EP3374534B1 - Method of masking a component which can be coated with a thermal sprayed layer - Google Patents

Method of masking a component which can be coated with a thermal sprayed layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3374534B1
EP3374534B1 EP16793898.4A EP16793898A EP3374534B1 EP 3374534 B1 EP3374534 B1 EP 3374534B1 EP 16793898 A EP16793898 A EP 16793898A EP 3374534 B1 EP3374534 B1 EP 3374534B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
masking
paste
sealing bead
coated
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EP16793898.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3374534A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander MICHLA
Philipp GASTEL
Alexander Sollberger
Martin STÖCKLI
Dario Russo
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Oerlikon Metco AG
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Oerlikon Metco AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for masking part of the surface of a component which is to be coated by means of thermal spraying.
  • Thermal spraying is a coating process in which a material, for example in powder form, is continuously melted. The resulting droplets are thrown onto the surface to be coated, causing flattened droplets to accumulate on the surface.
  • the layer layers that build up in this way lead to a coating which, for example, can be harder, more brittle but also more porous than the uncoated component.
  • any meltable material can be sprayed and that almost any component material and almost any component geometry can be coated.
  • the degree of automation that can be achieved with the process is very high, as is the reproducibility and the achievable quality of the layers.
  • the entire surface of the component should not be coated. Those parts of the surface that are not to be coated must therefore be covered, i.e. masked. Unfortunately, the degree of automation achieved in masking has so far been very low. The components are often masked manually.
  • overlay masks such as in the JP 3158451 or US 6645299 described for use.
  • adhesive masks made of adhesive tapes are used which are glued directly onto the parts of the surface that are not to be coated.
  • a masking itself is described which consists of an elastic material which is slightly undersized.
  • the materials described there also include, for example, elastomers.
  • the masking When the masking is attached to the component, the masking adjoins the component very closely due to its undersize. This type of masking works particularly well when the component has to be masked all around.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a largely automated masking method that allows the critical mask boundaries to be positioned with the required high level of accuracy.
  • a mask is implemented at least along the critical mask boundaries by means of a paste that is dispensed from a nozzle.
  • the term "paste" used in the present description means a liquid material that has such a viscosity level that it can be applied to the surface of the component in the form of a sealing bead with any contour without flowing on the surface. According to the invention, the paste can be hardened.
  • the viscosity has a major influence on the precision with which a sealing bead with its geometric shape (creating a shadowing) is to be created. For this reason, the paste and / or the component to be masked is processed and applied under a predetermined temperature-controlled environment (cooled).
  • curing can take place by evaporation of the solvent contained in the paste.
  • the curing is at least partially achieved by crosslinking, particularly preferably by photo-induced crosslinking.
  • a UV curing paste could be used. This is advantageous, among other things, because the paste only has to be hardened shortly after it has been applied to the component. In the context of thermal spraying, and especially when it is a plasma process, the component is exposed to intense UV radiation due to the plasma process, which leads to further curing and, ideally, complete curing. Because the paste first only has to be hardened, more cost-effective UV sources can be used and / or the UV irradiation time can be shortened.
  • the masking is carried out in two steps. Areas to be masked are accordingly masked by means of one of the methods already known from the prior art, although in the area of the critical mask boundaries no masking with the correspondingly known means is provided. So it is a partial masking, with the areas around the critical mask boundaries. The areas around the critical mask boundaries are then masked by means of the above-mentioned method, ie masking paste is applied in these areas by means of at least one nozzle and the masking is thus completed. It is advantageous to ensure that when the masking is completed, there is an overlap with the partial masking in order to ensure that no unmasked areas arise between partial masking and complete masking.
  • the particular advantage of this method is that the masking of relatively large areas, which would take a lot of time with the paste method, can be applied quickly using a method that is relatively imprecise in terms of position, and the critical edge areas of the critical mask boundaries are very precise using the paste method can be applied.
  • the imprecise procedure can be automated relatively easily. Automation of the paste process is also possible. In the paste process it is necessary that the nozzle exit point is moved relative to the mask border areas to be masked in the course of the paste dispensing. Either a nozzle or a component can be mounted on a robot.
  • the component In the case of smaller components to be masked, the component would preferably be mounted on the robot arm, since then the connection between the nozzle and the paste reservoir, which is usually guaranteed via hoses, is not subjected to any movement. For larger components that are more difficult to move, it can be advantageous to mount the nozzle on the robot arm.
  • means for positioning and / or orienting the component and / or means for positioning and / or orienting the at least one nozzle can be provided.
  • a critical mask boundary is described by a precise sealing bead.
  • the uncritical mask boundaries can be divided into at least two categories, namely attaching simple covers, for example. However, in some cases no covers can be attached to undercuts, or they would limit the dispensing process. For this reason, a lower-viscosity pasty material is used in a second dispenser. Due to its low viscosity, it flows into one another and can therefore be applied very well over a large area. The precise sealing beads are laid beforehand.
  • the precise masking in the area of the critical mask boundaries is essential in many applications.
  • the inventors have found that sometimes in these areas, although the masking was applied very precisely, there was no longer any layer applied by thermal spraying after the masking was removed. From this observation the idea was born to try to realize the masking along the critical mask limits not slowly increasing but with a high steepness. This is based on the assumption that if at the transition from the area to be coated to the area not to be coated, the thermally sprayed layer is implemented as a continuous layer extending beyond the critical mask boundary, when the coating is removed, components of the sprayed layer are carried away beyond the mask boundary.
  • the paste is adapted to the material of the component to be masked in such a way that a contact angle of at least 90 ° results.
  • the mask thickness then does not increase continuously at the critical mask boundary, but rather forms an at least vertical, if not overhanging wall.
  • the thermally sprayed layer is essentially interrupted at the critical mask boundary. When the masking is removed, no parts of the layer are therefore carried away beyond the critical mask boundary. If the contact angle exceeds 90 °, a shadowing effect occurs to a greater extent, which further contributes to the separation of the sprayed layers on the left and right of the critical mask boundary.
  • At least a second sealing bead is placed over the first sealing bead.
  • This second sealing bead is applied in such a way that a reinforced overhang is realized, which results in an intensification of the shadowing effect.
  • the contact angle is defined here similar to the contact angle at an interface between a liquid and a solid, since when the paste is applied, a contact angle is formed, with the contact angle, regardless of whether the paste hardens or not, changes during the entire process essentially does not change.
  • the contact angle is defined as the angle that is enclosed by the surface of the component, at the interface between component and sealing bead, and a tangent on the surface of the sealing bead or a tangent on the surfaces of the double sealing bead.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the corresponding situation in which two sealing beads 3 lying one above the other are applied to a component 1 in such a way that the contact angle ⁇ > 90 ° (visible on the left edge of the figure).
  • a contact angle ⁇ ⁇ 90 ° would not be optimal, since this can lead to problems of delamination of the layer 5 (visible at the right edge of the figure).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Maskieren eines Teils der Oberfläche eines Bauteils, das mittels thermischem Spritzen beschichtet werden soll.The present invention relates to a method for masking part of the surface of a component which is to be coated by means of thermal spraying.

Das thermische Spritzen ist ein Beschichtungsverfahren, bei dem ein Material beispielsweise in Pulverform kontinuierlich geschmolzen wird. Die dabei entstehenden Tröpfchen werden auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche geschleudert, wodurch sich abgeflachte Tröpfchen an der Oberfläche anhäufen. Die sich so aufbauenden Schichtlagen führen zu einer Beschichtung, welche beispielsweise härter, spröder aber auch poröser als das unbeschichtete Bauteil sein kann.Thermal spraying is a coating process in which a material, for example in powder form, is continuously melted. The resulting droplets are thrown onto the surface to be coated, causing flattened droplets to accumulate on the surface. The layer layers that build up in this way lead to a coating which, for example, can be harder, more brittle but also more porous than the uncoated component.

Dabei ist bemerkenswert, dass jedes aufschmelzbare Material verspritzt werden kann und dass nahezu jedes Bauteilmaterial und nahezu jede Bauteilgeometrie beschichtet werden kann. Der mit dem Verfahren erzielbare Automatisierungsgrad ist sehr hoch, genauso wie die Reproduzierbarkeit sowie die erzielbare Qualität der Schichten.It is noteworthy that any meltable material can be sprayed and that almost any component material and almost any component geometry can be coated. The degree of automation that can be achieved with the process is very high, as is the reproducibility and the achievable quality of the layers.

In vielen Fällen sollte allerdings nicht die gesamte Oberfläche des Bauteils beschichtet werden. Diejenigen Teile der Oberfläche, welche nicht beschichtet werden sollen müssen daher abgedeckt, d.h. maskiert werden. Leider ist der bei der Maskierung erzielte Automatisierungsgrad bisher sehr gering. Vielfach werden die Bauteile noch manuell maskiert.In many cases, however, the entire surface of the component should not be coated. Those parts of the surface that are not to be coated must therefore be covered, i.e. masked. Unfortunately, the degree of automation achieved in masking has so far been very low. The components are often masked manually.

Einerseits kommen Auflagemasken, wie zum Beispiel in der JP 3158451 oder US 6645299 beschrieben zum Einsatz. Andererseits verwendet man klebende Masken aus Klebebändern die direkt auf die nicht zu beschichtenden Teile der Oberfläche aufgeklebt werden.On the one hand, there are overlay masks, such as in the JP 3158451 or US 6645299 described for use. On the other hand, adhesive masks made of adhesive tapes are used which are glued directly onto the parts of the surface that are not to be coated.

Ein kleiner Überblick über die gängigen Maskierungsverfahren im Zusammenhang mit thermischem Spritzen ist in der WO2010/031370 A1 gegeben. Dort wird auch auf die Möglichkeit verwiesen eine Maskierung aus einem Lack oder aus einem bindemittelhaltigem Gemisch auf den zu schützenden Bereich aufzubringen, wie dies zum Beispiel in der US 4464430 beschrieben. Dort wird allerdings mittels Tauchbeschichtung maskiert indem die nicht mittels thermischem Spritzen zu beschichtenden Teile der Oberfläche in ein Tauchbad eingetaucht werden. Dieses Verfahren ist natürlich auf sehr wenige Geometrien beschränkt.A brief overview of the common masking processes associated with thermal spraying is in the WO2010 / 031370 A1 given. Reference is also made there to the possibility of applying a masking made of a lacquer or a mixture containing a binder to the area to be protected, as is done, for example, in FIG US 4464430 described. There, however, masking is carried out by means of dip coating in that the parts of the surface that are not to be coated by thermal spraying are immersed in an immersion bath. This method is of course limited to very few geometries.

In der WO2010/031370 A1 selbst wird eine Maskierung beschrieben, die aus einem elastischen Material besteht welches eine leichte Untergrösse hat. Unter den dort beschriebenen Materialien befinden sich auch zum Beispiel Elastomere. Bei der Anbringung der Maskierung an das Bauteil schliesst die Maskierung aufgrund der Untergrösse sehr dicht an das Bauteil an. Diese Art der Maskierung funktioniert vor allem dann gut wenn das Bauteil rundherum maskiert werden muss.In the WO2010 / 031370 A1 a masking itself is described which consists of an elastic material which is slightly undersized. The materials described there also include, for example, elastomers. When the masking is attached to the component, the masking adjoins the component very closely due to its undersize. This type of masking works particularly well when the component has to be masked all around.

Als weitere Stand der Technik, offenbart " Automatisches Maskieren von Oberflächen» in Automate.Now! von 18. Juni 2015, Seite 23-25 , eine Methode um bestimmte Bereiche von Werkstücken, die mit Prozessen wie Sandstrahlen, kugelstrahlen, thermisches Spritzen, chemisches Umwandeln, Lackieren etc. bearbeitet werden, zu Maskieren.As further prior art, disclosed " Automatic masking of surfaces »in Automate.Now! from June 18, 2015, pages 23-25 , a method to mask certain areas of workpieces that are processed with processes such as sandblasting, shot peening, thermal spraying, chemical conversion, painting etc.

Darüber hinaus offenbart «Abdecken schnell und auf den Millimeter genau» in Technische Rundschau 7/2015 von 1. Juli 2015, Seite 42-22 , eine automatisierte Maskierzelle für das Maskieren oder Abdecken von Werkstückoberflächen.In addition, disclosed "Covering quickly and to the millimeter" in Technische Rundschau 7/2015 from July 1, 2015, pages 42-22 , an automated masking cell for masking or covering workpiece surfaces.

Ausserdem offenbart US2009/321112 eine starr-flexible Leiterplatte mit einer abziehbaren Maske und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Maske.Also revealed US2009 / 321112 a rigid-flexible printed circuit board with a peelable mask and a method for producing such a mask.

Zum Schluss offenbart, US6849308 ein Verfahren zur Bildung eines Maskenmusters auf einer Oberfläche.Finally revealed US6849308 a method of forming a mask pattern on a surface.

Allen oben beschriebenen Methoden haften zumindest zwei Nachteile an: Einserseits lassen sie sich nicht, oder wenn überhaupt dann lediglich mit sehr grossem technischen Aufwand automatisieren. Andererseits lassen sie in vielen Fällen nicht die in der Anwendung gewünschte Präzision zu. So muss bei vielen Anwendungen diejenige Linien, die Übergänge von zu beschichtenden zu nicht zu beschichtenden Teilen der Oberfläche festlegen, sehr genau und vor allem reproduzierbar eingehalten werden. Solche Linien werden im Folgenden als kritische Maskengrenzen bezeichnet. Dabei ist klar dass es auch Übergänge definierende Linien geben kann, die weniger Präzision erfordern. Diese werden im Folgenden als unkritische Maskengrenzen bezeichnet.All of the methods described above have at least two disadvantages: On the one hand, they cannot be automated or, if at all, only with a great deal of technical effort. On the other hand, in many cases they do not allow the precision required in the application. In many applications, the lines that define the transitions between parts of the surface that are to be coated and parts of the surface that are not to be coated must be adhered to very precisely and, above all, reproducibly. Such lines are referred to below as critical mask boundaries. It is clear that there can also be lines defining transitions that require less precision. These are referred to below as uncritical mask limits.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde eine weitgehend automatisierte Maskierungsmethode anzugeben, es erlaubt die kritischen Maskengrenzen in der erforderlichen hohen Genauigkeit zu positionieren.The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a largely automated masking method that allows the critical mask boundaries to be positioned with the required high level of accuracy.

Dieser Aufgabe wird gelöst mit das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1.This object is achieved with the method according to claim 1.

Eine Maske wird zumindest entlang der kritischen Maskengrenzen mittels einer Paste realisiert die von einer Düse abgegeben wird. Der in der vorliegenden Beschreibung verwendete Begriff "Paste" bedeutet ein flüssiges Material, das eine solche Viskositätshöhe aufweisst, dass es auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils in Form einer Dichtraupe mit beliebigem Konturverlauf aufgebracht werden kann, ohne dass es auf der Oberfläche zerfliesst. Erfindungsgemäss ist die Paste aushärtbar.A mask is implemented at least along the critical mask boundaries by means of a paste that is dispensed from a nozzle. The term "paste" used in the present description means a liquid material that has such a viscosity level that it can be applied to the surface of the component in the form of a sealing bead with any contour without flowing on the surface. According to the invention, the paste can be hardened.

Auf die Präzision, mit der eine Dichtraupe mit Ihrer geometrischen Ausprägung (Erzeugung einer Abschattung) zu erzeugen ist hat die Viskosität grossen Einfluss. Aus diesem Grund wird die Paste und/oder das zu maskierende Bauteil unter einer vorgegeben temperierten Umgebung (gekühlten) verarbeitet und aufgetragen.The viscosity has a major influence on the precision with which a sealing bead with its geometric shape (creating a shadowing) is to be created. For this reason, the paste and / or the component to be masked is processed and applied under a predetermined temperature-controlled environment (cooled).

Beispielsweise kann Aushärtung durch Verdampfung von in der Paste enthaltenem Lösungsmittel erfolgen. Die Aushärtung wird jedoch zumindest Teilweise durch Vernetzung realisiert, insbesondere bevorzugt durch photoinduzierte Vernetzung.For example, curing can take place by evaporation of the solvent contained in the paste. However, the curing is at least partially achieved by crosslinking, particularly preferably by photo-induced crosslinking.

Eine UV-härtende Paste könnte zum Einsatz kommen. Dies ist unter anderem insofern von Vorteil, weil die Paste kurz nach deren Aufbringen auf das Bauteil lediglich angehärtet werden muss. Im Rahmen des thermischen Spritzens, und vor allem dann, wenn es sich um ein Plasmaverfahren handelt, wird das Bauteil bedingt durch das Plasmaverfahren intensiver UV Strahlung ausgesetzt, was zu einer weiteren Aushärtung und im Idealfall vollständigen Aushärtung führt. Dadurch, dass die Paste zunächst nur angehärtet werden muss können kostengünstigere UV-Quellen zum Einsatz kommen und/oder die UV-Bestrahlungszeit verkürzt werden.A UV curing paste could be used. This is advantageous, among other things, because the paste only has to be hardened shortly after it has been applied to the component. In the context of thermal spraying, and especially when it is a plasma process, the component is exposed to intense UV radiation due to the plasma process, which leads to further curing and, ideally, complete curing. Because the paste first only has to be hardened, more cost-effective UV sources can be used and / or the UV irradiation time can be shortened.

Die Maskierung wird in zwei Schritten vollzogen. Zu maskierende Flächen werden demgemäss mittels einer der Verfahren maskiert, wie sie bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt sind, wobei allerdings im Bereich der kritischen Maskengrenzen keine Maskierung mit den entsprechend bekannten Mitteln vorgesehen ist. Es handelt sich also um eine Teilmaskierung, wobei die Bereiche um die kritischen Maskengrenzen ausgespart werden. Die Bereiche um die kritischen Maskengrenzen werden dann mittels dem oben erwähnten Verfahren maskiert, d.h. es wird mittels mindestens einer Düse maskierende Paste in diesen Bereichen aufgetragen und so die Maskierung vervollständigt. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft darauf zu achten, dass es bei der Vervollständigung der Maskierung zu einer Überlappung mit der Teilmaskierung kommt, um sicher zu stellen, dass zwischen Teilmaskierung und Vervollständigungsmaskierung keine unmaskierten Bereiche entstehen.The masking is carried out in two steps. Areas to be masked are accordingly masked by means of one of the methods already known from the prior art, although in the area of the critical mask boundaries no masking with the correspondingly known means is provided. So it is a partial masking, with the areas around the critical mask boundaries. The areas around the critical mask boundaries are then masked by means of the above-mentioned method, ie masking paste is applied in these areas by means of at least one nozzle and the masking is thus completed. It is advantageous to ensure that when the masking is completed, there is an overlap with the partial masking in order to ensure that no unmasked areas arise between partial masking and complete masking.

Bei diesem Verfahren ist von besonderem Vorteil, dass die Maskierung relativ grosser Flächen, welche mit dem Pastenverfahren viel Zeit in Anspruch nehmen würden, mittels eines hinsichtlich Position relativ ungenauen Verfahrens schnell aufgebracht werden kann und sich die kritischen Randbereiche der kritischen Maskengrenzen mittels des Pastenverfahrens sehr präzise aufgebracht werden können. Das ungenaue Verfahren lässt sich relativ einfach automatisieren. Ebenso ist die Automatisierung des Pastenverfahrens möglich. Beim Pastenverfahren ist es notwendig, dass der Düsenaustrittsort relativ zu den zu maskierenden maskengrenzennahen Bereichen im Zuge der Pastendispension bewegt wird. Dabei kann entweder Düse oder Bauteil an einen Roboter montiert sein. Vorzugsweise würde man bei kleineren zu maskierenden Bauteilen das Bauteil am Roboterarm montieren, da dann die Verbindung der Düse zum Pastenreservoir, die meistens über Schläuche gewährleistet keiner Bewegung ausgesetzt ist. Bei grösseren Bauteilen, die schwerer zu bewegen sind kann es aber von Vorteil sein, die Düse auf den Roboterarm zu montieren. Allgemeiner ausgedrückt können Mittel zur Positionierung und/oder Orientierung des Bauteils und/oder es können Mittel zur Positionierung und/oder Orientierung der mindestens einen Düse vorgesehen sein.The particular advantage of this method is that the masking of relatively large areas, which would take a lot of time with the paste method, can be applied quickly using a method that is relatively imprecise in terms of position, and the critical edge areas of the critical mask boundaries are very precise using the paste method can be applied. The imprecise procedure can be automated relatively easily. Automation of the paste process is also possible. In the paste process it is necessary that the nozzle exit point is moved relative to the mask border areas to be masked in the course of the paste dispensing. Either a nozzle or a component can be mounted on a robot. In the case of smaller components to be masked, the component would preferably be mounted on the robot arm, since then the connection between the nozzle and the paste reservoir, which is usually guaranteed via hoses, is not subjected to any movement. For larger components that are more difficult to move, it can be advantageous to mount the nozzle on the robot arm. In more general terms, means for positioning and / or orienting the component and / or means for positioning and / or orienting the at least one nozzle can be provided.

Aufgrund der robotergesteuerten Bewegung im Raum, können Freiformbahnen abgefahren werden.Due to the robot-controlled movement in space, free-form paths can be traveled.

Wie oben bereits beschrieben, wird eine kritische Maskengrenze durch einen präzise Dichtraupe beschrieben. Die unkritischen Maskengrenzen können in mindestens zwei Kategorien aufgeteilt werden, nämlich anbringen von z.B. einfachen Hüllen. Allerdings können in einigen Fällen keine Hüllen an Hinterschnitten angebracht werden, oder würden ggf. den Dispensiervorgang einschränken. Aus diesem Grund kommt in einem zweiten Dispenser ein niederviskoseres pastöses Material zum Einsatz. Aufgrund der niedrigen Viskosität fliesst es ineinander und kann so sehr gut Flächig aufgetragen werden. Zuvor werden die präzisen Dichtraupen gelegt.As already described above, a critical mask boundary is described by a precise sealing bead. The uncritical mask boundaries can be divided into at least two categories, namely attaching simple covers, for example. However, in some cases no covers can be attached to undercuts, or they would limit the dispensing process. For this reason, a lower-viscosity pasty material is used in a second dispenser. Due to its low viscosity, it flows into one another and can therefore be applied very well over a large area. The precise sealing beads are laid beforehand.

Wie bereits ausgeführt ist die präzise Maskierung im Bereich der kritischen Maskengrenzen in vielen Anwendungsfällen wesentlich. Die Erfinder haben aber festgestellt, dass manchmal in diesen Bereichen, obwohl die Maskierung sehr präzise aufgebracht wurde, nach der Entfernung der Maskierung keine durch thermisches Spritzen aufgebrachte Schicht mehr vorhanden war. Aus dieser Beobachtung wurde die Idee geboren, zu versuchen, die Maskierung entlang den kritischen Maskengrenzen nicht langsam ansteigend zu realisieren sondern mit hoher Steilheit. Dahinter steckt die Vermutung dass wenn am Übergang vom zu beschichtendem Bereich zum nicht zu beschichtendem Bereich die thermisch gespritzte Schicht als über die kritische Maskengrenze hinausgehende kontinuierliche Schicht realisiert ist, beim Entfernen der Beschichtung Bestandteile der gespritzten Schicht über die Maskengrenze hinaus mitgerissen werden.As already stated, the precise masking in the area of the critical mask boundaries is essential in many applications. However, the inventors have found that sometimes in these areas, although the masking was applied very precisely, there was no longer any layer applied by thermal spraying after the masking was removed. From this observation the idea was born to try to realize the masking along the critical mask limits not slowly increasing but with a high steepness. This is based on the assumption that if at the transition from the area to be coated to the area not to be coated, the thermally sprayed layer is implemented as a continuous layer extending beyond the critical mask boundary, when the coating is removed, components of the sprayed layer are carried away beyond the mask boundary.

Um eine solche kontinuierliche Schicht zu vermeiden wird daher die Paste an das Material des zu maskierenden Bauteils so angepasst, dass sich ein Kontaktwinkel von mindestens 90° ergibt. Die Maskendicke steigt dann an der kritischen Maskengrenze nicht kontinuierlich an sondern bildet eine zumindest senkrechte, wenn nicht gar überhängende Wand. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die thermisch gespritzte Schicht an der kritischen Maskengrenze im Wesentlichen unterbrochen ist. Bei der Entfernung der Maskierung werden daher keine Schichtteile über die kritische Maskengrenze hinaus mitgerissen. Übersteigt der Kontaktwinkel die 90° so kommt es verstärkt zu einem Abschattungseffekt, was zur Trennung der Spritzschichten links und rechts von der kritischen Maskengrenze noch beiträgt. Um diesen Abschattungseffekt noch zu verstärken wird zumindest eine zweite Dichtraupe über die erste Dichtraupe gelegt. Diese zweite Dichtraupe wird so aufgebracht dass ein verstärkter Überhang realisiert wird, was eine Verstärkung des Abschattungseffektes zur Folge hat.In order to avoid such a continuous layer, the paste is adapted to the material of the component to be masked in such a way that a contact angle of at least 90 ° results. The The mask thickness then does not increase continuously at the critical mask boundary, but rather forms an at least vertical, if not overhanging wall. As a result, the thermally sprayed layer is essentially interrupted at the critical mask boundary. When the masking is removed, no parts of the layer are therefore carried away beyond the critical mask boundary. If the contact angle exceeds 90 °, a shadowing effect occurs to a greater extent, which further contributes to the separation of the sprayed layers on the left and right of the critical mask boundary. In order to further intensify this shadowing effect, at least a second sealing bead is placed over the first sealing bead. This second sealing bead is applied in such a way that a reinforced overhang is realized, which results in an intensification of the shadowing effect.

Der Kontaktwinkel wird hierbei ähnlich dem Kontaktwinkel an einer Grenzfläche zwischen einer Flüssigkeit und einem Feststoff definiert, da, wenn die Paste aufgetragen wird, sich ein Kontaktwinkel ausbildet, wobei sich der Kontaktwinkel, unabhängig davon ob die Paste aushärtet oder nicht, sich während des gesamten Prozesses im Wesentlichen nicht ändert. Als Kontaktwinkel wird also im Folgenden der Winkel definiert, der von der Oberfläche des Bauteils, an der Grenzfläche zwischen Bauteil und Dichtraupe, und einer Tangente an der Oberfläche der Dichtraupe bzw. einer Tangente an den Oberflächen der doppelten Dichtraupen eingeschlossen wird.The contact angle is defined here similar to the contact angle at an interface between a liquid and a solid, since when the paste is applied, a contact angle is formed, with the contact angle, regardless of whether the paste hardens or not, changes during the entire process essentially does not change. In the following, the contact angle is defined as the angle that is enclosed by the surface of the component, at the interface between component and sealing bead, and a tangent on the surface of the sealing bead or a tangent on the surfaces of the double sealing bead.

Figur 1 illustriert die entsprechende Situation, bei der auf einem Bauteil 1 zwei übereinanderliegende Dichtraupen 3 aufgebracht sind und zwar derart, dass der Kontaktwinkel α > 90 ° ist (am linken Rand der Figur sichtbar). Ein Kontaktwinkel α<90° wäre nicht optimal, da es hier zu Problemen der Schichtablösung der Schicht 5 kommen kann (am rechten Rand der Figur sichtbar). Figure 1 illustrates the corresponding situation in which two sealing beads 3 lying one above the other are applied to a component 1 in such a way that the contact angle α> 90 ° (visible on the left edge of the figure). A contact angle α <90 ° would not be optimal, since this can lead to problems of delamination of the layer 5 (visible at the right edge of the figure).

Claims (1)

  1. Method for coating components (1) by means of thermal spraying, wherein not the entire surface of the component is to be coated and those parts of the surface which are not to be coated are covered by means of masking (5) prior to coating, and the covering is effected at least in the regions of critical mask boundaries by means of a paste method, i.e. by means of a paste discharged from at least one nozzle, wherein the paste is a curable paste and the curing is effected photonductively and preferably by means of UV radiation, characterised in that in the paste process, a first sealing bead (3) is applied to the component (1) in the region of at least one critical mask boundary and a second sealing bead (3) is applied at least partially to this first sealing bead so that a double sealing bead (3) is formed, the double sealing bead having a contact angle (α), measured on the side of the double sealing bead oriented in the direction of the critical mask boundary and enclosed between the surface of the component and a tangent to the surfaces of the double sealing beads of at least 90° is applied to the component and the second sealing bead forms a reinforced overhang.
EP16793898.4A 2015-11-12 2016-11-09 Method of masking a component which can be coated with a thermal sprayed layer Active EP3374534B1 (en)

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EP15194293 2015-11-12
PCT/EP2016/077167 WO2017081098A1 (en) 2015-11-12 2016-11-09 Method for masking a component that is intended to be coated with a thermal spray layer

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DE202021105511U1 (en) 2021-10-12 2023-01-17 Weidplas Gmbh Device for masking a component and device for coating a component

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EP3374534A1 (en) 2018-09-19
JP6876041B2 (en) 2021-05-26
RU2729687C2 (en) 2020-08-11
US20190144984A1 (en) 2019-05-16
JP2018537583A (en) 2018-12-20
RU2018119475A3 (en) 2020-03-25
JP2021046615A (en) 2021-03-25
CN108603274A (en) 2018-09-28
WO2017081098A1 (en) 2017-05-18
CA3004380A1 (en) 2017-05-18
US20200283880A1 (en) 2020-09-10

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