EP3387738A1 - Rotary electrical machine - Google Patents

Rotary electrical machine

Info

Publication number
EP3387738A1
EP3387738A1 EP16798220.6A EP16798220A EP3387738A1 EP 3387738 A1 EP3387738 A1 EP 3387738A1 EP 16798220 A EP16798220 A EP 16798220A EP 3387738 A1 EP3387738 A1 EP 3387738A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheets
fins
machine according
subpacket
sub
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16798220.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Saint-Michel
Alexis Dutau
Michael Mcclelland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Moteurs Leroy Somer SA
Original Assignee
Moteurs Leroy Somer SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moteurs Leroy Somer SA filed Critical Moteurs Leroy Somer SA
Publication of EP3387738A1 publication Critical patent/EP3387738A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/18—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rotating electrical machines comprising a stator package of magnetic sheets.
  • the sheets conventionally form slots receiving the turns of the stator windings of the machine.
  • it is known to form the sheets with fins and / or cooling channels.
  • the machines can be classified in two families, namely machines with carcass and machines without carcass.
  • the term "carcass” designates a part of the machine intended to surround externally the stator, which part came from casting, being for example aluminum.
  • the "carcass” is distinguished from a simple “casing", which designates a part formed in a simple folded or stamped sheet.
  • the carcass has a structural function.
  • the housing has no structural function but a function for guiding the flow of the cooling fluid, for example air.
  • stator plates In the first category, the package of stator plates is received in a carcass.
  • Application FR 2 927 736 and US Pat. No. 5,331,238 and US Pat. No. 7,633,194 disclose machines with a carcass.
  • the stator laminations may have sub-packages with fins, which are staggered along the machine, to create turbulence and increase cooling efficiency.
  • the application DE 10 2012 017 293 relates to an electrical machine in which the stack of sheets can be arranged in a carcass.
  • the package of sheets In the second category, the machine being devoid of carcass, the package of sheets directly defines the outer surface of the machine, regardless of the presence of a possible casing.
  • Unwrapped machines are known from WO 2007/002216, US 8,519,580, US 2005/0067905 and WO 2005/022718. These machines most often use a sheet of generally square shape.
  • the stator plate package In WO 2007/002216, the stator plate package is made with fins.
  • the sheet package In US 8,519,580, the sheet package is made with internal channels.
  • the carcass represents a relatively high cost and creates an additional thermal barrier with the exterior. It is however necessary in some machines to close the channels of coolant.
  • FIRE I LLE OF REM PLACEM ENT (RULE 26) A machine without a carcass may be less expensive to manufacture; however, the sharp edges that result from the cutting of the fins on the outside of the plate bundle can lead to injuries in handling the stator.
  • the invention aims to remedy at least part of the disadvantages of known machines and to further improve the electrical machines and it achieves this through a rotating electrical machine comprising a stator, the stator comprising a magnetic sheet package composed of at least a first subpacket and at least a second subpacket adjacent to the first, the sheets of the first and second subpackets each having at least one fin formed at the periphery of the corresponding sheet, the fins of two subpackages consecutive being offset angularly relative to each other, so as to create a disturbance of the flow of a cooling fluid between the fins at the transition between the first and second subpacket, the machine further comprising a housing covering at least partially the sheet package, including a sheet metal housing.
  • Such a housing can serve as a cover and guide the cooling fluid on the outside of the package of sheets, and thus further improve the efficiency of cooling.
  • the housing may surround the stator to guide cooling fluid between the fins.
  • the housing may come into contact with at least a portion of the fins, or all the fins.
  • the housing may be different from a carcass made by foundry, as in the machines of the prior art.
  • the housing can guide the cooling fluid, including air for example, but does not stiffen the package of sheets.
  • the structural function of maintenance can be provided otherwise, for example by means of tie rods housed in holes of the plate package.
  • the housing may in particular be in contact only occasionally, or not at all, with the package of sheets. Its fixing can in this case be ensured by studs for example.
  • the housing can thus have a role called "dressing" of the package of sheets, but do not serve as housing for it.
  • the housing may comprise a sheet wound around the magnetic laminations of the stator.
  • the sheet of the housing may have a thickness of less than 4 mm, better than 3, for example of the order of 2 mm.
  • a sheet metal housing can allow, for a very low cost, to promote the circulation of the cooling fluid between the fins.
  • This housing can also be used to personalize the machine, being of any color and / or carrying any desired decoration, for example a logo.
  • the machine according to the invention is preferably devoid of carcass, without the disadvantages of known machines without carcass and with a possibility of increased cooling.
  • the machine may comprise channels formed between the fins, at least half of these channels, or at least two-thirds of the channels, better at least three quarters of the channels, or all the channels being open to the outside.
  • the disruption of the flow within the channels at the transition between the sub-packets makes it possible to increase the heat exchange between the plate package and the cooling fluid with respect to a straight passage that induces little turbulence. .
  • the cooling is improved compared to a machine without carcass whose channels are straight due to the use of identical sheets superimposed to achieve them.
  • the invention allows improved cooling and further allows, if desired, the use of channels with shapes that are not well suited to mounting in a carcass, unlike the prior art.
  • the invention makes it possible to avoid having to produce complicated shapes of castings.
  • the machine can be a closed machine complying with IP 55 or an open machine according to IP 23.
  • the machine may be devoid of closed channels.
  • “Closed channel” means a channel formed in the magnetic sheet of the stator, which is not open radially on the outside for at least part of its length, being for example delimited by external walls made during cutting sheets, as opposed to an open channel.
  • the machine comprises open channels formed between the fins.
  • the sheets of the subpackets may be identical but offset angularly from one subpacket to another by a 360 ° / n angle around the X axis of the machine, with n non-zero integer, the sheets being without symmetry by a rotation of 360 ° / n so that the fins of the plates thus offset create said disturbance of the flow at the transition between the sub-packets.
  • the variable n may be equal to 2, 4 or 8.
  • the sheets may comprise at least one external marking notch, providing information on the orientation of each subpacket within the packet.
  • the sheets of the first and second subpackets may differ from each other only by the position of the fins.
  • the fins of the sheets of the first subpacket and the fins of the sheets of the second subpacket may be offset angularly from one subpacket to another, for example at an angle of between 0.25 ° and 1, 25 °, better between 0.5 ° and 1.0 °, being for example of the order of 0.75 °.
  • the fins of the sheets of the first and second subpackets may be shifted by at least 1 mm, or at least 2 mm, more preferably by at least 3 mm.
  • At least one of the fins of a subpacket can be positioned between two fins of the adjacent subpacket such that a channel traversing a subpacket opens into two channels of the adjacent subpacket.
  • the sheets may be of generally circular outline. As a variant, they may be of generally polygonal outline, in particular square, preferably square with truncated corners.
  • the sheets may be symmetrical with respect to each of two planes perpendicular to each other and containing the axis of the machine. Alternatively, they may be non-symmetrical with respect to each of two planes perpendicular to each other and containing the axis of the machine.
  • Each subpacket comprises for example between 35 and 140 sheets.
  • the sheets are all identical, with the difference between the sub-packets.
  • Each sheet may be monolithic or formed of assembled sectors.
  • the machine may comprise an alternation of at least four subpackages.
  • the subpackets can be strictly identical two-to-two, being arranged alternately.
  • the machine may comprise in an exemplary embodiment an alternation of at least two first sub-packets and two second sub-packets.
  • the bundle of plates may comprise holes opening through a passage laterally outwards, tie rods being engaged in these holes and welded to the sheets via said passages, the holes being preferably located between the fins.
  • the machine can be mounted or not cantilever on a member to train or coach, including an air compressor, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,573,165 in particular.
  • the machine may comprise a front flange adjacent to the member to train or coach, provided with support lugs, and a rear flange without support legs.
  • the machine has front and rear flanges each provided with support legs.
  • the cooling of the machine can be carried out with a fan driven by the machine shaft or with an independent motor-fan, attached to the sheet metal package or on a flange of the machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a rotary electric machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view after removal of a portion of the housing
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a detail of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view, schematic and partial, of the detail of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a close-up view
  • Figures 6 and 7 are front views, schematic and partial, of a magnetic plate of the machine of Figures 1 to 5.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 show a rotary electric machine 1 according to the invention, comprising a stator 2 and a rotor 3 housed in a housing 5. It may be a synchronous motor or alternator or asynchronous, with permanent magnets or not.
  • the machine is devoid of carcass.
  • the housing 5 comprises a sheet 6 wound around the stator. Such a casing can thus serve as dressing machine.
  • the stator 3 comprises a pack 10 composed of an assembly of superimposed magnetic sheets 20, one of which is shown separately in front view of FIG.
  • Each sheet 20 is made for example of magnetic steel covered with an electrical insulating varnish on its opposite faces, in a manner known per se.
  • the machine is an internal rotor and each sheet 20 has a central opening 21 for the passage of the rotor 3, into which notches 23 cut into the sheet metal are made between teeth 2b which are intended to receive the electrical conductors of the stator windings.
  • the sheet 20 has a continuous annular yoke 2a behind the notches, the outer contour being generally circular.
  • the packet 10 is itself composed of two first subpackets 50 and two second subpackets 60 which follow each other along the axis X of the stator and which are arranged alternately, each first subpacket 50 being adjacent to the minus a second subpacket 60.
  • the sheets 20 of the first and second subpackets each comprise fins 100 formed at the periphery of the corresponding sheet.
  • the sheets of the first and second subpackets differ from each other only by the position of the fins. Within each subpacket, the sheets are identical.
  • the fins 100 of two consecutive subpackets 50, 60 are angularly offset relative to each other by an angle ⁇ , as can be seen in FIG. 4, so as to create a disturbance of the flow.
  • the fins 100 of a subpacket 50 can be positioned between two fins
  • a channel 110 traversing a subpacket opens into two channels of the adjacent subpacket.
  • channels 110 may circulate a fluid participating in the cooling of the stator, for example air.
  • the fins 100 of the sheets of the first and second subpackets may be offset by a distance e which may be equivalent to a value between one third and two thirds of the pitch of the fins and preferably half the pitch of the fins, this distance e being measured on the surface of the yoke 2a of the stator 2.
  • the housing surrounds the package 10 of magnetic laminations 20 of the stator to guide the coolant to the outside of the laminations, between the fins 100.
  • the crankcase can be mounted with a small clearance relative to the end of the fins , for example a game of the order of 1 to 2 mm. This low clearance helps to force the cooling fluid to pass between the fins.
  • the machine comprises for this purpose channels 110 formed between the fins 100, these channels being open to the outside. The machine 1 is thus devoid of closed channels.
  • the sheets 20 are of generally circular contour and are symmetrical with respect to each of two planes P and Q perpendicular to each other and containing the axis of the machine.
  • the bundle of sheets comprises portions 30 each traversed by a hole 31 opening through a laterally outward passage, tie rods 33 being engaged in these holes 31 and welded to the sheets via said passages, the holes 31 being located between the fins 100
  • the assembly of the stator laminations is thus ensured by the insertion of four steel rods 33 into the holes 31, which are then welded all along said passages.
  • the sheet 20 is preferably manufactured monolithically by cutting a strip with its final shape, but alternatively the package 10 is formed by winding on itself a chain of sectors or by assembling sectors (each constituting 1/4 or 1/8 of a complete sheet) for very large machines.
  • the use of a sheet metal sector is advantageous for this type of electric machine.
  • the tie rods 33 are optionally used to assemble the package 10 with the front and rear flanges of the machine.
  • the sheets 20 can also be assembled together by stapling, in a manner known per se.
  • the machine may comprise a fan driven in rotation by the shaft of the machine, so that the channels 110 are traversed by a forced air flow during operation of the machine. It is also possible to mount a fan motor inside the machine to ensure cooling over the entire operating range.

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary electrical machine (1) comprising a stator, said stator comprising a bundle (10) of magnetic sheets (20) made up of at least one first sub-bundle (50) and at least one second sub-bundle (60) adjacent to the first, the sheets of the first and second sub-bundles each comprising at least one fin (100) formed at the periphery of the corresponding sheet, the fins (100) of two consecutive sub-bundles being angularly offset relative to one another, in such a way as to create a disruption of the flow of a cooling fluid between the fins at the transition between the first and second sub-bundles, the machine also comprising a housing (5) at least partially covering the bundle of sheets (10), in particular a sheet-metal housing, the housing including a metal sheet wound around the bundle (10) of magnetic sheets of the stator.

Description

Machine électrique tournante  Rotating electric machine
La présente invention concerne les machines électriques tournantes comportant au stator un paquet de tôles magnétiques. Les tôles forment classiquement des encoches recevant les spires des bobinages stator de la machine. Pour faciliter le refroidissement de la machine, il est connu de former les tôles avec des ailettes et/ou des canaux de refroidissement.  The present invention relates to rotating electrical machines comprising a stator package of magnetic sheets. The sheets conventionally form slots receiving the turns of the stator windings of the machine. To facilitate the cooling of the machine, it is known to form the sheets with fins and / or cooling channels.
Par ailleurs, les machines peuvent être répertoriées en deux familles, à savoir les machines avec carcasse et les machines sans carcasse. On désigne par « carcasse » une partie de la machine destinée à entourer extérieurement le stator, laquelle partie est venue de fonderie, étant par exemple en aluminium. On distingue la « carcasse » d'un simple « carter », lequel désigne une partie formée dans une simple tôle pliée ou emboutie. La carcasse a une fonction structurelle. Le carter n'a pas de fonction structurelle mais une fonction de guidage de l'écoulement du fluide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'air.  Moreover, the machines can be classified in two families, namely machines with carcass and machines without carcass. The term "carcass" designates a part of the machine intended to surround externally the stator, which part came from casting, being for example aluminum. The "carcass" is distinguished from a simple "casing", which designates a part formed in a simple folded or stamped sheet. The carcass has a structural function. The housing has no structural function but a function for guiding the flow of the cooling fluid, for example air.
Dans la première catégorie, le paquet de tôles stator est reçu dans une carcasse. La demande FR 2 927 736 et les brevets US 5 331 238 et US 7 633 194 divulguent des machines avec carcasse. Le paquet de tôles du stator peut comporter des sous-paquets munis d'ailettes, qui sont disposées en quinconce le long de la machine, de façon à créer des turbulences et accroître l'efficacité du refroidissement.  In the first category, the package of stator plates is received in a carcass. Application FR 2 927 736 and US Pat. No. 5,331,238 and US Pat. No. 7,633,194 disclose machines with a carcass. The stator laminations may have sub-packages with fins, which are staggered along the machine, to create turbulence and increase cooling efficiency.
La demande DE 10 2012 017 293 a pour objet une machine électrique dans laquelle l'empilement de tôles peut être disposé dans une carcasse.  The application DE 10 2012 017 293 relates to an electrical machine in which the stack of sheets can be arranged in a carcass.
Dans la seconde catégorie, la machine étant dépourvue de carcasse, le paquet de tôles définit directement la surface extérieure de la machine, indépendamment de la présence d'un carter éventuel. Des machines sans carcasse sont connues des publications WO 2007/002216, US 8 519 580, US 2005/0067905 et WO 2005/022718. Ces machines utilisent le plus souvent une tôle de forme générale carrée. Dans WO 2007/002216, le paquet de tôles du stator est réalisé avec des ailettes. Dans US 8 519 580, le paquet de tôles est réalisé avec des canaux internes.  In the second category, the machine being devoid of carcass, the package of sheets directly defines the outer surface of the machine, regardless of the presence of a possible casing. Unwrapped machines are known from WO 2007/002216, US 8,519,580, US 2005/0067905 and WO 2005/022718. These machines most often use a sheet of generally square shape. In WO 2007/002216, the stator plate package is made with fins. In US 8,519,580, the sheet package is made with internal channels.
La carcasse représente un coût relativement important et crée une barrière thermique supplémentaire avec l'extérieur. Elle est toutefois nécessaire dans certaines machines pour fermer les canaux de fluide de refroidissement.  The carcass represents a relatively high cost and creates an additional thermal barrier with the exterior. It is however necessary in some machines to close the channels of coolant.
FEU I LLE DE REM PLACEM ENT (RÈG LE 26) Une machine sans carcasse peut s'avérer moins coûteuse à fabriquer; néanmoins, les arêtes vives qui résultent du découpage des ailettes sur l'extérieur du paquet de tôles peuvent donner lieu à des blessures lors de la manutention du stator. FIRE I LLE OF REM PLACEM ENT (RULE 26) A machine without a carcass may be less expensive to manufacture; however, the sharp edges that result from the cutting of the fins on the outside of the plate bundle can lead to injuries in handling the stator.
L'invention vise à remédier à une partie au moins des inconvénients des machines connues et à perfectionner encore les machines électriques et elle y parvient grâce à une machine électrique tournante comportant un stator, ce stator comportant un paquet de tôles magnétiques composé d'au moins un premier sous-paquet et d'au moins un deuxième sous-paquet adjacent au premier, les tôles des premier et deuxième sous-paquets comportant chacune au moins une ailette formée à la périphérie de la tôle correspondante, les ailettes de deux sous-paquets consécutifs étant décalées angulairement l'une par rapport à l'autre, de façon à créer une perturbation de l'écoulement d'un fluide de refroidissement entre les ailettes à la transition entre les premier et deuxième sous-paquet, la machine comportant en outre un carter recouvrant au moins partiellement le paquet de tôles, notamment un carter en tôle.  The invention aims to remedy at least part of the disadvantages of known machines and to further improve the electrical machines and it achieves this through a rotating electrical machine comprising a stator, the stator comprising a magnetic sheet package composed of at least a first subpacket and at least a second subpacket adjacent to the first, the sheets of the first and second subpackets each having at least one fin formed at the periphery of the corresponding sheet, the fins of two subpackages consecutive being offset angularly relative to each other, so as to create a disturbance of the flow of a cooling fluid between the fins at the transition between the first and second subpacket, the machine further comprising a housing covering at least partially the sheet package, including a sheet metal housing.
Un tel carter peut servir d'habillage et guider le fluide de refroidissement sur l'extérieur du paquet de tôles, et ainsi améliorer encore davantage l'efficacité du refroidissement. Le carter peut entourer le stator afin de guider le fluide de refroidissement entre les ailettes. Le carter peut venir en contact avec au moins une partie des ailettes, voire toutes les ailettes. Le carter peut être différent d'une carcasse réalisée par fonderie, comme dans les machines de l'art antérieur.  Such a housing can serve as a cover and guide the cooling fluid on the outside of the package of sheets, and thus further improve the efficiency of cooling. The housing may surround the stator to guide cooling fluid between the fins. The housing may come into contact with at least a portion of the fins, or all the fins. The housing may be different from a carcass made by foundry, as in the machines of the prior art.
Le carter permet de guider le fluide de refroidissement, notamment l'air par exemple, mais ne permet pas de rigidifier le paquet de tôles. La fonction structurelle de maintien peut être assurée autrement, par exemple au moyen de tirants logés dans des trous du paquet de tôles.  The housing can guide the cooling fluid, including air for example, but does not stiffen the package of sheets. The structural function of maintenance can be provided otherwise, for example by means of tie rods housed in holes of the plate package.
Le carter peut notamment n'être en contact que ponctuellement, voire pas du tout, avec le paquet de tôles. Sa fixation peut dans ce cas être assurée par des plots par exemple. Le carter peut ainsi avoir un rôle dit « d'habillage » du paquet de tôles, mais ne pas servir de logement à celui-ci.  The housing may in particular be in contact only occasionally, or not at all, with the package of sheets. Its fixing can in this case be ensured by studs for example. The housing can thus have a role called "dressing" of the package of sheets, but do not serve as housing for it.
L'invention permet de réduire, voire d'éliminer, du fait de la présence du carter, la présence d'arêtes vives sur la surface extérieure de la machine, et ainsi d'améliorer la sécurité en l'absence de carcasse. Le carter peut comporter une tôle enroulée autour du paquet de tôles magnétiques du stator. La tôle du carter peut avoir une épaisseur inférieure à 4 mm, mieux inférieure à 3, par exemple de l'ordre de 2 mm. Avantageusement, un carter en tôle peut permettre, pour un coût très modique, de favoriser la circulation du fluide de refroidissement entre les ailettes. Ce carter peut également servir à personnaliser la machine, en étant de toute couleur et/ou en portant toute décoration souhaitée, par exemple un logo. The invention makes it possible to reduce, or even eliminate, because of the presence of the casing, the presence of sharp edges on the outer surface of the machine, and thus to improve safety in the absence of a carcass. The housing may comprise a sheet wound around the magnetic laminations of the stator. The sheet of the housing may have a thickness of less than 4 mm, better than 3, for example of the order of 2 mm. Advantageously, a sheet metal housing can allow, for a very low cost, to promote the circulation of the cooling fluid between the fins. This housing can also be used to personalize the machine, being of any color and / or carrying any desired decoration, for example a logo.
La machine selon l'invention est de préférence dépourvue de carcasse, sans les inconvénients des machines sans carcasse connues et avec une possibilité de refroidissement accrue.  The machine according to the invention is preferably devoid of carcass, without the disadvantages of known machines without carcass and with a possibility of increased cooling.
La machine peut comporter des canaux ménagés entre les ailettes, au moins la moitié de ces canaux, voire au moins les deux tiers des canaux, mieux au moins les trois quarts des canaux, voire tous les canaux étant ouverts vers l'extérieur.  The machine may comprise channels formed between the fins, at least half of these channels, or at least two-thirds of the channels, better at least three quarters of the channels, or all the channels being open to the outside.
La perturbation de l'écoulement au sein des canaux à la transition entre les sous-paquets permet d'accroître l'échange thermique entre le paquet de tôles et le fluide de refroidissement par rapport à un passage droit qui n'induit que peu de turbulences. Le refroidissement est donc amélioré par rapport à une machine sans carcasse dont les canaux sont droits du fait de l'emploi de tôles identiques superposées pour les réaliser.  The disruption of the flow within the channels at the transition between the sub-packets makes it possible to increase the heat exchange between the plate package and the cooling fluid with respect to a straight passage that induces little turbulence. . The cooling is improved compared to a machine without carcass whose channels are straight due to the use of identical sheets superimposed to achieve them.
L'invention permet un refroidissement amélioré et permet en outre si on le souhaite d'utiliser des canaux avec des formes qui ne sont pas bien adaptées à un montage dans une carcasse, contrairement à l'art antérieur. L'invention permet d'éviter d'avoir à réaliser des pièces de fonderie de formes compliquées.  The invention allows improved cooling and further allows, if desired, the use of channels with shapes that are not well suited to mounting in a carcass, unlike the prior art. The invention makes it possible to avoid having to produce complicated shapes of castings.
La machine peut être une machine fermée respectant la norme IP 55 ou une machine ouverte selon la norme IP 23.  The machine can be a closed machine complying with IP 55 or an open machine according to IP 23.
La machine peut être dépourvue de canaux fermés. Par "canal fermé", on entend un canal formé au sein de la tôle magnétique du stator, qui n'est pas ouvert radialement sur l'extérieur sur une partie au moins de sa longueur, étant par exemple délimité par des parois extérieures réalisées lors du découpage des tôles, par opposition avec un canal ouvert. Dans l'invention, la machine comporte des canaux ouverts ménagés entre les ailettes.  The machine may be devoid of closed channels. "Closed channel" means a channel formed in the magnetic sheet of the stator, which is not open radially on the outside for at least part of its length, being for example delimited by external walls made during cutting sheets, as opposed to an open channel. In the invention, the machine comprises open channels formed between the fins.
Les tôles des sous-paquets peuvent être identiques mais décalées angulairement entre elles d'un sous paquet à l'autre d'un angle 360°/n autour de l'axe X de la machine, avec n entier non nul, les tôles étant sans symétrie par une rotation de 360°/n de telle sorte que les ailettes des tôles ainsi décalées créent ladite perturbation de l'écoulement à la transition entre les sous-paquets. La variable n peut être égale à 2, 4 ou 8. Dans ce cas, les tôles peuvent comporter au moins une encoche de repérage externe, renseignant sur l'orientation de chaque sous-paquet au sein du paquet. The sheets of the subpackets may be identical but offset angularly from one subpacket to another by a 360 ° / n angle around the X axis of the machine, with n non-zero integer, the sheets being without symmetry by a rotation of 360 ° / n so that the fins of the plates thus offset create said disturbance of the flow at the transition between the sub-packets. The variable n may be equal to 2, 4 or 8. In this case, the sheets may comprise at least one external marking notch, providing information on the orientation of each subpacket within the packet.
En variante, les tôles des premier et deuxième sous-paquets peuvent différer entre elles seulement par la position des ailettes. Les ailettes des tôles du premier sous- paquet et les ailettes des tôles du deuxième sous-paquet peuvent être décalées angulairement entre elles d'un sous paquet à l'autre, par exemple d'un angle compris entre 0,25° et 1,25°, mieux entre 0,5° et 1,0°, étant par exemple de l'ordre de 0,75°.  Alternatively, the sheets of the first and second subpackets may differ from each other only by the position of the fins. The fins of the sheets of the first subpacket and the fins of the sheets of the second subpacket may be offset angularly from one subpacket to another, for example at an angle of between 0.25 ° and 1, 25 °, better between 0.5 ° and 1.0 °, being for example of the order of 0.75 °.
Les ailettes des tôles des premier et deuxième sous-paquets peuvent être décalées d'au moins 1 mm, voir d'au moins 2 mm, mieux d'au moins 3 mm.  The fins of the sheets of the first and second subpackets may be shifted by at least 1 mm, or at least 2 mm, more preferably by at least 3 mm.
L'une au moins des ailettes d'un sous-paquet peut se positionner entre deux ailettes du sous-paquet adjacent, de sorte qu'un canal parcourant un sous-paquet débouche dans deux canaux du sous-paquet adjacent.  At least one of the fins of a subpacket can be positioned between two fins of the adjacent subpacket such that a channel traversing a subpacket opens into two channels of the adjacent subpacket.
Les tôles peuvent être de contour généralement circulaire. En variante, elles peuvent être de contour généralement polygonal, notamment carré, de préférence carré à coins tronqués.  The sheets may be of generally circular outline. As a variant, they may be of generally polygonal outline, in particular square, preferably square with truncated corners.
Les tôles peuvent être symétriques par rapport à chacun de deux plans perpendiculaires entre eux et contenant l'axe de la machine. En variante, elles peuvent être non symétrique par rapport à chacun de deux plans perpendiculaires entre eux et contenant l'axe de la machine.  The sheets may be symmetrical with respect to each of two planes perpendicular to each other and containing the axis of the machine. Alternatively, they may be non-symmetrical with respect to each of two planes perpendicular to each other and containing the axis of the machine.
Chaque sous-paquet comporte par exemple entre 35 et 140 tôles. De préférence, au sein du paquet, les tôles sont toutes identiques, au décalage près entre les sous-paquets. Chaque tôle peut être monolithique ou formée de secteurs assemblés.  Each subpacket comprises for example between 35 and 140 sheets. Preferably, within the package, the sheets are all identical, with the difference between the sub-packets. Each sheet may be monolithic or formed of assembled sectors.
La machine peut comporter une alternance d'au moins quatre sous-paquets. Les sous-paquets peuvent être strictement identiques deux-à-deux, étant disposés en alternance. La machine peut comporter dans un exemple de réalisation une alternance d'au moins deux premiers sous-paquets et deux deuxièmes sous-paquets.  The machine may comprise an alternation of at least four subpackages. The subpackets can be strictly identical two-to-two, being arranged alternately. The machine may comprise in an exemplary embodiment an alternation of at least two first sub-packets and two second sub-packets.
Le paquet de tôles peut comporter des trous débouchant par un passage latéralement vers l'extérieur, des tirants étant engagés dans ces trous et soudés aux tôles via lesdits passages, les trous étant de préférence situés entre les ailettes. La machine peut être montée ou non en porte-à-faux sur un organe à entraîner ou entraîneur, notamment un compresseur à air, comme divulgué dans le brevet US 7 573 165 notamment. The bundle of plates may comprise holes opening through a passage laterally outwards, tie rods being engaged in these holes and welded to the sheets via said passages, the holes being preferably located between the fins. The machine can be mounted or not cantilever on a member to train or coach, including an air compressor, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,573,165 in particular.
La machine peut comporter un flasque avant adjacent à l'organe à entraîner ou entraîneur, pourvu de pattes de support, et un flasque arrière dépourvu de pattes de support.  The machine may comprise a front flange adjacent to the member to train or coach, provided with support lugs, and a rear flange without support legs.
En variante, la machine comporte des flasques avant et arrière chacun munis de pattes de support.  Alternatively, the machine has front and rear flanges each provided with support legs.
Le refroidissement de la machine peut s'effectuer avec un ventilateur entraîné par l'arbre de la machine ou avec un moto -ventilateur indépendant, rapporté sur le paquet de tôles ou sur un flasque de la machine.  The cooling of the machine can be carried out with a fan driven by the machine shaft or with an independent motor-fan, attached to the sheet metal package or on a flange of the machine.
L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en œuvre non limitatifs de celle-ci, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :  The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, examples of non-limiting implementation thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:
la figure 1 représente, de façon schématique et en perspective, une machine électrique tournante selon l'invention,  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a rotary electric machine according to the invention,
la figure 2 en est une vue après enlèvement d'une partie du carter, la figure 3 illustre un détail de la figure 2,  FIG. 2 is a view after removal of a portion of the housing, FIG. 3 illustrates a detail of FIG.
la figure 4 est une vue de face, schématique et partielle, du détail de la figure 3,  FIG. 4 is a front view, schematic and partial, of the detail of FIG. 3,
- la figure 5 en est une vue rapprochée, et  FIG. 5 is a close-up view, and
les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues de face, schématiques et partielles, d'une tôle magnétique de la machine des figures 1 à 5.  Figures 6 and 7 are front views, schematic and partial, of a magnetic plate of the machine of Figures 1 to 5.
On a représenté sur les figures 1 à 7 une machine électrique tournante 1 conforme à l'invention, comportant un stator 2 et un rotor 3 logés dans un carter 5. Il peut s'agir d'un moteur ou d'un alternateur, synchrone ou asynchrone, à aimants permanents ou non. La machine est dépourvue de carcasse. Le carter 5 comporte une tôle 6 enroulée autour du stator. Un tel carter peut ainsi servir d'habillage à la machine.  FIGS. 1 to 7 show a rotary electric machine 1 according to the invention, comprising a stator 2 and a rotor 3 housed in a housing 5. It may be a synchronous motor or alternator or asynchronous, with permanent magnets or not. The machine is devoid of carcass. The housing 5 comprises a sheet 6 wound around the stator. Such a casing can thus serve as dressing machine.
Le stator 3 comporte un paquet 10 composé d'un assemblage de tôles magnétiques 20 superposées, dont l'une d'elles est représentée isolément en vue de face à la figure 6.  The stator 3 comprises a pack 10 composed of an assembly of superimposed magnetic sheets 20, one of which is shown separately in front view of FIG.
Chaque tôle 20 est réalisée par exemple en acier magnétique recouvert d'un vernis isolant électrique sur ses faces opposées, de façon connue en soi. Dans l'exemple considéré, la machine est à rotor intérieur et chaque tôle 20 comporte une ouverture centrale 21 pour le passage du rotor 3, dans laquelle débouchent des encoches 23 découpées dans la tôle, ménagées entre des dents 2b qui sont destinées à recevoir les conducteurs électriques des bobinages du stator. Each sheet 20 is made for example of magnetic steel covered with an electrical insulating varnish on its opposite faces, in a manner known per se. In the example considered, the machine is an internal rotor and each sheet 20 has a central opening 21 for the passage of the rotor 3, into which notches 23 cut into the sheet metal are made between teeth 2b which are intended to receive the electrical conductors of the stator windings.
La tôle 20 présente une culasse annulaire continue 2a en arrière des encoches, le contour extérieur étant généralement de forme circulaire.  The sheet 20 has a continuous annular yoke 2a behind the notches, the outer contour being generally circular.
Le paquet 10 est lui-même composé de deux premiers sous-paquets 50 et de deux deuxièmes sous-paquets 60 qui se succèdent selon l'axe X du stator et qui sont disposés en alternance, chaque premier sous-paquet 50 étant adjacent à au moins un deuxième sous-paquet 60.  The packet 10 is itself composed of two first subpackets 50 and two second subpackets 60 which follow each other along the axis X of the stator and which are arranged alternately, each first subpacket 50 being adjacent to the minus a second subpacket 60.
Les tôles 20 des premiers et deuxièmes sous-paquets comportent chacune des ailettes 100 formée à la périphérie de la tôle correspondante. Les tôles des premier et deuxième sous-paquets diffèrent entre elles seulement par la position des ailettes. Au sein de chaque sous-paquet, les tôles sont identiques. Les ailettes 100 de deux sous-paquets 50, 60 consécutifs sont décalées angulairement l'une par rapport à l'autre d'un angle a, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, de façon à créer une perturbation de l'écoulement d'un fluide de refroidissement entre les ailettes 100 à la transition entre les premiers 50 et deuxièmes 60 sous-paquets, en le rendant plus turbulent. Il en résulte un échange thermique amélioré entre le fluide et le paquet de tôles et un meilleur refroidissement de la machine.  The sheets 20 of the first and second subpackets each comprise fins 100 formed at the periphery of the corresponding sheet. The sheets of the first and second subpackets differ from each other only by the position of the fins. Within each subpacket, the sheets are identical. The fins 100 of two consecutive subpackets 50, 60 are angularly offset relative to each other by an angle α, as can be seen in FIG. 4, so as to create a disturbance of the flow. a cooling fluid between the fins 100 at the transition between the first 50 and second 60 subpackets, making it more turbulent. This results in improved heat exchange between the fluid and the plate package and better cooling of the machine.
Les ailettes 100 d'un sous-paquet 50 peuvent se positionner entre deux ailettes The fins 100 of a subpacket 50 can be positioned between two fins
100 du sous-paquet adjacent 60, de sorte qu'un canal 110 parcourant un sous-paquet débouche dans deux canaux du sous-paquet adjacent. Dans ces canaux 110 peut circuler un fluide participant au refroidissement du stator, par exemple de l'air. 100 of the adjacent subpacket 60, so that a channel 110 traversing a subpacket opens into two channels of the adjacent subpacket. In these channels 110 may circulate a fluid participating in the cooling of the stator, for example air.
Les ailettes 100 des tôles des premier et deuxième sous-paquets peuvent être décalées d'une distance e qui peut être équivalente à une valeur comprise entre un tiers et deux tiers du pas des ailettes et de préférence la moitié du pas des ailettes, cette distance e étant mesurée à la surface de la culasse 2a du stator 2.  The fins 100 of the sheets of the first and second subpackets may be offset by a distance e which may be equivalent to a value between one third and two thirds of the pitch of the fins and preferably half the pitch of the fins, this distance e being measured on the surface of the yoke 2a of the stator 2.
Le carter entoure le paquet 10 de tôles magnétiques 20 du stator afin de guider le fluide de refroidissement sur l'extérieur du paquet de tôles, entre les ailettes 100. Le carter peut être monté avec un faible jeu par rapport à l'extrémité des ailettes, par exemple un jeu de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mm. Ce faible jeu contribue à forcer le fluide de refroidissement à passer entre les ailettes. La machine comporte à cet effet des canaux 110 ménagés entre les ailettes 100, ces canaux étant ouverts vers l'extérieur. La machine 1 est ainsi dépourvue de canaux fermés. The housing surrounds the package 10 of magnetic laminations 20 of the stator to guide the coolant to the outside of the laminations, between the fins 100. The crankcase can be mounted with a small clearance relative to the end of the fins , for example a game of the order of 1 to 2 mm. This low clearance helps to force the cooling fluid to pass between the fins. The machine comprises for this purpose channels 110 formed between the fins 100, these channels being open to the outside. The machine 1 is thus devoid of closed channels.
Les tôles 20 sont de contour généralement circulaire et sont symétriques par rapport à chacun de deux plans P et Q perpendiculaires entre eux et contenant l'axe de la machine.  The sheets 20 are of generally circular contour and are symmetrical with respect to each of two planes P and Q perpendicular to each other and containing the axis of the machine.
Le paquet de tôles comporte des parties 30 traversées chacune par un trou 31 débouchant par un passage latéralement vers l'extérieur, des tirants 33 étant engagés dans ces trous 31 et soudés aux tôles via lesdits passages, les trous 31 étant situés entre les ailettes 100. Le montage du paquet de tôles du stator est ainsi assuré par l'insertion de quatre tirants en acier 33 dans les trous 31, qui sont ensuite soudés tout le long desdits passages.  The bundle of sheets comprises portions 30 each traversed by a hole 31 opening through a laterally outward passage, tie rods 33 being engaged in these holes 31 and welded to the sheets via said passages, the holes 31 being located between the fins 100 The assembly of the stator laminations is thus ensured by the insertion of four steel rods 33 into the holes 31, which are then welded all along said passages.
La tôle 20 est de préférence fabriquée de façon monolithique par découpe d'un feuillard avec sa forme définitive, mais en variante le paquet 10 est formé en enroulant sur lui-même un chapelet de secteurs ou par assemblage de secteurs (constituant chacun 1/4 ou 1/8 d'une tôle complète) pour les très grosses machines. L'utilisation d'une tôlerie à secteurs est avantageuse pour ce type de machine électrique.  The sheet 20 is preferably manufactured monolithically by cutting a strip with its final shape, but alternatively the package 10 is formed by winding on itself a chain of sectors or by assembling sectors (each constituting 1/4 or 1/8 of a complete sheet) for very large machines. The use of a sheet metal sector is advantageous for this type of electric machine.
Les tirants 33 servent éventuellement à assembler le paquet 10 avec des flasques avant et arrière de la machine.  The tie rods 33 are optionally used to assemble the package 10 with the front and rear flanges of the machine.
Les tôles 20 peuvent être également assemblées entre elles par agrafage, de façon connue en soi.  The sheets 20 can also be assembled together by stapling, in a manner known per se.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.
La machine peut comporter un ventilateur entraîné en rotation par l'arbre de la machine, de façon à ce que les canaux 110 soient parcourus par une circulation d'air forcée durant le fonctionnement de la machine. Il est également possible de monter un moto- ventilateur à l'intérieur de la machine afin d'assurer le refroidissement sur toute la plage de fonctionnement.  The machine may comprise a fan driven in rotation by the shaft of the machine, so that the channels 110 are traversed by a forced air flow during operation of the machine. It is also possible to mount a fan motor inside the machine to ensure cooling over the entire operating range.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Machine électrique tournante (1) comportant un stator, ce stator comportant un paquet (10) de tôles magnétiques (20) composé d'au moins un premier sous- paquet (50) et d'au moins un deuxième sous-paquet (60) adjacent au premier, les tôles des premier et deuxième sous-paquets comportant chacune au moins une ailette (100) formée à la périphérie de la tôle correspondante, les ailettes (100) de deux sous-paquets consécutifs étant décalées angulairement l'une par rapport à l'autre, de façon à créer une perturbation de l'écoulement d'un fluide de refroidissement entre les ailettes à la transition entre les premier et deuxième sous-paquet, la machine comportant en outre un carter (5) recouvrant au moins partiellement le paquet de tôles (10), notamment un carter en tôle, 1. A rotary electric machine (1) comprising a stator, said stator comprising a magnetic sheet package (10) (20) composed of at least a first subpacket (50) and at least a second subpacket ( 60) adjacent to the first, the sheets of the first and second subpackets each having at least one fin (100) formed at the periphery of the corresponding sheet, the fins (100) of two consecutive subpackets being angularly offset one relative to the other, so as to create a disturbance of the flow of a cooling fluid between the fins at the transition between the first and second sub-packages, the machine further comprising a casing (5) covering at least partially the package of sheets (10), in particular a sheet metal casing,
le carter comportant une tôle enroulée autour du paquet (10) de tôles magnétiques du stator. the casing comprising a sheet wound around the packet (10) of stator laminations.
2. Machine électrique selon la revendication précédente, étant dépourvue de carcasse.  2. Electrical machine according to the preceding claim, being devoid of carcass.
3. Machine électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant des canaux ménagés entre les ailettes.  3. Electrical machine according to any one of the preceding claims, having channels formed between the fins.
4. Machine électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, étant dépourvue de canaux fermés.  4. The electrical machine according to any one of the preceding claims, being devoid of closed channels.
5. Machine électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les tôles (20) des sous-paquets étant identiques mais décalées angulairement entre elles d'un sous paquet à l'autre d'un angle 360°/n autour de l'axe (X) de la machine, avec n entier non nul, les tôles (20) étant sans symétrie par une rotation de 360°/n de telle sorte que les ailettes (100) des tôles ainsi décalées créent ladite perturbation de l'écoulement à la transition entre les sous-paquets (50,60).  5. Electrical machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the sheets (20) of the sub-packets being identical but angularly offset from one subpacket to another by an angle 360 ° / n around the axis (X) of the machine, with n non-zero integer, the sheets (20) being without symmetry by a rotation of 360 ° / n so that the fins (100) of the plates thus offset create said disturbance of the flow at the transition between subpackets (50,60).
6. Machine électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications l à 5, les tôles (20) du premier et deuxième sous-paquets différant entre elles seulement par la position des ailettes.  6. Electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the sheets (20) of the first and second sub-packs differing only by the position of the fins.
7. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les ailettes (100) des tôles (20) des premier et deuxième sous-paquets étant décalées d'au moins 1mm, voir d'au moins 2 mm, mieux d'au moins 3 mm. 7. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the fins (100) of the plates (20) of the first and second sub-packages being shifted by at least 1 mm, see at least 2 mm, better at least 3 mm.
8. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant une alternance d'au moins deux premiers sous-paquets et deux seconds sous- paquets. 8. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an alternation of at least two first sub-packets and two second sub-packets.
9. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'une au moins des ailettes (100) d'un sous-paquet se positionnant entre deux ailettes (100) du sous- paquet adjacent, de sorte qu'un canal (110) parcourant un sous-paquet débouche dans deux canaux du sous-paquet adjacent.  9. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, at least one of the fins (100) of a subpacket being positioned between two fins (100) of the adjacent subpacket, so that a channel (110) ) browsing a subpacket opens into two channels of the adjacent subpacket.
10. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, les tôles (20) étant de contour généralement circulaire.  10. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the sheets (20) being of generally circular outline.
11. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, chaque sous-paquet comportant entre 35 et 140 tôles (20).  11. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, each subpacket comprising between 35 and 140 sheets (20).
12. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le paquet de tôles comportant des trous (31) débouchant par un passage (32) latéralement vers l'extérieur, des tirants (33) étant engagés dans ces trous (31) et soudés aux tôles via lesdits passages (32).  12. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, the bundle of plates having holes (31) opening through a passage (32) laterally outwardly, tie rods (33) being engaged in these holes (31) and welded. to the sheets via said passages (32).
13. Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, étant montée en porte-à-faux sur un organe à entraîner ou entraîneur, notamment un compresseur à air.  13. Machine according to any one of the preceding claims, being mounted in cantilever on a member to drive or trainer, including an air compressor.
EP16798220.6A 2015-12-11 2016-11-21 Rotary electrical machine Withdrawn EP3387738A1 (en)

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FR1562185A FR3045235B1 (en) 2015-12-11 2015-12-11 Rotating electrical machine having a stator with a magnetic foil package and a housing for improving cooling efficiency
PCT/EP2016/078318 WO2017097575A1 (en) 2015-12-11 2016-11-21 Rotary electrical machine

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FR3045235B1 (en) 2019-04-26

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