EP3446101B1 - Characterization of a surface of an equipment during a product preparation and/or product packaging - Google Patents

Characterization of a surface of an equipment during a product preparation and/or product packaging Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3446101B1
EP3446101B1 EP17721550.6A EP17721550A EP3446101B1 EP 3446101 B1 EP3446101 B1 EP 3446101B1 EP 17721550 A EP17721550 A EP 17721550A EP 3446101 B1 EP3446101 B1 EP 3446101B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packaging
oder
und
food
product
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EP17721550.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3446101A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert BRUNNQUELL
Gerd Martin HÜBNER
Volker Sassmannshausen
Manfred Weidlich
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GEA Food Solutions Germany GmbH
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GEA Food Solutions Germany GmbH
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Publication of EP3446101A1 publication Critical patent/EP3446101A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for processing and / or packaging a food product or a medical or pharmacological product and / or other hygiene-sensitive product with a processing, handling and / or packaging machine.
  • Another object of the present invention is a processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging machine and a measuring device for measuring a surface coating on bacteria and / or their metabolic products and / or biochemical reaction products on a food and / or on a processing, in particular Food processing and / or on a packaging machine.
  • the object is achieved with a method for processing and / or packaging a food product or a medical or pharmacological product and / or hygiene-sensitive product with a processing, handling and / or packaging machine, in which a coating of the surface of the food product or the medical device or pharmacological product and / or hygiene-sensitive product and / or the processing and / or packaging machine and / or the protective clothing of a worker with bacteria and / or their metabolic products and / or biochemical reaction products with UV radiation is stimulated, the fluorescent reflection of the covering is measured and the measurement results obtained are stored in a storage medium which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification.
  • a method for cleaning a processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging, in particular food packaging machine in which the coating of the processing and / or packaging machine with bacteria is cleaned before and / or during and / or after and / or whose metabolic products are measured.
  • a method for cleaning a processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging, in particular food packaging machine in which when a predetermined limit value is reached or exceeded, the number of bacteria and / or the amount of their metabolites and / or or the presence of previously determined, for example particularly dangerous and / or undesirable bacteria, the processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging, in particular food packaging machine, is stopped and / or a critical hygiene status is displayed on a visualization unit and / or cleaning of the machine is recommended .
  • the machine can preferably only be restarted when the cleaning of the machine is specially acknowledged.
  • a method for cleaning the protective clothing of a worker is characterized in that the coating of the protective clothing with bacteria and / or their metabolic products is measured before and / or during and / or after cleaning. After the measurement, the worker is preferably informed about the hygienic condition of his protective clothing, for example by an acoustic or visual, e.g. B. light signal and / or a text in which the worker is asked to change protective clothing, for example.
  • an acoustic or visual e.g. B. light signal and / or a text in which the worker is asked to change protective clothing, for example.
  • a method for cleaning the protective clothing of a worker is characterized in that the color or another hygiene-related identification feature of the protective clothing of the worker is preferably determined cyclically, for example every hour, for example with a color detection sensor and the worker attention is drawn to this, for example by a warning on the Operating unit and / or a vibration alarm on a mobile warning device that the worker carries with him that, for example, the hygienic changing of protective clothing is imminent or must be done immediately.
  • a food in the sense of the invention is any vegetable or animal food.
  • the food contains protein.
  • the food is meat, fish or cheese.
  • their processing products such as sausage, or breaded and / or heat-treated meat or heat-treated fish are also a foodstuff in the sense of the invention.
  • a medical or pharmacological object in the sense of the invention is, for example, a surgical set, a syringe or a liquid bag, as well as a tablet, powder, ointment or cream.
  • Another hygiene-sensitive product is, for example, a color liquid which, for. B. is intended for inkjet cartridges for printers and which, for example, should not be contaminated with bacteria and / or is perishable.
  • a method for packaging food includes, in particular, the hermetic, airtight sealing of the food in a packaging material, in particular in a packaging film.
  • the packaging is carried out with a form-fill-seal packaging machine, for example a thermoformer, a traysealer or a tubular bag machine.
  • Protective clothing of a worker includes, for example, his shoes, apron, but especially his gloves.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that it is not sufficient if the food per se has a low bacterial load, but that this must also apply to the machines, the packaging material and the worker, in particular to the areas which are directly or at least indirectly involved come into contact with the food or medical / pharmacological / other hygiene sensitive object.
  • the product-contacting surface is preferably used the machine and / or the control panel measured on surface covering.
  • the measurement is preferably carried out on the slicer knife and / or the line-up belt and / or the belts or transport devices which follow it downstream and by means of which the cut food stack is preferably transported into the packaging machine and inserted there into the packaging.
  • the measurement is preferably carried out on the gripper, for example by moving the gripper into a measuring position at cyclic intervals and measuring there. After changing the gripper, a control measurement is preferably carried out.
  • the surface on a covering is preferably measured before and / or after the replacement part has been mounted on the respective machine.
  • the measurement can take place while the surface is stationary and / or during its movement.
  • the surface of the food product and / or the packaging material can take place before and / or during the respective preference;
  • This has the advantage that the entire measuring system can be manufactured more economically, since, for example, if n rows and m columns are preferred, only n measuring heads are required to measure in all n rows, whereas when the surface is at a standstill according to the format of the packaging machine nxm measuring heads are required.
  • the measuring beams of which are deflected, for example, by means of a trackable mirror optics, and when the surfaces are stationary and / or during the movement of the surfaces, the measuring beams are deflected and tracked in such a way that, for example, the measurement is carried out in succession on all surfaces.
  • trackable mirror optics are known, for example, from laser measuring systems or marking systems.
  • the measurement results obtained are stored in a storage medium, for example an RFID, which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification.
  • a storage medium for example an RFID, which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification.
  • the measurement data and / or the analysis result are printed on the packaging and / or on their labels, preferably in coded form or also in plain text as an assessment aid for the consumer, in particular in combination with the measurement date.
  • a sensor used for the measurement is calibrated.
  • the reference measurement on a food in particular a very fresh food
  • the germ infestation on the surface, for. B. can be killed with UV light and / or whose metabolic products have been deactivated / removed.
  • the bacteria are preferably killed off using UV radiation, in particular at a wavelength of 180-220 nm, preferably 195-205 nm.
  • the calibration is preferably carried out taking into account the packaging material, i.e. the influence of the packaging material on the measured value is taken into account during calibration.
  • the packaging material is preferably designed in such a way that it does not impede the measurement or in a reproducible manner, which can be corrected, for example, by physical or software filters; the packaging material is preferably clear or unclouded / transparent in the region of the beam path, but can also have a certain cloudiness and / or one certain color application, for example printing, which is taken into account, for example, in the calibration and / or the intensity of the measuring beam or beams.
  • the cleaning result is preferably checked after it has been completely cleaned, for example in the night shift and / or on parts / areas of the respective machine after one Interim cleaning, e.g. B. Wipe cleaning of the control panel and / or the insertion area with cleaning cloths.
  • Interim cleaning e.g. B. Wipe cleaning of the control panel and / or the insertion area with cleaning cloths.
  • This result is also preferably stored in a memory.
  • the hygiene status of the respective machine can be checked at the beginning or at the end of the shift.
  • the value at the end of the shift or another measured value is preferably used to determine the subsequent cleaning program.
  • the cleaning program is determined based on the measured results. After cleaning, a check can again be made to ensure that the cleaning was sufficient.
  • Another object of the present invention is a food processing and / or packaging machine which has a sensor with which a coating of the surface of the food product and / or the processing and / or packaging machine and / or the protective clothing of a worker with bacteria and / or whose metabolic products are measured and the measurement results obtained are stored in a storage medium which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification.
  • the machine according to the invention has a sensor with which the deposit on bacteria and / or their metabolic products can be analyzed.
  • This sensor is preferably connected to the respective machine in a fixed position and is connected in particular to the power supply of the machine.
  • the sensor is preferably removed or covered when cleaning the machine.
  • the packaging machine preferably has a light source which in particular emits light with a wavelength of 390-410 nm. This radiation can take the form of points or areas. The radiation is preferably carried out in such a way that a worker remains unaffected by it.
  • the machine according to the invention preferably has several sensors, each of which analyzes one package. Each packaging can thus be analyzed individually.
  • the measurement result is analyzed, for example directly in the measuring head of the sensor and / or in an external control system on the machine.
  • the result obtained can be used to control the respective machine or a line consisting of several machines. For example, packaging and / or batches with too high a number of bacteria can be discarded and / or a sterilization and / or Cleaning processes, for example automatically started with radiation and / or a corresponding chemical agent, or at least suggested by a controller.
  • process parameters of the respective machine can be set differently based on the measurement result.
  • the composition of the changed atmosphere can be changed depending on the measurement result or analysis result.
  • the communication between the sensor and z. B. the control of the machine wireless, z. B. via WLAN, Bluetooth.
  • the machine is preferably connected to the company's intranet, so that the measurement results are also available remotely from the respective machine.
  • the machine preferably has a control panel or a line a control station.
  • the hygiene status of the respective machine is preferably displayed on its control panel and / or on the control center.
  • the status of the packaging machine and / or its components is displayed.
  • a service and / or cleaning instruction, for. B. derived from the analysis data and displayed in particular on the control panel and / or control center.
  • the analysis software is preferably self-learning, for example by using an algorithm to optimize and / or adjust the measurement task based on previous measurements such that it leads faster and / or more specifically to the measurement and / or analysis result.
  • the analysis software preferably generates a forecast or prediction of the measurement result to be expected at a specific later point in time, for example in the sense of a best before date (MHD), on the basis of one or more, preferably time-spaced, measurements.
  • MHD best before date
  • the analysis software preferably uses suitable messages to inform the operator of predicted measurement results and - in the case of measurement results to be classified as critical - about possible errors and / or error sources that lead to the measurement results to be classified as critical, and about typical remedies for these errors or sources of error.
  • the operator himself can preferably feed the analysis software with further possible errors and / or error sources and / or further typical remedies from his wealth of experience in order to further improve the analysis software.
  • the warehouse control or the merchandise management system for example in the retail store, is preferably hygienically controlled in that the packaging is made available for sale on the basis of the measurement result, for example placed in the store display, preferably the packaging with the highest load with harmful Surface covering of bacteria and / or their metabolic products and / or of biochemical reaction products are placed in the display, and the placement in the display does not take place according to the first-in, first-out principle.
  • This ensures that the packaging with the highest load and / or which would lead to the earliest spoilage of the food is sold first and mostly consumed by the consumer first, thus reducing the waste of spoiled food and optimizing resource consumption.
  • the consumer can preferably have a check measurement carried out or have it carried out at the cash register and / or checkweigher in the retail store, the result of the measurement showing, for example, whether that stated on the packaging
  • the best-before date according to the current state of hygiene i.e. the exposure to surface covering, may or may not be expected in this way.
  • a measuring device for measuring a surface coating on bacteria and / or their metabolic products on a food and / or on a food processing and / or packaging machine, which is an agent with a multipixel sensor, for example a CCD camera acts, which is preferably equipped with color filters for limiting and / or amplifying at least parts of the spectral range of light.
  • the retroreflected radiation is received by a means, in particular a camera, with a multipixel sensor and analyzed with corresponding software, for example image recognition software and / or spectral analysis software.
  • a light filter can be provided in front of the multiplex sensor, which only allows a certain wave range, in particular the wave range specified above, to pass.
  • the excitation light source is preferably a point and / or area light source, e.g. B. UV light, for example as laser and / or LED light and / or gas discharge light, preferably with a pixel structure, particularly preferably with a control / regulation of the intensity of each individual or a group of pixels, in particular for the purpose of surface excitation or pixel-by-pixel excitation .
  • B. UV light for example as laser and / or LED light and / or gas discharge light
  • the means for measurement is preferably of modular construction, for example for exchanging optics / optical assemblies or the sensor chip for adapting the sensor to the measurement object and / or its properties / quality parameters.
  • the means is controlled and / or regulated, for example activated, by the respective machine or by the line control.
  • the wavelength of the radiation source can preferably be changed, in particular from approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm.
  • the sensor can be used to detect bacteria or their metabolites and to kill bacteria.
  • Figure 1 shows the packaging machine 1 according to the invention, which has a deep-drawing station 2, a filling station 7 and a sealing station 15.
  • a plastic film web 8 the so-called bottom film web, is pulled off a supply roll and, preferably cyclically transported from right to left along the packaging machine according to the invention. In one cycle, the film web is transported on by one format length.
  • the packaging machine has two transport means (not shown), in the present case two endless chains, which are arranged to the right and left of the film web. Each endless chain has holding means, which each interact with an edge of the film web.
  • At least one gear wheel is provided for each chain, around which the respective chain is deflected. At least one of these gears is driven.
  • the gearwheels in the inlet area 19 and / or in the outlet area can be connected to one another, preferably by a rigid shaft.
  • Each means of transport has a plurality of clamping means, which grip the bottom film web 8 in the inlet area and transmit the movement of the means of transport to the bottom film web 8.
  • the jamming connection between the means of transport and the bottom film web is released again.
  • the deep-drawing station 2 which has an upper tool 3 and a lower tool 4, which has the shape of the packaging tray to be produced, the packaging trays 6 are molded into the bottom film web 8.
  • the lower tool 4 is arranged on a lifting table 5 which, as symbolized by the double arrow, is vertically adjustable.
  • the lower tool 4 Before each film feed, the lower tool 4 is lowered and then raised again. In the further course of the packaging machine, the packaging troughs are then filled with the packaging material 16 in the filling station 7.
  • the subsequent sealing station 19 which also consists of an upper tool 12 and a vertically adjustable lower tool 11, an upper film web is sealed onto the packaging tray.
  • the upper tool and / or the lower tool are lowered or raised before and after each film transport.
  • the upper film web 14 can also be deep-drawn and / or guided in transport means or transported by transport chains, these transport means then only extending from the sealing station and possibly downstream. Otherwise, the explanations that were made for the means of transport of the bottom film web apply.
  • a gas exchange preferably takes place in the sealing station, for example in order to reduce the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the packaging.
  • the finished packaging is also separated, which is done with the cutting tools 17, 18.
  • the cutting tool 18 can also be raised or lowered with a lifting device 9.
  • the packaging machine has at least one measuring device, for example a sensor 13, with which a coating of bacteria and / or their metabolic products on the packaged goods and / or the packaging material is analyzed.
  • a measuring device for example a sensor 13, with which a coating of bacteria and / or their metabolic products on the packaged goods and / or the packaging material is analyzed.
  • the surface to be analyzed is excited with UV radiation and the fluorescent back radiation of the surface is analyzed.
  • All packaging produced is preferably analyzed.
  • the analysis can be carried out with the film preference and / or afterwards.
  • the measurement results obtained are preferably stored individually for packaging, for controlling the packaging machine and / or for discharging individual packaging.
  • the packaging machine can be part of a line which has further machines upstream and / or downstream. One or more of these machines can have a sensor 13.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verarbeiten und/oder Verpacken eines Lebensmittelproduktes oder eines medizintechnischen oder pharmakologischen Produkts und/oder anderen Hygiene sensitiven Produkts mit einer Verarbeitungs-, Handhabungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine.The present invention relates to a method for processing and / or packaging a food product or a medical or pharmacological product and / or other hygiene-sensitive product with a processing, handling and / or packaging machine.

Noch ein Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Verarbeitungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverarbeitungs-und/oder Verpackungsmaschine sowie ein Messgerät zum Messen eines Oberflächenbelags an Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten und/oder von biochemischen Reaktionsprodukten auf einem Lebensmittel und/oder auf einer Verarbeitungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverarbeitungs- und/oder auf einer Verpackungsmaschine.Another object of the present invention is a processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging machine and a measuring device for measuring a surface coating on bacteria and / or their metabolic products and / or biochemical reaction products on a food and / or on a processing, in particular Food processing and / or on a packaging machine.

Bei der Verarbeitung und Verpackung von Lebensmitteln werden immer höhere Standards an die Hygiene des Lebensmittels gestellt. Dafür sind aus dem Stand der Technik Patente bzw. Patentanmeldungen, beispielsweise die DE 102013008003 B4 , die DE 102011075667 A1 sowie die DE 19638693 A1 , bekannt, die sich mit der Messung von Belägen, insbesondere von Stoffwechselprodukten von Bakterien auf Lebensmitteln beschäftigen, um damit auf eine Bakterienpopulation und folglich auf die Hygiene des Produkts zu schließen. Aus DE102006006220 A1 ist eine Verpackungsmaschine bekannt, wobei ein Belag der Verpackungsmaschine desinfiziert ist.In the processing and packaging of food, ever higher standards are placed on food hygiene. For this purpose, patents or patent applications, for example the DE 102013008003 B4 , the DE 102011075667 A1 as well as the DE 19638693 A1 , are known who deal with the measurement of deposits, in particular metabolic products of bacteria on food, in order to infer a bacterial population and consequently the hygiene of the product. Out DE102006006220 A1 a packaging machine is known, a covering of the packaging machine being disinfected.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die Hygiene der Lebensmittelverarbeitung bzw. -verpackung weiter zu verbessern.It is the object of the present invention to further improve the hygiene of food processing and packaging.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren zum Verarbeiten und/oder Verpacken eines Lebensmittelproduktes oder eines medizintechnischen oder pharmakologischen Produkts und/oder Hygiene sensitiven Produkts mit einer Verarbeitungs-, Handhabungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine, bei dem ein Belag der Oberfläche des Lebensmittelproduktes oder des medizintechnischen oder pharmakologischen Produkts und/oder Hygiene sensitiven Produkts und/oder der Verarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine und/oder der Schutzkleidung eines Werkers mit Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten und/oder von biochemischen Reaktionsprodukten mit einer UV-Strahlung angeregt wird, die fluoreszierende Rückstrahlung des Belages gemessen wird und die erzielten Messergebnisse in einem Speichermedium, das sich an einer Verpackung befindet, und/oder in einer Datenbank zusammen mit einer Verpackungsidentifikation abgespeichert werden.The object is achieved with a method for processing and / or packaging a food product or a medical or pharmacological product and / or hygiene-sensitive product with a processing, handling and / or packaging machine, in which a coating of the surface of the food product or the medical device or pharmacological product and / or hygiene-sensitive product and / or the processing and / or packaging machine and / or the protective clothing of a worker with bacteria and / or their metabolic products and / or biochemical reaction products with UV radiation is stimulated, the fluorescent reflection of the covering is measured and the measurement results obtained are stored in a storage medium which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification.

Die zu diesem Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung gemachten Ausführungen gelten für die anderen Gegenstände der vorliegenden Erfindung gleichermaßen und umgekehrt.The statements made on this subject of the present invention apply equally to the other subjects of the present invention and vice versa.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Reinigen einer Verarbeitungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverpackungsmaschine, bei dem vor und/oder während und/oder nach dem Reinigen der Belag der Verarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine mit Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten gemessen wird.In connection with the invention is a method for cleaning a processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging, in particular food packaging machine, in which the coating of the processing and / or packaging machine with bacteria is cleaned before and / or during and / or after and / or whose metabolic products are measured.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Reinigen einer Verarbeitungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverpackungsmaschine, bei dem beim Erreichen oder Überschreiten eines zuvor festgelegten Grenzwertes der Anzahl von Bakterien und/oder der Menge von deren Stoffwechselprodukten und/oder der Anwesenheit von zuvor festgelegten, beispielsweise besonders gefährlichen und/oder unerwünschten Bakterien die Verarbeitungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungs-, insbesondere Lebensmittelverpackungsmaschine angehalten und/oder an einer Visualisierungseinheit ein kritischer Hygienezustand anzeigt wird und/oder das Reinigen der Maschine empfiehlt. Vorzugsweise kann die Maschine erst wieder angefahren werden, wenn das Reinigen der Maschine besonders quittiert wird.In connection with the invention is a method for cleaning a processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging, in particular food packaging machine, in which when a predetermined limit value is reached or exceeded, the number of bacteria and / or the amount of their metabolites and / or or the presence of previously determined, for example particularly dangerous and / or undesirable bacteria, the processing, in particular food processing and / or packaging, in particular food packaging machine, is stopped and / or a critical hygiene status is displayed on a visualization unit and / or cleaning of the machine is recommended . The machine can preferably only be restarted when the cleaning of the machine is specially acknowledged.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Reinigen der Schutzkleidung eines Werkers, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor und/oder während und/oder nach dem Reinigen der Belag der Schutzkleidung mit Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten gemessen wird. Vorzugsweise wird der Werker nach erfolgter Messung über den Hygienezustand seiner Schutzkleidung informiert, beispielsweise durch ein akustisches oder visuelles, z. B. Licht-Signal und/oder einen Hinweistext, in dem der Werker beispielsweise zum Wechseln der Schutzkleidung aufgefordert wird.In connection with the invention, a method for cleaning the protective clothing of a worker is characterized in that the coating of the protective clothing with bacteria and / or their metabolic products is measured before and / or during and / or after cleaning. After the measurement, the worker is preferably informed about the hygienic condition of his protective clothing, for example by an acoustic or visual, e.g. B. light signal and / or a text in which the worker is asked to change protective clothing, for example.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Reinigen der Schutzkleidung eines Werkers, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorzugsweise zyklisch, beispielsweise stündlich, die Farbe oder ein anderes hygienerelevantes Erkennungsmerkmal der Schutzkleidung des Werkers festgestellt, beispielsweise mit einem Farberkennungssensor gemessen wird und der Werker darauf aufmerksam gemacht wird, beispielsweise durch einen Warnhinweis an der Bedieneinheit und/oder einen Vibrationsalarm an einem mobilen Warngerät, das der Werker mitführt, dass das hygienegerechte Wechseln der Schutzkleidung beispielsweise unmittelbar bevorsteht oder sofort erledigt werden muss.In connection with the invention, a method for cleaning the protective clothing of a worker is characterized in that the color or another hygiene-related identification feature of the protective clothing of the worker is preferably determined cyclically, for example every hour, for example with a color detection sensor and the worker attention is drawn to this, for example by a warning on the Operating unit and / or a vibration alarm on a mobile warning device that the worker carries with him that, for example, the hygienic changing of protective clothing is imminent or must be done immediately.

Ein Lebensmittel im Sinne der Erfindung ist jedes pflanzliche oder tierische Lebensmittel. Insbesondere ist das Lebensmittel proteinhaltig. Beispielsweise handelt es sich bei dem Lebensmittel um Fleisch, Fisch oder Käse. Aber auch deren Verarbeitungsprodukte wie Wurst, oder paniertes und/oder wärmebehandeltes Fleisch oder wärmebehandelter Fisch sind ein Lebensmittel im Sinne der Erfindung.A food in the sense of the invention is any vegetable or animal food. In particular, the food contains protein. For example, the food is meat, fish or cheese. However, their processing products such as sausage, or breaded and / or heat-treated meat or heat-treated fish are also a foodstuff in the sense of the invention.

Ein medizintechnischer oder pharmakologischer Gegenstand im Sinne der Erfindung ist beispielsweise ein Operationsbesteck, eine Spritze oder ein Flüssigkeitsbeutel, sowie eine Tablette, Pulver, Salbe oder Creme.A medical or pharmacological object in the sense of the invention is, for example, a surgical set, a syringe or a liquid bag, as well as a tablet, powder, ointment or cream.

Eine andere Hygiene sensitives Produkt ist beispielsweise eine Farbflüssigkeit, die z. B. für Inkjet-Patronen für Drucker vorgesehen ist und die beispielsweise nicht mit Bakterien kontaminiert werden soll und/oder verderblich ist.Another hygiene-sensitive product is, for example, a color liquid which, for. B. is intended for inkjet cartridges for printers and which, for example, should not be contaminated with bacteria and / or is perishable.

Ein Verfahren zum Bearbeiten von Lebensmitteln umfasst beispielsweise:

  • das Auftauen/Einfrieren von einem Lebensmittel,
  • das Marinieren von einem Lebensmittel, bei dem die Oberfläche und oder das Innere des Lebensmittels mit einer Marinade behandelt wird,
  • die mechanische Behandlung eines Lebensmittels, beispielsweise das Tumbeln und/oder Mixen und/oder Rütteln von Lebensmitteln,
  • das Panieren von Lebensmitteln,
  • die Wärmebehandlung von Lebensmittels, beispielsweise in einem Ofen oder einer Fritteuse,
  • das Zerkleinern von Lebensmitteln, beispielsweise in einem Kutter oder Fleischwolf und/oder das Schneiden eines Lebensmittels in Scheiben oder Würfel,
  • das Transportieren von Lebensmitteln, beispielsweise mit einem Transportband und/oder einem Transportwagen und/oder einem Roboter, vorzugsweise einem sogenannten Tripod, mit dem Lebensmittel oder medizintechnische oder pharmazeutische/pharmakologische Gegenstände von einem Zuführ-Transportband abgenommen und in die Verpackungen in einer Verpackungsmaschine eingelegt werden.
A process for processing food includes, for example:
  • defrosting / freezing a food,
  • marinating a food in which the surface and or the inside of the food is treated with a marinade,
  • the mechanical treatment of a food, for example tumbling and / or mixing and / or shaking food,
  • breading food,
  • the heat treatment of food, for example in an oven or a deep fryer,
  • the chopping of food, for example in a cutter or meat grinder and / or the cutting of a food into slices or cubes,
  • the transportation of food, for example with a conveyor belt and / or a trolley and / or a robot, preferably a so-called tripod, with the food or medical or pharmaceutical or pharmacological objects from a feed conveyor belt removed and inserted into the packaging in a packaging machine.

Ein Verfahren zum Verpacken von Lebensmitteln umfasst insbesondere den hermetischen, luftdichten Abschluss des Lebensmittels in einem Verpackungsmaterial, insbesondere in einer Verpackungsfolie. Insbesondere erfolgt das Verpacken mit einer Form-Füll-Siegelverpackungsmaschine, beispielsweise einem Thermoformer, einem Traysealer oder einer Schlauchbeutelmaschine.A method for packaging food includes, in particular, the hermetic, airtight sealing of the food in a packaging material, in particular in a packaging film. In particular, the packaging is carried out with a form-fill-seal packaging machine, for example a thermoformer, a traysealer or a tubular bag machine.

Die Schutzkleidung eines Werkers umfasst beispielsweise dessen Schuhe, Schürze aber insbesondere dessen Handschuhe.Protective clothing of a worker includes, for example, his shoes, apron, but especially his gloves.

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass es nicht ausreicht, wenn das Lebensmittel per se eine geringe Bakterienbelastung aufweist, sondern, dass die auch für die Maschinen, das Verpackungsmaterial und den Werker gelten muss, insbesondere für die Bereiche, die unmittelbar oder zumindest mittelbar mit dem Lebensmittel oder medizintechnischen / pharmakologischen / anderen Hygiene sensitiven Gegenstand in Berührung kommen.The invention is based on the knowledge that it is not sufficient if the food per se has a low bacterial load, but that this must also apply to the machines, the packaging material and the worker, in particular to the areas which are directly or at least indirectly involved come into contact with the food or medical / pharmacological / other hygiene sensitive object.

Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Belag von Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten auf der Oberfläche des Lebensmittelproduktes und/oder der Verarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine und/oder der Schutzkleidung eines Werkers mit Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten gemessen wird. Sollte einer oder mehrere der gemessenen Werte einen zulässigen Grenzwert überschreiten, kann beispielsweise ein Alarm abgesetzt und/oder das betroffene Produkt ausgeschleust werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann eine außerplanmäßige Reinigung der Verarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine erfolgen und/oder der Werker muss seine Schutzkleidung wechseln.This is achieved by measuring the deposit of bacteria and / or their metabolic products on the surface of the food product and / or the processing and / or packaging machine and / or the protective clothing of a worker with bacteria and / or their metabolic products. Should one or more of the measured values exceed a permissible limit value, for example an alarm can be issued and / or the affected product can be removed. As an alternative or in addition, the processing and / or packaging machine can be cleaned unscheduled and / or the worker must change his protective clothing.

Bei einer Verpackungsmaschine erfolgt das Messen vorzugsweise:

  • am Produkt und/oder an der Verpackung bevor das Produkt in die Verpackung eingelegt ist und/oder nachdem das Produkt eingelegt worden ist,
  • nach dem Evakuieren und/oder nach dem Rückbegasen, beispielsweise um eine Kontaminierung durch das Gas zu erkennen,
  • innerhalb von Gasleitungen und/oder Schläuchen und/oder Ventilen und/oder Verbindungs- und/oder Versorgungselementen.
  • der produktberührenden Seiten von Oberfolie und/oder Unterfolie und/oder - bei mehrlagigen Verpackungen - von Zwischenfolie(n) und/oder des Bedienfelds des Bedienpults, das eine besondere Kontaminationsquelle darstellt, weil es von unterschiedlichen Werkern oftmals angefasst wird und bei der Reinigung vernachlässigt wird
  • in der Füllstation / Einlegestation, insbesondere an deren Rand, an der beispielsweise umzupackende Lebensmittel zwischengelagert werden, die für das erneute Verpacken vorgesehen sind; solche Lebensmittel stammen beispielsweise aus fehlgewichtigen Verpackungen, werden daraus entnommen, am Rand der Einlegestation zwischengelagert, deren Gewicht korrigiert, beispielsweise durch Hinzufügen oder Entnehmen von Produktscheiben, bevor oder während sie in der Einlegestation erneut in die noch unverschlossene Verpackung eingelegt werden.
Measuring is preferably carried out on a packaging machine:
  • on the product and / or on the packaging before the product is inserted into the packaging and / or after the product has been inserted,
  • after evacuation and / or after gassing back, for example to detect contamination by the gas,
  • within gas lines and / or hoses and / or valves and / or connecting and / or supply elements.
  • the product-contacting sides of the top film and / or bottom film and / or - in the case of multilayer packaging - of the intermediate film (s) and / or the control panel of the control panel, which represents a particular source of contamination because it is from different workers are often touched and neglected in cleaning
  • in the filling station / loading station, in particular at the edge thereof, at which, for example, foods to be repacked are stored, which are intended for repacking; Such foods originate, for example, from incorrectly weighted packaging, are removed therefrom, stored temporarily at the edge of the insertion station, and their weight is corrected, for example by adding or removing product slices, before or while they are reinserted in the as yet unsealed packaging in the insertion station.

Bei den Verarbeitungsmaschinen stromaufwärts von einer Verpackungsmaschine, beispielsweise einem Kutter, einem Mixer, einem Tumbler, einer Mariniereinheit, einem Slicer, einem Transportsystem, einem Transportbandsystem, einem Handlingroboter, einer Pick & Place-Einheit, einer Waage, einem Produktscanner wird vorzugsweise die produktberührende Oberfläche der Maschine und/oder das Bedienfeld auf Oberflächenbelag gemessen. Beim Slicer erfolgt das Messen vorzugsweise auf dem Slicermesser und/oder dem Aufreihband und/oder den stromabwärts davon nachfolgenden Bändern oder Transporteinrichtungen, mit denen der geschnittene Lebensmittelstapel vorzugsweise in die Verpackungsmaschine transportiert und dort in die Verpackung eingelegt wird. Erfolgt das Einlegen beispielsweise mit dem Greifer an einem Tripod, so erfolgt das Messen vorzugsweise am Greifer, beispielsweise indem der Greifer in zyklischen Abständen in eine Messposition gebracht wird und dort das Messen erfolgt. Nach dem Wechsel des Greifers erfolgt vorzugsweise eine Kontrollmessung.In the processing machines upstream of a packaging machine, for example a cutter, a mixer, a tumbler, a marinating unit, a slicer, a transport system, a conveyor belt system, a handling robot, a pick & place unit, a scale, a product scanner, the product-contacting surface is preferably used the machine and / or the control panel measured on surface covering. In the case of the slicer, the measurement is preferably carried out on the slicer knife and / or the line-up belt and / or the belts or transport devices which follow it downstream and by means of which the cut food stack is preferably transported into the packaging machine and inserted there into the packaging. If, for example, the gripper is inserted on a tripod, the measurement is preferably carried out on the gripper, for example by moving the gripper into a measuring position at cyclic intervals and measuring there. After changing the gripper, a control measurement is preferably carried out.

Bei Maschinen mit Teilen, die regelmäßig ausgetauscht werden müssen, weil sie beispielsweise stumpf sind, wird vorzugsweise die Oberfläche auf Belag vermessen, bevor und/oder nachdem das Austauschteil an der jeweiligen Maschine montiert worden ist.In the case of machines with parts which have to be replaced regularly, for example because they are blunt, the surface on a covering is preferably measured before and / or after the replacement part has been mounted on the respective machine.

Bei sich während der Verarbeitung und/oder Verpackung bewegenden Oberflächen kann das Messen im Stillstand der Oberfläche und/oder während deren Bewegung erfolgen.In the case of surfaces moving during processing and / or packaging, the measurement can take place while the surface is stationary and / or during its movement.

Beispielsweise kann bei einer Verpackungsmaschine die Oberfläche des Lebensmittelprodukts und/oder des Verpackungsmaterials vor und/oder während des jeweiligen Vorzugs erfolgen; das hat den Vorteil, dass das gesamte Messsystem wirtschaftlicher herstellbar ist, da beispielsweise bei einem Vorzug aus n Reihen und m Spalten nur n Messköpfe benötigt werden, um in allen n Reihen zu messen, wohingegen beim Messen im Stillstand der Oberfläche entsprechend dem Format der Verpackungsmaschine n x m Messköpfe benötigt werden.For example, in the case of a packaging machine, the surface of the food product and / or the packaging material can take place before and / or during the respective preference; This has the advantage that the entire measuring system can be manufactured more economically, since, for example, if n rows and m columns are preferred, only n measuring heads are required to measure in all n rows, whereas when the surface is at a standstill according to the format of the packaging machine nxm measuring heads are required.

Besonders bevorzugt wird nur ein Messkopf benötigt, dessen Messstrahlen beispielsweise über eine nachführbare Spiegeloptik abgelenkt werden und im Stillstand und/oder während der Bewegung der Oberflächen die Messstrahlen so abgelenkt und nachgeführt werden, dass beispielsweise die Messung nacheinander an allen Oberflächen in einem Vorzug erfolgt. Solche nachführbaren Spiegeloptiken sind beispielsweise von Laser-Messsystemen oder -kennzeichnungssystemen bekannt.In a particularly preferred manner, only one measuring head is required, the measuring beams of which are deflected, for example, by means of a trackable mirror optics, and when the surfaces are stationary and / or during the movement of the surfaces, the measuring beams are deflected and tracked in such a way that, for example, the measurement is carried out in succession on all surfaces. Such trackable mirror optics are known, for example, from laser measuring systems or marking systems.

Gemäß der Erfindung werden die erzielten Messergebnisse in einem Speichermedium, beispielsweise einem RFID, das sich an einer Verpackung befindet, und/oder in einer Datenbank zusammen mit einer Verpackungsidentifikation abgespeichert. So kann der gemessene Oberflächenbelag in einem Reklamationsfall nachvollzogen werden.According to the invention, the measurement results obtained are stored in a storage medium, for example an RFID, which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification. In this way, the measured surface covering can be traced in the event of a complaint.

Zusätzlich werden die Messdaten und/oder das Analyseergebnis auf die Verpackung und/oder auf deren Etiketten, vorzugsweise in codierter Form oder auch im Klartext als Beurteilungshilfe für den Verbraucher, insbesondere in Kombination mit dem Messdatum aufgedruckt.In addition, the measurement data and / or the analysis result are printed on the packaging and / or on their labels, preferably in coded form or also in plain text as an assessment aid for the consumer, in particular in combination with the measurement date.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein zur Messung eingesetzter Sensor kalibriert. Beispielsweise kann die Referenzmessung an einem Lebensmittel, insbesondere einem ganz frischen Lebensmittel, dessen Keimbefall zusätzlich an der Oberfläche z. B. mit UV-Licht abgetötet werden kann und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukte deaktiviert/entfernt worden sind, erfolgen. Das Abtöten der Bakterien erfolgt vorzugsweise mit UV-Strahlung, insbesondere bei einer Wellenlänge von 180 - 220 nm, vorzugsweise 195 - 205 nm.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sensor used for the measurement is calibrated. For example, the reference measurement on a food, in particular a very fresh food, the germ infestation on the surface, for. B. can be killed with UV light and / or whose metabolic products have been deactivated / removed. The bacteria are preferably killed off using UV radiation, in particular at a wavelength of 180-220 nm, preferably 195-205 nm.

Für den Fall dass die Messung in der geschlossenen Verpackung erfolgt, wird die Kalibrierung vorzugsweise unter Berücksichtigung des Verpackungsmaterials durchgeführt, d.h. bei der Kalibrierung wird der Einfluss des Verpackungsmaterials auf den erhaltenen Messwert berücksichtigt. Das Verpackungsmaterial ist vorzugsweise so ausgeführt, dass es die Messung nicht oder auf reproduzierbare, beispielsweise durch physische oder Softwarefilter korrigierbare Weise behindert, vorzugsweise ist das Verpackungsmaterial im Bereich des Strahlenganges klar bzw. ungetrübt / durchsichtig, kann aber auch eine gewisse Trübung und/oder einen gewissen Farbauftrag, beispielsweise eine Bedruckung, beinhalten, die beispielsweise bei der Kalibrierung und/oder der Intensität des oder der Messstrahlen berücksichtigt wird.In the event that the measurement is carried out in the closed packaging, the calibration is preferably carried out taking into account the packaging material, i.e. the influence of the packaging material on the measured value is taken into account during calibration. The packaging material is preferably designed in such a way that it does not impede the measurement or in a reproducible manner, which can be corrected, for example, by physical or software filters; the packaging material is preferably clear or unclouded / transparent in the region of the beam path, but can also have a certain cloudiness and / or one certain color application, for example printing, which is taken into account, for example, in the calibration and / or the intensity of the measuring beam or beams.

Bei der Verarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine erfolgt die Überprüfung des Reinigungsergebnisses vorzugsweise nach deren Komplettreinigung beispielsweise in der Nachtschicht und/oder an Teilen/Bereichen der jeweiligen Maschine nach einer Zwischenreinigung, z. B. Wischreinigung des Bedienpults und/oder des Einlegebereichs mit Reinigungstüchern. Auch dieses Ergebnis wird vorzugsweise in einem Speicher hinterlegt.In the processing and / or packaging machine, the cleaning result is preferably checked after it has been completely cleaned, for example in the night shift and / or on parts / areas of the respective machine after one Interim cleaning, e.g. B. Wipe cleaning of the control panel and / or the insertion area with cleaning cloths. This result is also preferably stored in a memory.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Hygienezustand der jeweiligen Maschine zu Schichtbeginn oder bei Schichtende überprüft werden.Alternatively or additionally, the hygiene status of the respective machine can be checked at the beginning or at the end of the shift.

Vorzugsweise wird der bei Schichtende oder ein anderer gemessener Wert herangezogen, das nachfolgende Reinigungsprogramm festzulegen. Das Reinigungsprogramm wird aufgrund der gemessenen Ergebnisse festgelegt. Nach der Reinigung kann wiederum eine Überprüfung erfolgen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Reinigung hinreichend war.The value at the end of the shift or another measured value is preferably used to determine the subsequent cleaning program. The cleaning program is determined based on the measured results. After cleaning, a check can again be made to ensure that the cleaning was sufficient.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Lebensmittelverarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine, die einen Sensor aufweist, mit dem ein Belag der Oberfläche des Lebensmittelproduktes und/oder der Verarbeitungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschine und/oder der Schutzkleidung eines Werkers mit Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten gemessen wird und die erzielten Messergebnisse in einem Speichermedium, das sich an einer Verpackung befindet, und/oder in einer Datenbank zusammen mit einer Verpackungsidentifikation abgespeichert werden.Another object of the present invention is a food processing and / or packaging machine which has a sensor with which a coating of the surface of the food product and / or the processing and / or packaging machine and / or the protective clothing of a worker with bacteria and / or whose metabolic products are measured and the measurement results obtained are stored in a storage medium which is located on a packaging and / or in a database together with a packaging identification.

Die zu diesem Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung gemachten Ausführungen gelten für die anderen Gegenstände der vorliegenden Erfindung gleichermaßen und umgekehrt.The statements made on this subject of the present invention apply equally to the other subjects of the present invention and vice versa.

Die erfindungsgemäße Maschine weist einen Sensor auf, mit dem der Belag an Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten analysiert werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist dieser Sensor ortsfest mit der jeweiligen Maschine verbunden und ist insbesondere an die Energieversorgung der Maschine angeschlossen. Vorzugsweise wird der Sensor beim Reinigen der Maschine abgenommen oder abgedeckt. Vorzugsweise weist die Verpackungsmaschine eine Lichtquelle auf, die insbesondere Licht mit einer Wellenlänge von 390 - 410 nm abstrahlt. Diese Abstrahlung kann punkt- oder flächenförmig erfolgen. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Abstrahlung so, dass ein Werker davon unbeeinflusst bleibt. Für den Fall dass mehrere Verpackungen gleichzeitig sowie parallel analysiert werden müssen, weist die erfindungsgemäße Maschine vorzugsweise mehrere Sensoren auf, die jeweils eine Verpackung analysieren. Somit kann jede Verpackung einzeln analysiert werden.The machine according to the invention has a sensor with which the deposit on bacteria and / or their metabolic products can be analyzed. This sensor is preferably connected to the respective machine in a fixed position and is connected in particular to the power supply of the machine. The sensor is preferably removed or covered when cleaning the machine. The packaging machine preferably has a light source which in particular emits light with a wavelength of 390-410 nm. This radiation can take the form of points or areas. The radiation is preferably carried out in such a way that a worker remains unaffected by it. In the event that several packages have to be analyzed simultaneously and in parallel, the machine according to the invention preferably has several sensors, each of which analyzes one package. Each packaging can thus be analyzed individually.

Nach dem Messen und/oder simultan während des Messens wird das Messergebnis analysiert, beispielsweis direkt im Messkopf des Sensors und/oder in einer externen Steuerung/Regelung, der Maschine. Das erzielte Ergebnis kann zur Steuerung/Regelung der jeweiligen Maschine oder einer Linie, bestehend aus mehreren Maschinen herangezogen werden. Beispielsweis können Verpackungen und/oder Chargen mit einer zu hohen Bakterienzahl verworfen werden und/oder es kann ein Sterilisierungs- und/oder Reinigungsverfahren, beispielsweise mit Strahlung und/oder einem entsprechenden chemischen Mittel automatisch in Gang gesetzt oder zumindest von einer Steuerung vorgeschlagen werden.After the measurement and / or simultaneously during the measurement, the measurement result is analyzed, for example directly in the measuring head of the sensor and / or in an external control system on the machine. The result obtained can be used to control the respective machine or a line consisting of several machines. For example, packaging and / or batches with too high a number of bacteria can be discarded and / or a sterilization and / or Cleaning processes, for example automatically started with radiation and / or a corresponding chemical agent, or at least suggested by a controller.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich können Prozessparameter der jeweiligen Maschine durch das Messergebnis anders eingestellt werden. Bei einer Verpackungsmaschine kann beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit vom Messergebnis bzw. Analyseergebnis, die Zusammensetzung der geänderten Atmosphäre geändert werden.Alternatively or additionally, process parameters of the respective machine can be set differently based on the measurement result. In the case of a packaging machine, for example, the composition of the changed atmosphere can be changed depending on the measurement result or analysis result.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Kommunikation zwischen dem Sensor und z. B. der Steuerung/Regelung der Maschine drahtlos, z. B. via WLAN, Bluetooth. Vorzugsweise ist die Maschine an das Intranet des Betriebes angeschlossen, so dass die Messergebnisse auch entfernt von der jeweiligen Maschine verfügbar sind.The communication between the sensor and z. B. the control of the machine wireless, z. B. via WLAN, Bluetooth. The machine is preferably connected to the company's intranet, so that the measurement results are also available remotely from the respective machine.

Vorzugsweise weist die Maschine ein Bedienpult oder eine Linie einen Leitstand auf. Vorzugsweise wird der Hygienezustand der jeweiligen Maschine an deren Bedienpult und/oder am Leitstand angezeigt. Beispielsweise wird der Zustand der Verpackungsmaschine und/oder von deren Komponenten angezeigt. Weiterhin bevorzugt wird eine Service- und/oder Reinigungsanweisung z. B. aus den Analysedaten abgeleitet und insbesondere am Bedienpult und/oder Leitstand angezeigt.The machine preferably has a control panel or a line a control station. The hygiene status of the respective machine is preferably displayed on its control panel and / or on the control center. For example, the status of the packaging machine and / or its components is displayed. A service and / or cleaning instruction, for. B. derived from the analysis data and displayed in particular on the control panel and / or control center.

Vorzugsweise ist die Analysesoftware selbstlernend, indem sie sich beispielsweise durch einen Algorithmus auf die Messaufgabe anhand vorausgegangener Messungen so optimiert und/oder einstellt, dass sie schneller und/oder zielgerichteter auf das Mess- und/oder Analyseergebnis hinführt.The analysis software is preferably self-learning, for example by using an algorithm to optimize and / or adjust the measurement task based on previous measurements such that it leads faster and / or more specifically to the measurement and / or analysis result.

Vorzugsweise erzeugt die Analysesoftware auf Basis einer oder mehrerer, vorzugsweise zeitlich beabstandeter Messungen eine Prognose bzw. Vorhersage des zu einem bestimmten späteren Zeitpunkts zu erwartenden Messergebnisses, beispielsweise im Sinne eines Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatums (MHD).The analysis software preferably generates a forecast or prediction of the measurement result to be expected at a specific later point in time, for example in the sense of a best before date (MHD), on the basis of one or more, preferably time-spaced, measurements.

Vorzugsweise informiert die Analysesoftware mittels geeigneter Meldungen den Bediener über vorhergesagte Messergebnisse und - im Falle von als kritisch einzustufenden Messergebnissen - über mögliche Fehler und/oder Fehlerquellen, die zu den als kritisch einzustufenden Messergebnissen führen, und über typische Abhilfen gegen diese Fehler bzw. Fehlerquellen. Vorzugsweise kann der Bediener selbst aus seinem Erfahrungsschatz die Analysesoftware mit weiteren möglichen Fehler und/oder Fehlerquellen und/oder weiteren typischen Abhilfen füttern, um die Analysesoftware weiter zu verbessern.The analysis software preferably uses suitable messages to inform the operator of predicted measurement results and - in the case of measurement results to be classified as critical - about possible errors and / or error sources that lead to the measurement results to be classified as critical, and about typical remedies for these errors or sources of error. The operator himself can preferably feed the analysis software with further possible errors and / or error sources and / or further typical remedies from his wealth of experience in order to further improve the analysis software.

Vorzugsweise weist die Maschine einen zusätzlichen Sensor auf, um eine zusätzliche Eigenschaft zu messen, beispielsweise:

  • die Temperatur von einem Produkt und/oder einer Verpackung und/oder einer Folie und/oder eines Maschinenbauteils und/oder des Schutzes des Werkers, beispielsweise zum Zweck der Kalibrierung und/oder Erreichung einer besseren Genauigkeit und/oder Wiederholbarkeit der Messung des Oberflächenbelags und/oder
  • einen Farbsensor zur Bestimmung der spektralen Zusammensetzung des sichtbaren und/oder unsichtbaren Lichts, beispielsweise zur Groberfassung des Qualitätszustands von Fleisch anhand von dessen Oberflächenfarbe und/oder zur Erfassung des zurückgestrahlten Fluoreszenzlichts,
  • die Gas-Konzentration mindestens eines Gases oder Gasbestandteils in der Verpackung, beispielsweise die Sauerstoffkonzentration, und/oder
  • den Gasdruck oder Atmosphärendruck in der Verpackung.
The machine preferably has an additional sensor in order to measure an additional property, for example:
  • the temperature of a product and / or a packaging and / or a film and / or a machine component and / or the protection of the worker, for example for the purpose of calibration and / or to achieve better accuracy and / or repeatability of the measurement of the surface covering and / or
  • a color sensor for determining the spectral composition of the visible and / or invisible light, for example for roughly detecting the quality status of meat on the basis of its surface color and / or for detecting the reflected fluorescent light,
  • the gas concentration of at least one gas or gas component in the packaging, for example the oxygen concentration, and / or
  • the gas pressure or atmospheric pressure in the packaging.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt eine lückenlose insbesondere elektronische Erfassung und Protokollierung der gewonnen Messergebnisse entlang der Logistikkette vom Wareneingang des Vor- und/oder Endprodukts bis zum Verlassen des Werkes im Kartons im LKW mittels intelligentem Warenbegleiter, oder sogar bis zum Ladengeschäft, oder sogar bis zum Verbraucher und dessen Haushalt und/oder Geschäftsbetrieb.Preferably, there is a complete, in particular electronic recording and logging of the measurement results obtained along the logistics chain from the receipt of the preliminary and / or end product to the leaving of the factory in the carton in the truck by means of intelligent goods attendant, or even to the retail store, or even to the consumer and the consumer Household and / or business operations.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Lagersteuerung bzw. das Warenwirtschaftssytem, beispielsweise im Ladengeschäft, hygienegesteuert, indem die Verpackungen nach Auswahl anhand des Messergebnisses zum Verkauf zur Verfügung gestellt werden, beispielsweise in die Auslage des Ladengeschäfts gelegt werden, wobei vorzugsweise zuerst die Verpackungen mit der höchsten Belastung mit schädlichem Oberflächenbelag an Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten und/oder von biochemischen Reaktionsprodukten in die Auslage gelegt werden, und das Legen in die Auslage nicht nach dem Prinzip first-in first-out erfolgt. So wird sichergestellt, dass die Verpackungen mit der höchsten Belastung und/oder die zum frühesten Verderben des Lebensmittel führen würden, zuerst verkauft und zumeist beim Verbraucher zuerst verbraucht werden und somit der Abfall an verdorbenen Lebensmitteln reduziert bzw. der Ressourcenverbrauch optimiert werden.The warehouse control or the merchandise management system, for example in the retail store, is preferably hygienically controlled in that the packaging is made available for sale on the basis of the measurement result, for example placed in the store display, preferably the packaging with the highest load with harmful Surface covering of bacteria and / or their metabolic products and / or of biochemical reaction products are placed in the display, and the placement in the display does not take place according to the first-in, first-out principle. This ensures that the packaging with the highest load and / or which would lead to the earliest spoilage of the food is sold first and mostly consumed by the consumer first, thus reducing the waste of spoiled food and optimizing resource consumption.

Vorzugsweise kann der Verbraucher an der Registrierkasse und/oder Kontrollwaage im Ladengeschäft eine Kontrollmessung vornehmen oder vornehmen lassen, wobei das Ergebnis der Messung beispielsweise ergibt, ob das auf der Verpackung angegebene Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum gemäß dem aktuellen Hygienezustand, also der Belastung mit Oberflächenbelag, tatsächlich so erwartet werden darf oder nicht.The consumer can preferably have a check measurement carried out or have it carried out at the cash register and / or checkweigher in the retail store, the result of the measurement showing, for example, whether that stated on the packaging The best-before date according to the current state of hygiene, i.e. the exposure to surface covering, may or may not be expected in this way.

Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung ist ein Messgerät zum Messen eines Oberflächenbelags an Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukten auf einem Lebensmittel und/oder auf einer Lebensmittelverarbeitungs- und/oder einer Verpackungsmaschine, wobei es sich um ein Mittel mit einem Multipixelsensor, beispielsweise eine CCD-Kamera handelt, die vorzugsweise mit Farbfiltern zur Begrenzung und/oder Verstärkung zumindest von Teilen des Spektralbereichs des Lichts ausgestattet ist.In connection with the invention is a measuring device for measuring a surface coating on bacteria and / or their metabolic products on a food and / or on a food processing and / or packaging machine, which is an agent with a multipixel sensor, for example a CCD camera acts, which is preferably equipped with color filters for limiting and / or amplifying at least parts of the spectral range of light.

Das angewandte Messprinzip beruht auf:

  1. 1) Die zu analysierende Oberfläche wird mit UV-Strahlung, vorzugsweise im Wellenlängenbereich zwischen 395 und 415 nm, insbesondere 405 nm angeregt.
  2. 2) Die Wellenlänge des zurückgestreuten Lichts ändert sich je nach Zustand des Fleisches, weil die UV-Strahlung bestimmte Stoffwechselprodukte der Bakterien auf der zu analysierenden Oberfläche, beispielsweise des Fleisches fluoreszieren und/oder phosphoreszieren lässt.
The measuring principle used is based on:
  1. 1) The surface to be analyzed is excited with UV radiation, preferably in the wavelength range between 395 and 415 nm, in particular 405 nm.
  2. 2) The wavelength of the backscattered light changes depending on the condition of the meat, because the UV radiation causes certain metabolic products of the bacteria to fluoresce and / or phosphoresce on the surface to be analyzed, for example the meat.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die zurückgestrahlte Strahlung von einem Mittel, insbesondere einer Kamera, mit Multipixelsensor empfangen und mit einer entsprechenden Software, beispielsweise einer Bilderkennungssoftware und/oder Spektralanalysesoftware analysiert. Vor dem Multiplexsensor kann ein Lichtfilter vorgesehen sein, der nur einen bestimmten Wellenbereich, insbesondere den oben angegebenen Wellenbereich durchlässt.According to the invention, the retroreflected radiation is received by a means, in particular a camera, with a multipixel sensor and analyzed with corresponding software, for example image recognition software and / or spectral analysis software. A light filter can be provided in front of the multiplex sensor, which only allows a certain wave range, in particular the wave range specified above, to pass.

Die Anregungslichtquelle ist vorzugsweise als Punkt- und/oder Flächenlichtquelle, z. B. UV-Licht, beispielsweise als Laser- und/oder LED-Licht und/oder Gasentladungslicht, vorzugsweise mit Pixelaufbau, besonders bevorzugt mit einer Steuerung/Regelung der Intensität jedes einzelnen oder einer Gruppe von Pixel, insbesondere zwecks Flächenanreger oder pixelweise Anregung, ausgeführt.The excitation light source is preferably a point and / or area light source, e.g. B. UV light, for example as laser and / or LED light and / or gas discharge light, preferably with a pixel structure, particularly preferably with a control / regulation of the intensity of each individual or a group of pixels, in particular for the purpose of surface excitation or pixel-by-pixel excitation .

Vorzugsweise ist das Mittel zur Messung modular aufgebaut, beispielsweise zum Austausch von Optik/Optikbaugruppen oder des Sensorchips zur Anpassung des Sensors an das Messobjekt und/oder dessen Eigenschaften/Beschaffenheitsparameter. Vorzugsweise wird das Mittel von der jeweiligen Maschine oder von der Liniensteuerung gesteuert und/oder geregelt, beispielsweise aktiviert.The means for measurement is preferably of modular construction, for example for exchanging optics / optical assemblies or the sensor chip for adapting the sensor to the measurement object and / or its properties / quality parameters. Preferably the means is controlled and / or regulated, for example activated, by the respective machine or by the line control.

Vorzugsweise lässt sich das Mittel zur Messung wie folgt einsetzen:

  • optische Fluoreszenzanalyse bzw. Farberkennung,
  • es können ein einzelner Messpunkt oder mehrere Messpunkte und/oder einzelne Messfläche/Messfleck oder mehrere Messflächen/Messflecke und/oder vorzugsweise die ganze Oberfläche des zu verarbeitenden und/oder zu verpackenden Produkts und/oder von dessen Bestandteilen, beispielsweise von Zusatzstoffen und Additiven (z. B. Marinaden, Panaden) und/oder von Folgeprodukten, beispielsweise von Fertiggerichten und/oder der Verpackung und/oder von Hilfsstoffen, beispielsweise von Einlegepads für die Fleischsaftaufnahme und/oder von Maschinenbauteilen/- gruppen und/oder von Menschen (z. B. Hände) und/oder von Hilfsmitteln (z. B. Handschuhe des Bedienpersonals) und/oder zumindest Bereichen von Verarbeitungs-, Handhabungs- und/oder Verpackungsmaschinen mit dem Messgerät vermessen werden; oder es wird eine Kombinationen von Messflecken zur Verfolgung bestimmter Messstellen eingesetzt.
  • Messen der eventuellen gleichverteilten Gesamtkeimbelastung von Lebensmitteln, und/oder lokaler Belastung, die beispielsweise durch das Anfassen mit Handschuhen und/oder kontaminierte Slicermesser und/oder Transportsysteme und/oder durch Gasströme entsteht,
  • Messen der Keimbelastung von Flüssigkeiten, beispielsweise von Milch oder Sauce,
  • Bestimmen von Qualitätsparametern von Lebensmitteln, beispielsweise vornehmen einer Klassifizierung anhand der Messung, beispielsweise des Anteils an zumeist eiweißfreiem Bindegewebe von einem Fleischstück in hoch, mittel und niedrig.
The measurement means can preferably be used as follows:
  • optical fluorescence analysis or color detection,
  • a single measuring point or several measuring points and / or individual measuring surface / measuring spot or several measuring surfaces / measuring spots and / or preferably the entire surface of the product to be processed and / or packaged and / or its components, for example additives and additives (e.g. B. marinades, breadings) and / or of secondary products, for example of ready meals and / or packaging and / or of auxiliaries, for example insert pads for meat juice intake and / or of machine components / groups and / or of people (e.g. Hands) and / or aids (e.g. gloves of the operating personnel) and / or at least areas of processing, handling and / or packaging machines are measured with the measuring device; or a combination of measuring spots is used to track certain measuring points.
  • Measuring the possibly evenly distributed total germ load of food and / or local load, which arises, for example, from touching with gloves and / or contaminated slicer knives and / or transport systems and / or from gas flows,
  • Measuring the germ load of liquids, for example milk or sauce,
  • Determination of quality parameters of food, for example making a classification based on the measurement, for example the proportion of mostly protein-free connective tissue from a piece of meat in high, medium and low.

Vorzugsweise ist die Wellenlänge der Strahlungsquelle veränderbar, insbesondere von ca. 200 nm auf ca. 400 nm. Dadurch kann der Sensor zur Detektion von Bakterien bzw. deren Stoffwechselprodukten und zum Abtöten von Bakterien eingesetzt werden.The wavelength of the radiation source can preferably be changed, in particular from approximately 200 nm to approximately 400 nm. As a result, the sensor can be used to detect bacteria or their metabolites and to kill bacteria.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figur 1 erläutert. Diese Erläuterungen sind lediglich beispielhaft und schränken den allgemeinen Erfindungsgedanken nicht ein. Die Erläuterungen gelten für alle Gegenstände der vorliegenden Erfindung gleichermaßen.

Figur 1
zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Verpackungsmaschine
In the following the invention is based on the Figure 1 explained. These explanations are only examples and do not limit the general inventive concept. The explanations apply equally to all subjects of the present invention.
Figure 1
shows the packaging machine according to the invention

Figur 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Verpackungsmaschine 1, die eine Tiefziehstation 2, eine Füllstation 7 sowie eine Siegelstation 15 aufweist. Eine Kunststofffolienbahn 8, die sogenannte Unterfolienbahn, wird von einer Vorratsrolle abgezogen und, vorzugsweise taktweise, entlang der erfindungsgemäßen Verpackungsmaschine hiervon rechts nach links transportiert. Bei einem Takt wird die Folienbahn um eine Formatlänge weitertransportiert. Dafür weist die Verpackungsmaschine zwei Transportmittel (nicht dargestellt), in dem vorliegenden Fall jeweils zwei Endlosketten auf, die rechts und links von der Folienbahn angeordnet sind. Jede Endloskette weist Haltemittel auf, die jeweils mit einer Kante der Folienbahn zusammenwirken. Sowohl am Anfang als auch am Ende der Verpackungsmaschine ist für jede Kette jeweils mindestens ein Zahnrad vorgesehen, um das die jeweilige Kette umgelenkt wird. Mindestens eines dieser Zahnräder ist angetrieben. Die Zahnräder im Einlaufbereich 19 und/oder im Auslaufbereich können miteinander, vorzugsweise durch eine starre Welle, verbunden sein. Jedes Transportmittel weist eine Vielzahl von Klemmmitteln auf, die die Unterfolienbahn 8 im Einlaufbereich klemmend ergreifen und die Bewegung des Transportmittels auf die Unterfolienbahn 8 übertragen. Im Auslaufbereich der Verpackungsmaschine wird die klemmende Verbindung zwischen dem Transportmittel und der Unterfolienbahn wieder gelöst. In der Tiefziehstation 2, die über ein Oberwerkzeug 3 und ein Unterwerkzeug 4 verfügt, das die Form der herzustellenden Verpackungsmulde aufweist, werden die Verpackungsmulden 6 in die Unterfolienbahn 8 eingeformt. Das Unterwerkzeug 4 ist auf einem Hubtisch 5 angeordnet, der, wie durch den Doppelpfeil symbolisiert wird, vertikal verstellbar ist. Vor jedem Folienvorschub wird das Unterwerkzeug 4 abgesenkt und danach wieder angehoben. Im weiteren Verlauf der Verpackungsmaschine werden die Verpackungsmulden dann in der Füllstation 7 mit dem Verpackungsgut 16 gefüllt. In der sich daran anschließenden Siegelstation 19, die ebenfalls aus einem Oberwerkzeug 12 und einem vertikal verstellbaren Unterwerkzeug 11 besteht, wird eine Oberfolienbahn auf die Verpackungsmulde gesiegelt. Auch in der Siegelstation werden das Oberwerkzeug und/oder das Unterwerkzeug vor und nach jedem Folientransport abgesenkt bzw. angehoben. Auch die Oberfolienbahn 14 kann tiefgezogen und/oder in Transportmitteln geführt sein bzw. von Transportketten transportiert werden, wobei sich diese Transportmittel dann nur von der Siegelstation und ggf. stromabwärts erstrecken. Ansonsten gelten die Ausführungen, die zu dem Transportmitteln der Unterfolienbahn gemacht wurden. In der Siegelstation findet vorzugsweise ein Gasaustausch statt, um beispielsweise den Sauerstoffgehalt der Atmosphäre in der Verpackung zu reduzieren. Im weiteren Verlauf der Verpackungsmaschine werden auch die fertiggestellten Verpackungen vereinzelt, was mit dem Schneidwerkzeugen 17, 18 erfolgt. Das Schneidwerkzeug 18 ist in dem vorliegenden Fall ebenfalls mit einer Hubeinrichtung 9 anhebbar bzw. absenkbar. Der Fachmann erkennt, dass bei einem Takt vorzugsweise mehrere Verpackungsmulden tiefgezogen, befüllt und verschlossen werden. Figure 1 shows the packaging machine 1 according to the invention, which has a deep-drawing station 2, a filling station 7 and a sealing station 15. A plastic film web 8, the so-called bottom film web, is pulled off a supply roll and, preferably cyclically transported from right to left along the packaging machine according to the invention. In one cycle, the film web is transported on by one format length. For this purpose, the packaging machine has two transport means (not shown), in the present case two endless chains, which are arranged to the right and left of the film web. Each endless chain has holding means, which each interact with an edge of the film web. At the beginning as well as at the end of the packaging machine, at least one gear wheel is provided for each chain, around which the respective chain is deflected. At least one of these gears is driven. The gearwheels in the inlet area 19 and / or in the outlet area can be connected to one another, preferably by a rigid shaft. Each means of transport has a plurality of clamping means, which grip the bottom film web 8 in the inlet area and transmit the movement of the means of transport to the bottom film web 8. In the discharge area of the packaging machine, the jamming connection between the means of transport and the bottom film web is released again. In the deep-drawing station 2, which has an upper tool 3 and a lower tool 4, which has the shape of the packaging tray to be produced, the packaging trays 6 are molded into the bottom film web 8. The lower tool 4 is arranged on a lifting table 5 which, as symbolized by the double arrow, is vertically adjustable. Before each film feed, the lower tool 4 is lowered and then raised again. In the further course of the packaging machine, the packaging troughs are then filled with the packaging material 16 in the filling station 7. In the subsequent sealing station 19, which also consists of an upper tool 12 and a vertically adjustable lower tool 11, an upper film web is sealed onto the packaging tray. In the sealing station, too, the upper tool and / or the lower tool are lowered or raised before and after each film transport. The upper film web 14 can also be deep-drawn and / or guided in transport means or transported by transport chains, these transport means then only extending from the sealing station and possibly downstream. Otherwise, the explanations that were made for the means of transport of the bottom film web apply. A gas exchange preferably takes place in the sealing station, for example in order to reduce the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the packaging. In the further course of the packaging machine, the finished packaging is also separated, which is done with the cutting tools 17, 18. In the present case, the cutting tool 18 can also be raised or lowered with a lifting device 9. The person skilled in the art recognizes that, in one cycle, preferably several packaging troughs are deep-drawn, filled and closed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Verpackungsmaschine weist zumindest ein Messgerät, beispielsweise einen Sensor 13 auf, mit dem ein Belag an Bakterien und/oder deren Stoffwechselprodukte auf dem Verpackungsgut und/oder dem Verpackungsmaterial analysiert wird. Dafür wird die zu analysierende Oberfläche mit einer UV-Strahlung angeregt und die fluoreszierende Rückstrahlung der Oberfläche analysiert. Vorzugsweise werden alle hergestellten Verpackungen analysiert. Dafür kann es nötig sein, dass mehrere Sensoren und/oder Strahlungsquellen parallel bezogen auf die Transportrichtung der Folienbahn vorgesehen sind. Die Analyse kann bei dem Folienvorzug und/oder danach erfolgen. Die gewonnen Messergebnisse werden vorzugsweise verpackungsindividuell abgespeichert, zur Steuerung der Verpackungsmaschine und/oder zum Ausschleusen einzelner Verpackungen. Die Verpackungsmaschine kann Teil einer Linie sein, die weitere Maschinen stromaufwärts und/oder stromabwärts aufweist. Eine oder mehrere dieser Maschinen können einen Sensor 13 aufweisen.The packaging machine according to the invention has at least one measuring device, for example a sensor 13, with which a coating of bacteria and / or their metabolic products on the packaged goods and / or the packaging material is analyzed. For this, the surface to be analyzed is excited with UV radiation and the fluorescent back radiation of the surface is analyzed. All packaging produced is preferably analyzed. For this purpose, it may be necessary for several sensors and / or radiation sources to be provided in parallel in relation to the transport direction of the film web. The analysis can be carried out with the film preference and / or afterwards. The measurement results obtained are preferably stored individually for packaging, for controlling the packaging machine and / or for discharging individual packaging. The packaging machine can be part of a line which has further machines upstream and / or downstream. One or more of these machines can have a sensor 13.

Bezugszeichenliste:Reference symbol list:

11
VerpackungsmaschinePackaging machine
22nd
TiefziehstationThermoforming station
33rd
Oberwerkzeug der TiefziehstationUpper tool of the deep drawing station
44th
Unterwerkzeug der TiefziehstationLower mold of the deep drawing station
55
Hubtisch, Träger eines Werkzeugs der Siegel- , Tiefziehstation und/oder der SchneideinrichtungLift table, carrier of a tool of the sealing, deep-drawing station and / or the cutting device
66
VerpackungsmuldePackaging tray
77
Füllstation, EinlegestationFilling station, loading station
88th
UnterfolienbahnBottom film web
99
HubeinrichtungLifting device
1010th
fertiggestellte Verpackungfinished packaging
1111
Unterwerkzeug der SiegelstationLower tool of the sealing station
1212
Oberwerkzeug der SiegelstationTop tool of the sealing station
1313
Sensor, Sauerstoffsensor, Mittel, Mittel zur Messung, Lichtquelle, Strahlungsquelle, FarbsensorSensor, oxygen sensor, means, means for measurement, light source, radiation source, color sensor
1414
OberfolieTop film
1515
SiegelstationSealing station
1616
VerpackungsgutPackaged goods
1717th
LängsschneiderSlitter
1818th
QuerschneiderCross cutter
1919th
EinlaufbereichInfeed area

Claims (2)

  1. Method for processing and/or packaging a food product and/or medical product and/or pharmacological product and/or other hygiene-sensitive product with a processing, handling and/or packaging machine, characterized in that a deposit of bacteria and the metabolic products thereof and of biochemical reaction products on the processing, handling and/or packaging machine and/or the protective clothing of a worker is excited with a UV radiation, the fluorescent reflection from the deposit is measured and the measurement results achieved are stored together with a packaging identification in a storage medium that is located on a packaging and/or in a database.
  2. Processing and/or handling and/or packaging machine, characterized in that it has a sensor, with which a deposit of bacteria and the metabolic products thereof on the surface of the processing and/or handling and/or packaging machine and/or the protective clothing of a worker under excitation with UV radiation the fluorescent reflection of the deposit is measured and the measurement results achieved are stored together with a packaging identification in a storage medium that is located on a packaging and/or in a database.
EP17721550.6A 2016-04-19 2017-04-19 Characterization of a surface of an equipment during a product preparation and/or product packaging Active EP3446101B1 (en)

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DE102016206600 2016-04-19
DE102016206951 2016-04-25
PCT/EP2017/059283 WO2017182519A1 (en) 2016-04-19 2017-04-19 Determination of a surface covering during food preparation and/or food packaging

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Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19638693C2 (en) 1996-09-20 1998-12-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Photodetector and color filter using a photodetector
US6750006B2 (en) * 2002-01-22 2004-06-15 Microbiosystems, Limited Partnership Method for detecting the presence of microbes and determining their physiological status
US20060121165A1 (en) * 2002-09-16 2006-06-08 Morris Roger J Food freshness sensor
DE102006006220A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-16 Cfs Germany Gmbh Packaging machine with a frame
DE102011075667A1 (en) 2011-05-11 2012-11-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. PACKAGING
DE102012105291A1 (en) * 2012-06-18 2013-12-19 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method, device and portable measuring device for the detection of biological molecules in layers of a layer system
DE102013008003B4 (en) 2013-05-08 2015-03-19 Freshdetect Gmbh Measuring device for measuring a surface covering on a measuring object, in particular on a food, and its use
CN105419986B (en) * 2016-01-08 2018-03-27 山东木齐健康科技有限公司 With going that agriculture is residual and the material of antibacterial dirt-removing functions and its preparation method and application

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