EP3670753A1 - Driving apparatus and method for driving piles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ramming device and a method for ramming material to be rammed (5) into a floor, a carrier device (12) having a mast (23) being provided, on which a base slide (23) along a guide (22) of the mast (23) 30) is moved with an impact unit (40), impact impulses being generated by means of the impact unit (40), with which the pile (5) is rammed into the ground. According to the invention, the striking unit (40) is connected to the basic slide (30) via a connecting cable (36) at a distance that changes during a ramming process, the connecting cable (36) being used during a ramming process by means of a tensioning device ( 50) is kept in a tensioned state.

Description

The invention relates to a ramming device for ramming material into a floor, with a carrier device, a mast, which is attached to the carrier device, a basic slide, which is linearly movable and driven along a guide of the mast, and an impact unit, which with the basic slide is connected and guided along the mast, the impact unit being designed to generate impact impulses for ramming the pile, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for ramming rammed material into a ground, wherein a carrier device with a mast is provided, on which a basic slide with a striking unit is moved along a guide of the mast, with the striking unit generating impulses with which the ramming material is generated is rammed into the ground, according to the preamble of claim 11.

Such ramming devices have been known for a long time and are used, for example, for driving piles, steel girders or planks. These ramming devices have a striking unit, also called a hammer, which is used either hanging on a rope, riding freely or guided on a mast. In the latter case, the striking unit is pulled up along the mast by means of a rope of a winch, the pile material being introduced at a receptacle on the underside of the striking unit. The ramming material is driven into or pressed into the ground by operating the hammer. Depending on the resistance of the corresponding soil layer, the pile is brought into the soil by a certain amount. Due to the changing strength of the soil, the depth of penetration can change with the individual ramming.

When guiding the striking unit by means of a rope, it is known to apply a certain residual tensile force to the rope holding the striking unit in order to avoid a slack rope on the winch. Slack ropes lead to increased rope wear and can also cause the rope to jump out of the guide rollers. When applying a residual tensile force, however, there is basically the problem that a residual tensile force that is too high or too rigid in time leads to the impact unit not being able to be optimally adjusted. This can reduce the rate of penetration and overall performance of the pile driver. In addition, the rope can be exposed to increased forces and thus increased wear.

When using so-called telescopic leader devices, the striking unit is not guided by means of a cable winch, but rather can be moved with a so-called leader carriage. It is known to provide a guide carriage on the leader carriage for the striking unit, which compensates for the travel path resulting during a striking pulse. In the meantime, the leader carriage must be traced. Such an arrangement is complex in terms of control technology and construction. An elaborate construction at the top of a mast also significantly impairs the stability of the entire device and the permissible load.

The invention has for its object to provide a piling apparatus and a method for driving piles into the ground, with which in a simple structure, an efficient driving operation can be achieved.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a ramming device with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method with the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The ramming device according to the invention is characterized in that the striking unit is connected to the basic slide at a variable distance via a connecting cable which is held in a tensioned state by means of a tensioning device.

A basic idea of the invention is to provide a ramming device with a mast, along which a movable basic slide is guided linearly. The percussion unit is not attached directly to the base slide, but is connected to the base slide at a distance from it via a connecting cable. The connecting cable allows a flexible, changing distance between the basic slide and the impact unit during a ramming process. This flexible distance thus enables the impact unit with the pile to be moved efficiently and reliably in accordance with the travel path caused by an impact. In addition, the flexible cable connection prevents impact impulses from being noticeably transmitted to the basic slide and thus to the mast and the carrier device, so that the overall construction is protected. This increases the lifespan of the pile driver overall.

The striking unit is guided directly on the mast, preferably along the same linear guide that is provided for the basic slide. The storage of the striking unit directly on the mast also reduces the risk of the ramming device tipping over.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a tensioning device is provided, by means of which the connecting cable is held in a tensioned state during the ramming process. This prevents that, for example, when the base slide approaches the striking unit during the ramming process, slack rope is formed which could be damaged between the base slide and the striking unit.

In principle, the tensioning direction can be designed in any way with corresponding flexible or elastic elements, for example with hydraulic tensioning pistons. According to a development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the tensioning device has at least one tension spring. The at least one tension spring is preferably a tension spring. The use of a tension spring allows an overall inexpensive and compact structure.

According to an embodiment variant of the ramming device according to the invention, it is advantageous that the tensioning device has at least one rocker arm, to which the connecting cable is attached and which is pivotable and spring-loaded the basic slide is articulated. With a swinging or swiveling rocker, the connecting cable can be moved transversely to the axial direction and thus laterally outwards when the striking unit and basic slide approach. As a result, the connecting cable is protected from damage and a particularly good approximation between the basic slide and the striking unit guided along the mast is possible.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in that a control unit is provided, which controls a tracking of the basic slide to the striking unit when driving in. The control unit is in particular designed such that the basic slide is tracked to the impact unit in such a way that there is always a minimum distance between the basic slide and the impact unit during the entire ramming process and there is no direct contact. This avoids the transmission of unwanted vibrations to the basic slide and the overall construction.

Furthermore, the control unit can be designed in such a way that the base slide and the striking unit are not so far apart from one another when driving in that the connecting cable is completely stretched. This protects the connecting cable and also prevents unwanted vibrations from being transmitted to the basic slide. An elongated connecting rope is at most given when, after the ramming process, the basic slide along the mast is moved up again and the striking unit attached via the connecting rope is retightened.

For efficient control, it is provided in a further development of the invention that at least one sensor for detecting a measured value is arranged on the tensioning device, which sensor represents a measure for the distance between the basic slide and the striking unit, and that the control unit adjusts depending on the at least one controls the measured value. If the predetermined upper and lower distance values between the basic slide and the striking unit are exceeded or undershot, the control unit can reliably follow up.

The at least one sensor can be designed to measure the distance value directly or indirectly. An advantageous embodiment consists of a Development of the invention in that a sensor is designed to detect an angular position of the rocker. An angular position on a rotatable machine part can be carried out in a simple and reliable manner. Since the dimensions of the rocker arm and the connecting cable attached to it are known, a reliable statement regarding the axial distance between the basic slide and the impact unit can be determined in the control unit on the basis of the angular position.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided according to a preferred embodiment of the invention that at least one sensor is designed to detect a distance and / or an approach. Such distance or proximity sensors can, for example, work optically, in particular with a laser, inductively, capacitively or with a resistance measurement. In this way, a reliable distance value can also be determined in a relatively simple manner.

According to an embodiment variant of the invention, it is advantageous that the striking unit is designed as a hydraulic hammer unit or a diesel hammer unit. The impact unit has at least one movable impact piston arranged in a housing. In the case of a hydraulic hammer unit, the percussion piston is raised by hydraulic energy, while in the case of a diesel hammer unit, it is raised by a combustion or explosion process. Desired impact impulses can be achieved in a particularly robust manner with both hammer units.

Basically, the mast of the ramming device can be designed in any way. It is particularly preferred that the mast is designed as a leader, in particular as a telescopic leader. In the case of a telescopic leader, the leader is constructed in two parts, a mast part which can be moved thereon being arranged on a rigid mast part. The basic slide and the striking unit can be movably supported on the movable mast part along a guide. A telescopic leader is advantageous due to the adjustability of the mast for the introduction of particularly long rammed material.

A further advantageous embodiment of the ramming device according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the carrier device has an undercarriage on which an upper carriage with the mast is rotatably mounted. The undercarriage can in particular have a crawler track. The drives and an operating station are preferably provided on the superstructure.

With regard to the method according to the invention, this is characterized in that the percussion unit is connected to the basic slide via a connecting cable with a distance which changes during a ramming process, the connecting cable being held in a tensioned state by means of a tensioning device during a ramming process.

The method can be carried out in particular with the ramming device described above. The advantages described above can be achieved with the method.

A preferred embodiment variant of the method according to the invention consists in that a method of the basic slide is controlled depending on the ramming process. This enables a particularly efficient ramming of the pile to be driven into the ground.

It is particularly advantageous that a distance between the basic slide and the striking unit is detected and that when an upper limit value is exceeded, the basic slide is tracked and the distance is reduced to a desired value. If a certain distance size is reached, the basic slide is reduced to a lower target distance value by appropriate movement of the basic slide. Excessive loading of the connecting cable by a tensile force is avoided with the connecting cable fully stretched. In addition, the basic carriage is automatically adjusted without interrupting the ramming process. In the event of a so-called fall through of the pile, for example when entering a larger cavity in the floor, the ramming process can be interrupted by the control unit or a warning signal can be output due to a sudden extension of the connecting cable.

In a corresponding manner, a distance between the basic slide and the striking unit can be increased to a predetermined larger target distance if the value falls below a lower limit in order to avoid undesired direct contact between the basic slide and the striking unit.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Rammvorrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht von Grundschlitten und Schlageinheit bei einem nach-oben-Fahren;

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung von Fig. 2 zu Beginn eines Rammvorganges;

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung von Fig. 2 und Fig. 3 in einer ersten Phase beim Rammen;

Fig. 5

eine Seitenansicht der Anordnung von Fig. 4 in einer zweiten Phase beim Rammen; und

Fig. 6

eine Vorderansicht der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 3.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawings. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a ramming device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

an enlarged side view of the base carriage and impact unit when driving upwards;

Fig. 3

a side view of the arrangement of Fig. 2 at the beginning of a ramming process;

Fig. 4

a side view of the arrangement of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in a first phase when ramming;

Fig. 5

a side view of the arrangement of Fig. 4 in a second phase when ramming; and

Fig. 6

a front view of the arrangement according to Fig. 3 .

A ramming device 10 according to the invention is exemplified in FIG Fig. 1 shown, the ramming device 10 having a carrier device 12 with an undercarriage 14, which is designed as a crawler track, and an upper carriage 16 rotatably mounted thereon with an operating station 18. A mast 23 in the form of a telescopic leader with a rigid leader element 20 is attached to the superstructure 16 essentially vertically via a basically known adjusting mechanism 19. The adjustment mechanism 19 permits both pivoting movements of the mast 23 from the vertical and also movement movements of the mast 23 in the longitudinal direction of the superstructure and in a vertical direction. On the rigid leader element 20, a movable leader element 21 is provided as a further component, which is guided to be movable and adjustable along the rigid leader element 20.

A linear guide 22 is formed on a front side of the movable leader element 21, along which a base slide 30, also called leader slide, is movably mounted. The base slide 30 is over a rope, not shown, which is connected to the rigid broker element 20 via a roller, also not shown, attached to the movable leader element 21. If the movable leader element 21 is raised by means of a telescopic cylinder (not shown), the basic slide 30 also moves upwards.

Furthermore, a block-like striking unit 40 is displaceably guided along the guide 22 of the leader element 21. A frame-like adapter device 42 on the upper area of the impact unit 40 can be connected to the base slide 30 via a connecting cable 36. Between the striking unit 40 and the base slide 30, only a connecting cable 36 is provided as a transmission element for vertical forces, which is advantageous when ramming material 5 by means of the striking unit 40. In Fig. 1 a pile-shaped element with a rectangular cross section is provided as the pile 5, which is received and held in a receptacle (not shown) at the lower end of the striking unit 40.

In the detailed view of Fig. 2 is the connection between the base slide 30 and the impact unit 40 of the ramming device 10 of Fig. 1 shown in more detail in the state in which the striking unit 40 is moved upwards along the guide 22 of the leader element 21 with the base slide 30 via a lifting rope (not shown) by moving the adjustable leader element 21.

In this state according to Fig. 2 the basic slide 30 and the impact unit 40 are at a maximum distance from one another, the connecting cable 36 articulated on the frame-like adapter device 42 of the impact unit 40 being tensioned and completely stretched. An upper end of the connecting cable 36 is articulated to a rod-shaped rocker 52 which is also articulated on the coupling device 32 of the basic slide 30. The rocker 52 is part of a tensioning device 50 which has tension springs 54 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, are designed as tension springs.

When the base slide 30 with the striking unit 40 has arrived at an upper end region of the guide 22, an upper end of the pile-like pile material 5 can be received and held in a receptacle 44 of the striking unit 40. For this purpose, the striking unit 40 can be moved to the base slide 30 by lowering the adjustable leader 21 can be moved down. In this state, there is still a distance A between the base slide 30 and the striking unit 40. This distance A is smaller than the length of the connecting cable 36 and the rocker 52. To avoid slack rope, which could be damaged between the striking unit 40 and the base slide 30 , The connecting cable 36 is held in a tensioned state via the tensioning device 50. For this purpose, the tension springs 54 pull the pivotally mounted rocker 52 laterally upward, so that the connecting cable 36 is tensioned, as from Fig. 3 emerges.

At a first stop position of the base slide 30, which in Fig. 4 is shown, a percussion pulse can now be exerted on the pile 5 by a percussion piston within the percussion unit 40. It is important that the striking unit 40 can follow the ramming material 5 when the ramming material 5 penetrates the ground, while the striking unit 40 is still reliably connected to the base slide 30 without vibrations being transmitted.

This necessary flexibility in the connection between the base slide 30 and the striking unit 40 is brought about by the connecting cable 36 in combination with the tensioning device 50, as can be seen clearly from FIGS Figures 4 and 5 emerges. FIGS. 4 and 5 show the displacement of the striking unit 40 with the pile 5 during a pile driving operation in accordance with the penetration of the pile 5 into the ground. In particular, it can be seen that a distance between the base slide 30 and the impact unit 40 increases during this actual ramming process, the increasing distance being compensated for by a change in the angular position of the rocker 52 of the tensioning device 50. In all angular positions of the rocker 52, the tension spring 54, which is arranged between the upper end of the rocker 52 and the basic slide 30, ensures sufficient tension of the connecting cable 36, so that the slack cable is avoided.

To avoid overextension of the rocker 52 and the connecting cable 36, in which the rocker 52 and the connecting cable 36 are aligned along the mast 20 during ramming, due to an excessive distance between the basic slide 30 and the striking unit 40, a sensor 60 is on the basic slide 30 for detecting an angular position of the rocker 52, a proximity sensor 62a and a distance sensor 62b, which are designed to determine a distance between the base slide 30 and the impact unit 40. The measured values recorded in each case are forwarded to a control unit, which controls a tracking of the basic slide 30 to the striking unit 40. This can be done by corresponding control pulses to the control of the telescopic cylinder, which moves the adjustable leader element. Overall, the control unit is also designed to indirectly determine the distance between the basic slide 30 and the impact unit 40 on the basis of the angle measurement to the rocker 52 and taking into account the geometric relationships. Overstretching of the connecting cable 36 can thus be avoided. This protects the connecting cable 36 and prevents excessive vibrations from being transmitted to the base slide 30.

Such a tracking of the basic slide 30 to the striking unit 40 is shown in the illustration in FIG Fig. 6 clarifies. By tracking the basic slide 30, a distance can be reduced to a desired distance A1 from the impact unit 40. At this target distance A1, a further impact pulse can then be executed by the impact unit 40. After reaching a desired final depth of the pile 5 in the ground, the basic slide 30 with the attached impact unit 40 can then correspond to the state of Fig. 2 be pulled up again to pick up a new pile 5.

Claims (13)

Ramming device for ramming rammed material (5) into a floor, with - a carrier device (12), - a mast (23) which is attached to the carrier device (12), - A base slide (30) which is linearly movable and driven along a guide (22) of the mast (23) and - an impact unit (40) which is connected to the base slide (30) and is guided along the mast (23), the impact unit (40) being designed to generate impact impulses for driving in the pile (5), characterized, - That the impact unit (40) is connected to the base slide (30) with a variable distance via a connecting cable (36) which is held in a tensioned state by means of a tensioning device (50). A ramming device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the tensioning device (50) has at least one tension spring (54). Ramming device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the tensioning device (50) has at least one rocker arm (52), to which the connecting cable (36) is attached and which is pivotably and spring-loaded articulated on the base slide (30). Ramming device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that a control unit is provided which controls a tracking of the basic slide (30) to the impact unit (40) when driving in. Ramming device according to claim 4,
characterized,
that at least one sensor (60) for detecting a measured value is arranged on the tensioning device (50), which represents a measure of the distance between the basic slide (30) and the impact unit (40), and
that the control unit controls tracking as a function of the at least one measured value recorded. Driving device according to claim 5,
characterized,
that a sensor (60) is designed to detect an angular position of the rocker (52). Driving device according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized,
that at least one sensor (62) is designed to detect a distance and / or an approach. Ramming device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized,
that the impact unit (40) is designed as a hydraulic hammer unit or a diesel hammer unit. Ramming device according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the mast (23) is designed as a leader, in particular a telescopic leader. Ramming device according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the carrier device (12) has an undercarriage (14) on which an upper carriage (16) with the mast (23) is rotatably mounted. Method for ramming rammed material (5) into a ground, in particular with a ramming device (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, a carrier device (12) having a mast (23) being provided, along which a guide (22) of the mast (23), a basic slide (30) is moved with a striking unit (40), the striking unit (40) being used to generate impact pulses with which the pile (5) is rammed into the ground,
characterized,
that the striking unit (40) is connected to the base slide (30) via a connecting cable (36) at a distance which changes during a ramming process, the connecting cable (36) being tensioned in a ramming process by means of a tensioning device (50) is held. A method according to claim 11,
characterized,
that a method of the basic slide (30) is controlled depending on the ramming process. Method according to claim 12,
characterized,
that a distance between the base slide (30) and the striking unit (40) is detected and
that if an upper limit value is exceeded, the basic slide (30) is tracked and the distance is reduced to a target value.

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