EP3278349B1 - Switchgear cabinet arrangement with improved cut-off in the event of an overload - Google Patents

Switchgear cabinet arrangement with improved cut-off in the event of an overload Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3278349B1
EP3278349B1 EP16711623.5A EP16711623A EP3278349B1 EP 3278349 B1 EP3278349 B1 EP 3278349B1 EP 16711623 A EP16711623 A EP 16711623A EP 3278349 B1 EP3278349 B1 EP 3278349B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
path
circuit breaker
threshold
output
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16711623.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3278349A2 (en
Inventor
Georg Reuberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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Publication of EP3278349A2 publication Critical patent/EP3278349A2/en
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Publication of EP3278349B1 publication Critical patent/EP3278349B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1009—Interconnected mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/0264—Mountings or coverplates for complete assembled circuit breakers, e.g. snap mounting in panel
    • H01H71/0271—Mounting several complete assembled circuit breakers together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H9/563—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for multipolar switches, e.g. different timing for different phases, selecting phase with first zero-crossing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/018—Application transfer; between utility and emergency power supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch cabinet arrangement which comprises a switch cabinet, an input for connecting the switch cabinet to an energy supply network, at least one output which is used to supply a device connected to it with electrical energy, and several electrical conductors and several circuit breakers arranged along them which the input can be electrically connected to the at least one output via a first path.
  • the switch cabinet arrangement comprises at least one sensor which is arranged on one of the electrical conductors and which is set up to acquire a measured value for a current flowing through the conductor and / or a measured value for a temperature of the conductor.
  • the switch cabinet comprises a controller which is set up to connect the at least one output within the switch cabinet to the input by actuating the circuit breaker via a second path that deviates from the first path when the detected current is above a first threshold value and / or the detected temperature is above a second threshold value.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a switch cabinet arrangement of the type mentioned.
  • a switch cabinet arrangement of the type mentioned above is also known DE 10 2006 011 127 A1
  • a switch cabinet arrangement with at least one switch cabinet and one switch cabinet monitoring device which is designed to monitor switch cabinet-specific state variables including temperature, humidity, access, vibration, smoke, current and / or voltage.
  • the switch cabinet monitoring device has a central monitoring and control component which is arranged in the switch cabinet and which is connected to corresponding sensors and controllable actuators and / or signaling units.
  • the central monitoring and control component is included designed as a base station with a wireless transmit / receive interface, and the sensors are equipped with a wireless transmit and / or receive interface for wireless data transmission between the sensors and the base station.
  • control cabinet-specific state variables The remote transmission of control cabinet-specific state variables is basically known.
  • the disadvantage of this is that although the state variables are reported to the monitoring and control component, they are not used for a specific operating method, but rather it is left to an operator to draw the correct conclusions from the measured values obtained.
  • the DE 10 2006 011 127 A1 does not focus on the treatment of overloads and / or unbalanced loads or asymmetrical loads.
  • US 2010/0140061 A1 in this context also an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 with automatic transfer switches which has the function of an uninterruptible power supply. Consumers are switched from a primary power source to a secondary power source when the voltage of the primary power source collapses.
  • overloading of the built-in components should be avoided, which is specifically caused by an unbalanced load / asymmetrical load.
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a switch cabinet arrangement according to claim 1 and with a method for operating this switch cabinet arrangement according to claim 6.
  • the proposed measures prevent the circuit breaker and the system in the switch cabinet from being overloaded, and normal operation can be maintained for a long time near an overload.
  • the circuit breakers are essentially only used for emergency shutdown in the event of an exceptional event, for example a short circuit at the output of the control cabinet or shutdown due to an overload that can no longer be handled by switching paths. Furthermore, it is ensured that the circuit breaker in the current-carrying path does not switch off near the overload or in the event of a low overload without the controller initiating a switchover of the paths. This would mean that the device connected to the output is no longer supplied with electrical energy, although this would have been possible via an alternative path.
  • the controller sends a signal to open a first circuit breaker in the first path and a Signal to close a second circuit breaker located in the second path.
  • the output is then connected via the second path in which the second circuit breaker is located. In a completely analogous way, the output can be connected to the input again via the first path or via another path.
  • An overload in a path can not only be caused by the tripping characteristics and the rated current of a circuit breaker located in this path, but can also be caused by a (screw) connection in this path being too loose or loosening over time. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the at least one output within the control cabinet is connected to the input by actuating the circuit breaker via a second path deviating from the first path if the temperature rises excessively with essentially the same current.
  • An "excessive" increase is characterized in particular by the fact that it exceeds the heating caused by the line resistances of the electrical conductors and the contact resistances between two conductors by at least 10% when these are properly connected.
  • one phase can be switched over, two phases can be switched over or three phases can be switched over to switch from the first path to the second path.
  • the sensor By arranging the sensor in the housing of the circuit breaker or on its connections, which is designed to detect a current flowing through the switching contact and / or to detect a temperature of the circuit breaker, the current flowing through a switching contact of the circuit breaker, in particular, a temperature directly of the circuit breaker and transmitted to the control of the switch cabinet arrangement. The path switching can then take place particularly close to an overload.
  • Switching the path with circuit breakers only is advantageous, but not essential for the invention.
  • the switchover between the first path and the second path can also take place in other ways, for example by including switches without a protective function or specially designed switchover switches.
  • the at least one sensor is arranged in the first path.
  • the path switching can therefore be carried out close to the limit of the overload in the first path.
  • the at least one sensor is arranged in the area of a first circuit breaker which is also in the first path.
  • the shortest distance between the at least one sensor and the first circuit breaker is a maximum of 100 mm. This also favors a path switching close to the overload. In particular, the circuit breaker threatened by overload is directly relieved by the path switching.
  • the shortest distance between the at least one sensor and a screw connection in the first path is a maximum of 100 mm. In this way, it can be determined whether a screw connection of current conductors in the first path is still tightened sufficiently. If this is not the case, a switchover from the path that is overloaded due to the loose screw connection to an alternative path can take place.
  • the current carrying capacity for the first and second path is the same.
  • this can be achieved in that a rated current of a first circuit breaker located in the first path is the same as a rated current of a second circuit breaker located in the second path. In this way, the device connected to the output of the control cabinet is not or hardly affected by the switchover of the path.
  • the path switching can be implemented using simple measures. For example, when switching a single-phase device operated on phase L1 and the neutral conductor N of a three-phase network to phase L2, a phase shift of 120 ° results.
  • the relative phase position of the voltages present between terminals of the output is the same for the first path and the second path.
  • a three-phase device can be switched from phases L1, L2, L3 to phases L2, L3, L1, which in absolute terms results in a phase shift of again 120 °, but the relative phase shift between the outputs remains the same because the phase shifts between L1 and L2, L2 and L3 and L3 and L1 each be 120 °.
  • This measure is particularly advantageous when the device connected to the output is a three-phase motor or the connected device includes such motors, since then there is no undesired reversal of the direction of rotation of the motor.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement 1a, which comprises an input E for connecting the switch cabinet 1 to an energy supply network, an output A, which is used to supply a device connected to it with electrical energy, and several electrical conductors 2 and several in their Circuit breakers 3a, 3b arranged in the course, with which the input E can be electrically connected to the at least one output A via a first path.
  • the electrical conductors 2 are assigned to the three phases L1, L2 and L3 as well as the neutral conductor N of a three-phase network.
  • the switch cabinet arrangement 1a comprises two sensors 4a, 4b arranged on the electrical conductors 2, which are set up for the acquisition of a measured value for a current flowing through the conductor 2 and / or a measured value for a temperature of the conductor 2.
  • the switch cabinet arrangement 1a also comprises a controller 5, which is set up to connect the at least one output A within the switch cabinet 1 to the input E by actuating the circuit breakers 3a, 3b via a second path that deviates from the first path, when the detected current is above a first threshold value and / or the detected temperature is above a second threshold value.
  • the function of the Fig. 1 The switch cabinet arrangement 1a shown is as follows: First of all, a state is assumed in which the first circuit breaker 3a is closed and the second circuit breaker 3b is open. The output A is consequently connected to the input E via a first path in which the first circuit breaker 3a is located. For example, a voltage of 400 V is applied between phases L1, L2 and L3, and a voltage of 230 V between a phase L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N. Accordingly, an electrical device can be operated at output A for a voltage of 230 V and single-phase operation.
  • the temperature of the conductor 2 and / or the current flowing through the conductor 2 and the first circuit breaker 3a is determined with the first sensor 4a and transmitted to the controller 5 with the aid of the data lines shown in dotted lines. If the current measured with the first sensor 4a exceeds the first threshold value and / or the temperature measured with the first sensor 4a exceeds the second threshold value, the controller 5 sends an opening signal to the first circuit breaker 3a and a signal for (synchronous) closing to the second circuit breaker 3b. The output is then connected via the second path in which the second circuit breaker 3b is located.
  • “Synchronous” opening / closing can be understood to mean, in particular, simultaneous or slightly delayed switching. In particular, this also includes switching in successive zero crossings of different phases L1, L2, L3. If possible, the consumer should not be influenced or only slightly influenced by the switchover.
  • the temperature of the conductor 2 and / or the current flowing through the conductor 2 and the second circuit breaker 3b is determined with the second sensor 4b and transmitted to the controller 5 using the data lines shown in dotted lines. If the current measured with the second sensor 4a exceeds the first threshold value and / or the temperature measured with the first sensor 4a exceeds the second threshold value, the controller 5 sends an opening signal to the second circuit breaker 3b and a closing signal to the first Circuit breaker 3a. The output is consequently connected again via the first path in which the first circuit breaker 3a is located.
  • the proposed measures prevent the circuit breakers 3a and 3b from being overloaded, and normal operation can be maintained for a long time near the overload.
  • the circuit breakers 3a and 3b are essentially only used for emergency shutdown when an exceptional event occurs.
  • the circuit breakers 3a, 3b each have an overcurrent release, which is set up to separate the switching contacts of the circuit breakers 3a, 3b from one another as soon as a current through the switching contacts is above a third threshold value, the first threshold value below the third The threshold value.
  • the circuit breaker 3a, 3b located in the current-carrying path does not switch off near the overload or in the event of a low overload without the controller 5 initiating a switchover of the paths. This would mean that the device connected to output A is no longer supplied with electrical energy, although this would have been possible via an alternative path.
  • the circuit breakers 3a, 3b each have a temperature trigger to achieve the specified goal, which are set up to separate switching contacts of the circuit breakers 3a, 3b from one another as soon as a temperature of the temperature trigger is above a fourth threshold value, the second threshold value below of the fourth threshold. In this way it is also ensured that the circuit breaker 3a, 3b located in the current-carrying path does not switch off due to an overload without the control initiating a switchover of the paths.
  • the voltage at output A is the same for the first and second path (namely 230V in the specific example).
  • the (absolute) phase position of the voltage present at output A is different for the first path and the second path (in the specific example this is changed by 120 °).
  • the Ampacity for the first and second path is the same.
  • a nominal current of the lying in the first path first circuit breaker 3a be the same size as a rated current of the second circuit breaker 3b located in the second path.
  • the first sensor 4a located in the first path As for the first circuit breaker 3a located in the first path, it is advantageous if the first sensor 4a is in the area of the first circuit breaker 3a, that is, is arranged close to it.
  • the first sensor 4a is preferably not further away from the first circuit breaker 3a than 100 mm, reference being made to the shortest distance between the sensor 4a and the first circuit breaker 3a (see also FIG Characters. 5 to 7 ). Similar considerations naturally also apply to the second circuit breaker 3b and the second sensor 4b.
  • the shortest distance between the sensor 4a and a screw connection in the first path is a maximum of 100 mm. In this way it can be determined with the sensor 4a whether the screw connection mentioned is still tightened sufficiently in the first path. If this is not the case, the path, which is overloaded due to the loose screw connection, can be switched to an alternative path (see also the Figures 6 and 7 ).
  • Fig. 2 now shows a second, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement 1b, which is the one in FIG Fig. 1 shown switch cabinet arrangement 1a is very similar.
  • output A can now be connected to all three phases L1, L2 and L3, and not just to phases L1 and L2.
  • One of the three circuit breakers 3a..3c is closed, the others remain open. A total of three different paths are therefore available, and path switching is therefore even more flexible.
  • the controller 5 can switch over to the path with the lowest load.
  • Fig. 3 shows another schematically illustrated example of a switchgear cabinet arrangement 1c, which is similar to the aforementioned switchgear cabinet arrangements 1a and 1b.
  • Now output A is switched on to two phases, which means that a voltage of (preferably) 400V is applied to it.
  • a first path runs through the first switch 3a and the third switch 3c, and a second path runs through the second switch 3b and the fourth switch 3d.
  • the controller 5 closes switches 3a, 3c and opens switches 3b, 3d. If you choose the second path, it's the other way around.
  • switches 3a..3d have to be circuit breakers.
  • the first switch 3a and the fourth switch 3d are designed as simple switches without a protective function with regard to overcurrent and / or overtemperature. Only the second switch 3b and the third switch 3c have such a function in this example. However, this is sufficient because in this way there is a circuit breaker 3b, 3c in each case in the first path and in the second path, which switches the circuit off in an emergency.
  • the voltage present at output A is equally high for the first and second path (in the specific example, namely 400V).
  • the absolute phase position of the voltage present at output A for the first path and the second path is again different (in the specific example it is again rotated by 120 °), but the relative phase position is the same, since both phases L1 and L2 and between phases L2 and L3 have a phase angle of 120 °.
  • the current carrying capacity for the first and second path can preferably also be the same, that is to say in particular a rated current of the second circuit breaker 3a located in the first path can be the same as a rated current of the third circuit breaker 3c located in the second path.
  • Fig. 4 shows another schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement 1d, which is similar to the switch cabinet arrangements 1a..1c presented so far.
  • Output A is now suitable for three-phase connected devices.
  • the output can be connected to phases L1, L2, L3 (first path) or L2, L3, L1 (second path).
  • switches 3a, 3c, 3d or switches 3b, 3d, 3f are closed.
  • This measure is particularly useful if the load connected to output A is asymmetrical and the phases L1, L2, L3 are unevenly loaded. If, for example, when output A is switched via the first path, an excessively high current flows through phase L1, the switchover to the second path shifts this load to phase L2. Phase L1 can then cool down and allow the path to be switched back.
  • the switchgear cabinet arrangement 1d shown is that the controller 5 is not connected to the switches 3a..3f and the sensors 4a..4c via data lines, but communication with them takes place wirelessly.
  • a mixed operation would, of course, also be conceivable, in which some of the switches 3a..3f / sensors 4a..4c are connected wirelessly to the controller 5 and the remainder are connected by wire.
  • the sensors 4a..4c are not each assigned to a switch 3a..3f, but rather two switches 3a..3f.
  • the controller 5 After the controller 5 has knowledge of the path that has just been switched, it can also assign the measured values received from the sensors 4a..4c (in particular for the current) to the respective switches 3a..3f.
  • all switches 3a..3f are designed as circuit breakers. For the interruption of the circuit in the event of an overload it would also be sufficient if four switches 3a..3f are designed as circuit breakers, for example switches 3a..3d.
  • the voltage present at output A is the same for the first and second path (in the specific example, namely 400V each).
  • the absolute phase position of the voltage present at output A for the first path and the second path is again different (in the specific example this is again rotated by 120 °), but the relative phase position between the individual ones is Connections of output A are the same.
  • the current carrying capacity for the first and second path can preferably also be the same, i.e. in particular a rated current of the circuit breakers 3a, 3c, 3e in the first path can be the same as a rated current of the circuit breakers 3b, 3d, 3f in the second path.
  • Fig. 5 now shows an exemplary switch cabinet arrangement 1e in a front view.
  • Three circuit breakers 3a..3c are built into a frame 6 and connected to the input E via the current conductors 2, which form horizontally and vertically running busbars ("bus bars").
  • bus bars horizontally and vertically running busbars
  • three sensors 4a..4c are assigned to circuit breaker 3a by way of example and are attached to phases L1..L3. For example, these can be screwed onto the conductor 2 or fastened, for example, with a clamp. It is also advantageous if the sensors 4a..4c draw the energy necessary for their operation directly from the current conductors 2, for example in a manner known per se by inductive energy transmission.
  • the sensors 4a..4c are preferably arranged in the area of the circuit breaker 3a and not more than 100 mm away from it. In the Fig. 5 the distance s is shown for this. That is to say, preferably s 100 100 mm applies.
  • sensors 4a..4c can also be assigned to the other circuit breakers 3b and 3c, and sensors 4a..4c can of course also be arranged elsewhere in the switchgear cabinet and connected to a controller 5.
  • controller 5 it should generally be mentioned that it can be arranged inside a switch cabinet or also outside it.
  • a control cabinet includes the circuit breakers 3b and 3c and the sensors 4a..4c, and the The control cabinet arrangement comprises the control cabinet and the control 5. If the control 5 is integrated in the control cabinet, the control cabinet and control cabinet arrangement are identical.
  • controller 5 can in particular also be part of a larger monitoring or control system.
  • it can be designed as part of software that runs on a computer. It is also conceivable that it is designed as an essentially self-sufficient control which reports switching states and the like to a higher-level system.
  • it can also include a microprocessor or microcontroller. Communication with a higher-level system can be wired or by radio (in particular via a cellular network).
  • FIGS 6 and 7 finally show a section from a further exemplary switchgear cabinet 1f from different angles.
  • a sensor 4a, 4b can also be arranged on the horizontally running current conductors 2.
  • the shortest distances to exemplary sensors are entered, specifically the distance s 1 to the sensor 4a, the distance s 2 to the sensor 4b and the distance s 3 to the sensor 4c.
  • the minimum distances s 1 and s 2 run in the general direction, the minimum distance s 3 in the horizontal direction.
  • Figures 6 and 7 in particular also serve to show how the shortest distance s 1 .. s 3 is to be measured and that the shortest distance s 1 .. s 3 can be in a general position. From the Fig. 6 it can also be seen in particular that the sensor 4b is closer to the screw connection 7 than the circuit breaker 3a. The sensor 4b is preferably not further away from the screw connection 7 than 100 mm. This means that preferably s 4 100 mm applies, and the distance s 2 can also exceed 100 mm.
  • control cabinet structures are usually much more complex and a large number of devices are connected to several outputs A. Very often, according to the state of the art, these are each assigned to a fixed phase, and when one occurs Overloading switches off the assigned circuit breaker 3a, 3b. With the help of the proposed controller 5, however, it is possible to recognize unbalanced loads and to react preventively. For this purpose, redundancies in the control cabinet arrangement 1a..1f are used to avoid partial overloads, which in the long term can cause an emergency shutdown by the circuit breakers 3a..3c, by diverting the power supply in the control cabinet arrangement 1a.
  • an alarm can be triggered or a warning message issued or sent.
  • This alarm or this warning message can in particular serve to take further measures to avert a shutdown by the circuit breakers 3a..3c.
  • the consumption of the loads connected to the switch cabinet can be reduced by a higher-level control system or by the intervention of operating personnel. In particular, consumers of little importance can be switched off for this purpose.
  • phase L1, L2 and L3 each have a current carrying capacity of 5kA and that circuit breakers 3a..3c with a rated current of 5kA each are arranged in the three phases L1, L2 and L3.
  • circuit breakers 3a..3c with a rated current of 5kA each are arranged in the three phases L1, L2 and L3.
  • the current is distributed unevenly between the phases, so that phase L1 is loaded with just under 5kA, phase L2 with around 4kA and phase L3 with around 3kA.
  • An emergency shutdown by the circuit breaker 3a is therefore to be expected in the long term at phase 5kA. This would result in an undesirable standstill of the connected devices.
  • part of the load on phase L1 can be transferred to another phase, for example to phase L3.
  • the outputs A can be switched so that there is a symmetrical load of the phases L1..L3 of 4kA each. Even if this is not possible and an unbalanced load is unavoidable, an emergency shutdown by a circuit breaker 3a..3c by switching the paths, as in the Fig. 4 is explained, usually avoided or at least delayed.
  • the sensors 4a..4c do not necessarily have to be arranged outside the circuit breakers 3a..3f, but can also be encompassed by this.
  • a circuit breaker 3a..3f then has, in addition to the current release, which is often designed as an electrodynamic release, and the temperature release, which is often designed as a bimetal release, a sensor 4a..4c for detecting the current through the circuit breaker 3a .. 3f and / or the temperature of the circuit breaker 3a..3f.
  • This in turn can communicate with a controller 5 by wire or by radio.
  • switchgear cabinet 1 or its components are not necessarily shown to scale and they can therefore also have other proportions.
  • control cabinet 1 can also include more or fewer components than shown. Position details (e.g. “above”, “below”, “left”, “right”, etc.) refer to the figure described in each case and must be adapted accordingly to the new position if the position changes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Distribution Board (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Description

TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltschrankanordnung, welche einen Schaltschrank umfasst, einen Eingang zum Anschluss des Schaltschranks an ein Energieversorgungsnetz, zumindest einen Ausgang, welcher der Versorgung eines daran angeschlossenen Geräts mit elektrischer Energie dient, sowie mehrere elektrische Leiter und mehrere in deren Verlauf angeordnete Schutzschalter, mit denen der Eingang mit dem zumindest einen Ausgang über einen ersten Pfad elektrisch verbindbar ist. Zudem umfasst die Schaltschrankanordnung zumindest einen auf einem der elektrischen Leiter angeordneten Sensor, welcher für die Erfassung eines Messwerts für einen durch den Leiter fließenden Strom und/oder eines Messwerts für eine Temperatur des Leiters eingerichtet ist. Weiterhin umfasst der Schaltschrank eine Steuerung, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, den zumindest einen Ausgang innerhalb des Schaltschranks durch Betätigung der Schutzschalter über einen zweiten, vom ersten Pfad abweichenden, Pfad mit dem Eingang zu verbinden, wenn der erfasste Strom über einem ersten Schwellwert liegt und/oder die erfasste Temperatur über einem zweiten Schwellwert liegt. Zudem betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schaltschrankanordnung der genannten Art.The invention relates to a switch cabinet arrangement which comprises a switch cabinet, an input for connecting the switch cabinet to an energy supply network, at least one output which is used to supply a device connected to it with electrical energy, and several electrical conductors and several circuit breakers arranged along them which the input can be electrically connected to the at least one output via a first path. In addition, the switch cabinet arrangement comprises at least one sensor which is arranged on one of the electrical conductors and which is set up to acquire a measured value for a current flowing through the conductor and / or a measured value for a temperature of the conductor. Furthermore, the switch cabinet comprises a controller which is set up to connect the at least one output within the switch cabinet to the input by actuating the circuit breaker via a second path that deviates from the first path when the detected current is above a first threshold value and / or the detected temperature is above a second threshold value. The invention also relates to a method for operating a switch cabinet arrangement of the type mentioned.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Ein solcher Schutzschalter ist grundsätzlich bekannt. Bekannt ist auch eine Schaltschrankanordnung der oben genannten Art. Beispielsweise offenbart die DE 10 2006 011 127 A1 in diesem Zusammenhang eine Schaltschrankanordnung mit zumindest einem Schaltschrank und einer Schaltschranküberwachungseinrichtung, die zur Überwachung schaltschrankspezifischer Zustandsgrößen einschließlich Temperatur, Feuchte, Zugang, Vibration, Rauch, Strom und/oder Spannung ausgebildet ist. Die Schaltschranküberwachungseinrichtung weist eine im Schaltschrank angeordnete zentrale Überwachungs- und Steuerungskomponente auf, welche mit entsprechenden Sensoren und ansteuerbaren Aktoren und/oder Meldeeinheiten in Verbindung ist. Die zentrale Überwachungs- und Steuerungskomponente ist dabei als Basisstation mit einer drahtlosen Sende-/Empfangsschnittstelle ausgebildet, und die Sensoren sind mit einer drahtlosen Sende- und/oder Empfangsschnittstelle zur drahtlosen Datenübertragung zwischen den Sensoren und der Basisstation ausgestattet.Such a circuit breaker is known in principle. A switch cabinet arrangement of the type mentioned above is also known DE 10 2006 011 127 A1 In this context, a switch cabinet arrangement with at least one switch cabinet and one switch cabinet monitoring device, which is designed to monitor switch cabinet-specific state variables including temperature, humidity, access, vibration, smoke, current and / or voltage. The switch cabinet monitoring device has a central monitoring and control component which is arranged in the switch cabinet and which is connected to corresponding sensors and controllable actuators and / or signaling units. The central monitoring and control component is included designed as a base station with a wireless transmit / receive interface, and the sensors are equipped with a wireless transmit and / or receive interface for wireless data transmission between the sensors and the base station.

Die Fernübertragung schaltschrankspezifischer Zustandsgrößen ist also grundsätzlich bekannt. Nachteilig ist daran jedoch, dass die Zustandsgrößen zwar an die Überwachungs- und Steuerungskomponente gemeldet werden, diese jedoch nicht für eine konkretes Betriebsverfahren verwendet werden, sondern es einer Bedienperson überlassen ist, die richtigen Schlüsse aus den erhaltenen Messwerten zu ziehen. Insbesondere geht die DE 10 2006 011 127 A1 nicht auf die Behandlung von Überlasten und/oder Schieflasten beziehungsweise von unsymmetrischen Lasten aus.The remote transmission of control cabinet-specific state variables is basically known. The disadvantage of this, however, is that although the state variables are reported to the monitoring and control component, they are not used for a specific operating method, but rather it is left to an operator to draw the correct conclusions from the measured values obtained. In particular, the DE 10 2006 011 127 A1 does not focus on the treatment of overloads and / or unbalanced loads or asymmetrical loads.

Weiterhin offenbart die US 2010/0140061 A1 in diesem Zusammenhang auch eine Anordnung, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, mit automatischen Transferschaltern, welche die Funktion einer unterbrechungsfreien Stromversorgung hat. Dabei werden Verbraucher von einer Primärstromquelle auf eine Sekundärstromquelle umgeschaltet, wenn die Spannung der Primärstromquelle zusammenbricht.Furthermore, the US 2010/0140061 A1 in this context also an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1 with automatic transfer switches which has the function of an uninterruptible power supply. Consumers are switched from a primary power source to a secondary power source when the voltage of the primary power source collapses.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine verbesserte Schaltschrankanordnung und ein verbessertes Betriebsverfahren für einen Schaltschrank anzugeben. Insbesondere soll eine Überlastung der verbauten Komponenten vermieden werden, die im Speziellen aufgrund einer Schieflast / unsymmetrischen Last verursacht ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to specify an improved switch cabinet arrangement and an improved operating method for a switch cabinet. In particular, overloading of the built-in components should be avoided, which is specifically caused by an unbalanced load / asymmetrical load.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird mit einer Schaltschrankanordnung nach Anspruch 1 und mit einem Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Schaltschrankanordnung nach Anspruch 6 gelöst.The object of the invention is achieved with a switch cabinet arrangement according to claim 1 and with a method for operating this switch cabinet arrangement according to claim 6.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen wird eine Überlastung der Schutzschalter und der Anlage im Schaltschrank vermieden, und ein Normalbetrieb kann auch nahe einer Überlast lange aufrechterhalten werden. Die Schutzschalter dienen im Wesentlichen nur der Notabschaltung bei Auftreten eines außergewöhnlichen Ereignisses, beispielsweise eines Kurzschlusses am Ausgang des Schaltschranks oder der Abschaltung aufgrund einer Überlast, die durch Pfadumschaltung nicht mehr gehandhabt werden kann. Weiterhin wird sichergestellt, dass der im stromführenden Pfad liegende Schutzschalter nicht nahe der Überlast oder bei geringer Überlast ausschaltet ohne dass die Steuerung eine Umschaltung der Pfade initiiert. Dies hätte zur Folge, dass das am Ausgang angeschlossene Gerät nicht mehr mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird, obwohl dies über einen Alternativpfad möglich gewesen wäre.The proposed measures prevent the circuit breaker and the system in the switch cabinet from being overloaded, and normal operation can be maintained for a long time near an overload. The circuit breakers are essentially only used for emergency shutdown in the event of an exceptional event, for example a short circuit at the output of the control cabinet or shutdown due to an overload that can no longer be handled by switching paths. Furthermore, it is ensured that the circuit breaker in the current-carrying path does not switch off near the overload or in the event of a low overload without the controller initiating a switchover of the paths. This would mean that the device connected to the output is no longer supplied with electrical energy, although this would have been possible via an alternative path.

Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass mit dem ersten Sensor die Temperatur eines Leiters und/oder der durch den Leiter fließende Strom ermittelt und an die Steuerung übermittelt wird. Auf diese Weise können sehr gut Überlasten oder Schieflasten im System erkannt werden. Überschreitet der mit dem ersten Sensor gemessene Strom den ersten Schwellwert und/oder überschreitet die mit dem ersten Sensor gemessene Temperatur den zweiten Schwellwert, dann sendet die Steuerung ein Signal zum Öffnen an einen im ersten Pfad liegenden ersten Schutzschalter und ein Signal zum Schließen an einen im zweiten Pfad liegende zweiten Schutzschalter. Der Ausgang wird demzufolge dann über den zweiten Pfad verbunden, in dem der zweite Schutzschalter liegt. In ganz analoger Weise kann der Ausgang in Folge wieder über den ersten Pfad oder auch über einen anderen Pfad mit dem Eingang verbunden werden.This is achieved in that the temperature of a conductor and / or the current flowing through the conductor is determined with the first sensor and transmitted to the controller. In this way, overloads or unbalanced loads in the system can be identified very well. If the current measured with the first sensor exceeds the first threshold value and / or the temperature measured with the first sensor exceeds the second threshold value, the controller sends a signal to open a first circuit breaker in the first path and a Signal to close a second circuit breaker located in the second path. The output is then connected via the second path in which the second circuit breaker is located. In a completely analogous way, the output can be connected to the input again via the first path or via another path.

Eine Überlast in einem Pfad kann nicht nur durch die Auslösecharakteristik und den Nennstrom eines in diesem Pfad befindlichen Schutzschalters bedingt sein, sondern kann auch dadurch verursacht sein, dass eine (Schraub)verbindung in diesem Pfad zu locker sitzt oder sich im Lauf der Zeit lockert. Daher ist es im Speziellen auch von Vorteil, wenn der zumindest eine Ausgang innerhalb des Schaltschranks durch Betätigung der Schutzschalter über einen zweiten, vom ersten Pfad abweichenden, Pfad mit dem Eingang verbunden wird, wenn die Temperatur bei im Wesentlichen gleichem Strom übermäßig ansteigt. Ein "übermäßiger" Anstieg ist insbesondere dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie die durch die Leitungswiderstände der elektrischen Leiter und die Übergangswiderstände zwischen zwei Leitern begründete Erwärmung bei ordnungsgemäßer Verbindung derselben um wenigstens 10% übersteigt. Beispielsweise können wiederkehrende zeitliche Verläufe des Stromverbrauchs und der Temperatur (etwa 24h-Zyklen) beziehungsweise auch einzelne Punkte daraus für die oben genannten Auswertung herangezogen werden. Sind die zeitlichen Verläufe des Stromverbrauchs Tag für Tag im Wesentlichen die gleichen, steigt die Temperatur aber langsam und kontinuierlich an, kann mit hoher Sicherheit von einer sich lösenden Verbindung ausgegangen werden.An overload in a path can not only be caused by the tripping characteristics and the rated current of a circuit breaker located in this path, but can also be caused by a (screw) connection in this path being too loose or loosening over time. It is therefore particularly advantageous if the at least one output within the control cabinet is connected to the input by actuating the circuit breaker via a second path deviating from the first path if the temperature rises excessively with essentially the same current. An "excessive" increase is characterized in particular by the fact that it exceeds the heating caused by the line resistances of the electrical conductors and the contact resistances between two conductors by at least 10% when these are properly connected. For example, recurring chronological progressions of the power consumption and the temperature (around 24h cycles) or also individual points from them can be used for the above-mentioned evaluation. If the time course of the electricity consumption is essentially the same day after day, but the temperature rises slowly and continuously, it can be assumed with a high degree of certainty that the connection is loosening.

Je nach Art des am Ausgang angeschlossenen Geräts können für den Wechsel vom ersten Pfad auf den zweiten Pfad eine Phase umgeschaltet werden, zwei Phasen umgeschaltet werden oder drei Phasen umgeschaltet werden.Depending on the type of device connected to the output, one phase can be switched over, two phases can be switched over or three phases can be switched over to switch from the first path to the second path.

Durch eine Anordnung des Sensors im Gehäuse des Schutzschalters oder an dessen Anschlüssen, welcher zur Erfassung eines über den Schaltkontakt fließenden Stroms und/oder zur Erfassung einer Temperatur des Schutzschalters ausgebildet ist, kann insbesondere direkt der über einen Schaltkontakt des Schutzschalters fließende Strom respektive direkt eine Temperatur des Schutzschalters ermittelt und an die Steuerung der Schaltschrankanordnung übermittelt werden. Die Pfadumschaltung kann dann besonders nahe an einer Überlast erfolgen.By arranging the sensor in the housing of the circuit breaker or on its connections, which is designed to detect a current flowing through the switching contact and / or to detect a temperature of the circuit breaker, the current flowing through a switching contact of the circuit breaker, in particular, a temperature directly of the circuit breaker and transmitted to the control of the switch cabinet arrangement. The path switching can then take place particularly close to an overload.

Die Umschaltung des Pfads mit ausschließlich Schutzschaltern ist zwar vorteilhaft, aber nicht zwingend für die Erfindung. Die Umschaltung zwischen dem ersten Pfad und dem zweiten Pfad kann auch auf andere Weise erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Einbeziehung von Schaltern ohne Schutzfunktion oder von speziell ausgebildeten Umschaltern.Switching the path with circuit breakers only is advantageous, but not essential for the invention. The switchover between the first path and the second path can also take place in other ways, for example by including switches without a protective function or specially designed switchover switches.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus der Beschreibung in Zusammenschau mit den Figuren.Further advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and from the description in conjunction with the figures.

Günstig ist es, wenn der zumindest eine Sensor im ersten Pfad angeordnet ist. Die Pfadumschaltung kann daher nahe an der Grenze zur Überlast im ersten Pfad durchgeführt werden.It is favorable if the at least one sensor is arranged in the first path. The path switching can therefore be carried out close to the limit of the overload in the first path.

Vorteilhaft ist es weiterhin, wenn der zumindest eine Sensor im Bereich eines ersten Schutzschalters angeordnet ist, welcher ebenfalls im ersten Pfad liegt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn der kürzeste Abstand zwischen dem zumindest einen Sensor und dem ersten Schutzschalter maximal 100 mm beträgt. Dies begünstigt ebenfalls eine Pfadumschaltung nahe an der Überlast. Insbesondere wird der von Überlast bedrohte Schutzschalter durch die Pfadumschaltung direkt entlastet. In gleicher Weise ist es von Vorteil, wenn alternativ oder zusätzlich der kürzeste Abstand zwischen dem zumindest einen Sensor und einer Verschraubung im ersten Pfad maximal 100 mm beträgt. Auf diese Weise kann ermittelt werden, ob eine Verschraubung von Stromleitern im ersten Pfad noch ausreichend fest angezogen ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so kann eine Umschaltung von dem Pfad, der aufgrund der lockeren Verschraubung überlastet ist, auf einen Alternativpfad erfolgen.It is also advantageous if the at least one sensor is arranged in the area of a first circuit breaker which is also in the first path. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the shortest distance between the at least one sensor and the first circuit breaker is a maximum of 100 mm. This also favors a path switching close to the overload. In particular, the circuit breaker threatened by overload is directly relieved by the path switching. In the same way, it is advantageous if, as an alternative or in addition, the shortest distance between the at least one sensor and a screw connection in the first path is a maximum of 100 mm. In this way, it can be determined whether a screw connection of current conductors in the first path is still tightened sufficiently. If this is not the case, a switchover from the path that is overloaded due to the loose screw connection to an alternative path can take place.

Günstig ist es weiterhin, wenn die Strombelastbarkeit für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich groß ist. Insbesondere kann dies dadurch bewerkstelligt werden, dass ein Nennstrom eines im ersten Pfad liegenden ersten Schutzschalters gleich groß ist wie ein Nennstrom eines im zweiten Pfad liegenden zweiten Schutzschalters. Auf diese Weise ist das am Ausgang des Schaltschranks angeschlossene Gerät von der Umschaltung des Pfads nicht oder kaum betroffen.It is also advantageous if the current carrying capacity for the first and second path is the same. In particular, this can be achieved in that a rated current of a first circuit breaker located in the first path is the same as a rated current of a second circuit breaker located in the second path. In this way, the device connected to the output of the control cabinet is not or hardly affected by the switchover of the path.

Günstig ist es darüber hinaus, wenn die am Ausgang anliegende Spannung für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich hoch ist. Dies ist eine weitere Maßnahme, die dazu beiträgt, dass das am Ausgang des Schaltschranks angeschlossene Gerät von der Umschaltung des Pfads nicht oder kaum betroffen ist.It is also beneficial if the voltage present at the output is the same for the first and second path. This is another measure that will help the device connected to the output of the control cabinet is not or hardly affected by the switchover of the path.

Günstig ist es zudem, wenn die (absolute) Phasenlage der an einem Anschluss des Ausgangs anliegenden Spannung für den ersten Pfad und den zweiten Pfad unterschiedlich ist. Dadurch kann die Pfadumschaltung durch einfache Maßnahmen realisiert werden. Beispielsweise ergibt sich bei einer Umschaltung eines einphasig an der Phase L1 und dem Nullleiter N eines Dreiphasennetzes betriebenen Geräts auf die Phase L2 eine Phasenverschiebung von 120°.It is also beneficial if the (absolute) phase position of the voltage applied to a terminal of the output is different for the first path and the second path. This means that the path switching can be implemented using simple measures. For example, when switching a single-phase device operated on phase L1 and the neutral conductor N of a three-phase network to phase L2, a phase shift of 120 ° results.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es schließlich, wenn die relative Phasenlage der zwischen Anschlüssen des Ausgangs anliegenden Spannungen für den ersten Pfad und den zweiten Pfad gleich ist. Beispielsweise kann ein dreiphasig betriebenes Gerät von den Phasen L1, L2, L3 auf die Phasen L2, L3, L1 geschaltet werden, wodurch sich absolut gesehen eine Phasenverschiebung von wiederum 120° ergibt, die relative Phasenverschiebung zwischen den Ausgängen jedoch gleich bleibt, da die Phasenverschiebungen zwischen L1 und L2, L2 und L3 sowie L3 und L1 jeweils 120° betragen. Diese Maßnahme ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn es sich bei dem am Ausgang angeschlossenen Gerät um einen Drehstrommotor handelt oder das angeschlossene Gerät solche Motoren umfasst, da es dann nicht zu einer unerwünschten Umkehrung der Drehrichtung des Motors kommt.Finally, it is particularly advantageous if the relative phase position of the voltages present between terminals of the output is the same for the first path and the second path. For example, a three-phase device can be switched from phases L1, L2, L3 to phases L2, L3, L1, which in absolute terms results in a phase shift of again 120 °, but the relative phase shift between the outputs remains the same because the phase shifts between L1 and L2, L2 and L3 and L3 and L1 each be 120 °. This measure is particularly advantageous when the device connected to the output is a three-phase motor or the connected device includes such motors, since then there is no undesired reversal of the direction of rotation of the motor.

An dieser Stelle wird angemerkt, dass sich die zur Schaltschrankanordnung offenbarten Varianten und daraus ergebenden Vorteile gleichermaßen auf das Betriebsverfahren für den Schaltschrank respektive auf den Schutzschalter beziehen und umgekehrt.At this point it should be noted that the variants disclosed for the switch cabinet arrangement and the advantages resulting therefrom apply equally to the operating method for the switch cabinet or the circuit breaker and vice versa.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den schematischen Figuren der Zeichnung angegebenen Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen dabei:

Fig. 1
ein erstes, schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung für ein einphasig angeschlossenes Gerät;
Fig. 2
ähnlich wie Fig. 1, nur mit drei möglichen Pfaden;
Fig. 3
ein zweites, schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung für ein zweiphasig angeschlossenes Gerät;
Fig. 4
ein weiteres, schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung für ein dreiphasig angeschlossenes Gerät;
Fig. 5
eine Vorderansicht einer Schaltschrankanordnung, aus der eine vorteilhafte Position der Sensoren in Relation zu einem Schutzschalter hervorgeht;
Fig. 6
einen Ausschnitt aus einer weiteren beispielhaften Schaltschrankanordnung von schräg hinten und
Fig. 7
den Ausschnitt aus Fig. 6 etwas mehr von der Seite.
The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments specified in the schematic figures of the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1
a first, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement for a single-phase connected device;
Fig. 2
similar to Fig. 1 , only with three possible paths;
Fig. 3
a second, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement for a two-phase connected device;
Fig. 4
a further, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement for a three-phase connected device;
Fig. 5
a front view of a switch cabinet arrangement, from which an advantageous position of the sensors in relation to a circuit breaker emerges;
Fig. 6
a section of a further exemplary switch cabinet arrangement from obliquely behind and
Fig. 7
the cutout Fig. 6 a little more from the side.

DETAILIERTE BESCHREIBUNG DER ERFINDUNGDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes, schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung 1a, welche einen Eingang E zum Anschluss des Schaltschranks 1 an ein Energieversorgungsnetz umfasst, einen Ausgang A, welcher der Versorgung eines daran angeschlossenen Geräts mit elektrischer Energie dient, sowie mehrere elektrische Leiter 2 und mehrere in deren Verlauf angeordnete Schutzschalter 3a, 3b, mit denen der Eingang E mit dem zumindest einen Ausgang A über einen ersten Pfad elektrisch verbindbar ist. Die elektrischen Leiter 2 sind hier den drei Phasen L1, L2 und L3 sowie dem Nullleiter N eines Dreiphasennetzes zugeordnet. Fig. 1 shows a first, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement 1a, which comprises an input E for connecting the switch cabinet 1 to an energy supply network, an output A, which is used to supply a device connected to it with electrical energy, and several electrical conductors 2 and several in their Circuit breakers 3a, 3b arranged in the course, with which the input E can be electrically connected to the at least one output A via a first path. The electrical conductors 2 are assigned to the three phases L1, L2 and L3 as well as the neutral conductor N of a three-phase network.

Weiterhin umfasst die Schaltschrankanordnung 1a zwei auf den elektrischen Leitern 2 angeordnete Sensoren 4a, 4b, welche für die Erfassung eines Messwerts für einen durch die Leiter 2 fließenden Strom und/oder eines Messwerts für eine Temperatur der Leiters 2 eingerichtet sind. Schließlich umfasst die Schaltschrankanordnung 1a auch eine Steuerung 5, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, den zumindest einen Ausgang A innerhalb des Schaltschranks 1 durch Betätigung der Schutzschalter 3a, 3b über einen zweiten, vom ersten Pfad abweichenden, Pfad mit dem Eingang E zu verbinden, wenn der erfasste Strom über einem ersten Schwellwert liegt und/oder die erfasste Temperatur über einem zweiten Schwellwert liegt.Furthermore, the switch cabinet arrangement 1a comprises two sensors 4a, 4b arranged on the electrical conductors 2, which are set up for the acquisition of a measured value for a current flowing through the conductor 2 and / or a measured value for a temperature of the conductor 2. Finally, the switch cabinet arrangement 1a also comprises a controller 5, which is set up to connect the at least one output A within the switch cabinet 1 to the input E by actuating the circuit breakers 3a, 3b via a second path that deviates from the first path, when the detected current is above a first threshold value and / or the detected temperature is above a second threshold value.

Die Funktion der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Schaltschrankanordnung 1a ist wie folgt: Vorerst wird von einem Zustand ausgegangen, in dem der erste Schutzschalter 3a geschlossen und der zweite Schutzschalter 3b offen ist. Der Ausgang A ist demzufolge über einen ersten Pfad, in dem der erste Schutzschalter 3a liegt, mit dem Eingang E verbunden. Beispielsweise liegt zwischen den Phasen L1, L2 und L3 jeweils eine Spannung von 400 V an, zwischen einer Phase L1, L2, L3 und dem Nullleiter N eine Spannung von 230 V. Am Ausgang A ist demzufolge ein elektrisches Gerät betreibbar, dass für eine Spannung von 230 V und einphasigen Betrieb ausgelegt ist.The function of the Fig. 1 The switch cabinet arrangement 1a shown is as follows: First of all, a state is assumed in which the first circuit breaker 3a is closed and the second circuit breaker 3b is open. The output A is consequently connected to the input E via a first path in which the first circuit breaker 3a is located. For example, a voltage of 400 V is applied between phases L1, L2 and L3, and a voltage of 230 V between a phase L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N. Accordingly, an electrical device can be operated at output A for a voltage of 230 V and single-phase operation.

Mit dem ersten Sensor 4a wird die Temperatur des Leiters 2 und/oder der durch den Leiter 2 und den ersten Schutzschalter 3a fließende Strom ermittelt sowie mit Hilfe der punktiert dargestellten Datenleitungen an die Steuerung 5 übermittelt. Überschreitet der mit dem ersten Sensor 4a gemessene Strom den ersten Schwellwert und/oder überschreitet die mit dem ersten Sensor 4a gemessene Temperatur den zweiten Schwellwert, dann sendet die Steuerung 5 ein Signal zum Öffnen an den ersten Schutzschalter 3a und ein Signal zum (synchronen) Schließen an den zweiten Schutzschalter 3b. Der Ausgang wird demzufolge dann über den zweiten Pfad verbunden, in dem der zweite Schutzschalter 3b liegt. Unter "synchronem" Öffnen/Schließen kann insbesondere ein gleichzeitiges oder leicht verzögertes Schalten verstanden werden. Im Speziellen fällt darunter auch ein Schalten in aufeinanderfolgenden Nulldurchgängen verschiedener Phasen L1, L2, L3. Der Verbraucher sollte von der Umschaltung nach Möglichkeit nicht oder nur wenig beeinflusst sein.The temperature of the conductor 2 and / or the current flowing through the conductor 2 and the first circuit breaker 3a is determined with the first sensor 4a and transmitted to the controller 5 with the aid of the data lines shown in dotted lines. If the current measured with the first sensor 4a exceeds the first threshold value and / or the temperature measured with the first sensor 4a exceeds the second threshold value, the controller 5 sends an opening signal to the first circuit breaker 3a and a signal for (synchronous) closing to the second circuit breaker 3b. The output is then connected via the second path in which the second circuit breaker 3b is located. “Synchronous” opening / closing can be understood to mean, in particular, simultaneous or slightly delayed switching. In particular, this also includes switching in successive zero crossings of different phases L1, L2, L3. If possible, the consumer should not be influenced or only slightly influenced by the switchover.

In ganz analoger Weise wird mit dem zweiten Sensor 4b die Temperatur des Leiters 2 und/oder der durch den Leiter 2 und den zweiten Schutzschalter 3b fließende Strom ermittelt sowie mit Hilfe der punktiert dargestellten Datenleitungen an die Steuerung 5 übermittelt. Überschreitet der mit dem zweiten Sensor 4a gemessene Strom den ersten Schwellwert und/oder überschreitet die mit dem ersten Sensor 4a gemessene Temperatur den zweiten Schwellwert, dann sendet die Steuerung 5 ein Signal zum Öffnen an den zweiten Schutzschalter 3b und ein Signal zum Schließen an den ersten Schutzschalter 3a. Der Ausgang wird demzufolge wieder über den ersten Pfad verbunden, in dem der erste Schutzschalter 3a liegt.In a completely analogous manner, the temperature of the conductor 2 and / or the current flowing through the conductor 2 and the second circuit breaker 3b is determined with the second sensor 4b and transmitted to the controller 5 using the data lines shown in dotted lines. If the current measured with the second sensor 4a exceeds the first threshold value and / or the temperature measured with the first sensor 4a exceeds the second threshold value, the controller 5 sends an opening signal to the second circuit breaker 3b and a closing signal to the first Circuit breaker 3a. The output is consequently connected again via the first path in which the first circuit breaker 3a is located.

Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen wird eine Überlastung der Schutzschalter 3a und 3b vermieden, und ein Normalbetrieb kann auch nahe der Überlast lange aufrechterhalten werden Die Schutzschalter 3a und 3b dienen im Wesentlichen nur der Notabschaltung bei Auftreten eines außergewöhnlichen Ereignisses.The proposed measures prevent the circuit breakers 3a and 3b from being overloaded, and normal operation can be maintained for a long time near the overload. The circuit breakers 3a and 3b are essentially only used for emergency shutdown when an exceptional event occurs.

Zur Erreichung des angegebenen Ziels weisen die Schutzschalter 3a, 3b jeweils einen Überstromauslöser auf, welche dazu eingerichtet sind, Schaltkontakte der Schutzschalter 3a, 3b voneinander zu trennen, sobald ein Strom über die Schaltkontakte über einem dritten Schwellwert liegt, wobei der erste Schwellwert unterhalb des dritten Schwellwerts liegt. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass der im stromführenden Pfad liegende Schutzschalter 3a, 3b nicht nahe der Überlast oder bei geringer Überlast ausschaltet, ohne dass die Steuerung 5 eine Umschaltung der Pfade initiiert. Dies hätte zur Folge, dass das am Ausgang A angeschlossene Gerät nicht mehr mit elektrischer Energie versorgt wird, obwohl dies über einen Alternativpfad möglich gewesen wäre.To achieve the stated goal, the circuit breakers 3a, 3b each have an overcurrent release, which is set up to separate the switching contacts of the circuit breakers 3a, 3b from one another as soon as a current through the switching contacts is above a third threshold value, the first threshold value below the third The threshold value. In this way it is ensured that the circuit breaker 3a, 3b located in the current-carrying path does not switch off near the overload or in the event of a low overload without the controller 5 initiating a switchover of the paths. This would mean that the device connected to output A is no longer supplied with electrical energy, although this would have been possible via an alternative path.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich weisen die Schutzschalter 3a, 3b zur Erreichung des angegebenen Ziels jeweils einen Temperaturauslöser auf, welche dazu eingerichtet sind, Schaltkontakte der Schutzschalter 3a, 3b voneinander zu trennen, sobald eine Temperatur des Temperaturauslösers über einem vierten Schwellwert liegt, wobei der zweite Schwellwert unterhalb des vierten Schwellwerts liegt. Auf diese Weise wird ebenfalls sichergestellt, dass der im stromführenden Pfad liegende Schutzschalter 3a, 3b nicht wegen Überlastung ausschaltet ohne dass die Steuerung eine Umschaltung der Pfade initiiert.Alternatively or additionally, the circuit breakers 3a, 3b each have a temperature trigger to achieve the specified goal, which are set up to separate switching contacts of the circuit breakers 3a, 3b from one another as soon as a temperature of the temperature trigger is above a fourth threshold value, the second threshold value below of the fourth threshold. In this way it is also ensured that the circuit breaker 3a, 3b located in the current-carrying path does not switch off due to an overload without the control initiating a switchover of the paths.

Für das an den Ausgang A angeschlossene Gerät hat die Umschaltung vom ersten Pfad auf den zweiten Pfad oder umgekehrt kaum Auswirkungen. So ist zum Beispiel die am Ausgang A anliegende Spannung für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich hoch (im konkreten Beispiel nämlich 230V). Allerdings ist die (absolute) Phasenlage der am Ausgang A anliegenden Spannung für den ersten Pfad und den zweiten Pfad unterschiedlich (im konkreten Beispiel ist diese um 120° geändert). Für die allermeisten Geräte, zum Beispiel für ohmsche Verbraucher, ist eine bestimmte Phasenlage jedoch völlig unerheblich. Von Vorteil ist es auch, wenn die Strombelastbarkeit für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich groß ist. Dazu kann ein Nennstrom des im ersten Pfad liegenden ersten Schutzschalters 3a gleich groß sein wie ein Nennstrom des im zweiten Pfad liegenden zweiten Schutzschalters 3b.For the device connected to output A, switching from the first path to the second path or vice versa has hardly any effect. For example, the voltage at output A is the same for the first and second path (namely 230V in the specific example). However, the (absolute) phase position of the voltage present at output A is different for the first path and the second path (in the specific example this is changed by 120 °). For the vast majority of devices, for example for ohmic loads, a certain phase position is completely irrelevant. It is also an advantage if the Ampacity for the first and second path is the same. For this purpose, a nominal current of the lying in the first path first circuit breaker 3a be the same size as a rated current of the second circuit breaker 3b located in the second path.

Damit für den im ersten Pfad liegenden ersten Sensor 4a im Wesentlichen dieselben Bedingungen vorliegen wie für den im ersten Pfad liegenden ersten Schutzschalter 3a, ist es von Vorteil, wenn der erste Sensor 4a im Bereich des ersten Schutzschalters 3a liegt, also nahe diesem angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist der erste Sensor 4a nicht weiter vom ersten Schutzschalter 3a entfernt ist als 100 mm, wobei auf den kürzesten Abstand zwischen dem Sensor 4a und dem ersten Schutzschalter 3a Bezug genommen wird (siehe auch die Figuren. 5 bis 7). Ähnliche Erwägungen gelten natürlich auch für den zweiten Schutzschalter 3b und den zweiten Sensor 4b.So that essentially the same conditions exist for the first sensor 4a located in the first path as for the first circuit breaker 3a located in the first path, it is advantageous if the first sensor 4a is in the area of the first circuit breaker 3a, that is, is arranged close to it. The first sensor 4a is preferably not further away from the first circuit breaker 3a than 100 mm, reference being made to the shortest distance between the sensor 4a and the first circuit breaker 3a (see also FIG Characters. 5 to 7 ). Similar considerations naturally also apply to the second circuit breaker 3b and the second sensor 4b.

In gleicher Weise ist es von Vorteil, wenn alternativ oder zusätzlich der kürzeste Abstand zwischen dem Sensor 4a und einer Verschraubung im ersten Pfad maximal 100 mm beträgt. Auf diese Weise kann mit dem Sensor 4a ermittelt werden, ob die genannte Verschraubung im ersten Pfad noch ausreichend fest angezogen ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so kann eine Umschaltung von dem Pfad, der aufgrund der lockeren Verschraubung überlastet ist, auf einen Alternativpfad erfolgen (siehe auch die Figuren 6 und 7).In the same way, it is advantageous if, as an alternative or in addition, the shortest distance between the sensor 4a and a screw connection in the first path is a maximum of 100 mm. In this way it can be determined with the sensor 4a whether the screw connection mentioned is still tightened sufficiently in the first path. If this is not the case, the path, which is overloaded due to the loose screw connection, can be switched to an alternative path (see also the Figures 6 and 7 ).

Auch wenn eine Anordnung der Sensoren 4a, 4b nahe an den Schutzschaltern 3a, 3b und/oder nahe an Verschraubungen von Vorteil ist, so können auch Ströme/Temperaturen in anderen Bereichen der Schaltschrankanordnung 1a für die Pfadumschaltung relevant sein, und die Sensoren 4a, 4b können demzufolge in anderen Bereichen derselben angeordnet sein. Denkbar ist natürlich auch, dass zusätzlich zu den Sensoren 4a, 4b auch noch weitere Sensoren vorhanden sind, deren Signal von der Steuerung 5 verarbeitet wird. Beispielsweise kann ein Sensor vorgesehen sein, welcher die Lufttemperatur innerhalb der Schaltschrankanordnung 1a ermittelt, und die Pfadumschaltung beeinflusst. Desgleichen können auch Sensoren für andere Parameter, wie Strom, Spannung, usw. vorgesehen sein.Even if an arrangement of the sensors 4a, 4b close to the circuit breakers 3a, 3b and / or close to screw connections is advantageous, currents / temperatures in other areas of the switch cabinet arrangement 1a can also be relevant for the path switching, and the sensors 4a, 4b can therefore be arranged in other areas thereof. It is of course also conceivable that, in addition to the sensors 4a, 4b, there are also further sensors, whose signal is processed by the controller 5. For example, a sensor can be provided which determines the air temperature within the switchgear cabinet arrangement 1a and influences the path switching. Likewise, sensors for other parameters such as current, voltage, etc. can also be provided.

Fig. 2 zeigt nun ein zweites, schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung 1b, welche der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Schaltschrankanordnung 1a sehr ähnlich ist. Im Unterschied dazu ist der Ausgang A nun aber mit allen drei Phasen L1, L2 und L3 verbindbar, und nicht nur mit den Phasen L1 und L2. Dabei wird einer der drei Schutzschalter 3a..3c geschlossen, die anderen bleiben offen. Insgesamt stehen somit drei verschiedene Pfade zur Verfügung, und eine Pfadumschaltung ist demzufolge noch flexibler. Die Steuerung 5 kann bei drohender Überlast in einem Pfad auf den Pfad mit der geringsten Belastung umschalten. Fig. 2 now shows a second, schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement 1b, which is the one in FIG Fig. 1 shown switch cabinet arrangement 1a is very similar. In contrast to this, output A can now be connected to all three phases L1, L2 and L3, and not just to phases L1 and L2. One of the three circuit breakers 3a..3c is closed, the others remain open. A total of three different paths are therefore available, and path switching is therefore even more flexible. In the event of an impending overload in a path, the controller 5 can switch over to the path with the lowest load.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein weiteres schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung 1c, welche den vorgenannten Schaltschrankanordnungen 1a und 1b ähnlich ist. Nun wird der Ausgang A aber an zwei Phasen angeschaltet, wodurch an diesem eine Spannung von (vorzugsweise) 400V anliegt. Konkret verläuft ein erster Pfad über den ersten Schalter 3a und den dritten Schalter 3c, ein zweiter Pfad über den zweiten Schalter 3b und den vierten Schalter 3d. Demzufolge ist auf den Ausgang A die Spannung zwischen den Phasen L1 und L2 oder zwischen L2 und L3 geschaltet. Bei Auswahl des ersten Pfads schließt die Steuerung 5 die Schalter 3a, 3c und öffnet die Schalter 3b, 3d. Bei Auswahl des zweiten Pfads ist es umgekehrt. Fig. 3 shows another schematically illustrated example of a switchgear cabinet arrangement 1c, which is similar to the aforementioned switchgear cabinet arrangements 1a and 1b. Now output A is switched on to two phases, which means that a voltage of (preferably) 400V is applied to it. Specifically, a first path runs through the first switch 3a and the third switch 3c, and a second path runs through the second switch 3b and the fourth switch 3d. As a result, the voltage between phases L1 and L2 or between L2 and L3 is switched to output A. When the first path is selected, the controller 5 closes switches 3a, 3c and opens switches 3b, 3d. If you choose the second path, it's the other way around.

Ein weiterer Unterschied zu den vorangegangenen Beispielen besteht darin, dass nicht alle Schalter 3a..3d zwangsläufig Schutzschalter sein müssen. Beispielsweise sind der erste Schalter 3a und der vierte Schalter 3d als einfache Schalter ohne Schutzfunktion hinsichtlich Überstrom und/oder Übertemperatur ausgebildet. Lediglich der zweite Schalter 3b und der dritte Schalter 3c haben in diesem Beispiel eine solche Funktion. Dies ist jedoch ausreichend, da sich auf diese Weise im ersten Pfad und im zweiten Pfade jeweils ein Schutzschalter 3b, 3c befindet, welcher den Stromkreis im Notfall trennt.Another difference to the previous examples is that not all switches 3a..3d have to be circuit breakers. For example, the first switch 3a and the fourth switch 3d are designed as simple switches without a protective function with regard to overcurrent and / or overtemperature. Only the second switch 3b and the third switch 3c have such a function in this example. However, this is sufficient because in this way there is a circuit breaker 3b, 3c in each case in the first path and in the second path, which switches the circuit off in an emergency.

Bei diesem Beispiel ist die am Ausgang A anliegende Spannung für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich hoch (im konkreten Beispiel nämlich 400V). Die absolute Phasenlage der am Ausgang A anliegenden Spannung für den ersten Pfad und den zweiten Pfad ist wiederum unterschiedlich (im konkreten Beispiel wird sie wiederum um 120° gedreht), die relative Phasenlage jedoch gleich, da sowohl zwischen den Phasen L1 und L2 als auch zwischen den Phasen L2 und L3 ein Phasenwinkel von 120° liegt. Vorzugsweise kann auch die Strombelastbarkeit für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich groß sein, das heißt insbesondere ein Nennstrom des im ersten Pfad liegenden zweiten Schutzschalters 3a kann gleich groß sein wie ein Nennstrom des im zweiten Pfad liegenden dritten Schutzschalters 3c.In this example, the voltage present at output A is equally high for the first and second path (in the specific example, namely 400V). The absolute phase position of the voltage present at output A for the first path and the second path is again different (in the specific example it is again rotated by 120 °), but the relative phase position is the same, since both phases L1 and L2 and between phases L2 and L3 have a phase angle of 120 °. The current carrying capacity for the first and second path can preferably also be the same, that is to say in particular a rated current of the second circuit breaker 3a located in the first path can be the same as a rated current of the third circuit breaker 3c located in the second path.

Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres schematisch dargestelltes Beispiel einer Schaltschrankanordnung 1d, welche den bisher vorgestellten Schaltschrankanordnungen 1a..1c ähnlich ist. Der Ausgang A ist nun aber für dreiphasig angeschlossene Geräte geeignet. In diesem Fall kann der Ausgang mit den Phasen L1, L2, L3 (erster Pfad) oder L2, L3, L1 (zweiter Pfad) verbunden werden. Dazu werden entweder die Schalter 3a, 3c, 3d oder die Schalter 3b, 3d, 3f geschlossen. Diese Maßnahme ist vor allem dann sinnvoll, wenn die an den Ausgang A angeschlossene Last unsymmetrisch ist und die Phasen L1, L2, L3 ungleichmäßig belastet. Fließt zum Beispiel bei Schaltung des Ausgangs A über den ersten Pfad ein übermäßig hoher Strom über die Phase L1, so verschiebt die Umschaltung auf den zweiten Pfad diese Belastung auf die Phase L2. Die Phase L1 kann dann abkühlen und ein Zurückschalten des Pfads ermöglichen. Fig. 4 shows another schematically illustrated example of a switch cabinet arrangement 1d, which is similar to the switch cabinet arrangements 1a..1c presented so far. Output A is now suitable for three-phase connected devices. In this case the output can be connected to phases L1, L2, L3 (first path) or L2, L3, L1 (second path). For this purpose, either switches 3a, 3c, 3d or switches 3b, 3d, 3f are closed. This measure is particularly useful if the load connected to output A is asymmetrical and the phases L1, L2, L3 are unevenly loaded. If, for example, when output A is switched via the first path, an excessively high current flows through phase L1, the switchover to the second path shifts this load to phase L2. Phase L1 can then cool down and allow the path to be switched back.

Ein weiterer Unterschied der in der Fig. 4 dargestellten Schaltschrankanordnung 1d besteht darin, dass die Steuerung 5 nicht über Datenleitungen mit den Schaltern 3a..3f und den Sensoren 4a..4c verbunden ist, sondern die Kommunikation zu diesen drahtlos erfolgt. Denkbar wäre natürlich auch ein Mischbetrieb, in dem ein Teil der Schalter 3a..3f / der Sensoren 4a..4c drahtlos an die Steuerung 5 angebunden ist und der verbleibende Teil per Draht.Another difference in the Fig. 4 The switchgear cabinet arrangement 1d shown is that the controller 5 is not connected to the switches 3a..3f and the sensors 4a..4c via data lines, but communication with them takes place wirelessly. A mixed operation would, of course, also be conceivable, in which some of the switches 3a..3f / sensors 4a..4c are connected wirelessly to the controller 5 and the remainder are connected by wire.

Ein Unterschied besteht auch darin, dass die Sensoren 4a..4c nicht jeweils einem Schalter 3a..3f zugeordnet sind, sondern jeweils zwei Schaltern 3a..3f. Nachdem die Steuerung 5 Kenntnis über den gerade geschalteten Pfad hat, kann sie auch die von den Sensoren 4a..4c erhaltenen Messwerte (insbesondere für den Strom) den jeweiligen Schaltern 3a..3f zuordnen. In diesem Beispiel wird angenommen, dass alle Schalter 3a..3f als Schutzschalter ausgebildet sind. Für die Unterbrechung des Stromkreises im Überlastfall wäre es an sich aber auch ausreichend, wenn vier Schalter 3a..3f als Schutzschalter ausgebildet sind, beispielsweise die Schalter 3a..3d.Another difference is that the sensors 4a..4c are not each assigned to a switch 3a..3f, but rather two switches 3a..3f. After the controller 5 has knowledge of the path that has just been switched, it can also assign the measured values received from the sensors 4a..4c (in particular for the current) to the respective switches 3a..3f. In this example it is assumed that all switches 3a..3f are designed as circuit breakers. For the interruption of the circuit in the event of an overload it would also be sufficient if four switches 3a..3f are designed as circuit breakers, for example switches 3a..3d.

Auch in diesem Beispiel ist die am Ausgang A anliegende Spannung für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich hoch (im konkreten Beispiel nämlich jeweils 400V). Die absolute Phasenlage der am Ausgang A anliegenden Spannung für den ersten Pfad und den zweiten Pfad ist wiederum unterschiedlich (im konkreten Beispiel wird diese wieder um 120° gedreht), jedoch ist die relative Phasenlage zwischen den einzelnen Anschlüssen des Ausgangs A jeweils gleich. Dies ist zum Beispiel dann von Vorteil, wenn am Ausgang Drehstrommotoren betrieben werden, deren Drehrichtung sich bei der Pfadumschaltung nicht ändern soll. Vorzugsweise kann auch die Strombelastbarkeit für den ersten und zweiten Pfad gleich groß sein, das heißt insbesondere ein Nennstrom der im ersten Pfad liegenden Schutzschalter 3a, 3c, 3e kann gleich groß sein wie ein Nennstrom der im zweiten Pfad liegenden Schutzschalters 3b, 3d, 3f.In this example, too, the voltage present at output A is the same for the first and second path (in the specific example, namely 400V each). The absolute phase position of the voltage present at output A for the first path and the second path is again different (in the specific example this is again rotated by 120 °), but the relative phase position between the individual ones is Connections of output A are the same. This is advantageous, for example, when three-phase motors are operated at the output whose direction of rotation should not change when the path is switched. The current carrying capacity for the first and second path can preferably also be the same, i.e. in particular a rated current of the circuit breakers 3a, 3c, 3e in the first path can be the same as a rated current of the circuit breakers 3b, 3d, 3f in the second path.

Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass für den Wechsel vom ersten Pfad auf den zweiten Pfad in den Beispielen nach Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 eine Phase umgeschaltet wird, in dem Beispiel nach Fig. 3 zwei Phasen und in dem Beispiel nach Fig. 4 drei Phasen.In summary it can be said that for the change from the first path to the second path in the examples according to FIGS. 1 and 2 a phase is switched, in the example according to Fig. 3 two phases and in the example after Fig. 4 three phases.

Fig. 5 zeigt nun eine beispielhafte Schaltschrankanordnung 1e in Vorderansicht. In einen Rahmen 6 sind drei Schutzschalter 3a..3c eingebaut und über die Stromleiter 2, welche horizontal und vertikal verlaufende Stromschienen ("bus bars") bilden, mit dem Eingang E verbunden. In der bereits beschriebenen Weise kann der Eingang E über die Stromleiter 2 und die Schutzschalter 3a..3c elektrisch mit einem nicht dargestellten Ausgang A verbunden werden. Fig. 5 now shows an exemplary switch cabinet arrangement 1e in a front view. Three circuit breakers 3a..3c are built into a frame 6 and connected to the input E via the current conductors 2, which form horizontally and vertically running busbars ("bus bars"). In the manner already described, the input E can be electrically connected to an output A, not shown, via the current conductors 2 and the circuit breakers 3a..3c.

Darüber hinaus sind dem Schutzschalter 3a beispielhaft drei Sensoren 4a..4c zugeordnet die auf den Phasen L1..L3 befestigt sind. Beispielsweise können diese auf dem Stromleiter 2 angeschraubt oder beispielsweise mit einer Klammer befestigt sein. Vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn die Sensoren 4a..4c die für den ihren Betrieb nötige Energie direkt aus den Stromleitern 2 beziehen, beispielsweise in an sich bekannter Weise durch induktive Energieübertragung.In addition, three sensors 4a..4c are assigned to circuit breaker 3a by way of example and are attached to phases L1..L3. For example, these can be screwed onto the conductor 2 or fastened, for example, with a clamp. It is also advantageous if the sensors 4a..4c draw the energy necessary for their operation directly from the current conductors 2, for example in a manner known per se by inductive energy transmission.

Wie bereits erwähnt, sind die Sensoren 4a..4c vorzugsweise im Bereich des Schutzschalters 3a angeordnet und nicht weiter von diesem entfernt als 100 mm. In der Fig. 5 ist dazu der Abstand s eingezeichnet. Das heißt, vorzugsweise gilt s ≤ 100 mm.As already mentioned, the sensors 4a..4c are preferably arranged in the area of the circuit breaker 3a and not more than 100 mm away from it. In the Fig. 5 the distance s is shown for this. That is to say, preferably s 100 100 mm applies.

Selbstverständlich können auch den anderen Schutzschaltern 3b und 3c Sensoren 4a..4c zugeteilt sein und selbstverständlich können Sensoren 4a..4c auch an anderer Stelle im Schaltschrank angeordnet und mit einer Steuerung 5 verbunden sein. Im Hinblick auf die Steuerung 5 ist generell zu erwähnen, dass diese innerhalb eines Schaltschranks oder auch außerhalb desselben angeordnet sein kann. In beiden Fällen umfasst ein Schaltschrank die Schutzschalter 3b und 3c und die Sensoren 4a..4c, und die Schaltschrankanordnung umfasst den Schaltschrank und die Steuerung 5. Ist die Steuerung 5 im Schaltschrank integriert, so sind Schaltschrank und Schaltschrankanordnung identisch.Of course, sensors 4a..4c can also be assigned to the other circuit breakers 3b and 3c, and sensors 4a..4c can of course also be arranged elsewhere in the switchgear cabinet and connected to a controller 5. With regard to the controller 5, it should generally be mentioned that it can be arranged inside a switch cabinet or also outside it. In both cases, a control cabinet includes the circuit breakers 3b and 3c and the sensors 4a..4c, and the The control cabinet arrangement comprises the control cabinet and the control 5. If the control 5 is integrated in the control cabinet, the control cabinet and control cabinet arrangement are identical.

Wenn die Steuerung 5 außerhalb des Schaltschranks angeordnet ist, kann sie insbesondere auch Teil eines größerer Überwachungs- oder Steuersystems sein. Beispielsweise kann sie als Teil einer Software ausgebildet sein, die einem Computer abläuft. Denkbar ist auch, dass sie als im Wesentlichen autarke Steuerung ausgebildet ist, welche Schaltzustände und dergleichen an ein übergeordnetes System weitermeldet. Insbesondere kann sie dabei auch einen Mikroprozessor oder Mikrocontroller umfassen. Die Kommunikation zu einem übergeordneten System kann leitungsgebunden oder per Funk (insbesondere über ein Mobilfunknetz) erfolgen.If the controller 5 is arranged outside the control cabinet, it can in particular also be part of a larger monitoring or control system. For example, it can be designed as part of software that runs on a computer. It is also conceivable that it is designed as an essentially self-sufficient control which reports switching states and the like to a higher-level system. In particular, it can also include a microprocessor or microcontroller. Communication with a higher-level system can be wired or by radio (in particular via a cellular network).

Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen abschließend einen Ausschnitt aus einem weiteren beispielhaften Schaltschrank 1f aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Aus den beiden Figuren ist gut erkennbar, dass ein Sensor 4a, 4b auch auf den horizontal verlaufenden Stromleitern 2 angeordnet sein kann. In den Figuren 6 und 7 sind insbesondere die kürzesten Abstände zu beispielhaften Sensoren eingetragen, konkret der Abstand s1 zum Sensor 4a, der Abstand s2 zum Sensor 4b und der Abstand s3 zum Sensor 4c. Die minimalen Abstände s1 und s2 verlaufen dabei in allgmeiner Richtung, der minimale Abstand s3 in horizontaler Richtung.The Figures 6 and 7 finally show a section from a further exemplary switchgear cabinet 1f from different angles. It can be clearly seen from the two figures that a sensor 4a, 4b can also be arranged on the horizontally running current conductors 2. In the Figures 6 and 7 In particular, the shortest distances to exemplary sensors are entered, specifically the distance s 1 to the sensor 4a, the distance s 2 to the sensor 4b and the distance s 3 to the sensor 4c. The minimum distances s 1 and s 2 run in the general direction, the minimum distance s 3 in the horizontal direction.

An dieser Stelle wird angemerkt, dass die Figuren 6 und 7 insbesondere auch für die Darstellung dienen, wie der kürzeste Abstand s1..s3 zu messen ist und dass der kürzeste Abstand s1..s3 in allgemeiner Lage liegen kann. Aus der Fig. 6 ist im Speziellen auch erkennbar, dass der Sensor 4b der Verschraubung 7 näher liegt als dem Schutzschalter 3a. Vorzugsweise ist Sensor 4b nicht weiter von der Verschraubung 7 entfernt als 100 mm. Das heißt es gilt vorzugsweise s4 ≤ 100 mm, und der Abstand s2 kann auch 100 mm übersteigen.It should be noted at this point that the Figures 6 and 7 in particular also serve to show how the shortest distance s 1 .. s 3 is to be measured and that the shortest distance s 1 .. s 3 can be in a general position. From the Fig. 6 it can also be seen in particular that the sensor 4b is closer to the screw connection 7 than the circuit breaker 3a. The sensor 4b is preferably not further away from the screw connection 7 than 100 mm. This means that preferably s 4 100 mm applies, and the distance s 2 can also exceed 100 mm.

Die in den Figuren 1 bis 7 dargestellten Beispiele soll im Wesentlichen das vorgeschlagene Wirkprinzip der Umschaltung von Strompfaden verdeutlichen. In der Praxis sind Schaltschrankaufbauten in der Regel deutlich komplexer, und es ist eine Vielzahl an Geräten an mehrere Ausgänge A angeschlossen. Sehr häufig sind diese nach dem Stand der Technik jeweils einer Phase fix zugeordnet, und bei Auftreten einer Überbelastung schaltet der zugeordnete Schutzschalter 3a, 3b aus. Mit Hilfe der vorgeschlagenen Steuerung 5 ist es aber möglich, Schieflasten zu erkennen und präventiv zu reagieren. Dazu werden Redundanzen in der Schaltschrankanordnung 1a..1f dazu genutzt, partielle Überbelastungen, welche auf lange Sicht eine Notabschaltung durch die Schutzschalter 3a..3c verursachen können, durch Umleitung der Stromversorgung in der Schaltschrankanordnung 1a zu vermeiden. Zudem können auch ein Alarm ausgelöst oder eine Warnmeldung ausgegeben beziehungsweise abgesetzt werden. Dieser Alarm oder diese Warnmeldung kann insbesondere dazu dienen, weitere Maßnahmen zum Abwenden einer Abschaltung durch die Schutzschalter 3a..3c zu ergreifen. Beispielsweise kann der Verbrauch der am Schaltschrank angeschlossenen Lasten durch ein übergeordnetes Leitsystem oder auch durch Intervention von Bedienpersonal reduziert werden. Insbesondere können dazu Verbraucher geringer Wichtigkeit ausgeschaltet werden.The ones in the Figures 1 to 7 The examples shown are essentially intended to illustrate the proposed operating principle of switching current paths. In practice, control cabinet structures are usually much more complex and a large number of devices are connected to several outputs A. Very often, according to the state of the art, these are each assigned to a fixed phase, and when one occurs Overloading switches off the assigned circuit breaker 3a, 3b. With the help of the proposed controller 5, however, it is possible to recognize unbalanced loads and to react preventively. For this purpose, redundancies in the control cabinet arrangement 1a..1f are used to avoid partial overloads, which in the long term can cause an emergency shutdown by the circuit breakers 3a..3c, by diverting the power supply in the control cabinet arrangement 1a. In addition, an alarm can be triggered or a warning message issued or sent. This alarm or this warning message can in particular serve to take further measures to avert a shutdown by the circuit breakers 3a..3c. For example, the consumption of the loads connected to the switch cabinet can be reduced by a higher-level control system or by the intervention of operating personnel. In particular, consumers of little importance can be switched off for this purpose.

Als konkretes Beispiel wird angenommen, dass die drei Phasen L1, L2 und L3 eine Strombelastbarkeit von jeweils 5kA aufweisen und in den drei Phasen L1, L2 und L3 Schutzschalter 3a..3c mit jeweils 5kA Nennstrom angeordnet sind. Durch unsymmetrische Belastung teilt sich der Strom auf die Phasen ungleichmäßig auf, sodass die Phase L1 mit knapp 5kA, die Phase L2 mit rund 4kA und die Phase L3 mit rund 3kA belastet wird. An der Phase 5kA ist eine Notausschaltung durch den Schutzschalter 3a daher langfristig zu erwarten. Dies hätte einen unerwünschten Stillstand der daran angeschlossenen Geräte zur Folge. Durch Umschalten den Pfade innerhalb der Schaltschrankanordnung kann ein Teil der Belastung der Phase L1 an einen andere Phase übertragen werden, beispielsweise an die Phase L3. In einem günstigen Fall können die Ausgänge A so geschaltet werden, dass sich eine symmetrische Belastung der Phasen L1..L3 von jeweils 4kA ergibt. Auch wenn dies nicht möglich ist und eine Schieflast unvermeidlich ist, so kann eine Notausschaltung durch einen Schutzschalter 3a..3c durch ein Umschalten der Pfade, so wie dies in der Fig. 4 erläutert ist, in aller Regel vermieden oder wenigstens hinausgezögert werden.As a concrete example, it is assumed that the three phases L1, L2 and L3 each have a current carrying capacity of 5kA and that circuit breakers 3a..3c with a rated current of 5kA each are arranged in the three phases L1, L2 and L3. As a result of the asymmetrical load, the current is distributed unevenly between the phases, so that phase L1 is loaded with just under 5kA, phase L2 with around 4kA and phase L3 with around 3kA. An emergency shutdown by the circuit breaker 3a is therefore to be expected in the long term at phase 5kA. This would result in an undesirable standstill of the connected devices. By switching the paths within the switch cabinet arrangement, part of the load on phase L1 can be transferred to another phase, for example to phase L3. In a favorable case, the outputs A can be switched so that there is a symmetrical load of the phases L1..L3 of 4kA each. Even if this is not possible and an unbalanced load is unavoidable, an emergency shutdown by a circuit breaker 3a..3c by switching the paths, as in the Fig. 4 is explained, usually avoided or at least delayed.

Generell ist anzumerken, dass die Anwendung einer Hysterese für die ersten und zweiten Schwellwerte in den verschiedenen Pfaden vorteilhaft ist, um ein rasches Umschalten von Pfaden zu vermeiden,In general, it should be noted that the use of a hysteresis for the first and second threshold values in the different paths is advantageous in order to avoid rapid switching of paths.

Anzumerken ist auch, dass die Sensoren 4a..4c nicht notgedrungen außerhalb der Schutzschalter 3a..3f angeordnet sein müssen, sondern auch von diesem umfasst sein können. Das heißt, ein Schutzschalter 3a..3f weist dann neben dem Stromauslöser, welcher häufig als elektrodynamischer Auslöser ausgeführt ist, und dem Temperaturauslöser, welcher häufig als Bimetallauslöser ausgeführt ist, einen Sensor 4a..4c zur Erfassung des Stroms durch den Schutzschalter 3a..3f und/oder der Temperatur des Schutzschalters 3a..3f auf. Dieser kann wiederum per Draht oder über Funk mit einer Steuerung 5 kommunizieren.It should also be noted that the sensors 4a..4c do not necessarily have to be arranged outside the circuit breakers 3a..3f, but can also be encompassed by this. This means that a circuit breaker 3a..3f then has, in addition to the current release, which is often designed as an electrodynamic release, and the temperature release, which is often designed as a bimetal release, a sensor 4a..4c for detecting the current through the circuit breaker 3a .. 3f and / or the temperature of the circuit breaker 3a..3f. This in turn can communicate with a controller 5 by wire or by radio.

Abschließend wird angemerkt, dass der Schaltschrank 1 respektive dessen Bauteile nicht notwendigerweise maßstäblich dargestellt sind und diese daher auch andere Proportionen aufweisen können. Weiterhin kann der Schaltschrank 1 auch mehr oder weniger Bauteile als dargestellt umfassen. Lageangaben (z.B. "oben", "unten", "links", "rechts", etc.) sind auf die jeweils beschriebene Figur bezogen und sind bei einer Lageänderung sinngemäß an die neue Lage anzupassen. Schließlich wird angemerkt, dass sich die obigen Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung auf beliebige Art und Weise kombinieren lassen.Finally, it should be noted that the switchgear cabinet 1 or its components are not necessarily shown to scale and they can therefore also have other proportions. Furthermore, the control cabinet 1 can also include more or fewer components than shown. Position details (e.g. "above", "below", "left", "right", etc.) refer to the figure described in each case and must be adapted accordingly to the new position if the position changes. Finally, it is noted that the above configurations and developments of the invention can be combined in any way.

Claims (11)

  1. Switchgear cabinet arrangement (1a..1f), comprising
    - a switchgear cabinet
    - a multipolar input (E) for connecting the switchgear cabinet to a power supply network,
    - at least one multipolar output (A), which is used for supplying a device connected thereto with electrical power,
    - a plurality of electrical conductors (2, L1..L3, N) and a plurality of circuit breakers (3a..3f) arranged in their path, by which the poles of the input (E) can be electrically connected to poles of the at least one output (A) via a first path,
    - at least one sensor (4a..4c) arranged on one of the electric conductors (2, L1..L3, N) and in the first path, which sensor is configured to detect a measured value for a current flowing through the conductor (2, L1..L3, N) in the first path and/or a measured value for a temperature of the conductor (2, L1..L3, N) in the first path, and
    - a controller (5), which is configured to connect the at least one output (A) inside the switchgear cabinet by activating the circuit breaker (3a..3f) via a second path, different from the first path, to the input (E), when the sensor detects current and the detected current is above a first threshold, and/or when the sensor detects temperature and the detected temperature is above a second threshold,
    characterised in that
    - one of the circuit breakers (3a..3f) has an overcurrent trip which is configured to open at least one switching contact of the circuit breaker (3a..3f), when a current over the at least one switching contact is above a third threshold, and the first threshold is below the third threshold and/or
    - in that one of the circuit breakers (3a..3f) has a temperature trigger which is configured to open at least one switching contact of the circuit breaker (3a..3f), when a temperature of the temperature trigger is above a fourth threshold and the second threshold is below the fourth threshold.
  2. Switchgear cabinet arrangement (1a..1f) according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one sensor (4a..4c) is arranged in the region of a first circuit breaker (3a..3f) which is also in the first path and the shortest distance between the at least one sensor (4a..4c) and the first circuit breaker (3a..3f) is thus a maximum of 100 mm.
  3. Switchgear cabinet arrangement (1a..1f) according to claim 2, characterised in that the latter comprises a screw connection (7) in the first path and in that the shortest distance (s, s1..s3) between the at least one sensor (4a..4c) and the first circuit breaker (3a..3f) is a maximum of 100 mm and/or the shortest distance (s4) between the at least one sensor (4a..4c) and the screw connection (7) in the first path is a maximum of 100 mm.
  4. Switchgear cabinet arrangement (1a..1f) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the current carrying capacity of the first and second path is of equal size.
  5. Switchgear cabinet arrangement (1a..1f) according to claim 4, characterised in that a rated current of a first circuit breaker (3a..3f) in the first path is the same size as a rated current of a second circuit breaker (3a..3f) in the second path.
  6. Method for operating a switchgear cabinet, which
    - comprises a multipolar input (E) for connecting the switchgear cabinet to a power supply network,
    - at least one multipolar output (A) which is used for supplying a device connected thereto with electric power,
    - a plurality of electrical conductors (2, L1..L3, N) and a plurality of circuit breakers (3a..3f) arranged in their path, by which poles of the input (E) can be connected electrically to poles of the at least one output (A) via a first path,
    - at least one sensor (4a..4c) arranged on one of the electric conductors (2, L1..L3, N) and in the first path, which detects a measured value for a current flowing through the conductor (2, L1..L3, N) in the first path and/or a measured value for a temperature of the conductor (2, L1..L3, N) in the first path, and
    - the at least one output (A) inside the switchgear cabinet is connected by activating the circuit breakers (3a..3f) via a second path, different from the first path, to the input (E), when the sensor detects current and the detected current is above a first threshold and/or when the sensor detects temperature and the detected temperature is above a second threshold,
    characterised in that
    - an overcurrent trip of one of the circuit breakers (3a..3f) opens at least one switching contact of the circuit breaker (3a..3f), when a current over the at least one switching contact is above a third threshold, wherein the first threshold is below the third threshold and/or
    - a temperature trigger of one of the circuit breakers (3a..3f) opens at least one switching contact of the circuit breaker (3a..3f), when a temperature of the temperature trigger is above a fourth threshold, wherein the second threshold is below the fourth threshold.
  7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that for changing from the first path to the second path a first circuit breaker (3a..3f) in the first path is switched off and a second circuit breaker (3a..3f) in the second path is switched on.
  8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the voltage applied to the output (A) is of equal size for the first and second path.
  9. Method according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the phase position of the voltage applied to a connector of the output (A) is different for the first path and the second path.
  10. Method according to any of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the relative phase position of the voltages applied between connectors/poles of the output (A) is the same for the first path and the second path.
  11. Method according to any of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the at least one output (A) inside the switchgear cabinet is connected by activating the circuit breaker (3a..3f) via a second path, different from the first path, to the input (E), when the sensor detects temperature and the temperature increases excessively with essentially the same current and thus the heat created by the line resistance of the electric conductors (2, L1..L3, N) and the transfer resistance between two conductors (2, L1..L3, N) with a proper connection thereof is in excess by at least 10% .
EP16711623.5A 2015-03-31 2016-03-23 Switchgear cabinet arrangement with improved cut-off in the event of an overload Active EP3278349B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015104920 2015-03-31
PCT/EP2016/056319 WO2016156131A2 (en) 2015-03-31 2016-03-23 Switchgear cabinet arrangement with improved cut-off in the event of an overload

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EP3278349B1 true EP3278349B1 (en) 2020-09-16

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DE202018103319U1 (en) * 2018-06-13 2019-09-16 Wago Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Sensor device for a terminal block assembly, terminal block assembly, terminal block, control cabinet and read-out device
CN111029223B (en) 2019-12-25 2021-10-15 华为技术有限公司 Circuit breaker and power distribution system

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EP1592106A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-02 Human Bios GmbH Device for connecting an electric load to a power source
DE102006011127B4 (en) 2006-03-08 2011-04-21 Rittal Gmbh & Co. Kg Control cabinet arrangement with a control cabinet monitoring device
KR101079900B1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2011-11-04 주식회사 케이티 Static transfer switch device, power supply apparatus using the switch device and switching method thereof
US7973253B2 (en) * 2008-12-10 2011-07-05 Eaton Corporation Neutral draw-out automatic transfer switch assembly and associated method
JP2011253744A (en) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-15 Kawamura Electric Inc Circuit breaker capable of detecting poor contact
WO2013178259A1 (en) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Overcurrent protection device
DE102012112435B4 (en) * 2012-12-17 2015-12-10 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Automatic circuit breaker with auxiliary short-circuit and fuse arrangement with a plurality of such automatic circuit breakers
DE102014010034B4 (en) * 2013-07-18 2020-11-05 Abb Ag Arrangement with phase switching devices and a neutral conductor switching device

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WO2016156131A2 (en) 2016-10-06
WO2016156131A3 (en) 2016-12-29

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