (180, 380).
- Device according to claim 2, wherein the melting crucible (160) is positioned above the molding cavity (110) and the piston (180) moves downwards.
- Device according to claim 2, wherein the melting crucible (360) is positioned below the molding cavity (310) and the piston (380) moves upwards.
- Device according to claim 2 or claim 3 comprising a channel, called injection crucible (260), between the melting crucible (160) and the molding cavity (110).
- Device according to claim 5, comprising a coil (265) surrounding the injection crucible and powered with high-frequency current.
- Device according to claim 5, comprising a coil, called injection coil (166, 266) and means for the electrical power supply thereof, suitable for producing an electromagnetic force for the injection of the molten material (190) contained in the melting crucible (160), into the molding cavity, through the injection crucible.
- Device according to claim 7, wherein the injection coil is a flat coil (166) powered by a capacitor discharge.
- Device according to claim 7, wherein the injection coil comprises a coil (266) imbricated in the coil forming the melting coil, said injection coil being powered by a high-frequency alternating current out of phase with respect to the alternating current powering the melting coil so as to create a sliding field.
- Device according to claim 1, wherein the sectors (481...486) of the melting crucible and the piston (180) are made of stainless steel.
- Method for molding a part from a bulk metal glass (BMG) alloy implementing a device according to claims 1 and comprising steps of:i. charging (610) the melting crucible (160, 360) closed by the sectorized piston (180, 380);ii. closing the mold (620) and evacuating the molding cavity and the melting crucible (160, 369);iii. melting the charge contained in the melting crucible (630) by means of the inductor, the sectorized piston (180, 380) being subjected to the magnetic field of said inductor;iv. preheating (640) the mold by means of the mold induction circuit (120, 320), so as to bring the surfaces of the molding cavity to a temperature equal to or slightly less than the glass transition temperature of the bulk metal glass (BMG) alloy;v. carrying out the casting (650) by moving the sectorized piston;vi. cooling the mold (660) by circulating a coolant in the cooling channels (125, 325) of the mold;vii. opening the mold and releasing the part (670).
- Method according to claim 11 wherein steps iii) and iv) are carried out in parallel.
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PCT/EP2018/079357 WO2019081687A1 (en) | 2017-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Method and device for moulding, in particular a metallic glass |
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FR3044748B1 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-07-19 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | COLD HOLLOW OVEN HEATED BY TWO ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCERS, USE OF THE OVEN FOR THE FUSION OF A MIXTURE OF METAL (UX) AND OXIDE (S) REPRESENTATIVE OF A CORIUM |
US9821359B2 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-11-21 | Rasoul Jelokhani Niaraki | High-speed hydraulic forming of metal and non-metal sheets using electromagnetic fields |
JP6745642B2 (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2020-08-26 | 芝浦機械株式会社 | Die casting machine and method for forming solid-liquid coexisting metal |
-
2017
- 2017-10-25 FR FR1771119A patent/FR3072768B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-10-17 TW TW107136553A patent/TWI787369B/en active
- 2018-10-25 EP EP18789433.2A patent/EP3700695B1/en active Active
- 2018-10-25 CN CN201880069781.6A patent/CN111372705B/en active Active
- 2018-10-25 WO PCT/EP2018/079357 patent/WO2019081687A1/en unknown
- 2018-10-25 US US16/757,758 patent/US20210187602A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI787369B (en) | 2022-12-21 |
CN111372705A (en) | 2020-07-03 |
TW201923110A (en) | 2019-06-16 |
FR3072768B1 (en) | 2020-01-24 |
FR3072768A1 (en) | 2019-04-26 |
EP3700695A1 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
US20210187602A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
WO2019081687A1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
CN111372705B (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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