EP3134676B1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3134676B1
EP3134676B1 EP16700316.9A EP16700316A EP3134676B1 EP 3134676 B1 EP3134676 B1 EP 3134676B1 EP 16700316 A EP16700316 A EP 16700316A EP 3134676 B1 EP3134676 B1 EP 3134676B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
gas
distribution box
gas distribution
protective
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EP16700316.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3134676A1 (en
Inventor
Tobias Kern
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Mokesys AG
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Mokesys AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/107—Protection of water tubes
    • F22B37/108—Protection of water tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G3/00—Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof
    • F22G3/008—Protection of superheater elements, e.g. cooling superheater tubes during starting-up periods, water tube screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/002—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using inserts or attachments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/027—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes
    • F28F9/0275—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of distribution pipes with multiple branch pipes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • Heat exchangers with a plurality of heat exchanger tubes extending in parallel over a predetermined length range are typically used in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, where they are usually suspended in one or more passes of the incineration plant and serve to cool the flue gases. The energy gained is usually used to generate steam or steam overheating.
  • a generic heat exchanger for incinerators is in the EP 2 754 961 A2 described.
  • the air supply or more generally the supply of inert gas takes place in a space between the heat exchanger tubes and their protective cover by special gas pipes, which extend substantially parallel to the heat exchanger tubes.
  • the ceramic or preferably metal existing gas pipes have at least one outlet opening, preferably a plurality of distributed over its length arranged outlet openings, through which the air or the inert gas at the desired locations along the heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchanger in the space between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective cover exits.
  • EP0981015A1 discloses a heat exchanger according to the prior art.
  • a heat exchanger of the generic type is to be simplified and improved with respect to the protective gas.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention for an interior of an incineration plant comprises a plurality of heat exchanger tubes extending in parallel over a predetermined length range, which are surrounded overall by a refractory protective covering over this length range. At least one intermediate space is formed between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective shroud, and the heat exchanger includes gas supply means for supplying a shielding gas into the at least one space.
  • the heat exchanger tubes together with them mechanically connecting webs form a tube wall.
  • the at least one intermediate space between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective covering is formed on both sides of the tube wall.
  • the gas supply means comprise a gas distribution box, which has at least one gas inlet opening for the protective gas and a plurality of gas outlet openings, which open into the at least one intermediate space between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective lining.
  • the supply of inert gas by means of a gas distribution box is particularly advantageous and advantageous in terms of design.
  • the gas outlet openings preferably open out on both sides of the tube wall into the at least one intermediate space. This leads on both sides of the pipe wall to a good ventilation.
  • the gas distribution box consists essentially of a refractory material, preferably ceramic material.
  • the gas distribution box is made of steel. Such a gas distribution box is relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture and assemble.
  • the gas distribution box is arranged with respect to the installation position of the heat exchanger at the lower end of the protective cover. This allows optimal ventilation with a protective gas flow from bottom to top can be achieved.
  • the protective cover comprises a plurality of side by side and one above the other and fixed to the pipe wall plate elements.
  • the plate elements of the protective cover are supported on the gas distribution box.
  • the gas distribution box thus has a mechanical support function in addition to its protective gas distribution function.
  • a plurality of the heat exchanger tubes preferably all heat exchanger tubes, passed through the gas distribution box.
  • the outer cross-sectional dimensions of the gas distribution box substantially coincide with the outer cross-sectional dimensions of the protective casing.
  • the heat exchanger designated as a whole by 100 essentially has the shape of a wall which is relatively thin in relation to its width B and height H (thickness D, Fig. 3 ). Due to this shape, the heat exchanger is also referred to as bulkhead.
  • the heat exchanger 100 comprises a metallic tube wall 10 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) and a pipe wall 10 around all four sides surrounding protective cover 20 made of a refractory material, preferably a ceramic material.
  • the protective covering 20 is arranged at a distance of 1-5 mm, preferably 1-3 mm, to the tube wall 10, so that between the tube wall 10 and the protective covering 20 on both sides a gap 30 remains free (see Fig. 3 ).
  • a gas distribution box 40 is arranged, the outer cross-sectional dimensions substantially coincide with those of the protective cover 20 so that the gas distribution box 40 externally forms an extension of the protective cover 20 as it were.
  • the gas distribution box 40 is made of metal or preferably also of a refractory ceramic material.
  • the tube wall 10 in the interior of the heat exchanger 100 comprises a plurality of substantially parallel heat exchanger tubes 11, which are mechanically connected in pairs by a respective web 12 ( Figures 2 and 3 ).
  • the protective cover 20 is composed of a plurality of juxtaposed and stacked and fixed to the tube wall 10 refractory plate elements 21, wherein the joints between adjacent plate elements are filled with a sealing material 22.
  • the bottom row of the plate elements 21 is supported on the gas distribution box 40 via a sealing material 23.
  • the plate elements 21 are fastened to plate holders 27, which are welded to the webs 12 of the tube wall 10.
  • the plate holders 27 engage in vertically continuous, unspecified grooves of the plate elements 21 a.
  • the Plate elements 21 are provided with support bridges 28, with which they sit on the plate mounts.
  • the existing of the heat exchanger tubes 11 and connecting webs 12 tube wall 10 is sealed by the gas distribution box 40.
  • the terminal ends of the heat exchanger tubes 11 projecting at the bottom of the gas distribution box 40 are designated 11a.
  • the heat exchanger 100 is connected via these connection ends 11a to a line system LS for the supply and / or removal of heat exchange medium (usually water) ( Fig. 9 ).
  • the Fig. 4 shows the heat exchanger 100 partially in perspective view.
  • the gas distribution box 40 is expediently composed of two parts which embrace the heat exchanger tubes 11 like a comb.
  • the gas distribution box 40 is therefore also referred to as a comb box.
  • the gas distribution box 40 serves to introduce protective gas or so-called sealing gas into the interspaces 30 of the heat exchanger 100.
  • the protective or sealing gas in use under slight overpressure is intended to prevent flue gas from penetrating into the interior of the heat exchanger due to unavoidable cracks or other leaks. Normally air is used as the protective or sealing gas.
  • the gas distribution box 40 is provided on its underside with a plurality of gas inlet openings 41 and on its upper side with a plurality of gas outlet openings 42.
  • the gas outlet openings 42 open directly into the intermediate space 30 on both sides of the tube wall 10 and are distributed over the width B of the heat exchanger 100.
  • the gas outlet openings 42 can also be formed as longitudinal slots.
  • the gas inlet openings 41 are distributed over the width B of the heat exchanger 100.
  • gas supply pipes 43 opening into the gas inlet openings 41 are provided on the underside of the gas distribution box 40.
  • the heat exchanger 100 or the gas distribution box 40 is connected via these gas supply pipes 43 and a corresponding line system to a barrier gas or compressed air source.
  • FIGS 5-8 show a slightly modified second embodiment of the inventive heat exchanger, the differences are essentially only in the supply of the sealing gas in the gas distribution box and the consequent formation of the latter.
  • the unchanged compared to the first embodiment components of the heat exchanger are therefore provided with the same reference numerals as in the embodiment of Figures 1-4 ,
  • the heat exchanger of this embodiment is designated as a whole by 100 ', the associated gas distribution box by 40', the gas inlet openings by 41 'and the gas outlet openings by 42'.
  • the heat exchanger tubes 11 laterally staggered gas supply pipes 43 are provided in this embodiment, two gas supply pipes 43 ', which are each aligned with a heat exchanger tube 11, wherein the respective heat exchanger tube 11 is closed at its lower end and not through the gas distribution box 40' performed ( Figures 5 . 7 and 8th ).
  • this relates to the two souptäussersten heat exchanger tubes 11, which therefore, in contrast to the other heat exchanger tubes 11 on the underside of the gas distribution box 40 'protruding terminal ends 11a.
  • the two gas supply pipes 43 'could also be provided over the width of the heat exchanger distributed distributed gas supply pipes, in which case the corresponding number of terminal ends 11a would be omitted.
  • the Fig. 8 shows the heat exchanger 100 'partially in perspective view.
  • Fig. 9 schematically shows the arrangement of a heat exchanger 100 according to the invention in a flue Z of a combustion plant VA.
  • a piping system for Supply of inert gas and removal of heat exchange medium is designated LS1
  • a conduit system for supplying heat exchange medium is designated LS2.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger 100 in the flue Z is such that the heat exchanger is flown by flue gas from all four sides, that is, from its two opposite flat sides and the narrow sides between them.
  • a heat exchanger assembly consisting of a plurality of heat exchangers is normally used in the incinerator.
  • Fig. 10 shows such a heat exchanger assembly 1000, which is composed of a plurality of parallel juxtaposed heat exchangers 100 according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmetauscher gemäss dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

Wärmetauscher mit mehreren über einen vorgegebenen Längenbereich parallel verlaufenden Wärmetauscherrohren werden typischerweise in Verbrennungsanlagen, insbesondere Kehricht- bzw. Müllverbrennungsanlagen, eingesetzt, wo sie in einem oder mehreren Zügen der Verbrennungsanlage meist frei hängend angeordnet sind und zur Kühlung der Rauchgase dienen. Die dabei gewonnene Energie wird üblicherweise zur Dampferzeugung bzw. Dampfüberhitzung ausgenutzt.Heat exchangers with a plurality of heat exchanger tubes extending in parallel over a predetermined length range are typically used in incineration plants, in particular waste incineration plants, where they are usually suspended in one or more passes of the incineration plant and serve to cool the flue gases. The energy gained is usually used to generate steam or steam overheating.

Ein gattungsgemässer Wärmetauscher für Verbrennungsanlagen ist in der EP 2 754 961 A2 beschrieben. Bei diesem sogenannten hinterlüfteten Wärmetauscher erfolgt die Luftzufuhr bzw. allgemeiner die Zufuhr von Schutzgas in einen Zwischenraum zwischen den Wärmetauscherrohren und deren Schutzverkleidung durch spezielle Gasrohre, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Wärmetauscherrohren verlaufen. Die aus Keramik oder vorzugsweise Metall bestehenden Gasrohre weisen mindestens eine Austrittsöffnung, vorzugsweise mehrere über ihre Länge verteilt angeordnete Austrittsöffnungen, auf, durch welche die Luft bzw. das Schutzgas an der oder den gewünschten Stellen entlang der Wärmetauscherrohre des Wärmetauschers in den Zwischenraum zwischen den Wärmetauscherrohren und der Schutzverkleidung austritt. Auch EP0981015A1 offenbart ein Wärmetauscher nach dem Stand der Technik.A generic heat exchanger for incinerators is in the EP 2 754 961 A2 described. In this so-called ventilated heat exchanger, the air supply or more generally the supply of inert gas takes place in a space between the heat exchanger tubes and their protective cover by special gas pipes, which extend substantially parallel to the heat exchanger tubes. The ceramic or preferably metal existing gas pipes have at least one outlet opening, preferably a plurality of distributed over its length arranged outlet openings, through which the air or the inert gas at the desired locations along the heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchanger in the space between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective cover exits. Also EP0981015A1 discloses a heat exchanger according to the prior art.

Die Luft- bzw. Gaszufuhr in den Zwischenraum mittels spezieller Gasrohre ist konstruktiv relativ aufwändig. Ausserdem ist es mit dieser Technologie praktisch kaum möglich, bestehende Wärmetauscher ohne Hinterlüftung nachträglich mit einer Hinterlüftung auszurüsten.The air or gas supply into the gap by means of special gas pipes is structurally relatively complex. Moreover, it is virtually impossible with this technology to retrofit existing heat exchangers without rear ventilation with a rear ventilation.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll daher ein Wärmetauscher der gattungsgemässen Art hinsichtlich der Schutzgaszufuhr vereinfacht und verbessert werden.By the present invention, therefore, a heat exchanger of the generic type is to be simplified and improved with respect to the protective gas.

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch einen Wärmetauscher gelöst, wie er durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 spezifiziert ist, bzw. durch eine Verbrennungsanlage mit einem solchen Wärmetauscher gemäss dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch 10. Weitere vorteilhafte Aspekte ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der abhängigen Patentansprüche.The object underlying the invention is achieved according to the invention by a heat exchanger, as specified by the features of independent claim 1, or by an incinerator with such a heat exchanger according to independent claim 10. Further advantageous aspects emerge from the features of the dependent claims ,

Der erfindungsgemässe Wärmetauscher für einen Innenraum einer Verbrennungsanlage umfasst mehrere über einen vorgegebenen Längenbereich parallel verlaufende Wärmetauscherrohre, die über diesen Längenbereich insgesamt von einer feuerfesten Schutzverkleidung umgeben sind. Zwischen den Wärmetauscherrohren und der Schutzverkleidung ist mindestens ein Zwischenraum ausgebildet und der Wärmetauscher umfasst Gaszufuhrmittel zum Zuführen eines Schutzgases in den mindestens einen Zwischenraum. Die Wärmetauscherrohre bilden zusammen mit sie mechanisch verbindenden Stegen eine Rohrwand. Der mindestens eine Zwischenraum zwischen den Wärmetauscherrohren und der Schutzverkleidung ist beidseits der Rohrwand ausgebildet. Die Gaszufuhrmittel umfassen einen Gasverteilkasten, welcher mindestens eine Gaseinlassöffnung für das Schutzgas und eine Mehrzahl von Gasauslassöffnungen aufweist, welche in den mindestens einen Zwischenraum zwischen den Wärmetauscherrohren und der Schutzverkleidung ausmünden.The heat exchanger according to the invention for an interior of an incineration plant comprises a plurality of heat exchanger tubes extending in parallel over a predetermined length range, which are surrounded overall by a refractory protective covering over this length range. At least one intermediate space is formed between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective shroud, and the heat exchanger includes gas supply means for supplying a shielding gas into the at least one space. The heat exchanger tubes together with them mechanically connecting webs form a tube wall. The at least one intermediate space between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective covering is formed on both sides of the tube wall. The gas supply means comprise a gas distribution box, which has at least one gas inlet opening for the protective gas and a plurality of gas outlet openings, which open into the at least one intermediate space between the heat exchanger tubes and the protective lining.

Die Zufuhr von Schutzgas mittels eines Gasverteilkastens ist in konstruktiver Hinsicht besonders zweckmässig und vorteilhaft.The supply of inert gas by means of a gas distribution box is particularly advantageous and advantageous in terms of design.

Vorzugsweise münden die Gasauslassöffnungen zu beiden Seiten der Rohrwand in den mindestens einen Zwischenraum aus. Dies führt beidseits der Rohrwand zu einer guten Hinterlüftung.The gas outlet openings preferably open out on both sides of the tube wall into the at least one intermediate space. This leads on both sides of the pipe wall to a good ventilation.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante besteht der Gasverteilkasten im Wesentlichen aus einem feuerfesten Material, vorzugsweise Keramikmaterial.In an advantageous embodiment, the gas distribution box consists essentially of a refractory material, preferably ceramic material.

Bei einer alternativen vorteilhaften Ausführungsvariante besteht der Gasverteilkasten aus Stahl. Ein solcher Gasverteilkasten ist relativ kostengünstig und einfach herzustellen und zu montieren.In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the gas distribution box is made of steel. Such a gas distribution box is relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture and assemble.

Mit Vorteil ist der Gasverteilkasten bezüglich der Einbaulage des Wärmetauschers am unteren Ende der Schutzverkleidung angeordnet. Dadurch kann eine optimale Hinterlüftung mit einem Schutzgasstrom von unten nach oben erreicht werden.Advantageously, the gas distribution box is arranged with respect to the installation position of the heat exchanger at the lower end of the protective cover. This allows optimal ventilation with a protective gas flow from bottom to top can be achieved.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Schutzverkleidung eine Vielzahl von neben- und übereinander angeordneten und an der Rohrwand befestigten Plattenelementen.Preferably, the protective cover comprises a plurality of side by side and one above the other and fixed to the pipe wall plate elements.

Vorteilhafterweise stützen sich zumindest einige der Plattenelemente der Schutzverkleidung auf dem Gasverteilkasten ab. Der Gasverteilkasten hat so neben seiner Schutzgasverteilfunktion auch eine mechanische Stützfunktion.Advantageously, at least some of the plate elements of the protective cover are supported on the gas distribution box. The gas distribution box thus has a mechanical support function in addition to its protective gas distribution function.

Zweckmässigerweise sind eine Vielzahl der Wärmetauscherrohre, vorzugsweise alle Wärmetauscherrohre, durch den Gasverteilkasten hindurchgeführt.Conveniently, a plurality of the heat exchanger tubes, preferably all heat exchanger tubes, passed through the gas distribution box.

Vorteilhafterweise stimmen in einer zur Längsrichtung der Wärmetauscherrohre senkrechten Ebene die äusseren Querschnittsabmessungen des Gasverteilkastens im Wesentlichen mit den äusseren Querschnittsabmessungen der Schutzverkleidung überein.Advantageously, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger tubes, the outer cross-sectional dimensions of the gas distribution box substantially coincide with the outer cross-sectional dimensions of the protective casing.

Weitere vorteilhafte Aspekte ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen des erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschers mit Hilfe der Zeichnungen. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
- eine Seitenansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschers;
Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch den Wärmetauscher gemäss der Linie II-II der Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 -
einen Schnitt durch einen unteren Teil des Wärmetauschers gemäss der Linie III-III der Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 -
eine perspektivische Teilansicht des Wärmetauschers der Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 -
eine Seitenansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschers;
Fig. 6 -
einen Schnitt durch den Wärmetauscher der Fig. 5 gemäss der Linie VI-VI der Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 -
einen Schnitt durch einen unteren Teil des Wärmetauschers der Fig. 5 gemäss der Linie VII-VII der Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 -
eine perspektivische Teilansicht des Wärmetauschers der Fig. 5;
Fig. 9 -
eine schematisierte Schnittansicht einer Verbrennungsanlage mit einem darin angeordneten erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauscher und
Fig. 10-
eine Perspektivansicht einer aus mehreren Wärmetauschern bestehenden Wärmetauscheranordnung.
Further advantageous aspects will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the inventive heat exchanger with the aid of the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
- A side view of a first embodiment of the inventive heat exchanger;
Fig. 2
- A section through the heat exchanger according to the line II-II of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3 -
a section through a lower part of the heat exchanger according to the line III-III of Fig. 2 ;
Fig. 4 -
a partial perspective view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 5 -
a side view of a second embodiment of the inventive heat exchanger;
Fig. 6 -
a section through the heat exchanger of Fig. 5 according to the VI-VI line Fig. 5 ;
Fig. 7 -
a section through a lower part of the heat exchanger of Fig. 5 according to the line VII-VII of Fig. 6 ;
Fig. 8 -
a partial perspective view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 5 ;
Fig. 9 -
a schematic sectional view of a combustion plant with a heat exchanger according to the invention arranged therein and
Fig. 10
a perspective view of a consisting of a plurality of heat exchangers heat exchanger assembly.

Für die nachstehende Beschreibung gilt die folgende Festlegung: Sind in einer Figur zum Zweck zeichnerischer Eindeutigkeit Bezugszeichen angegeben, aber im unmittelbar zugehörigen Beschreibungsteil nicht erwähnt, so wird auf deren Erläuterung in vorangehenden oder nachfolgenden Beschreibungsteilen verwiesen. Umgekehrt sind zur Vermeidung zeichnerischer Überladung für das unmittelbare Verständnis weniger relevante Bezugszeichen nicht in allen Figuren eingetragen. Hierzu wird auf die jeweils übrigen Figuren verwiesen. Die im Folgenden verwendeten Abmessungs- und Lageangaben wie oben, unten, seitlich, Länge bzw. Höhe, Breite und Dicke bzw. Tiefe beziehen sich auf die allgemein übliche, im Wesentlichen vertikale Einbauposition des Wärmetauschers in der Verbrennungsanlage.The following definition applies to the following description: If reference signs have been given in a figure for the purpose of clarity of drawing, but are not mentioned in the directly related part of the description, reference is made to their explanation in the preceding or following parts of the description. Conversely, less relevant reference numerals are not included in all figures to avoid overcharging graphic for the immediate understanding. For this purpose, reference is made to the other figures. The dimensions and position information used below, such as top, bottom, side, length or height, width and thickness or depth refer to the usual, substantially vertical installation position of the heat exchanger in the incinerator.

Wie aus den Figuren 1-4 hervorgeht, hat der als Ganzer mit 100 bezeichnete Wärmetauscher im Wesentlichen die Gestalt einer im Verhältnis zu seiner Breite B und Höhe H relativ dünnen Wand (Dicke D, Fig. 3). Aufgrund dieser Gestalt wird der Wärmetauscher auch als Schott bezeichnet.Like from the Figures 1-4 shows that the heat exchanger designated as a whole by 100 essentially has the shape of a wall which is relatively thin in relation to its width B and height H (thickness D, Fig. 3 ). Due to this shape, the heat exchanger is also referred to as bulkhead.

Der Wärmetauscher 100 umfasst eine metallische Rohrwand 10 (Fig. 2) und eine die Rohrwand 10 um alle vier Seiten herum umgebende Schutzverkleidung 20 aus einem feuerfesten Material, vorzugsweise einem Keramik-Material. Die Schutzverkleidung 20 ist in einem Abstand von 1-5 mm, vorzugsweise 1-3 mm, zur Rohrwand 10 angeordnet, so dass zwischen der Rohrwand 10 und der Schutzverkleidung 20 beidseits ein Zwischenraum 30 frei bleibt (siehe Fig. 3). Am in Einbaulage des Wärmetauschers 100 unteren Ende der Rohrwand 10 bzw. der Schutzverkleidung 20 ist ein Gasverteilkasten 40 angeordnet, dessen äussere Querschnittsabmessungen im Wesentlichen mit denen der Schutzverkleidung 20 übereinstimmen, so dass der Gasverteilkasten 40 äusserlich gewissermassen eine Verlängerung der Schutzverkleidung 20 bildet. Der Gasverteilkasten 40 besteht aus Metall oder vorzugsweise ebenfalls aus einem feuerfesten Keramikmaterial.The heat exchanger 100 comprises a metallic tube wall 10 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) and a pipe wall 10 around all four sides surrounding protective cover 20 made of a refractory material, preferably a ceramic material. The protective covering 20 is arranged at a distance of 1-5 mm, preferably 1-3 mm, to the tube wall 10, so that between the tube wall 10 and the protective covering 20 on both sides a gap 30 remains free (see Fig. 3 ). At the installation position of the heat exchanger 100 lower end of the tube wall 10 and the protective cover 20, a gas distribution box 40 is arranged, the outer cross-sectional dimensions substantially coincide with those of the protective cover 20 so that the gas distribution box 40 externally forms an extension of the protective cover 20 as it were. The gas distribution box 40 is made of metal or preferably also of a refractory ceramic material.

Die Rohrwand 10 im Inneren des Wärmetauschers 100 umfasst eine Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen parallel verlaufenden Wärmetauscherrohren 11, die paarweise durch je einen Steg 12 mechanisch verbunden sind (Figuren 2 und 3).The tube wall 10 in the interior of the heat exchanger 100 comprises a plurality of substantially parallel heat exchanger tubes 11, which are mechanically connected in pairs by a respective web 12 ( Figures 2 and 3 ).

Die Schutzverkleidung 20 ist aus einer Vielzahl von neben- und übereinander angeordneten und an der Rohrwand 10 befestigten feuerfesten Plattenelementen 21 zusammengesetzt, wobei die Fugen zwischen benachbarten Plattenelementen mit einem Dichtmaterial 22 gefüllt sind. Die unterste Reihe der Plattenelemente 21 stützt sich über ein Dichtmaterial 23 auf dem Gasverteilkasten 40 ab.The protective cover 20 is composed of a plurality of juxtaposed and stacked and fixed to the tube wall 10 refractory plate elements 21, wherein the joints between adjacent plate elements are filled with a sealing material 22. The bottom row of the plate elements 21 is supported on the gas distribution box 40 via a sealing material 23.

Die Plattenelemente 21 sind an Plattenhalterungen 27 befestigt, welche an den Stegen 12 der Rohrwand 10 angeschweisst sind. Die Plattenhalterungen 27 greifen in vertikal durchgehende, nicht näher bezeichnete Nuten der Plattenelemente 21 ein. Die Plattenelemente 21 sind mit Stützbrücken 28 versehen, mit welchen sie auf den Plattenhalterungen aufsitzen.The plate elements 21 are fastened to plate holders 27, which are welded to the webs 12 of the tube wall 10. The plate holders 27 engage in vertically continuous, unspecified grooves of the plate elements 21 a. The Plate elements 21 are provided with support bridges 28, with which they sit on the plate mounts.

Die aus den Wärmetauscherrohren 11 und den sie verbindenden Stegen 12 bestehende Rohrwand 10 ist dicht durch den Gasverteilkasten 40 hindurchgeführt. Die an der Unterseite des Gasverteilkastens 40 herausragenden Anschlussenden der Wärmetauscherrohre 11 sind mit 11a bezeichnet. Im praktischen Einsatz ist der Wärmetauscher 100 über diese Anschlussenden 11a an ein Leitungssystem LS zur Zu- und/oder Abfuhr von Wärmetauschmedium (üblicherweise Wasser) angeschlossen (Fig. 9).The existing of the heat exchanger tubes 11 and connecting webs 12 tube wall 10 is sealed by the gas distribution box 40. The terminal ends of the heat exchanger tubes 11 projecting at the bottom of the gas distribution box 40 are designated 11a. In practical use, the heat exchanger 100 is connected via these connection ends 11a to a line system LS for the supply and / or removal of heat exchange medium (usually water) ( Fig. 9 ).

Die Fig. 4 zeigt den Wärmetauscher 100 partiell in perspektivischer Ansicht.The Fig. 4 shows the heat exchanger 100 partially in perspective view.

Der Gasverteilkasten 40 ist zweckmässigerweise aus zwei Teilen zusammengesetzt, welche die Wärmetauscherrohre 11 kammartig umgreifen. Der Gasverteilkasten 40 wird deshalb auch als Kammkasten bezeichnet.The gas distribution box 40 is expediently composed of two parts which embrace the heat exchanger tubes 11 like a comb. The gas distribution box 40 is therefore also referred to as a comb box.

Der Gasverteilkasten 40 dient zur Einleitung von Schutzgas oder sogenanntem Sperrgas in die Zwischenräume 30 des Wärmetauschers 100. Das im Einsatz unter geringem Überdruck stehende Schutz- bzw. Sperrgas soll verhindern, dass durch unvermeidliche Ritzen oder andere Undichtigkeiten Rauchgas in den Innenraum des Wärmetauschers eindringen kann. Als Schutz- bzw. Sperrgas wird normalerweise Luft eingesetzt.The gas distribution box 40 serves to introduce protective gas or so-called sealing gas into the interspaces 30 of the heat exchanger 100. The protective or sealing gas in use under slight overpressure is intended to prevent flue gas from penetrating into the interior of the heat exchanger due to unavoidable cracks or other leaks. Normally air is used as the protective or sealing gas.

Der Gasverteilkasten 40 ist an seiner Unterseite mit einer Mehrzahl von Gaseinlassöffnungen 41 und an seiner Oberseite mit einer Mehrzahl von Gasauslassöffnungen 42 ausgestattet. Die Gasauslassöffnungen 42 münden direkt in den Zwischenraum 30 beidseits der Rohrwand 10 und sind über die Breite B des Wärmetauschers 100 verteilt angeordnet. Die Gasauslassöffnungen 42 können auch als Längsschlitze ausgebildet sein. Auch die Gaseinlassöffnungen 41 sind über die Breite B des Wärmetauschers 100 verteilt angeordnet.The gas distribution box 40 is provided on its underside with a plurality of gas inlet openings 41 and on its upper side with a plurality of gas outlet openings 42. The gas outlet openings 42 open directly into the intermediate space 30 on both sides of the tube wall 10 and are distributed over the width B of the heat exchanger 100. The gas outlet openings 42 can also be formed as longitudinal slots. The gas inlet openings 41 are distributed over the width B of the heat exchanger 100.

An der Unterseite des Gasverteilkastens 40 sind in die Gaseinlassöffnungen 41 ausmündende Gaszufuhrrohre 43 vorgesehen. Im praktischen Einsatz ist der Wärmetauscher 100 bzw. der Gasverteilkasten 40 über diese Gaszufuhrrohre 43 und ein entsprechendes Leitungssystem an eine Sperrgas- bzw. Druckluftquelle angeschlossen.On the underside of the gas distribution box 40, gas supply pipes 43 opening into the gas inlet openings 41 are provided. In practical use, the heat exchanger 100 or the gas distribution box 40 is connected via these gas supply pipes 43 and a corresponding line system to a barrier gas or compressed air source.

Die Figuren 5-8 zeigen ein geringfügig modifiziertes zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschers, wobei die Unterschiede im Wesentlichen lediglich in der Zuführung des Sperrgases in den Gasverteilkasten und der dadurch bedingten Ausbildung des letzteren liegen. Die gegenüber der ersten Ausführungsform unveränderten Komponenten des Wärmetauschers sind daher mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen wie bei der Ausführungsform der Figuren 1-4.The Figures 5-8 show a slightly modified second embodiment of the inventive heat exchanger, the differences are essentially only in the supply of the sealing gas in the gas distribution box and the consequent formation of the latter. The unchanged compared to the first embodiment components of the heat exchanger are therefore provided with the same reference numerals as in the embodiment of Figures 1-4 ,

Der Wärmetauscher dieser Ausführungsform ist als Ganzes mit 100' bezeichnet, der zugehörige Gasverteilkasten mit 40', die Gaseinlassöffnungen mit 41' und die Gasauslassöffnungen mit 42'. Anstelle der beim Ausführungsbeispiel der Figuren 1-4 gegenüber den Wärmetauscherrohren 11 seitlich versetzt angeordneten Gaszufuhrrohre 43 sind bei dieser Ausführungsvariante zwei Gaszufuhrrohre 43' vorgesehen, welche jeweils mit einem Wärmetauscherrohr 11 fluchten, wobei das jeweils betreffende Wärmetauscherrohr 11 an seinem unteren Ende verschlossen und nicht durch den Gasverteilkasten 40' durchgeführt ist (Figuren 5, 7 und 8). Im gezeichneten Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft dies die beiden zweitäussersten Wärmetauscherrohre 11, die daher im Gegensatz zu den anderen Wärmetauscherrohren 11 keine an der Unterseite des Gasverteilkastens 40' herausragenden Anschlussenden 11a aufweisen. Anstelle der zwei Gaszufuhrrohre 43' könnten auch mehrere über die Breite des Wärmetauschers verteilt angeordnete Gaszufuhrrohre vorgesehen sein, wobei dann die entsprechende Anzahl Anschlussenden 11a wegfallen würde.The heat exchanger of this embodiment is designated as a whole by 100 ', the associated gas distribution box by 40', the gas inlet openings by 41 'and the gas outlet openings by 42'. Instead of the embodiment of the Figures 1-4 opposite to the heat exchanger tubes 11 laterally staggered gas supply pipes 43 are provided in this embodiment, two gas supply pipes 43 ', which are each aligned with a heat exchanger tube 11, wherein the respective heat exchanger tube 11 is closed at its lower end and not through the gas distribution box 40' performed ( Figures 5 . 7 and 8th ). In the illustrated embodiment, this relates to the two zweitäussersten heat exchanger tubes 11, which therefore, in contrast to the other heat exchanger tubes 11 on the underside of the gas distribution box 40 'protruding terminal ends 11a. Instead of the two gas supply pipes 43 'could also be provided over the width of the heat exchanger distributed distributed gas supply pipes, in which case the corresponding number of terminal ends 11a would be omitted.

Die Fig. 8 zeigt den Wärmetauscher 100' partiell in perspektivischer Ansicht.The Fig. 8 shows the heat exchanger 100 'partially in perspective view.

Fig. 9 zeigt schematisch die Anordnung eines erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschers 100 in einem Rauchgaszug Z einer Verbrennungsanlage VA. Ein Leitungssystem zur Zufuhr von Schutzgas und Abfuhr von Wärmetauschermedium ist mit LS1 bezeichnet, während ein Leitungssystem zur Zufuhr von Wärmetauschermedium mit LS2 bezeichnet ist. Die Anordnung des Wärmetauschers 100 im Rauchgaszug Z ist so, dass der Wärmetauscher von allen vier Seiten, das heisst von seinen beiden gegenüberliegenden flachen Seiten und den dazwischenliegenden schmalen Seiten, von Rauchgas angeströmt wird. Fig. 9 schematically shows the arrangement of a heat exchanger 100 according to the invention in a flue Z of a combustion plant VA. A piping system for Supply of inert gas and removal of heat exchange medium is designated LS1, while a conduit system for supplying heat exchange medium is designated LS2. The arrangement of the heat exchanger 100 in the flue Z is such that the heat exchanger is flown by flue gas from all four sides, that is, from its two opposite flat sides and the narrow sides between them.

In der Praxis wird normalerweise nicht nur ein einzelner Wärmetauscher, sondern eine aus einer Vielzahl von Wärmetauschern bestehende Wärmetauscheranordnung in der Verbrennungsanlage eingesetzt. Fig. 10 zeigt eine solche Wärmetauscheranordnung 1000, die aus einer Vielzahl von parallel nebeneinander angeordneten erfindungsgemässen Wärmetauschern 100 zusammengesetzt ist.In practice, not only a single heat exchanger, but a heat exchanger assembly consisting of a plurality of heat exchangers is normally used in the incinerator. Fig. 10 shows such a heat exchanger assembly 1000, which is composed of a plurality of parallel juxtaposed heat exchangers 100 according to the invention.

Die Erfindung wurde vorstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert, soll jedoch nicht auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt sein. Vielmehr sind für den Fachmann zahlreiche Modifikationen denkbar, ohne dabei von der Lehre der Erfindung abzuweichen. Der Schutzbereich wird durch die nachstehenden Patentansprüche definiert.The invention has been explained above with reference to embodiments, but should not be limited to these embodiments. Rather, numerous modifications are conceivable for those skilled in the art without departing from the teaching of the invention. The scope of protection is defined by the following claims.

Claims (11)

  1. Heat exchanger (100; 100') for an interior of a combustion plant, having a plurality of heat exchanger pipes (11) running parallel over a predefined length range (H) which are surrounded by a refractory protective lining (20) over this entire length range, wherein at least one intermediate space (30) is formed between the heat exchanger pipes (11) and the protective lining (20) and the heat exchanger has gas supply means for supplying a protective gas into the at least one intermediate space (30), characterised in that the heat exchanger pipes (11) together with webs (12) mechanically connecting them form a pipe wall (10), in that the at least one intermediate space (30) between the heat exchanger pipes (11) and the protective lining (20) is formed on both sides of the pipe wall (10) and in that the gas supply means have a gas distribution box (40; 40') which has at least one gas inlet opening (41; 41') for the protective gas and a plurality of gas outlet openings (42; 42') which discharge into the at least one intermediate space (30) between the heat exchanger pipes (11) and the protective lining (20).
  2. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to claim 1, wherein the gas outlet openings (42; 42') discharge into the at least one intermediate space (30) at both sides of the pipe wall (10) .
  3. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas distribution box (40; 40') substantially consists of a refractory material, preferably ceramic material.
  4. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas distribution box (40; 40') consists of steel.
  5. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas distribution box (40; 40') is arranged at the lower end of the protective lining (20) in relation to the installation position of the heat exchanger.
  6. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective lining (20) has a plurality of plate elements (21) arranged adjacent to and on top of one another and fastened to the pipe wall (10).
  7. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to claim 6, wherein at least some of the plate elements (21) of the protective lining (20) are supported on the gas distribution box (40; 40').
  8. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of the heat exchanger pipes (11), preferably all heat exchanger pipes (11), are guided through the gas distribution box (40; 40').
  9. Heat exchanger (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer cross-section dimensions of the gas distribution box (40; 40') substantially match the outer cross-section dimensions of the protective lining (20) in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger pipes (11).
  10. Combustion plant with a heat exchanger (100; 100') according to any one of the preceding claims, which is arranged in an interior of the combustion plant such that flue gas can flow from at least two opposing sides.
  11. Combustion plant according to claim 10, characterised in that it has at least two heat exchangers (100; 100') arranged in parallel.
EP16700316.9A 2015-01-07 2016-01-06 Heat exchanger Active EP3134676B1 (en)

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CH00015/15A CH710596A1 (en) 2015-01-07 2015-01-07 Heat exchanger for an interior of an incinerator.
PCT/CH2016/000003 WO2016109903A1 (en) 2015-01-07 2016-01-06 Heat exchanger

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EP3134676A1 EP3134676A1 (en) 2017-03-01
EP3134676B1 true EP3134676B1 (en) 2018-08-08

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CH714933B1 (en) 2018-04-26 2021-06-15 Mokesys Ag Refractory wall, especially for an incinerator.
NL2021445B1 (en) * 2018-08-09 2020-02-20 Awect Bv High pressure heating installation comprising an advanced panel design and cladding thereof

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EP2754961A2 (en) 2013-01-14 2014-07-16 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Method and device for protecting heat exchanger tubes and ceramic component

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DE496575C (en) * 1927-08-16 1930-04-24 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Lining for combustion chambers of steam generators, gas turbines or other ovens
US4426937A (en) * 1980-08-08 1984-01-24 Sietmann Vernon H Heat exchanger furnace
TW296772U (en) * 1994-03-08 1997-01-21 Yutaka Sanbonmatsu Waste burning boiler
PT981015E (en) * 1998-08-20 2004-09-30 Martin Umwelt & Energietech OVERHEAT STEAM GENERATOR FOR INCINERATION INSTALLATIONS WITH CORROSIVE COMBUSTION GASES
DE102008060918A1 (en) * 2008-12-06 2010-06-10 Mvv Umwelt Gmbh Steam generator for generating superheated steam in a waste incineration plant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2754961A2 (en) 2013-01-14 2014-07-16 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Method and device for protecting heat exchanger tubes and ceramic component

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CH710596A1 (en) 2016-07-15
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PL3134676T3 (en) 2019-01-31
WO2016109903A1 (en) 2016-07-14

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