EP3139348A1 - Method and system for measuring reaction time at the start of a race - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring reaction time at the start of a race Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3139348A1 EP3139348A1 EP15183711.9A EP15183711A EP3139348A1 EP 3139348 A1 EP3139348 A1 EP 3139348A1 EP 15183711 A EP15183711 A EP 15183711A EP 3139348 A1 EP3139348 A1 EP 3139348A1
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- Prior art keywords
- athlete
- transponder module
- race
- processing unit
- signal
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0605—Decision makers and devices using detection means facilitating arbitration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0062—Monitoring athletic performances, e.g. for determining the work of a user on an exercise apparatus, the completed jogging or cycling distance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63K—RACING; RIDING SPORTS; EQUIPMENT OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- A63K3/00—Equipment or accessories for racing or riding sports
- A63K3/02—Starting-appliances
- A63K3/023—Starting-blocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C1/00—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people
- G07C1/22—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people in connection with sports or games
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/30—Speed
- A63B2220/34—Angular speed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/30—Speed
- A63B2220/36—Speed measurement by electric or magnetic parameters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/40—Acceleration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
- A63B2220/83—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- A63B2220/836—Sensors arranged on the body of the user
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race.
- the invention also relates to a system for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race for the implementation of the method.
- each athlete starts from a starting block.
- an athlete may still move to support to be considered ready for departure. Any movement occurring before 0.1 s of the start signaled by a starting pistol of the starting judge shall be considered a false start. This means that the athlete's movement, which results from the loss of contact of the athlete's hand on the starting floor, is considered a false start after the signaling of the starting pistol. On the other hand, any movement of the athlete before the preparation signaled by the starting judge with a disconnection in time of the measuring device, will be considered as preparations before the departure and should not be considered as a false start. In this case, the athlete may only receive a disciplinary warning.
- the starting block includes a longitudinal anchor bar, on which are placed two support pads of Athlete's feet and placed respectively on each side of the bar.
- Each stud comprises an angularly adjustable support surface for a foot of an athlete.
- Each bearing surface is coated with a pressure pad made by means of a conductive elastomer.
- Pressure pad sensors are connected to a control and display module by electrical cables to provide analog output signals varying according to the measured pressure.
- a start signal of a race provided by an indicator is transmitted via an electrical cable to the module.
- the starting block is capable of measuring, recording and displaying the pressure levels detected on each support surface, the time elapsed between the starting signal and the athlete's departure as a function of the pressure variation. measured on the pads, and indicate false starts. As previously indicated, this does not detect any type of movement of the athlete at the time of departure for a determination of a false start, which is a drawback.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a method of measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race.
- the invention relates to a method for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race, which comprises the features defined in independent claim 1.
- An advantage of the measurement method is that with the transponder module placed on a part of the athlete's body, it is possible to configure the measurement system so as to differentiate any movement of the athlete before the preparation the actual start of the race and the actual moment of the start of the race, where the reaction time must be judged. This allows the starting judge to make a good decision as to whether or not the athlete has a false start.
- each transponder module can be awakened at the time of the departure preparation signaled by the starting judge and from a base station or a starting point of race, such as a transmitter of a starting -block, or directly at the instant of the starting pistol shot. As soon as the transponder module is awake, it can be considered that it is easy to determine the reaction time of each athlete following the departure signal of a starting gun of a starting judge.
- the invention also relates to a system for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race for the implementation of the measurement method, and which comprises the characteristics defined in the claim independent 10.
- the figure 1 schematically represents the main elements, which make up a system for measuring or determining an athlete's reaction time at the start of an athletics race.
- the system comprises one or more transponder modules or circuits 1 and at least one base station 10 for the communication of data and / or measurements and / or commands between the modules or circuits to be used.
- Each transponder module 1 for the competition is placed on a part of the body of an athlete, for example in a bib number, and is therefore personalized to the athlete, who wears it.
- the transponder module 1 is disposed on an upper part of the athlete's body, such as the thorax, so as to detect the rotation of the athlete's upper body in order to determine a response time to the athlete. start of the race.
- the transponder module 1 may be of the active type with a battery or solar cell integrated in the module or of the passive type being powered by the reception of a traditional interrogation signal.
- the transponder module or circuit 1 comprises a wireless signal receiving unit 3 for receiving, via an antenna 2, data signals or commands 3 originating from a base station 10 or from a transmitter arranged in a starting block of the measuring system or along a race path.
- the signals received by the antenna 2 linked to the reception unit 3 are signals allowing the awakening of the transponder module 1, which is in a state of rest before the reception of such signals.
- These wake-up signals are generated, as indicated above, by the base station 10 or by a transmitter of the starting block or along the race track, after the signaling of the start preparation of an athletics race in particular or directly when the starting gun is fired.
- the gun can be an electronic or powder gun with a transducer and can also be part of the measuring system.
- the transponder module 1 further comprises a processing unit 4, which may be a state machine, a processor or a microcontroller, for managing all the data or commands or measurements to be received or transmitted.
- the processing unit 4 receives the data or commands formatted in the reception unit 3 so as also to wake up all the components that make up the transponder module 1.
- the processing unit 4 is still connected to a unit transmission of signals 5 by an antenna 6 to the base station 10.
- the base station 10 may be a race timing system and includes an antenna 11 for transmitting or receiving signals.
- the transponder module 1 further comprises at least one motion sensor 7, 8 linked to the processing unit 4 to supply measurement signals continuously or intermittently to the processing unit 4 once the transponder module is connected. wake up.
- the transponder module 1 can comprise, as motion sensor, an accelerometer 7 and / or a gyroscope or gyroscope 8.
- an accelerometer 7 is provided for measuring the acceleration of an athlete at the start of the race and a gyroscope 8 to determine a rotation speed and an angle of rotation of the upper part of the athlete's body so as to determine a reaction time at the start of a race.
- the measurement signals are supplied directly to the processing unit 4.
- the accelerometer 7 used may be an accelerometer with one, two or three measurement axes for providing a measurement signal relating to a movement variation of said module or a vibration level of said module, such as spasms or contractions or flickering. of the athlete before the start of the race.
- the gyroscope 8 may also be a gyroscope with one, two or three measurement axes and constitute a detection assembly with the accelerometer to provide a measurement signal relating to the speed of rotation of the upper body of the athlete and the rotation angle for determining a reaction time at the start of the race.
- the measurement signals of the accelerometer 7 and the gyroscope 8 or other types of sensors are sampled by the processing unit 4.
- the measurement signals can be transmitted directly to the base station 10 by using the unit of measurement. wireless transmission 5.
- the measurement signals can be improved especially after filtering and then stored and / or sent subsequently to the base station 10. It can also be expected to process the data of the different sensors and any event of detection, such as a jump. It can still be planned to deal with extracted motion characteristics, such as the step frequency and transmit this information to the base station 10 in addition to the actual data of the accelerometer 7 and the gyroscope 8.
- the signals received by the antenna 2 linked to the reception unit 3 may be low frequency signals of the order of 125 kHz
- the signals transmitted by the antenna 6 connected to the Transmission unit 5 may be UHF signals at a frequency between 300 MHz and 3000 MHz.
- a transponder module with a single switchable receiving and transmitting antenna for receiving or transmitting data signals.
- the figure 2 represents an athlete, who is provided with a transponder module in starting position on a starting block according to the invention.
- the two feet of the athlete 30 are in abutment against two support pads 21 of a starting block 20 arranged and fixed on the ground of the race course.
- the athlete 30 is equipped with a transponder module 1, preferably of the active type.
- the transponder module 1 is provided with at least one motion sensor, and preferably with two motion sensors, such as the accelerometer and the gyroscope.
- the athlete can move to his final position before the start. Thus, he is supposed to have remained ready until the start of the pistol shot by the starting judge. During this phase of preparation, no other acceleration, only the gravitation of the earth should be seen by the accelerometer. In addition, the gyroscope should also not see a rotation of the body. After firing the starting pistol, the athlete pushes against the support pads 21 for his departure from the race. From this moment, the accelerometer measures acceleration up and forward a and the gyroscope measures a rotation or rotation speed ⁇ , as the athlete moves from a squatting position, where his body is tilted forward approximately 120 ° to an upward (right) position at the time of departure.
- the measurements made by the two sensors are processed in the processing unit and managed directly in said processing unit or transmitted directly to a base station for their processing.
- the wake-up signal of the transponder module can be generated by a transmitter linked to the starting block 20 or directly from the base station on command of the starting judge for example.
- the Figures 3a, 3b and 3c represent the absolute acceleration or along the X and Y axes measured by the accelerometer, the rotational speed and the angle of rotation of the athlete with the transponder module in time after the generation of the starting pistol shot signaling the start of the race.
- the angle of rotation of the figure 3c is the signal integration of the figure 3b and is not useful for detecting the reaction time, but the signal of the figure 3c is used later to determine if there is a true false start.
- a combination of sensor measurements can be used to determine if this is a true athlete's start or only movements prior to the actual start of the race.
- the beginning of an acceleration increase of the athlete at the figure 3a is represented by a vertical line, just like the beginning of a rotation or rotational speed of the upper part of the athlete's body to the figure 3b .
- the angle of rotation is represented at figure 3c to subsequently determine a true false start. What appears most quickly is used as a trigger to determine the athlete's reaction time, in particular after receiving signals from the transponder modules of each athlete initially in the base station.
- the detection of these events in the sensor signals can be performed in the transponder module, which transmits these events or in the base station, if the transponder directly transmits the measurement signals of the sensors.
- the base station also receives the starting signal of the race generated by the shot of the starter's starting pistol.
- the time difference between the start signal and the beginning of the movement defines the reaction time, which must not be less than the time threshold of 0.1 s to validate a good start of the athlete.
- the basic sensing principle described for this invention is relatively similar to what is done by sensors in the starting block, but with the difference that the sensors of the transponder module directly measure the movement of the athlete, while with sensors in the starting block the movement of the athlete is determined indirectly. This can make the determination of the reaction time at the start of the race less accurate with the sensors in the starting block, as this does not detect any type of movement.
- the measurement system for implementing the method for determining the reaction time can detect the start of the acceleration or rotation with a very small threshold and then confirm that it is a real departure, when the angle of rotation increases above a defined threshold as shown in phantom in figure 3c . If the angle remains below the threshold for example below 30 ° angle of rotation, it is contractions or spasms of the athlete before departure, which must be ignored for the determination of the reaction time to departure.
- Flickering can be eliminated from the analysis in a manner very similar to the contractions detected.
- flickering may have no rotation component.
- this should not be used as a trigger to determine a reaction time.
- rotational components in the flicker. In this case, one can have significant acceleration detection and rotational speed. However, the rotation angle does not increase continuously, but will oscillate around 0 °. Thus, if the significant acceleration or rotation is detected, which is not followed by continuously increasing the angle of rotation, this should not be used as a trigger to determine a reaction time and thus a possible false start.
- the transponder module can include several other sensors, such as a temperature sensor for example.
- the transponder module may be disposed in other parts of the athlete's body for a sporting competition other than athletics for example, where it must be controlled a reaction time at the start of the race.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)
Abstract
Le procédé permet de mesurer un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course avec un module à transpondeur (1) personnalisé et placé sur l'athlète et une station de base (10). Le module comprend une unité de réception (3), une unité de traitement (4), une unité de transmission (5) de signaux de données et un capteur de mouvement (7, 8) pour fournir des signaux de mesure à l'unité de traitement. Le module est activé par un signal de réveil reçu et une mesure du mouvement est effectuée par le capteur au départ de la course. Les signaux de données sont transmis à la station de base et une détermination du temps de réaction de l'athlète au départ de la course est effectuée pour déterminer un éventuel faux départ, si le temps de réaction est en dessous d'un seuil temporel déterminé suite au signal de départ.The method measures a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race with a transponder module (1) personalized and placed on the athlete and a base station (10). The module comprises a reception unit (3), a processing unit (4), a data signal transmission unit (5) and a motion sensor (7, 8) for providing measurement signals to the unit treatment. The module is activated by a received wake-up signal and a measurement of the movement is made by the sensor at the start of the race. The data signals are transmitted to the base station and a determination of the athlete's reaction time at the start of the race is made to determine a possible false start, if the reaction time is below a determined time threshold. following the start signal.
Description
L'invention concerne un procédé de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course.The invention relates to a method for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race.
L'invention concerne également un système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé.The invention also relates to a system for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race for the implementation of the method.
Dans une compétition sportive comme une course de sprint en athlétisme, chaque athlète part depuis un starting-block. Dans des compétitions de haut niveau, il est nécessaire de mesurer le temps de réaction de chaque athlète au moment du départ depuis le starting-block. Ceci est généralement effectué par des moyens électroniques ou optiques en étant connecté à une station de base pour la détermination de tout faux départ. Selon les règles de ces compétitions d'athlétisme, il est défini qu'un temps de réaction en dessous d'un seuil temporel de 0.1 s doit être considéré comme un faux départ.In a sports competition like a sprint race in athletics, each athlete starts from a starting block. In high level competitions, it is necessary to measure the reaction time of each athlete at the time of departure since the starting block. This is usually done by electronic or optical means by being connected to a base station for determining any false start. According to the rules of these athletics competitions, it is defined that a reaction time below a time threshold of 0.1 s must be considered a false start.
Actuellement, deux technologies sont prévues principalement pour mesurer les temps de réaction des athlètes depuis un starting-block. Une de ces technologies consiste à mesurer la force de l'athlète en appui avec au moins un de ses pieds contre un plot du starting-block comme cela est décrit dans le brevet
Il est encore à noter qu'avec un agencement de capteurs disposés uniquement sur le starting-block, cela ne permet pas de déterminer tout mouvement de l'athlète notamment d'une partie haute du corps susceptible de permettre la détermination d'un faux départ. De plus, il est très difficile de différencier les variations de force plus importantes des athlètes forts sur le starting-block par rapport à un athlète plus faible, tel qu'un junior pour pouvoir juger un faux départ.It should also be noted that with an arrangement of sensors arranged solely on the starting block, this does not make it possible to determine any movement of the athlete, in particular of an upper part of the body that could allow the determination of a false start. . In addition, it is very difficult to differentiate the larger force variations of strong athletes on the starting block compared to a weaker athlete, such as a junior, to judge a false start.
Au moment du signalement par le juge de départ de se préparer au départ, un athlète peut encore bouger jusqu'à prendre appui pour être considéré comme prêt au départ. Tout mouvement survenant avant 0.1 s du départ signalé par un pistolet de départ du juge de départ doit être considéré comme un faux départ. Cela signifie que le mouvement de l'athlète, qui résulte de la perte de contact de la main de l'athlète sur le sol de départ est considéré comme un faux départ après le signalement du pistolet de départ. Par contre, tout mouvement de l'athlète avant la préparation signalée par le juge de départ avec une déconnexion dans le temps du dispositif de mesure, sera considéré comme les préparatifs avant le départ et ne doit pas être considéré comme un faux départ. Dans ce cas de figure, l'athlète peut recevoir uniquement un avertissement disciplinaire.At the time of the starting judge's signal to prepare for the start, an athlete may still move to support to be considered ready for departure. Any movement occurring before 0.1 s of the start signaled by a starting pistol of the starting judge shall be considered a false start. This means that the athlete's movement, which results from the loss of contact of the athlete's hand on the starting floor, is considered a false start after the signaling of the starting pistol. On the other hand, any movement of the athlete before the preparation signaled by the starting judge with a disconnection in time of the measuring device, will be considered as preparations before the departure and should not be considered as a false start. In this case, the athlete may only receive a disciplinary warning.
Il est également connu du brevet
On peut encore citer la demande de brevet
L'invention a donc pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique susmentionné en proposant un procédé de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a method of measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course, qui comprend les caractéristiques définies dans la revendication indépendante 1.For this purpose, the invention relates to a method for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race, which comprises the features defined in independent claim 1.
Des étapes particulières du procédé de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course sont définies dans les revendications dépendantes 2 à 9.Particular steps of the measurement method or determination of a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race are defined in the
Un avantage du procédé de mesure réside dans le fait qu'avec le module à transpondeur placé sur une partie du corps de l'athlète, il est possible de configurer le système de mesure de manière à différencier tout mouvement de l'athlète avant la préparation réelle de départ de la course et de l'instant proprement dit du départ de la course, où il faut juger le temps de réaction. Ceci permet au juge de départ de prendre une bonne décision quant à un faux départ ou non de l'athlète.An advantage of the measurement method is that with the transponder module placed on a part of the athlete's body, it is possible to configure the measurement system so as to differentiate any movement of the athlete before the preparation the actual start of the race and the actual moment of the start of the race, where the reaction time must be judged. This allows the starting judge to make a good decision as to whether or not the athlete has a false start.
Avantageusement, chaque module à transpondeur peut être réveillé au moment de la préparation de départ signalé par le juge de départ et en provenance d'une station de base ou d'un point de départ de course, tel qu'un émetteur d'un starting-block, ou directement à l'instant du coup de pistolet de départ. Dès que le module à transpondeur est réveillé, on peut considérer qu'il est facile de déterminer le temps de réaction de chaque athlète suite au signalement de départ d'un pistolet de départ d'un juge de départ.Advantageously, each transponder module can be awakened at the time of the departure preparation signaled by the starting judge and from a base station or a starting point of race, such as a transmitter of a starting -block, or directly at the instant of the starting pistol shot. As soon as the transponder module is awake, it can be considered that it is easy to determine the reaction time of each athlete following the departure signal of a starting gun of a starting judge.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne aussi un système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de mesure, et qui comprend les caractéristiques définies dans la revendication indépendante 10.To this end, the invention also relates to a system for measuring or determining a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race for the implementation of the measurement method, and which comprises the characteristics defined in the claim independent 10.
Des formes d'exécution particulières du système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course sont définies dans les revendications dépendantes 11 à 13.Particular embodiments of the measurement system or determination of a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race are defined in the
Les buts, avantages et caractéristiques du procédé et système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course selon l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante d'au moins une forme d'exécution non limitative illustrée par les dessins sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 représente schématiquement les principaux éléments d'un système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course selon l'invention, - la
figure 2 représente de manière schématique un athlète, qui est muni d'un module à transpondeur en position de départ sur un starting-block selon l'invention, et - les
figures 3a à 3c représentent des graphes dans le temps de l'accélération de l'athlète au moment du départ, de la vitesse de rotation du haut de son corps portant le module à transpondeur et l'angle de rotation du corps par rapport à un seuil de confirmation de départ.
- the
figure 1 schematically represents the main elements of a measurement system or determination of a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race according to the invention, - the
figure 2 schematically represents an athlete, who is provided with a transponder module in starting position on a starting block according to the invention, and - the
Figures 3a to 3c represent graphs in time of the athlete's acceleration at the time of departure, the rotational speed of the upper body carrying the transponder module and the body rotation angle with respect to a confirmation threshold of departure.
Dans la description suivante, tous les éléments du système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de mesure, qui sont bien connus de l'homme du métier dans ce domaine technique, ne seront relatés que de manière simplifiée.In the following description, all elements of the measuring system or determination of a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race for the implementation of the measuring method, which are well known to those skilled in the art in this technical area, will be reported only in a simplified way.
La
Le module à transpondeur 1 peut être du type actif avec une batterie ou cellule solaire intégrée dans le module ou du type passif en étant alimenté par la réception d'un signal d'interrogation traditionnel.The transponder module 1 may be of the active type with a battery or solar cell integrated in the module or of the passive type being powered by the reception of a traditional interrogation signal.
Le module ou circuit à transpondeur 1 comprend une unité de réception sans fil de signaux 3 pour recevoir par une antenne 2 des signaux de données ou commandes 3 provenant d'une station de base 10 ou d'un émetteur disposé dans un starting-block du système de mesure ou le long d'un tracé de course. De préférence, les signaux reçus par l'antenne 2 liée à l'unité de réception 3 sont des signaux permettant le réveil du module à transpondeur 1, qui est dans un état de repos avant la réception de tels signaux. Ces signaux de réveil sont générés, comme indiqué ci-dessus, par la station de base 10 ou par un émetteur du starting-block ou le long du tracé de course, après le signalement de préparation de départ d'une course d'athlétisme notamment ou directement au moment du coup de pistolet de départ. Le pistolet peut être un pistolet électronique ou à poudre avec un transducteur et peut faire partie aussi du système de mesure.The transponder module or circuit 1 comprises a wireless
Le module à transpondeur 1 comprend encore une unité de traitement 4, qui peut être une machine d'état, un processeur ou un microcontrôleur, pour la gestion de toutes les données ou commandes ou mesures à recevoir ou à transmettre. L'unité de traitement 4 reçoit les données ou commandes mises en forme dans l'unité de réception 3 de manière également à réveiller tous les composants, qui composent le module à transpondeur 1. L'unité de traitement 4 est encore reliée à une unité de transmission de signaux 5 par une antenne 6 à destination de la station de base 10. La station de base 10 peut être un système de chronométrage de la course et comprend une antenne 11 de transmission ou réception de signaux.The transponder module 1 further comprises a
Le module à transpondeur 1 comprend encore au moins un capteur de mouvement 7, 8 lié à l'unité de traitement 4 pour fournir des signaux de mesure en continu ou par intermittence à l'unité de traitement 4 une fois que le module à transpondeur est réveillé. Le module à transpondeur 1 peut comprendre comme capteur de mouvement un accéléromètre 7 et/ou un gyromètre ou gyroscope 8. De préférence, il est prévu un accéléromètre 7 pour mesurer l'accélération d'un athlète au moment du départ de la course et un gyroscope 8 pour déterminer une vitesse de rotation et un angle de rotation de la partie haute du corps de l'athlète de manière à déterminer un temps de réaction au départ d'une course. Les signaux de mesure sont fournis directement à l'unité de traitement 4.The transponder module 1 further comprises at least one motion sensor 7, 8 linked to the
L'accéléromètre 7 utilisé peut être un accéléromètre à un, deux ou trois axes de mesure pour fournir un signal de mesure relatif à une variation de mouvement dudit module ou d'un niveau de vibrations dudit module, telles que des spasmes ou contractions ou tremblotement de l'athlète avant le départ de la course. Le gyroscope 8 peut aussi être un gyroscope à un, deux ou trois axes de mesure et constituer un ensemble de détection avec l'accéléromètre pour fournir un signal de mesure relatif à la vitesse de rotation du haut du corps de l'athlète et l'angle de rotation pour la détermination d'un temps de réaction au départ de la course.The accelerometer 7 used may be an accelerometer with one, two or three measurement axes for providing a measurement signal relating to a movement variation of said module or a vibration level of said module, such as spasms or contractions or flickering. of the athlete before the start of the race. The gyroscope 8 may also be a gyroscope with one, two or three measurement axes and constitute a detection assembly with the accelerometer to provide a measurement signal relating to the speed of rotation of the upper body of the athlete and the rotation angle for determining a reaction time at the start of the race.
Les signaux de mesure de l'accéléromètre 7 et du gyroscope 8 ou d'autres types de capteurs sont échantillonnés par l'unité de traitement 4. Les signaux de mesure peuvent être transmis directement à la station de base 10 en utilisant l'unité de transmission sans fil 5. Toutefois, les signaux de mesure peuvent être améliorés notamment après filtrage et ensuite mémorisés et/ou envoyés par la suite à la station de base 10. Il peut aussi être prévu de traiter les données des différents capteurs et tout événement de détection, tel qu'un saut. Il peut encore être prévu de traiter des caractéristiques de mouvement extraites, telles que la fréquence des pas et transmettre cette information à la station de base 10 en plus des données proprement dites de l'accéléromètre 7 et du gyroscope 8.The measurement signals of the accelerometer 7 and the gyroscope 8 or other types of sensors are sampled by the
Il est encore à noter que les signaux reçus par l'antenne 2 liée à l'unité de réception 3 peuvent être des signaux à basse fréquence de l'ordre de 125 kHz, alors que les signaux transmis par l'antenne 6 liée à l'unité de transmission 5 peuvent être des signaux UHF à fréquence située entre 300 MHz et 3'000 MHz. Toutefois, il peut être concevable d'avoir un module à transpondeur avec une seule antenne de réception et d'émission commutable pour la réception ou l'émission de signaux de données. Dans ce cas de figure, il est préféré avoir une réception d'au moins un signal de réveil et une émission de signaux de données à une fréquence porteuse similaire avec une modulation des données transmises FSK, BPSK, QPSK ou ON-OFF Keying.It should also be noted that the signals received by the
Pour comprendre le procédé de détermination d'un temps de réaction au départ d'une course, la
Après la commande de la préparation du départ par le juge de départ ou starter, l'athlète peut bouger jusqu'à sa position finale avant le départ. Ainsi, il est supposé resté prêt jusqu'au moment du coup de pistolet de départ tiré par le juge de départ. Durant cette phase de préparation, aucune autre accélération, que la gravitation de la terre devrait être vue par l'accéléromètre. De plus, le gyroscope ne devrait également pas voir une rotation du corps. Après le tir du pistolet de départ, l'athlète pousse contre les plots d'appui 21 pour son départ de la course. Dès cet instant, l'accéléromètre mesure une accélération vers le haut et vers l'avant a et le gyroscope mesure une rotation ou vitesse de rotation ω, étant donné que l'athlète bouge d'une position accroupie, où son corps a une inclinaison vers l'avant approximativement de 120° à une position vers le haut (droite) au moment du départ. Les mesures effectuées par les deux capteurs sont traitées dans l'unité de traitement et gérées directement dans ladite unité de traitement ou transmises directement à une station de base pour leur traitement. Le signal de réveil du module à transpondeur peut être généré par un émetteur lié au starting-block 20 ou directement depuis la station de base sur commande du juge de départ par exemple.After the start or starter has ordered the start preparation, the athlete can move to his final position before the start. Thus, he is supposed to have remained ready until the start of the pistol shot by the starting judge. During this phase of preparation, no other acceleration, only the gravitation of the earth should be seen by the accelerometer. In addition, the gyroscope should also not see a rotation of the body. After firing the starting pistol, the athlete pushes against the
Pour la détermination d'un temps de réaction au moment du départ d'une course, les
On peut ainsi remarquer les signaux des capteurs durant un départ d'un sprint. Une combinaison des mesures des capteurs peut servir à déterminer s'il s'agit d'un véritable départ de l'athlète ou uniquement de mouvements précédents le départ réel de la course. Le début d'une augmentation d'accélération de l'athlète à la
La détection de ces événements dans les signaux des capteurs peut être réalisée dans le module à transpondeur, qui transmet ces événements ou dans la station de base, si le transpondeur transmet directement les signaux de mesure des capteurs. La station de base reçoit aussi le signal de départ de la course généré par le coup du pistolet de départ du juge de départ. La différence de temps entre le signal de départ et le début du mouvement définit le temps de réaction, qui ne doit pas être inférieur au seuil temporel de 0.1 s pour valider un bon départ de l'athlète. En général, le principe de détection de base décrit pour cette invention est relativement similaire, à ce qui est fait par des capteurs disposés dans le starting-block, mais avec la différence, que les capteurs du module à transpondeur mesurent directement le mouvement de l'athlète, alors qu'avec des capteurs disposés dans le starting-block le mouvement de l'athlète est déterminé de manière indirecte. Ceci peut rendre la détermination du temps de réaction au départ de la course moins précise avec les capteurs dans le starting-block, car cela ne permet pas de détecter tout type de mouvement.The detection of these events in the sensor signals can be performed in the transponder module, which transmits these events or in the base station, if the transponder directly transmits the measurement signals of the sensors. The base station also receives the starting signal of the race generated by the shot of the starter's starting pistol. The time difference between the start signal and the beginning of the movement defines the reaction time, which must not be less than the time threshold of 0.1 s to validate a good start of the athlete. In general, the basic sensing principle described for this invention is relatively similar to what is done by sensors in the starting block, but with the difference that the sensors of the transponder module directly measure the movement of the athlete, while with sensors in the starting block the movement of the athlete is determined indirectly. This can make the determination of the reaction time at the start of the race less accurate with the sensors in the starting block, as this does not detect any type of movement.
Avec le procédé de détermination du temps de réaction au départ d'une course, il doit encore être tenu compte de l'effet des spasmes ou contractions, du tremblotement et du départ de l'athlète. Un grand problème de la solution du starting-block standard est que les contractions des athlètes forts causent plus de variations de force sur le starting-block qu'un départ d'un athlète junior. Ainsi les contractions mènent quelques fois à des temps de réaction, qui se déclenchent de manière erronée lors de la détection de faux départ. Bien qu'un athlète peut obtenir un avertissement disciplinaire pour les contractions par le juge de départ, ce n'est pas considéré comme un faux départ. Uniquement le mouvement, qui résulte de la perte de contact des mains de l'athlète depuis le sol devrait être considéré pour le temps de réaction.With the method of determining the reaction time at the start of a race, the effect of the athlete's spasms or contractions, trembling and departure must still be taken into account. A big problem with the standard starting-block solution is that the contractions of strong athletes cause more variations of strength on the starting block than a junior athlete's departure. Thus the contractions sometimes lead to reaction times, which are triggered erroneously during the false start detection. Although an athlete may obtain a disciplinary warning for contractions by the starting judge, this is not considered a false start. Only the movement resulting from the loss of contact of the athlete's hands from the ground should be considered for the reaction time.
En utilisant l'accélération du capteur de mouvement, tel que l'accéléromètre, cela peut mener à un même problème, que la mesure effectuée dans le starting-block. La gamme d'accélération entre les athlètes peut être très grande. D'autre part avec l'utilisation en plus d'un gyroscope dans le module à transpondeur, cela permet d'avoir une indication certaine de la rotation de la partie supérieure du corps de l'athlète au moment du départ. Ceci permet de pouvoir juger de la même manière un athlète élite et un athlète junior sans tenir compte de la gamme de forces ou accélération de chaque athlète sur le starting-block.By using the acceleration of the motion sensor, such as the accelerometer, this can lead to the same problem, as the measurement done in the starting block. The range of acceleration between athletes can be very large. On the other hand with the use in addition to a gyroscope in the transponder module, this allows to have a certain indication of the rotation of the upper part of the body of the athlete at the time of departure. This makes it possible to judge in the same way an elite athlete and a junior athlete regardless of the range of forces or acceleration of each athlete on the starting block.
Bien que l'inclinaison de la partie supérieure du corps dans la position accroupie et l'inclinaison du corps suite aux premiers pas de l'athlète ou aux premières foulées peut varier entre des athlètes, il peut être conclu qu'après une rotation du corps d'environ 30°, l'athlète part réellement. Le départ peut également être confirmé avec ses mains, qui quittent le contact du sol au départ. En intégrant la vitesse de rotation en
Ainsi, le système de mesure pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de détermination du temps de réaction peut détecter le départ de l'accélération ou rotation avec un très faible seuil et ensuite confirmer, qu'il s'agit d'un départ réel, lorsque l'angle de rotation augmente au-dessus d'un seuil défini comme montré en traits interrompus en
Le tremblotement peut être éliminé de l'analyse d'une manière très similaire aux contractions détectées. Il y a donc deux cas à considérer. Premièrement le tremblotement peut n'avoir aucune composante de rotation. Ainsi, si une accélération significative est détectée, qui n'est pas suivie directement par une rotation significative, alors cela ne doit pas être utilisé comme un déclencheur pour déterminer un temps de réaction. Deuxièmement, il peut y avoir des composantes de rotation dans le tremblotement. Dans ce cas, on peut avoir une détection d'accélération significative et la vitesse de rotation. Cependant, l'angle de rotation n'augmente pas continument, mais oscillera autour de 0°. Ainsi, si l'accélération significative ou la rotation est détectée, qui n'est pas suivie par une augmentation continue de l'angle de rotation, cela ne doit pas être utilisé comme un déclencheur pour déterminer un temps de réaction et ainsi un éventuel faux départ.Flickering can be eliminated from the analysis in a manner very similar to the contractions detected. There are two cases to consider. Firstly, flickering may have no rotation component. Thus, if a significant acceleration is detected, which is not followed directly by a significant rotation, then this should not be used as a trigger to determine a reaction time. Second, there may be rotational components in the flicker. In this case, one can have significant acceleration detection and rotational speed. However, the rotation angle does not increase continuously, but will oscillate around 0 °. Thus, if the significant acceleration or rotation is detected, which is not followed by continuously increasing the angle of rotation, this should not be used as a trigger to determine a reaction time and thus a possible false start.
A partir de la description qui vient d'être faite, plusieurs variantes du procédé et système de mesure ou détermination d'un temps de réaction d'un athlète au départ d'une course peuvent être conçues par l'homme du métier sans sortir du cadre de l'invention définie par les revendications. Le module à transpondeur peut comprendre plusieurs autres capteurs, tels qu'un capteur de température par exemple. Le module à transpondeur peut être disposé en d'autres endroits du corps de l'athlète pour une compétition sportive autre que l'athlétisme par exemple, où il doit être contrôlé un temps de réaction au départ de la course.From the description that has just been given, several variants of the method and measurement system or determination of a reaction time of an athlete at the start of a race can be designed by those skilled in the art without leaving the the scope of the invention defined by the claims. The transponder module can include several other sensors, such as a temperature sensor for example. The transponder module may be disposed in other parts of the athlete's body for a sporting competition other than athletics for example, where it must be controlled a reaction time at the start of the race.
Claims (13)
le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des étapes de :
the method being characterized in that it comprises steps of:
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EP15183711.9A EP3139348B1 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2015-09-03 | Method and system for measuring reaction time at the start of a race |
US15/251,463 US10653935B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2016-08-30 | Process and system for measuring a reaction time at the start of a race |
JP2016168991A JP6280602B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2016-08-31 | Method and system for measuring reaction time at the start of a race |
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JP2017047205A (en) | 2017-03-09 |
EP3139348B1 (en) | 2020-12-16 |
US20170065871A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
JP6280602B2 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
US10653935B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 |
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