EP2736118B1 - Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system - Google Patents

Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2736118B1
EP2736118B1 EP13194112.2A EP13194112A EP2736118B1 EP 2736118 B1 EP2736118 B1 EP 2736118B1 EP 13194112 A EP13194112 A EP 13194112A EP 2736118 B1 EP2736118 B1 EP 2736118B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filiform
antenna system
vehicle according
elements
antenna
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EP13194112.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2736118A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric Ngo Bui Hung
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to loop antenna systems.
  • the invention relates to a loop antenna system comprising a first electrically conductive threadlike element and forming a loop portion.
  • the thread-like conductive element of these systems generates a radiating surface.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth of these systems is low due to the smallness of the radiation resistance R r .
  • a known solution for increasing the radiation resistance R r of these antenna systems is to increase the physical length of the filiform element, which results in an increase in the area S of the radiation surface.
  • the increase in the dimensions of the filiform element tends to place the anti-resonance frequency of the antenna system, that is to say the frequency where the input impedance of the antenna becomes very large and difficult to adapt, in the range of useful frequencies of the system, which prevents the use of the antenna system at frequencies close to this anti-resonance frequency and therefore over the entire range of useful frequencies.
  • a high energy efficiency for this type of system requires limiting the useful bandwidth.
  • EP-A-1 246 299 describes an antenna system comprising two M-shaped antennas
  • US-A-4,217,591 describes a loop antenna system mounted on a vehicle, comprising a coupling antenna and a transmission antenna.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to propose an antenna system which does not have these drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle according to claim 1.
  • the vehicle comprises one or more of the optional technical characteristics of claims 2 to 10.
  • the Figure 1 illustrates a machine 2 according to the invention.
  • the machine 2 is intended for land application, and is for example an all-terrain vehicle.
  • the machine 2 comprises a loop antenna system 4 according to the invention, hereinafter system 4, as well as a metal surface 6.
  • the metal surface 6 comprises the roof and the hood of the vehicle.
  • the system 4 is intended to operate in the frequency range 2 MHz - 30 MHz, and preferably in the frequency range 2 MHz - 12 MHz.
  • the system 4 comprises a ground plane 7, two filiform elements of respective references 8a, 8b as well as a fixing base 10, hereinafter base 10.
  • the system 4 comprises an impedance tuning unit 12, also known by the English name of “Antenna Tuning Unit” (which means antenna adaptation unit), and designated by ATU 12 in the following, and a connection cable 14 connecting the ATU 12 to the base 10.
  • the ground plane 7 of the system 4 is capable of providing a ground reference to the system 4 and is formed by the metal surface 6 of the machine 2.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are electrically conductive and are capable of emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. They are for example made from copper-plated steel.
  • they include a fiberglass core surrounded by a copper braid, or else are made from any suitable material known to those skilled in the art.
  • readlike is meant that the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in the direction of their length are of an order of magnitude much greater than the order of magnitude of the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in the other directions, and that the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in directions other than its length are substantially of the same order of magnitude.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are elastically deformable.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a single section.
  • At least one of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is produced from a plurality of sections connected to each other. They are then assembled or disassembled in order to respectively assemble and disassemble the filiform element 8a, 8b. This has the effect of making it possible to minimize the space requirement of the system 4 on the vehicle 2 when the system 4 is not required.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b have respective lengths I a , I b having an order of magnitude less than the wavelengths of the preferred working frequencies of the system 4.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b between 3 m and 6 m.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b of between 3 m and 10 m. This variant is advantageously implemented when the machine 2 has a size suitable for this.
  • the lengths I a , I b of the filiform elements 8a, 8b are different from each other.
  • the threadlike element 8a is the shorter of the two.
  • the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, the longest 8b is substantially equal to twice the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b most short. This constitutes an optimal compromise between the bulk of the system 4 and its radio performance.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are fixed to the ground plane 7.
  • each element 8a, 8b is inserted into the base 10 in an orifice (not shown) that the base 10 includes.
  • each element 8a, 8b is fixed to the ground plane 7 via a grounding piece well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b each form a portion of a loop.
  • the dimensions of the loop portions are obtained by the appropriate positioning of the location of the fixing on the ground plane 7 of the end of the filiform elements 8a, 8b via the grounding piece.
  • the two filiform elements 8a, 8b, and therefore the portions of loops which they delimit, are substantially included in a plane P a , respectively P b .
  • the two planes P a , P b form an angle a between them.
  • the value of the angle ⁇ contributes to determining the level of radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the angle ⁇ between the planes P a , P b is less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 °.
  • the angle ⁇ is substantially zero, which maximizes the radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces and minimizes the lateral dimensions of the antenna system.
  • the value of the angle ⁇ is likely to vary under the effect of the acceleration and deceleration of the machine 2.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are sufficiently rigid so that the angle ⁇ remains less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 ° when the machine 2 is moving.
  • the necessary rigidity is obtained by varying the diameter of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b each generate a radiation surface S1, respectively S2 delimited on the one hand by the corresponding filiform element, and on the other hand by the ground plane 7.
  • the radiation surfaces S1, S2 are substantially included in the corresponding plane P a , P b .
  • the two radiation surfaces S1, S2 have the same general shape.
  • the surfaces S1, S2 formed by the elements 8a, 8b are both substantially semi-circular.
  • the portions of loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both form portions of a rectangle or a triangle.
  • the surfaces S1, S2 have a general shape which is different from each other.
  • the two surfaces S1, S2 have different areas.
  • S1 will designate the radiation surface of the smallest of the two areas, that is to say the surface delimited by the small filiform element 8a.
  • the portions of loops formed by the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other.
  • overlapping it is meant that the smallest of the loop portions appears to be entirely included in the area delimited by the largest loop portion when the system 4 is observed from a direction substantially perpendicular to one of two surfaces S1 , S2.
  • the surface S1 appears to be entirely included in the surface S2 when the system 4 is observed from the side.
  • This nesting has the effect of minimizing the size of the system 4.
  • the base 10 allows the fixing of the filiform elements 8a, 8b on the ground plane 7 while ensuring the electrical insulation of the filiform elements of the ground plane, and allows the electrical connection of the filiform elements to the connection cable 14 and to the 'ATU 12.
  • the base 10 comprises a first part 101 electrically insulating and a second part 102 electrically conductive.
  • the two parts 101, 102 are cylindrical and have the same diameter.
  • the first part 101 is fixed to the ground plane 7 and is made of electrically insulating dielectric material.
  • the second part 102 is fixed on the first part 101 and is made of metal. Due to the first part 101, it is electrically isolated from the ground plane 7.
  • the second part 102 is provided with the orifices (not shown) in which one of the ends of each of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is fixed, as indicated above.
  • the second part 102 receives one end of the connection cable 14.
  • connection cable 14 is electrically connected to the ends of the two filiform elements 8a, 8b inserted in the base 10.
  • the ATU 12 is able to adapt the impedance of the system 4, that is to say to maximize the electrical power exchanged between the system 4 respectively and an RF transmission / reception device (not shown) to which the system 4 is coupled.
  • ATU 12 is located on ground plane 7.
  • the vehicle is located on board the vehicle 2, for example in a cavity located under the ground plane 7.
  • the ATU 12 is electrically connected to the base 10 via the connection cable 14, and supplies the same radiofrequency signal to the two filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the ATU 12 delivers the same RF signal to the filiform elements 8a, 8b through the base 10. The current flows through the filiform elements 8a, 8b and loops back to the ground plane 7.
  • the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4 is modified compared to a system having a single filiform element, and more precisely is distinct from the frequency d 'anti-resonance that would present the system comprising only one or the other of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b in the system 4 according to the invention lowers the impedance of the system at its anti-resonance frequency, and allows its adaptation by an ATU, and therefore improves its efficiency. overall energy.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth of the system according to the invention which results from the radiation resistance, is appreciably increased because it comprises two radiation surfaces S1, S2, and therefore a total radiation surface greater than that of 'a system comprising only one or the other of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • the system impedance at 3 MHz is equal to 0.002 + 66 j ⁇ .
  • the anti-resonance frequency of this system is 23.7 MHz.
  • the system impedance at this anti-resonance frequency is 19000 ⁇ .
  • the radiation resistance - which corresponds to the real part of the impedance - of system 4 at low frequencies has significantly increased, and more precisely has substantially doubled.
  • the impedance of system 4 at its anti-resonance frequency has decreased by a ratio close to ten.
  • the machine 2 is a ship, the metal surface 6 corresponding for example to the deck of the ship.
  • the filiform elements it is preferable to produce the filiform elements so that their mechanical strength is greater than that of the elements of a system adapted for a land vehicle.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a tube or several tubes successively fixed to each other, for example by welding.
  • the tubes are for example made from aluminum.
  • the machine 2 comprises two systems 4 according to the invention substantially identical to each other and arranged side by side substantially parallel to one another.
  • the elements filiform 8a, 8b respectively of the two systems being located at a distance from each other between 50 and 100 cm. The effect of this distance is to prevent the filiform elements 8a, 8b of the two systems 4 from coming into contact when these deform under the effect of the acceleration or deceleration of the machine 2.
  • the metal surface 6 of the machine 2 forms the common ground plane 7 of the two systems 4.
  • the ATUs 12 of the two systems 4 are both connected to the same transmission / reception device associated with the systems 4, for example via a power divider, and are for example controlled in accordance with the command described in FR 2 829 622 .
  • This variant of the machine 2 according to the invention has the effect of increasing the admissible power of the device formed by the two systems 4 arranged in parallel, as well as increasing the radiation resistance corresponding to the low frequencies of the range of use.
  • the system 4 does not include a ground plane 7.
  • the base 10 only consists of the second electrically conductive part 102 previously described
  • system 4 comprises a secondary base 10 'identical to the base 10.
  • the two bases 10, 10 ′ are respectively connected to one of two symmetrical channels 121, 122 which the ATU 12 comprises and are fixed directly above the ATU 12, for example by means of rigid conductive connecting rods electrically and arranged parallel to each other, and which perform the same function as the connection cable 14 previously described as well as the physical maintenance of the assembly.
  • each filiform element 8a, 8b are for the one inserted in the base 10, and for the other in the secondary base 10 '.
  • the radiation surfaces S1, S2 are only generated by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.
  • This variant is advantageously implemented when it is not possible or when it is not desired to use a ground plane.
  • the portions of loops both have a general triangular or rectangular shape.
  • the two portions of loops defined by the filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other, respectively substantially included in a plane, the two planes thus defined forming an angle less than 45 °, and preferably less at 10 °.
  • This variant of the invention can in turn be implemented on a machine 2 according to the invention, in which two systems according to this variant of the invention are arranged side by side with one another, the two planes P has filiform elements 8a, 8b of one and the other of the systems being substantially parallel and located at a distance from one another between 50 cm and 100 cm.
  • the machine 2 is an aircraft.
  • the system 4 is devoid of ATU 12.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are for example directly connected to the radiofrequency transmission / reception device to which the device 4 is coupled.
  • the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are also supplied with the same radiofrequency signal.
  • the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b resulting in particular from their supply by the same radiofrequency signal makes it possible to lower the impedance of the antenna system 4 to its anti-resonance frequency.
  • the system 4 is configured for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves by ionospheric reflections.
  • the filiform elements 8a, 8b are intended to radiate mainly in a vertical direction of radiation.
  • the antenna 4 is configured to mainly radiate in a direction of radiation orthogonal to the ground plane 7.
  • the ground plane 7 is then arranged substantially horizontally.
  • the antenna 4 is configured to radiate mainly along a median axis of the loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b and passing between the 'base 10 and secondary base 10'.
  • the direction of radiation of the antenna 4 results from the ratio between the wavelengths of the frequencies preferentially used by the system 4 and the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b. More particularly, the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is shorter than the wavelengths of the preferred frequencies of the system 4. For example, a frequency of 2 MHz corresponds to a wavelength of 150 m, and a frequency of 12 MHz corresponds to a length of 25 m. These lengths are of an order of magnitude greater than the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

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Description

La présente invention concerne les systèmes antennaires à boucle.The present invention relates to loop antenna systems.

Plus spécifiquement, l'invention concerne un système antennaire à boucle comportant un premier élément filiforme conducteur électriquement et formant une portion de boucle.More specifically, the invention relates to a loop antenna system comprising a first electrically conductive threadlike element and forming a loop portion.

Ces systèmes sont notamment utilisés dans le domaine des télécommunications dans la bande HF, par exemple sur terre ou en mer, et reposent sur l'utilisation des réflexions ionosphériques quasi-verticales (connues sous le nom anglais de « Near Vertical Sky Waves ») pour la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques qu'ils émettent et reçoivent.These systems are used in particular in the field of telecommunications in the HF band, for example on land or at sea, and are based on the use of quasi-vertical ionospheric reflections (known under the English name of "Near Vertical Sky Waves") for the propagation of the electromagnetic waves they emit and receive.

De manière connue, l'élément conducteur filiforme de ces systèmes génère une surface rayonnante. La résistance de rayonnement Rr de cette surface est reliée à son aire S et à la longueur d'onde de travail A par la relation suivante : R r = 320 π 4 S 2 / λ 4

Figure imgb0001
In known manner, the thread-like conductive element of these systems generates a radiating surface. The radiation resistance R r of this surface is related to its area S and to the working wavelength A by the following relationship: R r = 320 π 4 S 2 / λ 4
Figure imgb0001

Aux basses fréquences de la plage de fonctionnement de ces systèmes antennaires, c'est-à-dire aux grandes longueurs d'onde de travail λ, la bande passante instantanée de ces systèmes est faible du fait de la petitesse de la résistance de rayonnement Rr.At the low frequencies of the operating range of these antenna systems, that is to say at long working wavelengths λ, the instantaneous bandwidth of these systems is low due to the smallness of the radiation resistance R r .

Au vu de la relation (1), une solution connue pour augmenter la résistance de rayonnement Rr de ces systèmes antennaires est d'augmenter la longueur physique de l'élément filiforme, ce qui se traduit par une augmentation de l'aire S de la surface de rayonnement.In view of equation (1), a known solution for increasing the radiation resistance R r of these antenna systems is to increase the physical length of the filiform element, which results in an increase in the area S of the radiation surface.

Toutefois, cette solution ne donne pas entière satisfaction.However, this solution is not entirely satisfactory.

En effet, l'augmentation des dimensions de l'élément filiforme tend à placer la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système antennaire, c'est-à-dire la fréquence où l'impédance d'entrée de l'antenne devient très grande et difficilement adaptable, dans la plage des fréquences utiles du système, ce qui empêche l'utilisation du système antennaire aux fréquences proches de cette fréquence d'anti-résonance et donc sur la totalité de la plage de fréquences utiles. Ainsi, un rendement énergétique élevé pour ce type de système impose de limiter la bande passante utile.Indeed, the increase in the dimensions of the filiform element tends to place the anti-resonance frequency of the antenna system, that is to say the frequency where the input impedance of the antenna becomes very large and difficult to adapt, in the range of useful frequencies of the system, which prevents the use of the antenna system at frequencies close to this anti-resonance frequency and therefore over the entire range of useful frequencies. Thus, a high energy efficiency for this type of system requires limiting the useful bandwidth.

EP-A-1 246 299 décrit un système antennaire comportant deux antennes en forme de M. EP-A-1 246 299 describes an antenna system comprising two M-shaped antennas

US-A-4,217,591 décrit un système antennaire à boucle monté sur un véhicule, comportant une antenne de couplage et une antenne de transmission. US-A-4,217,591 describes a loop antenna system mounted on a vehicle, comprising a coupling antenna and a transmission antenna.

Les documents JP 2010119067 A , US 6 906 672 A et US 5 442 368 B décrivent encore d'autres exemples de systèmes antennaires.The documents JP 2010 119 067 A , US 6,906,672 A and US 5,442,368 B further describe other examples of antenna systems.

L'un des objets de l'invention est de proposer un système antennaire ne présentant pas ces inconvénients.One of the objects of the invention is to propose an antenna system which does not have these drawbacks.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un véhicule selon la revendication 1.To this end, the invention relates to a vehicle according to claim 1.

Selon d'autres aspects de l'invention, le véhicule comprend une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques techniques optionnelles des revendications 2 à 10.According to other aspects of the invention, the vehicle comprises one or more of the optional technical characteristics of claims 2 to 10.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux Figures annexées sur lesquelles :

  • la Figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un engin selon l'invention ;
  • la Figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un système antennaire selon l'invention ;
  • la Figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un engin selon une variante de l'invention; et
  • la Figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un système antennaire selon une variante de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended Figures in which:
  • the Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a machine according to the invention;
  • the Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an antenna system according to the invention;
  • the Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a machine according to a variant of the invention; and
  • the Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an antenna system according to a variant of the invention.

La Figure 1 illustre un engin 2 selon l'invention. L'engin 2 est destiné à une application terrestre, et est par exemple un véhicule tout terrain. L'engin 2 comprend un système antennaire à boucle 4 selon l'invention, ci-après système 4, ainsi qu'une surface métallique 6.The Figure 1 illustrates a machine 2 according to the invention. The machine 2 is intended for land application, and is for example an all-terrain vehicle. The machine 2 comprises a loop antenna system 4 according to the invention, hereinafter system 4, as well as a metal surface 6.

Dans l'exemple de la Figure 1, la surface métallique 6 comprend le toit et le capot du véhicule.In the example of the Figure 1 , the metal surface 6 comprises the roof and the hood of the vehicle.

Le système 4 est destiné à fonctionner dans la gamme de fréquence 2 MHz - 30 MHz, et préférentiellement dans la gamme de fréquence 2 MHz - 12 MHz.The system 4 is intended to operate in the frequency range 2 MHz - 30 MHz, and preferably in the frequency range 2 MHz - 12 MHz.

En référence à la Figure 2, le système 4 comprend un plan de masse 7, deux éléments filiformes de références respectives 8a, 8b ainsi qu'une embase de fixation 10, ci-après embase 10. En outre, le système 4 comprend un boîtier d'accord d'impédance 12, également connu sous le nom anglophone de « Antenna Tuning Unit » (qui signifie unité d'adaptation d'antenne), et désigné par ATU 12 dans ce qui suit, et un câble de connexion 14 raccordant l'ATU 12 à l'embase 10.With reference to the Figure 2 , the system 4 comprises a ground plane 7, two filiform elements of respective references 8a, 8b as well as a fixing base 10, hereinafter base 10. In addition, the system 4 comprises an impedance tuning unit 12, also known by the English name of “Antenna Tuning Unit” (which means antenna adaptation unit), and designated by ATU 12 in the following, and a connection cable 14 connecting the ATU 12 to the base 10.

Le plan de masse 7 du système 4 est propre à fournir une référence de masse au système 4 et est formé par la surface métallique 6 de l'engin 2.The ground plane 7 of the system 4 is capable of providing a ground reference to the system 4 and is formed by the metal surface 6 of the machine 2.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont conducteurs électriquement et sont propres à émettre et recevoir des ondes électromagnétiques. Ils sont par exemple réalisés à partir d'acier cuivré.The filiform elements 8a, 8b are electrically conductive and are capable of emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. They are for example made from copper-plated steel.

En variante, ils comprennent un cœur en fibre de verre entouré d'une tresse cuivrée, ou bien sont réalisés à partir de tout matériau adapté connu de l'homme du métier.Alternatively, they include a fiberglass core surrounded by a copper braid, or else are made from any suitable material known to those skilled in the art.

Par « filiforme », on entend que les dimensions des éléments 8a, 8b dans le sens de leur longueur sont d'un ordre de grandeur très supérieur à l'ordre de grandeur des dimensions des éléments 8a, 8b selon les autres directions, et que les dimensions des éléments 8a, 8b selon les directions autres que sa longueur sont sensiblement du même ordre de grandeur.By "threadlike" is meant that the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in the direction of their length are of an order of magnitude much greater than the order of magnitude of the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in the other directions, and that the dimensions of the elements 8a, 8b in directions other than its length are substantially of the same order of magnitude.

En outre, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont déformables élastiquement.In addition, the filiform elements 8a, 8b are elastically deformable.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont constitués d'un seul tronçon.The filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a single section.

En variante, l'un au moins des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b est réalisé à partir d'une pluralité de tronçons raccordés les uns aux autres. Ils sont alors montés ou démontés pour respectivement monter, démonter l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b correspondant. Ceci a pour effet de permettre de minimiser l'encombrement du système 4 sur l'engin 2 lorsque le système 4 n'est pas requis.As a variant, at least one of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is produced from a plurality of sections connected to each other. They are then assembled or disassembled in order to respectively assemble and disassemble the filiform element 8a, 8b. This has the effect of making it possible to minimize the space requirement of the system 4 on the vehicle 2 when the system 4 is not required.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b présentent des longueurs respectives Ia, Ib présentant un ordre de grandeur inférieur aux longueurs d'onde des fréquences de travail préférentielles du système 4.The filiform elements 8a, 8b have respective lengths I a , I b having an order of magnitude less than the wavelengths of the preferred working frequencies of the system 4.

Plus spécifiquement, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b ont des longueurs Ia, Ib comprises entre 3 m et 6 m.More specifically, the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b between 3 m and 6 m.

En variante, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b ont des longueurs Ia, Ib comprises entre 3 m et 10 m. Cette variante est avantageusement mise en œuvre lorsque l'engin 2 présente une taille adaptée pour ce faire.As a variant, the filiform elements 8a, 8b have lengths I a , I b of between 3 m and 10 m. This variant is advantageously implemented when the machine 2 has a size suitable for this.

En outre, les longueurs Ia, Ib des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont différentes l'une de l'autre. Dans l'exemple de la Figure 2, l'élément filiforme 8a est le plus court des deux.In addition, the lengths I a , I b of the filiform elements 8a, 8b are different from each other. In the example of the Figure 2 , the threadlike element 8a is the shorter of the two.

La longueur Ia, Ib de l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b le plus long est sensiblement égale au double de la longueur Ia, Ib de l'élément filiforme 8a, 8b le plus court. Ceci constitue un compromis optimal entre l'encombrement du système 4 et ses performances radioélectriques.The length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, the longest 8b is substantially equal to twice the length l a, I b of the filiform element 8a, 8b most short. This constitutes an optimal compromise between the bulk of the system 4 and its radio performance.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 2, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont fixés sur le plan de masse 7.As illustrated in the Figure 2 , the filiform elements 8a, 8b are fixed to the ground plane 7.

Plus spécifiquement pour le raccord des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b à l'ATU 12, l'une des extrémités de chaque élément 8a, 8b est insérée dans l'embase 10 dans un orifice (non représenté) que l'embase 10 comporte.More specifically for the connection of the filiform elements 8a, 8b to the ATU 12, one of the ends of each element 8a, 8b is inserted into the base 10 in an orifice (not shown) that the base 10 includes.

L'autre extrémité de chaque élément 8a, 8b est fixée sur le plan de masse 7 via une pièce de mise à la masse bien connue de l'homme du métier.The other end of each element 8a, 8b is fixed to the ground plane 7 via a grounding piece well known to those skilled in the art.

Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b forment chacun une portion de boucle.The filiform elements 8a, 8b each form a portion of a loop.

En pratique, les dimensions des portions de boucle sont obtenues via le positionnement adéquat de l'emplacement de la fixation sur le plan de masse 7 de l'extrémité des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b via la pièce de mise à la masse.In practice, the dimensions of the loop portions are obtained by the appropriate positioning of the location of the fixing on the ground plane 7 of the end of the filiform elements 8a, 8b via the grounding piece.

Les deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b, et donc les portions de boucles qu'ils délimitent, sont sensiblement compris dans un plan Pa, respectivement Pb.The two filiform elements 8a, 8b, and therefore the portions of loops which they delimit, are substantially included in a plane P a , respectively P b .

Les deux plans Pa, Pb forment entre eux un angle a.The two planes P a , P b form an angle a between them.

La valeur de l'angle α contribue à déterminer le niveau de couplage radioélectrique entre les surfaces rayonnantes formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.The value of the angle α contributes to determining the level of radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Avantageusement, l'angle α entre les plans Pa, Pb est inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10°.Advantageously, the angle α between the planes P a , P b is less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 °.

Ceci a pour effet d'augmenter le couplage radioélectrique entre les surfaces rayonnantes et d'optimiser l'encombrement latéral du système antennaire.This has the effect of increasing the radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces and of optimizing the lateral dimensions of the antenna system.

Préférentiellement, l'angle α est sensiblement nul, ce qui maximise le couplage radioélectrique entre les surfaces rayonnantes et minimise l'encombrement latéral du système antennaire.Preferably, the angle α is substantially zero, which maximizes the radioelectric coupling between the radiating surfaces and minimizes the lateral dimensions of the antenna system.

En pratique, la valeur de l'angle α est susceptible de varier sous l'effet de l'accélération et de la décélération de l'engin 2.In practice, the value of the angle α is likely to vary under the effect of the acceleration and deceleration of the machine 2.

Préférentiellement, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont suffisamment rigides pour que l'angle α demeure inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10° lors du déplacement de l'engin 2. En pratique, la rigidité nécessaire est obtenue en faisant varier le diamètre des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.Preferably, the filiform elements 8a, 8b are sufficiently rigid so that the angle α remains less than 45 °, and preferably less than 10 ° when the machine 2 is moving. In practice, the necessary rigidity is obtained by varying the diameter of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b génèrent chacun une surface de rayonnement S1, respectivement S2 délimitées d'un part par l'élément filiforme correspondant, et d'autre part par le plan de masse 7. Les surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2 sont sensiblement comprises dans le plan Pa, Pb correspondant.As indicated above, the filiform elements 8a, 8b each generate a radiation surface S1, respectively S2 delimited on the one hand by the corresponding filiform element, and on the other hand by the ground plane 7. The radiation surfaces S1, S2 are substantially included in the corresponding plane P a , P b .

Préférentiellement, les deux surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2 présentent une même forme générale.Preferably, the two radiation surfaces S1, S2 have the same general shape.

Dans l'exemple de la Figure 2, les surfaces S1, S2 formées par les éléments 8a, 8b sont toutes deux sensiblement semi-circulaires.In the example of the Figure 2 , the surfaces S1, S2 formed by the elements 8a, 8b are both substantially semi-circular.

En variante, les portions de boucles formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b forment toutes deux des portions de rectangle ou de triangle.As a variant, the portions of loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both form portions of a rectangle or a triangle.

En variante encore, les surfaces S1, S2 présentent une forme générale différente l'une de l'autre.In another variant, the surfaces S1, S2 have a general shape which is different from each other.

Du fait que les deux éléments 8a, 8b sont de longueurs différentes, les deux surfaces S1, S2 présentent des aires différentes.Because the two elements 8a, 8b are of different lengths, the two surfaces S1, S2 have different areas.

Dans ce qui suit, S1 désignera la surface de rayonnement de plus petite aire parmi les deux, c'est-à-dire la surface délimité par le petit élément filiforme 8a.In what follows, S1 will designate the radiation surface of the smallest of the two areas, that is to say the surface delimited by the small filiform element 8a.

Les portions de boucles formées par les deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre.The portions of loops formed by the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other.

Par « imbriquées », on entend que la plus petite des portions de boucle apparaît comme intégralement comprise dans l'aire délimitée par la plus grande portion de boucle lorsque le système 4 est observé depuis une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'une de deux surfaces S1, S2.By “overlapping”, it is meant that the smallest of the loop portions appears to be entirely included in the area delimited by the largest loop portion when the system 4 is observed from a direction substantially perpendicular to one of two surfaces S1 , S2.

En d'autres termes, en référence à la Figure 2, la surface S1 apparaît comme intégralement comprise dans la surface S2 lorsque le système 4 est observé depuis le côté.In other words, with reference to the Figure 2 , the surface S1 appears to be entirely included in the surface S2 when the system 4 is observed from the side.

Cette imbrication a pour effet de minimiser l'encombrement du système 4.This nesting has the effect of minimizing the size of the system 4.

L'embase 10 permet la fixation des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sur le plan de masse 7 tout en assurant l'isolation électrique des éléments filiformes du plan de masse, et permet le raccord électrique des éléments filiformes au câble de connexion 14 et à l'ATU 12.The base 10 allows the fixing of the filiform elements 8a, 8b on the ground plane 7 while ensuring the electrical insulation of the filiform elements of the ground plane, and allows the electrical connection of the filiform elements to the connection cable 14 and to the 'ATU 12.

A cet effet, l'embase 10 comprend une première partie 101 isolante électriquement et une deuxième partie 102 conductrice électriquement. Les deux parties 101, 102 sont cylindriques et présentent le même diamètre.To this end, the base 10 comprises a first part 101 electrically insulating and a second part 102 electrically conductive. The two parts 101, 102 are cylindrical and have the same diameter.

La première partie 101 est fixée sur le plan de masse 7 et est réalisée en matériau diélectrique isolant électriquement.The first part 101 is fixed to the ground plane 7 and is made of electrically insulating dielectric material.

La deuxième partie 102 est fixée sur la première partie 101 et est réalisée en métal. Du fait de la première partie 101, elle est isolée électriquement du plan de masse 7.The second part 102 is fixed on the first part 101 and is made of metal. Due to the first part 101, it is electrically isolated from the ground plane 7.

La deuxième partie 102 est pourvue des orifices (non représentés) dans lesquels l'une des extrémités de chacun des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b est fixée, comme indiqué précédemment.The second part 102 is provided with the orifices (not shown) in which one of the ends of each of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is fixed, as indicated above.

En outre, la deuxième partie 102 reçoit une extrémité du câble de connexion 14.In addition, the second part 102 receives one end of the connection cable 14.

Du fait que la deuxième partie 102 est conductrice électriquement, le câble de connexion 14 est raccordé électriquement aux extrémités des deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b insérées dans l'embase 10.Because the second part 102 is electrically conductive, the connection cable 14 is electrically connected to the ends of the two filiform elements 8a, 8b inserted in the base 10.

L'ATU 12 est propre à adapter l'impédance du système 4, c'est-à-dire à maximiser la puissance électrique échangée entre le système 4 respectivement et un dispositif d'émission/réception RF (non représenté) auquel le système 4 est couplé.The ATU 12 is able to adapt the impedance of the system 4, that is to say to maximize the electrical power exchanged between the system 4 respectively and an RF transmission / reception device (not shown) to which the system 4 is coupled.

L'ATU 12 se situe sur le plan de masse 7.ATU 12 is located on ground plane 7.

En variante, il se situe à bord de l'engin 2, par exemple dans une cavité située sous le plan de masse 7.As a variant, it is located on board the vehicle 2, for example in a cavity located under the ground plane 7.

Comme indiqué précédemment, l'ATU 12 est raccordé électriquement à l'embase 10 via le câble de connexion 14, et fournit le même signal radiofréquence aux deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.As indicated previously, the ATU 12 is electrically connected to the base 10 via the connection cable 14, and supplies the same radiofrequency signal to the two filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Le fonctionnement du système 4 selon l'invention va maintenant être décrit en référence aux Figures 1 et 2.The operation of the system 4 according to the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 .

Lors du fonctionnement du système 4, l'ATU 12 délivre un même signal RF aux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b à travers l'embase 10. Le courant parcourt les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b et se reboucle sur le plan de masse 7.During the operation of the system 4, the ATU 12 delivers the same RF signal to the filiform elements 8a, 8b through the base 10. The current flows through the filiform elements 8a, 8b and loops back to the ground plane 7.

Du fait que le système antennaire 4 comprend deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b de longueurs différentes, la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système 4 est modifiée par rapport à un système présentant un unique élément filiforme, et plus précisément est distincte de la fréquence d'anti-résonance que présenterait le système ne comprenant que l'un ou l'autre des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.Because the antenna system 4 comprises two filiform elements 8a, 8b of different lengths, the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4 is modified compared to a system having a single filiform element, and more precisely is distinct from the frequency d 'anti-resonance that would present the system comprising only one or the other of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Ceci a pour effet que lorsque la fréquence de travail vaut sensiblement la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système 4, cette fréquence de travail est éloignée des fréquences d'anti-résonance des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b. Ceci permet de bénéficier d'une impédance du système 4 à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance qui est plus faible que pour un système à un seul élément filiforme.This has the effect that when the working frequency is substantially equal to the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4, this working frequency is distant from the anti-resonance frequencies of the filiform elements 8a, 8b. This makes it possible to benefit from an impedance of the system 4 at its anti-resonance frequency which is lower than for a system with a single filiform element.

En d'autres termes, le couplage des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b dans le système 4 selon l'invention abaisse l'impédance du système à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance, et permet son adaptation par un ATU, et améliore donc son rendement énergétique global.In other words, the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b in the system 4 according to the invention lowers the impedance of the system at its anti-resonance frequency, and allows its adaptation by an ATU, and therefore improves its efficiency. overall energy.

En outre, la bande passante instantanée du système selon l'invention, qui découle de la résistance de rayonnement, est sensiblement augmentée du fait qu'il comprend deux surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2, et donc une surface de rayonnement totale supérieure à celle d'un système ne comprenant que l'un ou l'autre des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.In addition, the instantaneous bandwidth of the system according to the invention, which results from the radiation resistance, is appreciably increased because it comprises two radiation surfaces S1, S2, and therefore a total radiation surface greater than that of 'a system comprising only one or the other of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Pour un système antennaire de l'état de la technique comprenant un unique élément filiforme plié de façon à former un demi-cercle de deux mètres de diamètre, il a été modélisé que l'impédance du système à 3 MHz vaut 0.002 + 66 j Ω. La fréquence d'anti-résonance de ce système vaut 23,7 MHz. L'impédance du système à cette fréquence d'anti-résonance vaut 19000 Ω.For an antenna system of the state of the art comprising a single filiform element folded so as to form a semicircle of two meters in diameter, it has been modeled that the system impedance at 3 MHz is equal to 0.002 + 66 j Ω . The anti-resonance frequency of this system is 23.7 MHz. The system impedance at this anti-resonance frequency is 19000 Ω.

Comparativement, pour un système 4 selon l'invention dans lequel l'élément filiforme 8a se présente sous la forme d'un demi cercle de deux mètres de diamètre et l'élément filiforme 8b se présente sous la forme d'un demi cercle de quatre mètres de diamètre, il a été simulé que l'impédance du système à 3 MHz vaut 0.004 + 40 j Ω. Du fait de la présence des deux éléments 8a, 8b, la fréquence d'anti-résonance du système 4 vaut 17,8 MHz. La valeur de l'impédance du système 4 selon l'invention à cette fréquence et obtenue par simulation vaut 2400 Ω.Comparatively, for a system 4 according to the invention in which the filiform element 8a is in the form of a semicircle of two meters in diameter and the filiform element 8b is in the form of a semicircle of four meters in diameter, it has been simulated that the system impedance at 3 MHz is equal to 0.004 + 40 j Ω. Due to the presence of the two elements 8a, 8b, the anti-resonance frequency of the system 4 is 17.8 MHz. The value of the impedance of system 4 according to the invention at this frequency and obtained by simulation is worth 2400 Ω.

On constate ainsi que dans un système 4 selon l'invention, la résistance de rayonnement - qui correspond à la partie réelle de l'impédance - du système 4 aux basses fréquences a sensiblement augmenté, et plus précisément a sensiblement doublé.It can thus be seen that in a system 4 according to the invention, the radiation resistance - which corresponds to the real part of the impedance - of system 4 at low frequencies has significantly increased, and more precisely has substantially doubled.

En outre, l'impédance du système 4 à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance a diminué d'un rapport proche de dix.In addition, the impedance of system 4 at its anti-resonance frequency has decreased by a ratio close to ten.

En variante, l'engin 2 est un navire, la surface métallique 6 correspondant par exemple au pont du navire.Alternatively, the machine 2 is a ship, the metal surface 6 corresponding for example to the deck of the ship.

Dans le cadre de cette variante, il est préférable de réaliser les éléments filiformes de sorte que leur tenue mécanique soit supérieure celle des éléments d'un système adapté pour un véhicule terrestre.In the context of this variant, it is preferable to produce the filiform elements so that their mechanical strength is greater than that of the elements of a system adapted for a land vehicle.

Aussi, dans le cadre de cette variante, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont constitués d'un tube ou de plusieurs tubes fixés successivement les uns aux autres, par exemple par soudage. Les tubes sont par exemple réalisés à partir d'aluminium.Also, in the context of this variant, the filiform elements 8a, 8b consist of a tube or several tubes successively fixed to each other, for example by welding. The tubes are for example made from aluminum.

En référence à la Figure 3, l'engin 2 comprend deux systèmes 4 selon l'invention sensiblement identiques l'un à l'autre et disposés côte à côte sensiblement parallèlement l'un à l'autre.With reference to the Figure 3 , the machine 2 comprises two systems 4 according to the invention substantially identical to each other and arranged side by side substantially parallel to one another.

Plus précisément, ils sont agencés l'un relativement à l'autre de sorte que les plans Pa respectifs des deux systèmes 4 soient parallèles l'un à l'autre, les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b respectifs des deux systèmes étant situés à une distance les uns des autres comprise entre 50 et 100 cm. Cette distance a pour effet de prévenir la mise en contact des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b des deux systèmes 4 lorsque ceux-ci se déforment sous l'effet de l'accélération ou de la décélération de l'engin 2.More precisely, they are arranged one relative to the other so that the respective planes P a of the two systems 4 are parallel to each other, the elements filiform 8a, 8b respectively of the two systems being located at a distance from each other between 50 and 100 cm. The effect of this distance is to prevent the filiform elements 8a, 8b of the two systems 4 from coming into contact when these deform under the effect of the acceleration or deceleration of the machine 2.

La surface métallique 6 de l'engin 2 forme le plan de masse 7 commun des deux systèmes 4.The metal surface 6 of the machine 2 forms the common ground plane 7 of the two systems 4.

Les ATU 12 des deux systèmes 4 sont tous deux raccordés à un même dispositif d'émission/réception associé aux systèmes 4, par exemple via un diviseur de puissance, et sont par exemple commandés de façon conforme à la commande décrite dans FR 2 829 622 .The ATUs 12 of the two systems 4 are both connected to the same transmission / reception device associated with the systems 4, for example via a power divider, and are for example controlled in accordance with the command described in FR 2 829 622 .

Cette variante de l'engin 2 selon l'invention a pour effet d'augmenter la puissance admissible du dispositif formé par les deux systèmes 4 disposés en parallèle, ainsi que d'augmenter la résistance de rayonnement correspondante aux basses fréquences de la plage d'utilisation.This variant of the machine 2 according to the invention has the effect of increasing the admissible power of the device formed by the two systems 4 arranged in parallel, as well as increasing the radiation resistance corresponding to the low frequencies of the range of use.

En variante encore, en référence à la Figure 4, le système 4 ne comprend pas de plan de masse 7.As a further variant, with reference to the Figure 4 , the system 4 does not include a ground plane 7.

Dans le cadre de cette variante, l'embase 10 est uniquement constituée de la deuxième partie 102 conductrice électriquement précédemment décriteIn the context of this variant, the base 10 only consists of the second electrically conductive part 102 previously described

En outre, le système 4 comprend une embase secondaire 10' identique à l'embase 10.In addition, the system 4 comprises a secondary base 10 'identical to the base 10.

Les deux embases 10, 10' sont respectivement raccordées à l'une de deux voies symétriques 121, 122 que comprend l'ATU 12 et sont fixées à l'aplomb de l'ATU 12, par exemple au moyen de tiges de connexion rigides conductrices électriquement et disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre, et qui assurent la même fonction que le câble de connexion 14 précédemment décrit ainsi que le maintien physique de l'ensemble.The two bases 10, 10 ′ are respectively connected to one of two symmetrical channels 121, 122 which the ATU 12 comprises and are fixed directly above the ATU 12, for example by means of rigid conductive connecting rods electrically and arranged parallel to each other, and which perform the same function as the connection cable 14 previously described as well as the physical maintenance of the assembly.

Les tiges de connexion ainsi que leur raccord aux voies 121 et 122 de l'ATU et aux embases 10, 10' sont connus de l'homme du métier et ne seront donc pas décrits.The connecting rods and their connection to tracks 121 and 122 of the ATU and to the bases 10, 10 ′ are known to those skilled in the art and will therefore not be described.

Les extrémités de chaque élément filiforme 8a, 8b sont pour l'une insérée dans l'embase 10, et pour l'autre dans l'embase secondaire 10'.The ends of each filiform element 8a, 8b are for the one inserted in the base 10, and for the other in the secondary base 10 '.

Les portions de boucles formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b présentent toutes deux une forme sensiblement circulaire.The portions of loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b both have a substantially circular shape.

Les surfaces de rayonnement S1, S2 sont uniquement générées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.The radiation surfaces S1, S2 are only generated by the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Cette variante est avantageusement mise en œuvre lorsqu'il n'est pas possible ou que l'on ne souhaite pas utiliser de plan de masse.This variant is advantageously implemented when it is not possible or when it is not desired to use a ground plane.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation de cette variante selon l'invention, les portions de boucles présentent toutes deux une forme générale triangulaire ou rectangulaire.In another embodiment of this variant according to the invention, the portions of loops both have a general triangular or rectangular shape.

Comme précédemment, les deux portions de boucles définies par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre, respectivement sensiblement comprises dans un plan, les deux plans ainsi définis formant un angle inférieur à 45°, et de préférence inférieur à 10°.As before, the two portions of loops defined by the filiform elements 8a, 8b are nested one inside the other, respectively substantially included in a plane, the two planes thus defined forming an angle less than 45 °, and preferably less at 10 °.

Cette variante de l'invention peut à son tour être mise en œuvre sur un engin 2 selon l'invention, dans lequel deux systèmes selon cette variante de l'invention sont disposés côte à côte l'un de l'autre, les deux plans Pa des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b de l'un et l'autre des systèmes étant sensiblement parallèles et situés à une distance l'un de l'autre comprise entre 50 cm et 100 cm.This variant of the invention can in turn be implemented on a machine 2 according to the invention, in which two systems according to this variant of the invention are arranged side by side with one another, the two planes P has filiform elements 8a, 8b of one and the other of the systems being substantially parallel and located at a distance from one another between 50 cm and 100 cm.

En variante encore, l'engin 2 est un aéronef.In another variant, the machine 2 is an aircraft.

En variante, le système 4 est dépourvu d'ATU 12. Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont par exemple raccordés directement au dispositif d'émission/réception radiofréquence auquel le dispositif 4 est couplé. Dans les modes de réalisation correspondants, les deux éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont également alimentés avec le même signal radiofréquence.As a variant, the system 4 is devoid of ATU 12. The filiform elements 8a, 8b are for example directly connected to the radiofrequency transmission / reception device to which the device 4 is coupled. In the corresponding embodiments, the two filiform elements 8a, 8b are also supplied with the same radiofrequency signal.

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, le couplage des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b résultant notamment de leur alimentation par un même signal radiofréquence permet d'abaisser l'impédance du système antennaire 4 à sa fréquence d'anti-résonance.As indicated above, the coupling of the filiform elements 8a, 8b resulting in particular from their supply by the same radiofrequency signal makes it possible to lower the impedance of the antenna system 4 to its anti-resonance frequency.

En outre, comme indiqué ci-dessus, le système 4 est configuré pour l'émission et la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques par réflexions ionosphériques. Les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b sont destinés à rayonner principalement selon une direction de rayonnement verticale.In addition, as indicated above, the system 4 is configured for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves by ionospheric reflections. The filiform elements 8a, 8b are intended to radiate mainly in a vertical direction of radiation.

En particulier, dans les modes de réalisation dans lesquels l'antenne 4 est disposée sur un plan de masse 7, l'antenne 4 est configurée pour principalement rayonner selon une direction de rayonnement orthogonale au plan de masse 7. Le plan de masse 7 est alors disposé sensiblement horizontalement.In particular, in the embodiments in which the antenna 4 is arranged on a ground plane 7, the antenna 4 is configured to mainly radiate in a direction of radiation orthogonal to the ground plane 7. The ground plane 7 is then arranged substantially horizontally.

Dans les modes de réalisation dans lesquels l'antenne 4 n'est pas disposée sur un plan de masse 7, l'antenne 4 est configurée pour rayonner principalement selon un axe médian des boucles formées par les éléments filiformes 8a, 8b et passant entre l'embase 10 et l'embase secondaire 10'.In the embodiments in which the antenna 4 is not disposed on a ground plane 7, the antenna 4 is configured to radiate mainly along a median axis of the loops formed by the filiform elements 8a, 8b and passing between the 'base 10 and secondary base 10'.

La direction de rayonnement de l'antenne 4 résulte du rapport entre les longueurs d'onde des fréquences préférentiellement utilisées par le système 4 et la longueur des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b. Plus particulièrement, la longueur des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b est plus petite que les longueurs d'onde des fréquences préférentielles du système 4. Par exemple, une fréquence de 2 MHz correspond à une longueur d'onde de 150 m, et une fréquence de 12 MHz correspond à une longueur de 25 m. Ces longueurs sont d'un ordre de grandeur supérieur à la longueur des éléments filiformes 8a, 8b.The direction of radiation of the antenna 4 results from the ratio between the wavelengths of the frequencies preferentially used by the system 4 and the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b. More particularly, the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b is shorter than the wavelengths of the preferred frequencies of the system 4. For example, a frequency of 2 MHz corresponds to a wavelength of 150 m, and a frequency of 12 MHz corresponds to a length of 25 m. These lengths are of an order of magnitude greater than the length of the filiform elements 8a, 8b.

Claims (10)

  1. A land, air or sea vehicle, characterized in that it comprises two loop antenna systems (4), identical to each other and being positioned side by side and parallel to each other, each antenna system comprising :
    - a first electrically conductive filiform element (8a, 8b) forming a loop portion,
    - a second electrically conductive filiform element (8a, 8b) forming a loop portion, the two filiform elements (8a, 8b) having different lengths (Ia, Ib) with respect to one another,
    the first filiform element (8a, 8b) and the second filiform element (8a, 8b) being supplied with the same radiofrequency signal received at one of the end of each of the two filiform elements (8a, 8b), for each antenna system (4), the length (Ia, Ib) of the longest filiform element (8a, 8b) being substantially equal to twice the length (Ia, Ib) of the shortest filiform element (8a, 8b).
  2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, for each antenna system (4), the first filiform element (8a, 8b) is substantially comprised in a first plane (Pa), in that the second filiform element (8a, 8b) is substantially comprised in a second plane (Pb), and in that the first and second planes (Pa, Pb) together form an angle (α) smaller than 45°, and preferably smaller than 10°.
  3. The vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for each antenna system (4), the loop portions formed by the filiform elements (8a, 8b) are interlocked in one another.
  4. The vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each antenna system (4) comprises a fastening base (10) for fastening filiform elements (8a, 8b), the fastening base (10) including a second electrically conductive part (102) in which the end of each filiform element (8a, 8b) supplied with the radiofrequency signal is fastened.
  5. The vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that each antenna system (4) also includes an antenna tuning unit (12) electrically connected to the second part (102) to supply the two filiform elements (8a, 8b) with the same radiofrequency signal.
  6. The vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that each antenna system (4) includes a secondary fastening base (10') in which the other ends of the filiform elements (8a, 8b) are fastened, the antenna tuning unit (12) having two symmetrical channels (121, 122) whereof one is connected to the fastening base (10), and the other is connected to the secondary fastening base (10').
  7. The vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for each antenna system (4), the other end of each filiform element (8a, 8b) is fixed to a ground plane (7).
  8. The vehicle according to any one of claims 7, characterized in that, for each antenna system (4), the end of each filiform element (8a, 8b) receiving the radiofrequency signal is fixed to the ground plane (7), while being electrically isolated from the ground plane (7).
  9. The vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that each antenna system (4) includes a ground plane (7), said fastening base (10) including a first electrically insulating part (101) fastened on said first plane (7) and on which the second part (102) is fastened, the other ends of the filiform elements being fastened to the ground plane (7).
  10. The vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each antenna system (4) is intended for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves with a frequency comprised between 2 MHz and 30 MHz.
EP13194112.2A 2012-11-23 2013-11-22 Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system Active EP2736118B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1203159A FR2998722B1 (en) 2012-11-23 2012-11-23 ANTENNAIRE SYSTEM WITH IMBRIQUE BUCKLES AND VEHICLE COMPRISING SUCH ANTENNA SYSTEM

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2736118A1 EP2736118A1 (en) 2014-05-28
EP2736118B1 true EP2736118B1 (en) 2020-04-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13194112.2A Active EP2736118B1 (en) 2012-11-23 2013-11-22 Nested-loop antenna system and vehicle including such an antenna system

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US9559420B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2736118B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2802774T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2998722B1 (en)
MY (1) MY181340A (en)

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US5442368A (en) * 1988-09-21 1995-08-15 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Automobile loop antenna
US6696954B2 (en) * 2000-10-16 2004-02-24 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Antenna array for smart RFID tags
US20040216676A1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2004-11-04 Wilcoxson Mark H. Method for producing a semiconductor device
US6906672B1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-06-14 R.A. Miller Industries, Inc. Planar Antenna Arrangement
US20100117454A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2010-05-13 Qualcomm Incorporated Adaptive matching and tuning of hf wireless power transmit antenna
JP2010119067A (en) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-27 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc Antenna device
JP2010200207A (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-09 Nec Corp Multiple loop antenna

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US2368174A (en) * 1942-08-12 1945-01-30 Ford Motor Co Antenna
US3588905A (en) 1967-10-05 1971-06-28 John H Dunlavy Jr Wide range tunable transmitting loop antenna
US4217591A (en) * 1978-09-20 1980-08-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High frequency roll-bar loop antenna
FR2767420B1 (en) * 1997-08-12 1999-10-29 Thomson Csf HIGH FREQUENCY HALF-LOOP ANTENNA DEVICE
JP2002359515A (en) * 2001-03-26 2002-12-13 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd M-shaped antenna apparatus
FR2829622B1 (en) 2001-09-11 2004-04-09 Thales Sa HIGH EFFICIENCY AND HIGH POWER ANTENNA SYSTEM
JP2004266311A (en) * 2003-01-15 2004-09-24 Fdk Corp Antenna
CN102386482B (en) * 2010-09-06 2014-06-18 光宝电子(广州)有限公司 Multi-loop antenna system and electronic device with same

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5442368A (en) * 1988-09-21 1995-08-15 Harada Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Automobile loop antenna
US20040216676A1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2004-11-04 Wilcoxson Mark H. Method for producing a semiconductor device
US6696954B2 (en) * 2000-10-16 2004-02-24 Amerasia International Technology, Inc. Antenna array for smart RFID tags
US6906672B1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-06-14 R.A. Miller Industries, Inc. Planar Antenna Arrangement
US20100117454A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2010-05-13 Qualcomm Incorporated Adaptive matching and tuning of hf wireless power transmit antenna
JP2010119067A (en) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-27 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc Antenna device
JP2010200207A (en) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-09 Nec Corp Multiple loop antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2736118A1 (en) 2014-05-28
FR2998722B1 (en) 2016-04-15
US20140145905A1 (en) 2014-05-29
MY181340A (en) 2020-12-21
FR2998722A1 (en) 2014-05-30
ES2802774T3 (en) 2021-01-21
US9559420B2 (en) 2017-01-31

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