EP2603765B1 - Reactive protection arrangement - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a reactive protection arrangement for the protection of stationary or mobile objects against threats, which is particularly effective against hollow charges (HL threats), explosive or projectile-forming charges (P-charges) and Balloons (KE ammunition).

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In the case of protective arrangements, a distinction must generally be made between homogeneous (solid) and structured (consisting of several levels of protection) perpendicular to the threat or tilted. Another distinguishing feature is the nature of the protective effect. Here, a distinction is made between passive, reactive, active and inert-dynamic structures. Upon initiation of pyrotechnic components by the impending threat, arrays are referred to as reactive protection, with controlled ignition of the same as active armor. Inert-dynamic protection arrangements are when the protection or parts thereof are accelerated solely by the energy of the impending or penetrating threat. An example of this are buckling arrangements (Beulplattenanordnungen, Beulstrukturen).

Since the beginning of the 1970s, reactive arrangements have been known both against shaped charges and against projectiles in which pyrotechnically accelerated elements cause a lateral disturbance or deflection of the impacting or penetrating threat and thereby a reduction of the breakdown power. Mostly this is one or more layers, one or two-sided assignments of explosives with mostly metallic plates. Such arrangements are in armored vehicles in use.

In reactive protection arrangements, the pyrotechnic component is the main problem, both in terms of handling and the different loads after detonation on the structure or field of action (collateral damage) to be protected. The quality of such protection is determined primarily by the amount of explosive used throughout the target, by the area of the detonating agent when the threat strikes, and by design measures.

Due to their very high penetration power equipped with a hollow charge warhead anti-tank weapons are a major threat especially for light to medium armored vehicles dar. Here are the warheads PG 7 and Lance as a reference for this weapon system. For example, protection against HL threats of medium armored vehicles with a basic protection of approximately 30 - 50 mm armor steel equivalent with passive protection systems requires an additional basis weight of the order of 500 kg / m ² . With previously known reactive protection systems, an additional basis weight of the order of 250 to 300 kg / m ^{2 is still} required. Even with the use of considerable, reactively accelerated surface masses, the HL threats can not be warded off completely, since only a limited portion of the shaped charge jet can be influenced by the disruptive measures. Therefore, according to the current state of protection technology still about 20 to 30% of the power of the shaped charge ammunition must be compensated as a residual power from the base armor of the vehicle. For the mentioned HL threat, this still corresponds to a required basic protection on the order of 60 to 80 mm armor steel equivalent.

In reactive systems, the effective components must be accelerated to speeds of several 100 m / s, in order to reach the up to 10 km / s impinging hollow charge jets still with laterally acting perturbation masses. For this purpose, the accelerated target plates must basically bridge the crater formed by the jet tip in order to reach the passing beam laterally. The structure of the arrangement and in particular its angle to the threat are the determining parameters here. By In a number of known embodiments, multi-layered and also highly inclined reactive protective structures are achieved as rapidly as possible and also over a relatively long period of time (or a larger jet length) effective jet disturbance. In general, however, this leads to structures with a lot of explosives and a large construction depth in relation to the covered area. In addition, the proportion of construction-related areas or areal masses (dead masses) increases.

Since relatively large areas (of the order of 100 mm × 300 mm) are detonated in conventional protective arrangements, they burden both the environment and the structure carrying them. Such reactive armor is already limited in area modules (reactive surface elements). In lighter combat vehicles, the use of reactive components is severely limited or not possible due to the load imposed by the reactive system itself.

In the EP 1 846 723 B1 concerning the reactive protective device known by the name "ERICA", further patent documents with reactive components are described and critically discussed by way of example. These are the pamphlets US 5,824,951 A . DE 37 29 211 C1 . US 4,741,244 A . DE 199 56 297 C2 . DE 199 56 197 A1 . US 5,637,824 A . DE 37 29 211 C . WO 94/20811 A1 . DE 33 13 208 C and DE 102 50 132 A1 , Further active or reactive protective devices are for example in FR 2,803,379 A1 , of the FR 2,841,975 A1 , of the FR 2,361,625 A1 and the FR 1,288,911 A disclosed.

In the EP 1 846 723 B1 self-described protection arrangement consists of a tilted in the impact or effective range of the threat carrier arbitrary shape, are applied to both sides pyrotechnic layers. By igniting both layers, shock waves and reaction gases are formed and accelerated both against and in the direction of the penetrating threat. As a result, both the front, high-performance radiation elements and a considerable part of the total beam length are disturbed in shaped charges. The pyrotechnic structure is at least over the entire time of action approximately in a dynamic equilibrium and exerts no end ballistic relevant or destructive influences on the environment.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is the object of the present invention to provide an improved reactive protection arrangement, with which, for example, medium and lightly armored vehicles can be protected with correspondingly low basic protection against shaped charges and which causes no or little lateral damage at high efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by a reactive protection arrangement having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

• ein geringes Flächengewicht;
• eine sehr hohe Effektivität;
• eine optimale Anpassungsfähigkeit an die Oberfläche der zu schützenden Objekte;
• eine kleinstmögliche detonierende Fläche;
• die sichere und sehr rasche Zündung des beaufschlagten Feldes;
• die Vermeidung einer unabsichtlichen Zündung von Nachbarfeldern;
• die Vermeidung einer Splitterbelastung der Fahrzeugumgebung;
• keine Einschränkung der Beweglichkeit des Fahrzeugs;
• eine möglichst modulare Bauweise, damit gegebenenfalls Teile des Schutzsystems während der Mission an- oder abgebaut werden können;
• keine Gefährdung durch den Sprengstoff am Fahrzeug;
• eine Vermeidung der Entstehung ballistisch wirksamer Splitter bzw. Belastung des Umfeldes durch die Wirkungsentfaltung der reaktiven Mittelschicht.

With the reactive protective arrangement according to the invention, in particular the following advantages can be achieved:

• a low basis weight;
• a very high efficiency;
• an optimal adaptability to the surface of the objects to be protected;
• a smallest possible detonating area;
• the safe and very rapid ignition of the applied field;
• the avoidance of unintentional ignition of neighboring fields;
• the avoidance of fragmentation of the vehicle environment;
• no restriction on the mobility of the vehicle;
• as modular a construction as possible, so that parts of the protection system can be installed or dismantled during the mission;
• no danger from the explosive on the vehicle;
• an avoidance of the formation of ballistic splinters and / or burden of the environment by the effect development of the reactive middle class.

In contrast to the conventional protection devices, the present invention provides a protective structure / protection concept which is at least equivalent to the known arrangements in subareas, but clearly superior in its entirety. The invention relates to a partially filled with explosives reactive protection arrangement in which the impending threat usually only a relatively small part of the total area triggers and thereby in particular causes no or little lateral damage. Such a reactive protection device combines a very high efficiency with a minimum detonating explosive surface.

The reactive protection arrangement is fixedly or detachably affixed or attachable to a threat-facing side of the object to be protected, and has at least one reactive protective layer inclined with respect to the threat and having special design features. This reactive protective layer in turn is delimited in the direction of the threat by a front cover (usually a planar element) and on the back by a rear cover / protective plate / dent. The reactive protective layer has explosive-deposited partial fields / partial surfaces which each extend over a part of the protective layer.

According to the invention, for the reactive occupancy / partial occupancy of the protective area (occupancy of the explosive surface or of the explosive field), an all-round damming is provided, the nature of this damming being assigned specific (special, characteristic) properties. As a result, in contrast to a conventional, over the entire surface to be protected extending explosive occupancy protection arrangement is provided which has special protection properties by means of design and technical structure.

The present invention relies on the manner of confining the individual explosive-coated active fields. For a better understanding of the considerations made in this context, the term "damming" is explained below.

In the reaction of an explosive device, a distinction is made according to the reaction kinetics basically between combustion, deflagration, area detonation (expiring detonation after a certain distance) and detonation (through the entire body continuous detonation). For the reaction to take place, the course of the dissociation of the explosive, i. its chemical conversion into the reaction components important. This implementation is crucially influenced or determined by external influences / parameters in the form of the "confinement" (confinement, spatial confinement / limitation) of the explosive device. By "confinement" is meant the manner of including an explosive volume in the course of its implementation. There is still a distinction between a static entrainment (no changes in the reaction-influencing boundary) and a dynamic entrainment, in which the external influencing parameters change during the reaction of the explosive.

The effect of the reacting explosive on its environment (its housing, its limitations, its covers) results from the resulting reaction gases and the impact load on the explosives surrounding body / materials or surfaces. In the impact load, in turn, the manner of transition of the impact energy at the interface between the explosive and the boundary wall is crucial. Another factor is the transport / continuation / propagation of the impact energy both in the reaction volume not yet involved in the reaction (reached from the reaction front) and in the surrounding medium.

The all-round damming of the reactive partial areas of the at least one reactive middle layer of the at least one protective area is achieved by the front cover, the rear cover and by a lateral damming of the partial areas.

From the above terms and their definitions results in the particular advantage of arrangements according to the invention over previously known reactive protective structures. Thus, for example, causes the complete detonation of the explosive surface or explosive field immediately after the impact of the shaped charge jet whose full and optimal implementation. In this way, the protective elements to be accelerated can be accelerated to such high speeds in a sufficiently short time that they are able to reach the HL-beam laterally, and thus to decisively reduce its effect. The explosive blended on all sides can convert all its pyrotechnic energy into the respective field of explosives, thus causing the greatest possible disruption of the threat in relation to the energy introduced. The total mass of the explosive of the reactive protection arrangement can be significantly reduced by the use of such protective elements (pyrotechnic partial surfaces) in comparison to the full-surface explosive coverage in terms of area distribution and necessary thickness of coverage. In addition, the free choice of the materials used can influence the shock wave propagation and thus the dynamics of the process. Due to the partial surface coverage also materials can be used, which can not be used in conventional reactive armor due to their mechanical or dynamic properties.

In the above EP 1 846 723 B1 Fundamental considerations are made on the achievable speeds of free and occupied explosive surfaces via the Gurney equation for planar pyrotechnic surfaces. Thereafter, with greater explosive thickness and relatively thinner layer to be accelerated, theoretically speeds up to more than 4 km / s. The free surface or a small occupancy of the explosive surface decides on an approximation to the theoretically achievable speeds. With very thin coatings, even at low explosive thicknesses (for example 2 mm) still surface speeds in the order of 2 km / s reached. Such speeds are very high compared to conventional sandwich constructions.

The Gurney values are particularly important because they are crucial for effective containment. Constructs according to the present invention achieve by the optimal insulation of the explosive and the choice of material, even at relatively very small areas correspondingly high speeds of the assignments.

In addition to the minimum amount of explosive mass reacted, a particular advantage of the protection arrangement according to the invention is its multihit capability, i. the effectiveness against multiple threats. Although the triggered protective element reduces the remaining reactive protective surface according to its size, the relatively small area of this element in the ratio of a full-area explosive layer leaves the majority of the area to be protected reactively occupied and thus fully functional.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the explosive field can be filled with an insensitive explosive, which nevertheless thoroughly penetrated in a sufficiently short time due to the optimal containment and thus also achieves a high protective efficiency. In the case of adjacent explosive fields, with the use of such explosives, the confinement between the fields may be made correspondingly thin to avoid ignition of the adjacent field. In addition, the use of insensitive explosives simplifies the manufacture and handling of the protective layers and thus of the entire protection arrangement.

By minimizing the detonating explosive masses in the individual fields, it is possible, even with relatively thin (only a few millimeters thick) lateral boundaries (entanglements) to avoid spreading of the detonation on the neighboring fields even with livelier explosives. At the same time ensure such thin intermediate webs that the protection performance is consistently high even at marginal hits or impact hits. This also applies to the case that the hits are in the range of the meeting of three or four subfields. By a corresponding geometric design of the individual fields (see, for example Fig. 14 ) also longer, linear possible weak points can be prevented.

The division of the area occupied by the explosive is largely left to the user when the relevant design regulations are observed. This applies in particular to the optimal distribution of the protective fields as well as to their subdivision or field size. The distribution can be even or uneven. Also, the geometric design of the fields and the structure of the protective surfaces are largely freely selectable. In this way, for example, strip-like, checkered or otherwise designed surface assignments can be realized. Such distributions are of particular interest in coordinated multi-layer occupancies.

When using Beulplatten as accelerated protective elements, these are not subject to any restriction. It is thus possible to use all previously known bulge plates or else bulging arrangements for covering the reactive middle layer. Likewise, the carrier plate system-related specifications or intended further protection properties can be largely adapted. For example, they may be made of light metal, steel or a non-metallic material.

The lateral containment of the explosive field / explosive fields shall be designed in accordance with the parameters specific to the specific parameters. The dynamic effectiveness derives both from the physical / mechanical principles and from the specific properties of the layers / interfaces involved in the passage of shock waves. The interfaces between the dynamic middle layer and the internal dams and adjacent materials are crucial. The properties of the interface with respect to the passage behavior of the shock waves are described by the so-called reflection coefficient (RK). This determines the reflectance of the shock waves in the interface between two condensed media by the ratio RK = (m-1) / (m + 1) with m> 1 as the quotient of the products density (p) and longitudinal sound velocity / bar-wave velocity (c) of the materials involved.

The passage of the shock waves in the boundary layer of both materials then takes place without reflection, if the products (p x c) of the components are the same. For approximate estimation, the data of selected substance pairings are listed (pxc of both materials; m; RK): St / Cu 4.1 / 3.3; 1.23; 0.11 (i.e., at the interface between steel and copper, about 11% of the shock wave energy is reflected); St / Al 4.1 / 1.4; 11.7; 0.49 (reflectance about 49%); St / explosive 4.1 / 0.12; 33.9; 0.94 (reflectance 94%); Al / explosive 1.4 / 0.12; 11.7; 0.84 (reflectance about 84%); St / plastic 4.1 / 0.63; 6.54; 0.73 (reflectance about 73%); Plastic / explosive 0.63 / 0.12; 5.25; 0.68 (reflectance about 68%). The material-specific properties of the laterally insulating webs and the covers of the explosive fields must be used to correspondingly influence the part of the directly transmitted shockwave energy. This circumstance is decisive for the acceleration of the coating materials and the achievable final speeds. Field tests with arrangements according to the invention have confirmed this.

In a preferred embodiment, the pyrotechnic protective structure according to the invention consists of a carrier (rear cover) of any shape inclined in the area of impact or impact of the threat onto which the at least one pyrotechnic protective surface (reactive middle layer) is applied. By firing the element (s), both shock waves and reaction gases are formed which accelerate the depositions both against and in the direction of the impending threat. As a result, both the front powerful beam elements and a considerable part of the rear / remaining beam length are deflected / disturbed in shaped charges, thereby decisively reducing the penetration power of the threat. The pyrotechnic structure exerts little or no end ballistic relevant or destructive influences on the environment, ie neither on the outside / the battlefield nor on the structure to be protected.

It is a very simple and basic protection arrangement, which is basically subject to no limitations or restrictive technical specifications. This leads to a level of innovation that is not achieved by any previously known reactive protection arrangement. In addition, the presented protective surface is suitable to effect a strong increase in the level of protection in a number of known armor both by an upstream circuit as well as by integration.

In principle, pyrotechnic protective surfaces according to the invention can be combined with protective arrangements against P charges or KE threats. In any case, small dead masses are needed when optimizing against several types of threats.

Of course, despite the generally unrestricted freedom of action a reasonable ratio of the parameters involved must be respected. In conventional reactive armor, the effectiveness is critically dependent on sizing requirements. By contrast, in the present invention, only a few conditions have to be taken into account due to the system. Although these generally apply to all reactive arrangements, they are to be made more favorable in the arrangement according to the invention. These include, for example, the minimum explosive thickness for ensuring a rapid initiation and a detonation passing through with as high a velocity as possible. Due to the all-round damming the usual minimum values can be significantly undercut. Other prerequisites arise from the geometric conditions and from the relationship between threat and Schutzflächendimensionierung. Here, the materials used, such as the type of explosive or corresponding admixtures up to the number and arrangement of the partial surfaces or the protective surfaces are taken into account.

Due to the design and the high efficiency of a pyrotechnic protective surface according to the invention, the explosive surface to be occupied and thus the expended explosive mass per protective element compared to previously known reactive armor significantly be lower. After a large number of tests under realistic conditions, it can be assumed that adequate protective performances are achieved with partial areas of the order of 30 mm × 50 mm. This makes it possible to reduce the detonating explosive mass by a factor of 10 to 20 compared with conventional reactive protective arrangements. As a guideline for the design, the thickness of the explosive coverings can be about 50% of the mean beam diameter at an angle between the defense area and the threat of more than 45 °.

The explosive films or the assignments may have varying thicknesses. As a result, for example, the effectiveness of a partial surface, for example to compensate for different depths of protection or jobs can be influenced. In connection with the disturbance of the fast beam parts in the tip region by sufficiently high speeds and by suitable assignments of the reactive components, very broad-band arrangements with high overall efficiency can result. The influence of shock wave transmission has already been pointed out.

Over a thicker support layer or interface between the explosive sheets having additional physical properties (eg, dynamic behavior or specific properties to shockwaves and their propagation), the depth of engagement can be increased, i. Multiple beam particles and thus a larger beam length in the target passage can be disturbed. Known, dynamically compacted by explosives glass body affect such a structure. However, these are relatively difficult in the known arrangements not least due to the required thicknesses and associated lateral dimensions in the mass balance of armor. The intermediate layers in arrangements according to the invention have other objectives and are also completely different dimensions.

In the case of reactive armor, the influence of the element size or the accelerated area / partial area on the damming and thus on the speeds that can be achieved by the accelerated components is more decisive Importance. This speed reduction can be on the order of 50%, so this influence can override other target-specific parameters. At very low occupation masses or at free explosive layers the influence of the element size becomes correspondingly smaller. In the first approximation he has no influence on the velocity of the gas bubbles. This results in a further advantage in arrangements according to the present invention. In particular, the very important interpretation of module size and impact in peripheral areas are positively influenced. By a multilayer structure of the carrier, this can also serve as a control element for the energy and signal transfer between the individual protection components.

The explosive layers required for pyrotechnic protective surfaces according to the invention have only low demands on manufacturing tolerances, surface quality and production methods. This greatly increases the scope in the design of protective elements.

A further improvement results from the basically known method of proving the surfaces of the pyrotechnic layers with materials of different densities and different properties up to a desired dynamic decomposition behavior. Advantageous for such assignments in addition to the usual reactive arrangements for materials such as steel, titanium or duralumin, materials of lower or higher density, decomposing or delaminating materials, plastics, composite materials or ceramics are used. Physically interesting substances are shock-resistant, but at relatively low deformation speeds soft materials such as rubber or polymeric materials. As materials of lower density than aluminum are, for example, metallic or non-metallic foams, as materials of higher density heavy metals, usually on a tungsten basis.

By applying the model rules introduced in ballistics, in particular the Cranz model law, geometrical transmissions can be made within wide limits. Thus, a proven in practice construction by means of physical and geometric mapping rules in very wide limits to comparable applications. Further tools for dimensioning and optimizing a protective structure are provided by numerical simulations.

The high efficiency of an arrangement according to the invention is in principle not bound to a housing. Container, housing or covers serve primarily to fix or protect the active layers against environmental influences. An improvement in the effectiveness in connection with other protective components to be combined is also conceivable. In practice, it is basically advantageous to combine the mode of action of the protective arrangement with design specifications of the object to be protected. This can range from simple hanging up to complementary protective structures. It is also possible to use such system-side devices for improving the protection performance of arrangements according to the invention, for example, by contributing to or supporting these components for the decomposition of the beam parts. This can have an advantageous effect on the required target depth. The materials of the front and / or back of the housing, possibly introduced bearing or fixing components, which may consist of one or more layers are also to optimize their effectiveness against KE projectiles and P-charges.

In a preferred embodiment, the layers of explosive and inert materials are introduced into prefabricated pockets of the protective surfaces or the protection module, whereby a simple and production-oriented adaptation of the reactive protection can be made to the object to be protected.

The design of the protective surface is completely free. It is preferably a substantially flat surface, but may also assume a curved or otherwise shaped shape. Required is only a sufficient inclination towards the direction of threat in the area of effect. Due to the high efficiency of the pyrotechnic coating, the minimum angles in the arrangement proposed here are to be interpreted as 10 ° to 15 ° lower in comparison to known reactive structures. Since it is assumed in sandwiches of conventional construction of a minimum inclination angle of 45 °, is in the present Arrangement a mean angle between threat and defense of 30 ° to 45 ° sufficient. However, larger angles also increase the efficiency, if feasible. The angle between the defense surface and the threat can be formed by the employment of the entire surface or by geometric modifications by technical or constructive measures. Thus, for example, even with respect to a threat to a sufficient effect too low inclined surface, the required inclination by corrugation, angular position or lamination can be achieved. The different embodiments of pyrotechnic protection surfaces can form a continuous surface or be constructed of individual modules with gaps or other separations (for example, surface segments, blinds, separate or interlocking modules).

The technical design of the load-bearing element (s) or the coverings of the protective surface is in principle not subject to any restrictions (for example metallic, non-metallic, structured, single-layer or multilayer). The covers may be rigid or deformable / movable, and their thicknesses may range from film thickness to a solid plate or thicker structure.

• geringstmögliche Einsatzmenge von Sprengstoff bei reaktiven Zielen;
• Detonation einer minimalen Sprengstoffmasse;
• höchstmögliche Handhabungssicherheit eines reaktiv bestückten Schutzes;
• durch die allseitige Verdämmung der Einzelfelder ist der Einsatz träger Sprengstoffe möglich;
• Möglichkeit mehrschichtiger, kombinierter Aufbauten;
• durch die allseitige Verdämmung der Einzelfelder erfolgt eine optimale Beschleunigung der Schutzelemente;
• minimale Belastung sowohl des zu schützenden Objektes als auch des Umfeldes / Gefechtsfeldes;
• flexible Anpassung an die Oberfläche des zu schützenden Objekts;
• beste Voraussetzungen für eine Nachrüstung;
• modularer Aufbau, d.h. Trennung von zu beschleunigenden Komponenten und Sprengstoffschicht möglich;
• geringere Neigungen / Anstellungen als bei herkömmlichen reaktiven Panzerungen möglich;
• durch Teilfelder ist eine mehrschichtige, mit unterschiedlichen reaktiven Belegungen möglich;
• kein oder nur geringer Leistungsverlust durch Randtreffer oder Feldrandtreffer.

The following features and advantages, which can be achieved all or at least in part in the protective arrangement according to the invention, should again be emphasized:

• minimum use of explosives for reactive targets;
• Detonation of a minimum explosive mass;
• highest possible handling safety of a reactively equipped protection;
• by the diversification of the individual fields the use of inert explosives is possible;
• Possibility of multi-layered, combined structures;
• the all-round confinement of the individual fields results in an optimal acceleration of the protective elements;
• minimal load on both the object to be protected and the environment / battlefield;
• flexible adaptation to the surface of the object to be protected;
• best conditions for retrofitting;
• Modular construction, ie separation of components to be accelerated and explosive layer possible;
• lower inclinations / employment than conventional reactive armor possible;
• by subfields is a multi-layered, with different reactive assignments possible;
• no or little performance loss due to edge hits or field edge hits.

• die Mittelschicht weist zwei oder mehr allseitig verdämmte reaktive Teilflächen oder Sprengstofffelder auf;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen der wenigstens einen reaktiven Mittelschicht sind mittels Trenrischichten bzw. innerer Verdämmungen lateral verdämmt;
• die hintere Abdeckung weist wenigstens eine Beulanordnung auf;
• die wenigstens eine reaktive Mittelschicht ist einseitig oder beidseitig mit einer Deckschicht versehen;
• die Schutzfläche weist zwei oder mehr reaktive Mittelschichten auf;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen sind unterschiedlich oder gleich groß;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen haben eine beliebige Geometrie;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen der wenigstens einen reaktiven Mittelschicht weisen wenigstens zwei Lagen mit lateral allseitig verdämmten Sprengstofffeldern auf;
• zwischen den Sprengstofffeldern von zwei solchen Lagen der reaktiven Teilflächen ist eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen einer Mittelschicht sind gleich oder unterschiedlich zueinander aufgebaut;
• eine Flächenbelegung der wenigstens einen Schutzfläche mit verdämmten reaktiven Teilflächen beträgt etwa 50% bis etwa 100%, vorzugsweise mehr als etwa 65%;
• der Neigungswinkel zwischen der wenigstens einen Schutzfläche und der Bedrohungsrichtung liegt im Bereich von etwa 30° bis etwa 70°, bevorzugter im Bereich von etwa 40° bis etwa 60°;
• eine Schutzdicke eines Sprengstofffeldes in Bedrohungsrichtung liegt im Bereich von etwa 10 mm bis etwa 14 mm;
• zwischen der reaktiven Mittelschicht und der hinteren Abdeckung ist eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet;
• die laterale Verdämmung der reaktiven Teilflächen weist einen beliebigen Querschnitt auf;
• die laterale Verdämmung der reaktiven Teilflächen besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem metallischen oder einem nicht-metallischen Material;
• die laterale Verdämmung der reaktiven Teilflächen ist im Wesentlichen homogen oder besteht aus einem Laminat bzw. mehrschichtigen Aufbau;
• die verdämmenden Trennschichten der wenigstens einen reaktiven Mittelschicht weisen geometrisch geformte oder geneigte Trennelemenete auf;
• zwischen einer reaktiven Teilfläche und einer diese lateral verdämmenden Trennschicht ist zumindest teilweise eine Grenzschicht zur Beeinflussung der Grenzschichtreflektionen angeordnet;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen der wenigstens einen Schutzfläche sind im Wesentlichen schachbrettartig oder streifenförmig angeordnet;
• die Schutzanordnung weist wenigstens zwei in Bedrohungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnete Schutzflächen mit streifenförmig angeordneten reaktiven Teilflächen auf, wobei die Streifen der reaktiven Teilflächen einer hinteren Schutzfläche gegenüber den Streifen der reaktiven Teilflächen einer vorderen Schutzfläche (im Fall von zwei Schutzflächen bevorzugt um einen Streifenabstand) versetzt angeordnet sind;
• die Schutzanordnung weist wenigstens zwei in Bedrohungsrichtung hintereinander angeordnete Schutzflächen mit schachbrettartig angeordneten reaktiven Teilflächen auf, wobei die reaktiven Teilflächen einer hinteren Schutzfläche im Wesentlichen gegenüber den reaktiven Teilflächen einer vorderen Schutzfläche versetzt angeordnet sind (im Fall von zwei Schutzflächen liegen vorzugsweise die reaktiven Teilflächen der vorderen Schutzfläche im Wesentlichen über den inerten Teilflächen der hinteren Schutzfläche);
• die vordere und die hintere Abdeckung der reaktiven Mittelschicht bzw. deren reaktiven Teilflächen besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem metallischen oder einem nicht-metallischen Material;
• die vordere und die hintere Abdeckung der reaktiven Mittelschicht bzw. deren reaktiven Teilflächen sind im Wesentlichen homogen oder bestehen aus einem Laminat bzw. Schichtaufbau;
• die Größe der vorderen und die hinteren Abdeckungen der reaktiven Mittelschicht bzw. deren reaktiven Teilflächen entspricht im Wesentlichen der Größe der Sprengstofffelder;
• die vordere und die hintere Abdeckung der reaktiven Mittelschicht bzw. deren reaktiven Teilflächen sind einschichtig oder mehrschichtig (mit oder ohne Zwischenschicht(en));
• die vordere und die hintere Abdeckung der reaktiven Mittelschicht bzw. deren reaktiven Teilflächen überragen die Sprengstofffelder der reaktiven Mittelschicht;
• die vordere und die hintere Abdeckung der reaktiven Mittelschicht bzw. deren reaktiven Teilflächen sind kombiniert einsetzbar;
• mehrere Schutzflächen sind jalousieartig angeordnet;
• mehrere Schutzflächen sind in einem Winkel zueinander angeordnet;
• zwischen der wenigstens einen Schutzfläche und dem zu schützenden Objekt ist eine Zusatzschicht zum Stören einer die wenigstens eine Schutzfläche durchdringenden (Rest-)Bedrohung mit oder ohne Abstand zu dem zu schützenden Objekt und/oder zu der wenigstens einen Schutzfläche angeordnet;
• die wenigstens eine Schutzfläche ist beweglich angeordnet;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen der wenigstens einen Mittelschicht sind austauschbar;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen der wenigstens einen Mittelschicht sind drehbar bzw. in ihrer Neigung verstellbar;
• die reaktiven Teilflächen und/oder die Sprengstofffelder sind pyrotechnisch miteinander verknüpft;
• die wenigstens eine Schutzfläche weist eine Umhüllung oder ein Gehäuse auf;
• die Sprengstofffelder sind mit einer pyrotechnischen oder mechanischen Zündhilfe versehen;
• die vordere und/oder die hintere Abdeckung sind an ihren der wenigstens einen reaktiven Mittelschicht zugewandten Seiten zumindest teilweise thermisch und/oder mechanisch behandelt;
• die vordere Abdeckung besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Material, das auf Grund seiner Dicke und/oder seiner mechanischen Eigenschaften bei der Detonation des Sprengstoffs im Wesentlichen entsprechend der Größe der reaktiven Teilfläche ausgestanzt wird;
• die wenigstens eine Schutzfläche bildet eine modulare Einheit;
• die wenigstens eine Schutzfläche weist auf ihrer Vorderseite und/oder ihrer Rückseite eine Abdeckschicht auf;
• die vordere und/oder die hintere Abdeckung sind mit der wenigstens einen reaktiven Mittelschicht mittels einer Schraubverbindung, einer Klebeverbindung und/oder einer Vulkanisation verbunden.

The following preferred features may be implemented individually or in combination in a reactive protection arrangement according to the invention:

• the middle layer has two or more reactive sides or explosive fields dammed on all sides;
• the reactive sub-areas of the at least one reactive middle layer are laterally blocked by means of trench layers or internal embedding;
• the rear cover has at least one buckling arrangement;
• the at least one reactive middle layer is provided on one or both sides with a cover layer;
• the protective surface has two or more reactive middle layers;
• the reactive faces are different or the same size;
• the reactive faces have any geometry;
• the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one reactive middle layer have at least two layers with explosive fields which are laterally dammed on all sides;
• between the explosive fields of two such layers of the reactive partial surfaces, an intermediate layer is arranged;
• the reactive sub-areas of a middle layer are the same or different from each other;
• a surface coverage of the at least one protective surface with dammed reactive partial surfaces is about 50% to about 100%, preferably more than about 65%;
• the angle of inclination between the at least one guard surface and the direction of threat is in the range of about 30 ° to about 70 °, more preferably in the range of about 40 ° to about 60 °;
• a protective thickness of an explosive field in the direction of threat is in the range of about 10 mm to about 14 mm;
• between the reactive middle layer and the back cover is disposed an intermediate layer;
• the lateral damming of the reactive partial surfaces has an arbitrary cross-section;
• the lateral confinement of the reactive partial surfaces consists essentially of a metallic or a non-metallic material;
• the lateral damming of the reactive partial surfaces is substantially homogeneous or consists of a laminate or multilayer structure;
• the damming separation layers of the at least one reactive middle layer have geometrically shaped or inclined separation elements;
• between a reactive partial surface and a laterally damming separating layer is at least partially disposed an interface for influencing the boundary layer reflections;
• the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one protective surface are substantially arranged in a checkerboard or strip pattern;
• the protective arrangement has at least two protective surfaces arranged one behind the other in the direction of threat with strip-shaped reactive partial surfaces, wherein the strips of the reactive partial surfaces of a rear protective surface are offset relative to the strips of the reactive partial surfaces of a front protective surface (in the case of two protective surfaces preferably by one strip spacing);
• the protective arrangement has at least two protective surfaces arranged one behind the other in the direction of threat, with reactive partial areas arranged in a checkerboard pattern, the reactive partial areas of a rear protective area being substantially offset relative to the reactive partial areas of a front protective area (in the case of two protective areas, the reactive partial areas of the front protective area are preferably located essentially over the inert partial surfaces of the rear protection surface);
• the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces consists essentially of a metallic or a non-metallic material;
• the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces are substantially homogeneous or consist of a laminate or layer structure;
• the size of the front and the rear covers of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces corresponds substantially to the size of the explosive fields;
• the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces are single-layered or multi-layered (with or without intermediate layer (s));
• the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces project beyond the explosive fields of the reactive middle layer;
• the front and the rear cover of the reactive middle layer or their reactive partial surfaces can be used in combination;
• several protective surfaces are arranged like a jalousie;
• a plurality of protective surfaces are arranged at an angle to each other;
• between the at least one protective surface and the object to be protected, an additional layer for disturbing a (residual) threat penetrating the at least one protective surface is arranged with or without distance to the object to be protected and / or to the at least one protective surface;
• the at least one protective surface is movably arranged;
• the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one middle layer are exchangeable;
• the reactive partial surfaces of the at least one middle layer are rotatable or adjustable in their inclination;
• the reactive partial surfaces and / or the explosive fields are pyrotechnically linked to one another;
• the at least one protective surface has an enclosure or a housing;
• the explosive fields are provided with a pyrotechnic or mechanical ignition aid;
• the front and / or the rear cover are at least partially thermally and / or mechanically treated on their sides facing the at least one reactive middle layer;
• the front cover consists essentially of a material which, due to its thickness and / or its mechanical properties, is punched out during the detonation of the explosive essentially in accordance with the size of the reactive partial surface;
• the at least one protective surface forms a modular unit;
• the at least one protective surface has a covering layer on its front side and / or its rear side;
• the front and / or the rear cover are connected to the at least one reactive middle layer by means of a screw connection, an adhesive connection and / or a vulcanization.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1

schematische Schnittansicht des Grundaufbaus einer Schutzanordnung entsprechend der Erfindung mit dem zu schützenden Objekt 1 und einer Schutzfläche 4 sowie den reaktiven Teilflächen 4A der reaktiven Mittelschicht 11;

Fig. 2

Ansichten des grundsätzlichen Aufbaus der reaktiven Mittelschicht 11 mit den vorderen und hinteren Deckschichten 11A und 11B als Komponenten der Schutzfläche 4;

Fig. 3

Ansichten des Aufbaus mit einer vorderen und einer hinteren beschleunigten, flächenhaften Abdeckung 5 bzw. 9;

Fig. 4A bis 4C

drei Beispiele für eine Schutzanordnung mit reaktiven Flächenelementen / Schutzflächen 4 bzw. Teilbelegungen 4A und unterschiedlichen hinteren / rückseitigen Belegungen / Abdeckungen;

Fig. 4A

rückseitige Abdeckung der reaktiven Mittelschicht 11 mittels einer zu beschleunigenden homogenen Platte 9, wobei sich zwischen der Platte 9 und der Sprengstofffläche 11 eine Abdeckschicht 11 B befindet;

Fig. 4B

rückseitige Abdeckung der sprengstoffbelegten Fläche 11 mittels einer Beulplattenanordnung / Beulstruktur 10, bestehend aus der vorderen Platte 9, der hinteren Platte 9A und einer Zwischenschicht 9B;

Fig. 4C

rückseitige Abdeckung der sprengstoffbelegten Fläche 11 mittels einer reaktiv beschleunigten Platte 9 und einer zu dieser mittels einer Zwischenschicht 35 beabstandeten Beulanordnung 10;

Fig. 5

Schutzfläche 4 (hier in Anlehnung an das Beispiel von Fig. 4) mit den reaktiven Teilflächen 4A mit durchgehender / vollflächiger beidseitiger Belegung durch zu beschleunigende Flächen 5 und 9 bzw. 10, als Vergleichsbeispiel;

Fig. 6

Schutzfläche 4 mit segmentierter Belegung (Teilflächenbelegung) mittels der Flächenelemente 4A und einer segmentierten Belegung der vorderen beschleunigten Flächen durch die Teilflächen 5A sowie einer durchgehenden / vollflächigen rückseitigen Belegung 9, 10, als Vergleichsbeispiel;

Fig. 7

Schutzfläche 4 mit durchgängiger, mittels der Detonation des Sprengstoffes zu durchstanzenden vorderen, ganzflächigen Belegung 5 und einer segmentierten Belegung der beschleunigten rückwärtigen Teilflächen 9C sowie einer den Sprengstoff abdeckenden Teilflächenschicht 11C, als Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;

Fig. 8

Schnittansicht einer Schutzfläche 4 mit einer reaktiven Schicht 11 und geometrisch gestalteten, verdämmenden lateralen Trennelementen, wobei hier die Anordnung entsprechend Fig. 3 und 4 mit keilförmigen Stegen 8A, einer durchgehenden vorderen Belegung 5 und einer Beulanordnung 10 als hintere Belegung versehen ist;

Fig. 9

Schnittansicht einer Schutzfläche 4 mit einer reaktiven Schicht 11 und geometrisch gestalteten, verdämmenden Trennelementen, wobei hier die Anordnung entsprechend Fig. 3 und 4A mit angestellten / schräg stehenden (horizontalen oder vertikalen) verdämmenden Stegen 8B versehen ist;

Fig. 10

Schnittansicht von zwei Schutzflächen 4 bzw. 4A mit der reaktiven Schicht 11 und Übergangsschichten zwischen den verdämmenden Komponenten und dem Sprengstoff 7, wobei oben eine vordere, flächenhafte Übergangsschicht 13 zwischen 5 und 7 und unten eine innere, laterale Übergangsschicht 13A zwischen 8 und 7 gezeigt sind;

Fig. 11

Schnittansicht von zwei Schutzflächen 4 bzw. 4A mit der reaktiven Schicht 11 und beschleunigten, teilflächigen oder vollflächigen vorderen Elementen sowie einer rückseitigen zu beschleunigenden Belegungen 9 mit einer Übergangsschicht (11 B oder 17A) zwischen 7 und 9, wobei oben eine Doppelbelegung 17 und 17A beschleunigter Elemente und unten eine Zwischenschicht 16 zwischen den beiden Sprengstoffflächen 7A und 7A gezeigt sind;

Fig. 12

zwei Beispiele für vordere Teilflächenbelegungen 4A und deren Befestigung / Anordnung über doppelbelegten Sprengstofffeldern 7, 7A, wobei oben eine Teilflächenbelegung 5A mit Klemmstreifen / Befestigungsstreifen / Befestigungselementen 15 und unten eine Anordnung wie oben, jedoch mit (zum Beispiel geklebten oder vulkanisierten) Teilelementen 5A und äußerer Deckschicht / Schutzschicht 14 veranschaulicht sind;

Fig. 13

eine Schnittansicht von zwei weiteren Schutzanordnungen mit mehrschichtigen, reaktiv beschleunigten Teilflächenelementen und lateralen Verdämmungen 8, wobei oben eine Teilflächenbelegung der reaktiven Schicht 11 mittels Teilflächen 5A und einer mittels 8 beabstandeten (und ggf. auch fixierten) flächenhaften vorderen Abdeckung 5 und unten eine Anordnung entsprechend Fig. 12, jedoch mit kürzeren inneren Verdämmungen 8 zum Ermöglichen einer Anpressung von 5 bzw. 5A auf 7 gezeigt sind;

Fig. 14

einen Aufbau einer Schutzfläche 4 gemäß der Erfindung aus sprengstoffbelegten Feldern 4A mit gleichem oder unterschiedlichem Aufbau und einer äußeren Verdämmung / einem äußerer Befestigungsrahmen 6;

Fig. 15

ein weiteres Beispiel für den Aufbau einer Schutzfläche 4 aus sprengstoffbelegten Feldern 4A unterschiedlicher Größe oder auch unterschiedlichem Aufbau (zum Beispiel einzeln oder in Gruppen zusammengefasst);

Fig. 16

Aufbau und Anordnung einer reaktiven Schutzfläche / Schutzebene gemäß der Erfindung mit aus reaktiven Elementen 4 gebildeten Flächen, wobei hier ein einschichtiger Aufbau der reaktiven Schutzfläche 20 aus abgewinkelten Teilelementen 4 gezeigt ist;

Fig. 17

parallele reaktive Schutzflächen 21 (z. B. entsprechend Fig. 16);

Fig. 18

eine doppelschichtige, spiegelbildlich angeordnete reaktive Schutzfläche 22 (zum Beispiel entsprechend Fig. 16);

Fig. 19

Schutzfläche / Schutzebene / Schutzzone mit jalousieartigem Aufbau;

Fig. 20

Schutzaufbau mit jalousieartiger vorgelagerter reaktiver Schutzfläche 24, gebildet aus den reaktiven Schutzflächen 4 in Kombination mit den ebenfalls reaktiven Flächen 25 und/oder 26 (oben: Teilflächen 4, 25 und 26 mit größerem Abstand zueinander; unten: die Teilflächen 4, 25 und 26 bilden zusammen eine kombinierte Schutzschicht);

Fig. 21

Schutzanordnung mit zwei Schutzflächen 4 mit sprengstoffbelegten Feldern 4A und inerten / sprengstofffreien Feldern 4B in schachbrettartiger, sich ergänzender / überlappender Belegung 27;

Fig. 22

Ansicht einer Schutzanordnung mit zwei Schutzflächen 4 mit sprengstoffbelegten Feldern Streifen 4A und inerten / sprengstofffreien Feldern 4B in streifenförmiger, sich ergänzender Belegung 28;

Fig. 23

zwei Beispiele für den Aufbau einer reaktiven Schutzfläche 4 mit reaktiven Flächenelementen 4A (oben: doppelschichtige, überlappende vordere Verdämmung mittels beschleunigter Teilflächen 29 und vollflächiger Belegung 5; unten: doppelschichtige, überlappende vordere Verdämmung mittels beschleunigter Teilflächen 30 und einer vorderen Deckschicht / Vulkanisationsschicht 31);

Fig. 24

Aufbau aus zwei um 90 Grad versetzten reaktiven Flächen A und B mit streifenartiger, einschichtiger Belegung;

Fig. 25

zwei Beispiele des Aufbaus eines reaktiven Schutzes 4 entsprechend der Erfindung mit einer doppelreaktiven Schutzschicht 11 E mit innerer Trennschicht 32 und doppelschichtiger / mehrschichtiger vorderer und hinterer Verdämmung mittels zu beschleunigender teilflächiger Elemente 5A und 30;

Fig. 26

drei Beispiele für Zündhilfen (oben: zündunterstützende pyrotechnische Schicht 33 zwischen 5 und 7; Mitte: zündunterstützende mechanische Anordnung 34 zwischen 5 und 7; unten: zündunterstützendes Element (zum Beispiel Zündpille) 35, eingebettet in 7 (kann auch in 5 integriert sein oder in einer besonderen Zwischenschicht)), wobei bei diesen Beispielen eine stoßübertragende oder auch die Detonationswirkung vermindernde (streuende) Schicht 36 zwischen Sprengstoff und Beulanordnung 10 vorgesehen ist; und

Fig. 27

drei Beispiele für Schutzflächen mit unterschiedlich positionierten, zusätzlichen Schutzschichten, Wandungen oder Behältern (oben: vorgelagerte, gegenüber der reaktiven Schutzzone beabstandete Schicht 38; Mitte: Aufbau wie oben, jedoch mit einer zusätzlichen Schicht zwischen der reaktiven Schutzzone und dem Ziel 1; unten: doppelschichtige Anordnung zwischen der reaktiven Schicht und dem Ziel 1).

The above and other features, advantages and applications of the invention will become more apparent from the following description of various embodiments and detailed descriptions of the operation of individual components and explanations of the processes in the case of incident and penetrating threats with reference to the accompanying drawings (mainly as schematic sectional views). Show:

Fig. 1

schematic sectional view of the basic structure of a protective device according to the invention with the object to be protected 1 and a protective surface 4 and the reactive partial surfaces 4A of the reactive middle layer 11;

Fig. 2

Views of the basic structure of the reactive middle layer 11 with the front and rear cover layers 11A and 11B as components of the protective surface 4;

Fig. 3

Views of the structure with a front and a rear accelerated, areal cover 5 and 9;

FIGS. 4A to 4C

three examples of a protective arrangement with reactive surface elements / protective surfaces 4 or partial occupancy 4A and different rear / rear coverings / covers;

Fig. 4A

rear cover of the reactive agent layer 11 by means of a homogeneous plate 9 to be accelerated, wherein between the plate 9 and the explosive surface 11, a cover layer 11 B is located;

Fig. 4B

rear cover of the explosive-deposited surface 11 by means of a Beulplattenanordnung / Beulstruktur 10, consisting of the front plate 9, the rear plate 9A and an intermediate layer 9B;

Fig. 4C

Back cover of the explosive-coated surface 11 by means of a reactively accelerated plate 9 and a spaced apart by means of an intermediate layer 35 Beulanordnung 10;

Fig. 5

Protective area 4 (here based on the example of Fig. 4 ) with the reactive partial surfaces 4A with continuous / full-surface double-sided occupancy by surfaces to be accelerated 5 and 9 or 10, as a comparative example;

Fig. 6

Protective surface 4 with segmented occupancy (partial area occupancy) by means of the surface elements 4A and a segmented occupancy of the front accelerated surfaces by the partial surfaces 5A and a continuous / full-surface rear occupancy 9, 10, as a comparative example;

Fig. 7

Protective surface 4 with continuous, to be punched by the detonation of the explosive front, full-surface occupancy 5 and a segmented occupancy of the accelerated rear faces 9C and an explosive covering partial surface layer 11C, as an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 8

Sectional view of a protective surface 4 with a reactive layer 11 and geometrically designed, damming lateral separating elements, in which case the arrangement according to 3 and 4 is provided with wedge-shaped webs 8A, a continuous front occupancy 5 and a buckling arrangement 10 as rear occupancy;

Fig. 9

Sectional view of a protective surface 4 with a reactive layer 11 and geometrically designed, damming separating elements, in which case the arrangement corresponding Fig. 3 and 4A provided with salaried / inclined (horizontal or vertical) damming webs 8B;

Fig. 10

Sectional view of two protective surfaces 4 and 4A, respectively, with the reactive layer 11 and transition layers between the damming components and the explosive 7, with a front, transient transitional layer 13 between 5 and 7 at the top and an inner, lateral transitional layer 13A between 8 and 7 at the bottom ;

Fig. 11

Sectional view of two protective surfaces 4 and 4A with the reactive layer 11 and accelerated, part-surface or full-surface front elements and a back-to-accelerating assignments 9 with a transition layer (11 B or 17 A) between 7 and 9, above a double assignment 17 and 17A accelerated Elements and below an intermediate layer 16 between the two explosive surfaces 7A and 7A are shown;

Fig. 12

two examples of front partial surface coverings 4A and their attachment / arrangement on double-occupied explosive fields 7, 7A, above a partial surface coverage 5A with clamping strips / fastening strips / fasteners 15 and below an arrangement as above, but with (for example glued or vulcanized) sub-elements 5A and outer Cover layer / protective layer 14 are illustrated;

Fig. 13

a sectional view of two further protective arrangements with multi-layered, reactively accelerated partial surface elements and lateral Dämämmungen 8, wherein above a partial surface coverage of the reactive layer 11 by means of partial surfaces 5A and spaced by 8 (and possibly also fixed) planar front cover 5 and below an arrangement accordingly Fig. 12 but are shown with shorter internal dams 8 for allowing pressing of 5 and 5A, respectively, onto FIG. 7;

Fig. 14

a structure of a protective surface 4 according to the invention of explosive-applied fields 4A of the same or different construction and an outer damming / outer mounting frame 6;

Fig. 15

a further example of the construction of a protective surface 4 of explosive-coated fields 4A different size or different structure (for example, individually or in groups);

Fig. 16

Structure and arrangement of a reactive protective surface / protective plane according to the invention with surfaces formed from reactive elements 4, wherein here a single-layer structure of the reactive protective surface 20 is shown from angled sub-elements 4;

Fig. 17

parallel reactive protective surfaces 21 (eg correspondingly Fig. 16 );

Fig. 18

a double-layered, mirror-image arranged reactive protective surface 22 (for example, accordingly Fig. 16 );

Fig. 19

Protective surface / protection level / protection zone with louvered structure;

Fig. 20

Protective structure with louver-like upstream reactive protective surface 24, formed from the reactive protective surfaces 4 in combination with the likewise reactive surfaces 25 and / or 26 (above: partial surfaces 4, 25 and 26 at a greater distance from each other; bottom: the surfaces 4, 25 and 26 together form a combined protective layer);

Fig. 21

Protection arrangement with two protective surfaces 4 with explosive fields 4A and inert / explosive-free fields 4B in checkerboard, complementary / overlapping occupation 27;

Fig. 22

View of a protective arrangement with two protective surfaces 4 with explosive-filled fields strip 4A and inert / explosives-free fields 4B in strip-shaped, complementary occupancy 28;

Fig. 23

two examples of the construction of a reactive protective surface 4 with reactive surface elements 4A (above: double-layered, overlapping front insulation by means of accelerated partial surfaces 29 and full-surface coverage 5, bottom: double-layered overlapping front insulation by means of accelerated partial surfaces 30 and a front cover layer / vulcanization layer 31);

Fig. 24

Construction of two 90 ° offset reactive surfaces A and B with strip-like, single-layer coverage;

Fig. 25

two examples of the construction of a reactive protection 4 according to the invention with a double-reactive protective layer 11 E with inner separating layer 32 and double-layer / multilayer front and rear damming by means of accelerated part-surface elements 5A and 30;

Fig. 26

three examples of ignition aids (above: ignition assisting pyrotechnic layer 33 between 5 and 7; center: ignition assisting mechanical assembly 34 between 5 and 7; bottom: ignition assisting member (eg squib) 35 embedded in FIG. 7 (may also be integrated in FIG a special intermediate layer)), wherein in these examples a shock-transmitting or the detonation effect decreasing (scattering) layer 36 is provided between explosive and buckling assembly 10; and

Fig. 27

three examples of protective surfaces with differently positioned additional protective layers, walls or containers (top: upstream, opposite the reactive protection zone spaced layer 38, center: construction as above, but with an additional layer between the reactive protection zone and the target 1, bottom: double-layered Arrangement between the reactive layer and the target 1).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the basic structure of a protective device according to the invention with the object to be protected 1 and one of these upstream / upstream reactive protective surface 4 with the reactive sub-elements / sub-areas 4A containing the explosive fields 7 of the sub-fields 4A. The layer 4 or the fields 4A is / are externally dammed by the frame 6. For the external damming through 6, the same physical rules and constructive / system-related considerations apply as for the internal dammings 8, which are explained below. At the same time, the frame 6 lends itself to the attachment of the protective surface 4 to the surface of FIG. Such a frame may also constitute an independent element into which one or more explosive-deposited layers can be introduced / inserted during assembly or in a modular construction. This makes it possible to equip the protective device with explosive only in case of need.

The reactive protective surface 4 is inclined relative to the threat, symbolized by the arrow 3, by the angle 2. About the inclination angle 2 have already been specified. The reactive middle layer 11 of the protective surface 4 (cf. Fig. 2 ) is provided either partially or over the entire area both with front (the threat facing) and with rear occupations 5 and 9 respectively. The impending threat 3 ignites the corresponding / acted explosive field 7 and accelerates the components 5 and 9. It is a a special feature of the present invention that, in spite of the small amounts of detonating explosives next to a single-layer / single-layer rear cover both multi-layer / multi-layer covers and protective combinations with special ballistic properties such as Beulplatten or buckling assemblies 10 (see. Fig. 4 ) which are dynamically effective in comparison to conventional reactive protective structures.

In Fig. 2 the basic structure of a reactive layer 11 is shown with the front and rear cover layers 11A and 11B as part of the protective layer 4 with reactive, dammed surface elements 4A according to the invention. The layer denoted by 11 comprises both the explosive / explosive fields 7 with the inner baffles 8 (confinement between the explosive fields) as well as possibly provided front and / or rear covers / protective layers (11A and 11B). These serve, for example, the protection of the layer 11 or the fields 4A in a modular construction, in which such layers with the subfields 4A represent separately manageable components. Shown with is the upper outer cover / the outer frame 6, which is integrated in this example in the layer 11.

The layers 11A and 11B are not intended to represent independent assignments within the meaning of components 5 or 9, but are to be understood only as outer boundary layers of the explosive. Therefore, they are included in the drawings. In special cases, the layers 11A and 11B may be given special properties, such as in Fig. 4A shown. With a modular construction, they can serve the mechanical stability of the layer 11. In the extreme case, they can also be regarded as the minimum containment of explosive fields 7. Likewise, the boundary layer 11A and / or 11B may influence the confinement of the explosive field 7 by virtue of its physical properties.

Fig. 3 shows a structure according to the invention with the pyrotechnic layer 11 and a front and a rear accelerated, areal cover 5 and 9, respectively. The right part of the figure shows the top view AA. In this view, the further Eindämmungen 8 A are shown, the functioning in the Do not match 8 but different dimensions or different properties (materials, structures) may have. This is intended to illustrate that the inner damming grid or the inner damming strips or other geometric arrangements can basically be made freely and largely independent of each other. You only need to meet the requirement for the smallest possible single field size with optimal functionality.

To reduce an energy transfer by shock waves in the neighboring fields, it may be appropriate to introduce 8 air gaps in the webs.

FIGS. 4A to 4C Figure 3 shows three examples of a protective layer with reactive surface elements / protective layers 4 and 4A and different reactive accelerated rear (back, rear) coverings. So in the example of Fig. 4A the back cover of the reactive layer 11 from a plate 9 to be accelerated. Between 9 and the explosive plane of Fig. 11 there is a cover layer 11B. 11B can be made such that this component together with 9 gives a buckling arrangement.

When displayed in Fig. 4B For example, the back cover of the explosive-deposited surface 7 consists of an already known and applied for many years Beulplattenanordnung / Beulstruktur 10, consisting of the front plate 9, the rear plate 9A and a layer located between these plates (insert) 9B. Usually, the insert 9B is made approximately the same thickness as the cover plates. However, in the present example, the layer 9B is made thick relative to the front and back components to obtain a larger, dynamically generated distance between the accelerated layers 9 and 9A as the buckling assembly is accelerated by the detonating explosive 7. In this way it should be achieved that the rear parts of the penetrating shaped charge jet are disturbed over a longer period of time. In the case of a penetrating balance projectile, the plate 9B may be adapted across the thickness and material to effectively deflect such threats. As a guide to the thickness of the plate 9B can According to experience, about 0.5 to 0.7 times the diameter of the threat serve as a guideline.

For the following examples, the arrangements which are in principle to be counted to the bulge or Beulanordnungen, ie the components 9, 9A and 9B in a bulge-capable arrangement, summarized in Pos 10.

Fig. 4C shows an extension of in Fig. 4B illustrated arrangement. The back cover of the explosive-coated surface 11 with the individual fields 7 takes place here by a reactively accelerated plate 9 and a buckling arrangement 10 spaced therefrom by an intermediate layer 35. The layer 35 can be assigned different properties. So this can have approximately the mode of action, which in Fig. 4B for the component 9B is described. But it can also consist of a special material or a polymeric material that has already proven itself many times to defend HL threats. Furthermore, 35 may be made of a structure such as a louvered or fabric-like structure, for example, to have particular cushioning properties or to optimally accelerate the subsequent buckling assembly 10 such that its effectiveness on the HL-beam also extends over a particularly long period of time , In the event of a threat from balancing missiles, such an accelerated arrangement 10 can achieve a similar effect to a homogeneous plate in that the threat can not penetrate the combination 10 and is deflected there by the temporal extension and thus the ultimate ballistic performance is decisively reduced.

In Fig. 5 to 7 Also shown is the effectiveness of various arrangements. They illustrate the wide range of applications of reactive structures according to the construction described above with different reactive protection arrangements. At the same time, the serious differences to known reactive arrangements become visible. The illustrated examples can be extended as desired by the person skilled in the art, for example, the structures of the different, shown in the various figures Arranged arrangements in a meaningful way or combined so that optimal effects can be achieved.

In the Fig. 5 to 7 For example, arrangements described may also be modified by applying coatings on both sides of the layer 11 which are punched out as fields by the detonating explosive. Also, the explosive field on one side, on both sides or on all sides superior assignments or multi-layer, partial or full-surface assignments both in the front and in the rear area are equally applicable.

Fig. 5 shows the interaction of a protective surface (here based on the example of Fig. 4 5). The detonation of the explosive field 7 accelerates both coverage areas (FIG. 5B and 9C) and laterally touches the penetrating hollow charge jet 3. The reactive acceleration or acceleration The speed of the accelerated components is symbolized by the arrows 12. In Fig. 5 to 7 the arrows are different in size and are thus intended to illustrate the different expected speeds for the various arrangements.

Fig. 6 shows the interaction of a protective surface 4 with segmented / partial area occupation (partial area occupation) by means of the surface elements 4A of the front accelerated surfaces by the partial surfaces 5A and a continuous / full-area back cover 10. 5C symbolizes the accelerated by the detonation of the explosive field 7 partial area 5A. The arrow 12 for the achieved speed is compared to Fig. 5 Significantly larger, since not the occupancy of the non-detonating neighboring elements with accelerated or must be pulled. Although the invention is basically characterized by the occupancy of the reactive surface 11 by means of subfields 4A, arrangements with accelerated subareas 5A (alternatively or also in combination with corresponding subfields on the back side of FIG. 11) are due to the very rapid acceleration and very high disk speed especially against shaped charges very effective.

Fig. 7 shows the interaction according to the invention of a protective surface 4 with through-going, durchzustanzenden by the detonation of the explosive front, full-area (full-area, areal) occupancy 5 and a segmented occupancy (partial area occupation) of the accelerated rear partial surfaces 9C and another, cross-sectional partial area 41 (accelerated area 41A). In Fig. 23 Such an area-wide occupancy is described in more detail.

The final speed of the punched-out partial area 5D is compared with the example in FIG Fig. 6 be slightly lower, since the formation of the surface energy must be applied, which is removed from the plate 5. However, according to all experience and simulation calculations, this proportion is considerably lower than the energy required to accelerate a co-accelerated environment. The energy required for punching can also be controlled by an appropriate choice of material of 9C, as well as by a Vorfragmentierung, for example, by linear embrittlement or by mechanical measures such as milled.

By the in 6 and 7 described arrangements are achieved in comparison to areal occupancies much higher Störplattengeschwindigkeiten and thus correspondingly higher protection benefits. This in Fig. 5 As far as the speeds of the accelerated surfaces are concerned, the example shown is more comparable to conventional reactive protection arrangements. However, the used and in particular the detonating explosive mass are much lower. Nevertheless, by means of arrangements according to the invention, comparable protection performances can be achieved because usually those with accelerated outer surface portions do not interact with the threat.

In Fig. 8 is the schematic sectional view of a protective surface 4 with the reactive layer 11 and geometrically shaped, damming, lateral separating elements shown. Illustrated by way of example is an arrangement accordingly 3 and 4 with wedge-shaped webs 8A for internal damming of a continuous front, full-surface occupancy 5 and a rear buckling assembly 10. It can be for 8A any geometric shapes and also a variety of Materials are used; in addition to steel, for example, light metal or plastic. The decisive factor is the assumption that the detonation does not spread to the neighboring field (s).

The requirement for internal containment makes it possible, within certain limits, to differentiate the effect due to the detonation of the explosive in both directions. In the example shown, contrary to the threat direction, a greater explosive effect than in the direction of the bellows arrangement or the target is to be expected.

Embodiments of the zone 11 not only allow a directional control of the explosive effect, but they can also contribute to a further reduction of the explosive to be used or detonated. This is of particular interest in connection with thicker explosive layers. Basically, it may be linear, rectangular or free designs of the explosive fields 7.

Fig. 9 shows a protective surface 4 with the reactive layer 11 and geometrically designed, employed / inclined damming separating elements. Shown are arrangements accordingly Fig. 3 and 4A with (horizontal or vertical) damming webs 8B.

In Fig. 10 to 13 Further embodiments of arrangements according to the invention are shown. So shows Fig. 10 The sectional view of two protective surfaces 4 and 4A with the reactive layer 11 and transition layers between the damming components and the explosive 7. The upper partial image contains a front, surface transition layer 13 between 5 and 7. This layer 13 can according to the physical requirements of the shock wave passage (acoustic impedance) between 7 and 5 or 9 be designed. The lower partial image shows a corresponding inner, lateral transitional layer 13A between 8 and 7.

Fig. 11 shows the sectional view of two protective arrangements 4 and 4A with the reactive layer 11 and accelerated, partial or full-surface front Elements and a rear side to be accelerated assignment 9 with a transition layer (11 B or 17 A) between 7 and 9 (upper part of the picture). The lower part of the picture shows a double assignment 17 and 17A of the explosives field. Between the two explosive surfaces 7A and 7B, an intermediate layer 16 can be located as a separation or as a reaction layer, for example in the sense of an initiation aid of the two explosive components (cf. Fig. 25 ).

Fig. 12 shows two examples of front partial surface coverings 4A and their attachment / arrangement over here double-occupied explosive fields 7, 7A. In the upper part of the image area patch 5A is fixed with clamping strip / fastener strip / fastener 15. The lower part of the figure shows a comparable arrangement, but with (for example, glued or vulcanized) sub-elements 5A and an outer cover layer 14. 14 may also be the wall of a container or housing or a carrier element (cf. Fig. 27 ).

Fig. 13 shows the sectional view of two further examples with multi-layered, reactively accelerated partial surface elements and lateral Dämämmungen 8. In the upper part image is a partial surface coverage of the reactive layer 11 by means of partial surfaces 5A and 8 spaced (and possibly also fixed), areal front cover 5. The lower Partial image shows an arrangement accordingly Fig. 12 but with shorter internal dams 8 to allow for 5 to 5A pressing on 7.

It follows from the described geometric properties of protective surfaces according to the invention that the design of such reactive protective surfaces is virtually unlimited. The protection can be adapted to any surface shape. Also, the design of a protective surface with different sub-elements is possible.

FIGS. 14 and 15 show two reactive protective surfaces with different partial surface fields. Fig. 14 shows an example of the construction of a protective layer 4 of explosive-applied fields 4A of the same or different construction and an outer damming / a mounting frame. 6

Fig. 15 shows another example of the structure of a protective layer 4 of explosive-coated fields 4A different size or different structure (for example, individually or in groups).

For protective surfaces according to the invention, the object to be protected is preceded in principle by a reactive protective arrangement, which is employed in the impact area of the threat with respect to its direction. The angular range of this inclination / employment is, as already explained, preferably between 30 ° and 45 °. However, it can be designed between 20 ° and 70 ° depending on the field size. The angle or angular range to be selected results from the expected speeds of the accelerated elements and the area of the object to be protected which is to be covered in front of a surface element.

This reactive protection arrangement may extend as a planar structure over the entire target surface, for example in the form of the FIGS. 14 and 15 shown protective surface 4, or composed of several individual protective surfaces 4. Fig. 16 to 20 show examples for this.

So is in Fig. 16 an example of the construction of an arrangement of a reactive protective surface / protection level according to the invention by means of a surface formed from reactive elements 4 shown. This is a single-surface structure 20 of angled sub-elements. 4

Fig. 17 shows an example accordingly Fig. 16 , but with parallel, reactive protective surfaces 21. It is a variety of other arrangements and combinations of such partial surfaces 4 conceivable that allow an optimal adaptation to the object to be protected. So shows Fig. 18 a further example of the structure and the arrangement of a reactive protective surface, formed from a double-layered structure of mirror-image arranged reactive protective surfaces 22 (for example, according to Fig. 16 ).

In Fig. 19 the protective surface / protection plane / protection zone with the individual reactive protection components 4 has a louver-like structure 23. This makes it possible to achieve complete coverage of the target surface without inert weak points, illustrated by the two arrows symbolizing the impending threat (cf. Fig. 20 ).

In Fig. 20 Two further examples are shown. These are protective structures with louvered, upstream reactive protective surfaces 24, formed from the reactive protective surfaces 4 in combination with the likewise reactive surfaces 25 and / or 26 to achieve a secure degree of coverage and thus a secure performance depletion regardless of the location of the threat. In the upper part of the image, the partial surfaces 4, 25 and 26 have a greater distance from each other, in the lower part of the image forms the partial surfaces 4, 25 and 26 together a combined protective structure.

It is a particular merit of the reactive patches that they can be optimally combined in multilayer arrangements. As a result, the use of reactive protective surfaces with a particularly low explosive content or a low explosive occupancy is possible. So shows Fig. 21 the schematic view of a protective arrangement with two protective layers 4 with explosive fields 4A and inert / explosive-free fields 4B in checkerboard, complementary / overlapping occupation 27. In this way, a full coverage of the surface is achieved with explosive surfaces, the reactive fields of inert fields are surrounded.

Another example shows Fig. 22 , This is a protective arrangement with two protective layers 4 with explosive-coated strips 4A and inert / explosive-free strips 4B in strip-like, complementary covering 28.

Since the reactively occupied subfields 4A of the present invention can be extremely small compared to conventional reactive armor, the importance of edge hits or near-edge hits increases. Depending on the range of application, it is therefore advantageous for the sheets or surfaces to be accelerated to be accelerated in terms of their design and even to hits in the edge region vote. This is done in a particularly simple manner in that both accelerated components in the size of individual fields can be used as well as assignments with a larger area. However, these should be such that they do not cause any significant reduction in speed.

Fig. 23 shows two examples of the construction of a reactive protective layer 4 with reactive surface elements 4A with overlapping covers of the respective explosive fields. In the upper part of a double-layer, overlapping front damming by means of accelerated partial surfaces 29 and 5 full occupancy is shown. The lower partial image is a double-layered, overlapping front damming by means of accelerated partial surfaces 30 and a front cover layer / vulcanization layer 31 as well as a rear partial surface 9E which clearly projects beyond the field 4A.

Fig. 24 shows further typical examples of the configuration of arrangements according to the invention. Shown is the schematic sectional view of two examples for the construction of a reactive protection 4 with a double-reactive protective layer (denoted by 11 E in analogy to FIG. 11) and one in relation to a pure separating layer (cf. Fig. 11 ) relatively thick inner separating layer 32 (upper partial image) or a particularly highly formed separating layer 32 (lower partial image) and double-layer / multilayer front and rear damming by means of accelerating, part-surface elements 5A and 30, both of which project beyond the surface of the explosive 7.

Such massive components between the explosive surfaces 7 and 7A serve even better insulation of the explosive. Because massive limitations dam the detonating explosive more efficiently than the self-containment of the explosive itself. By such arrangements very thin explosive fields in the order of about 1.5 to 3 mm can be realized, while still a secure ignition occurs.

For application-specific reasons and with a view to the safest possible handling, the use of inert explosives is an advantage. Their ignition through however, the oncoming threat must be ensured. The support of the ignition can be done, for example, via different aids, which in Fig. 25 are shown. Shown are three examples of ignition aids. In the upper part of an ignition-assisting pyrotechnic layer 33 is provided between 5 and 7. In the middle partial image, the device supporting the ignition consists of a mechanical arrangement 34 between 5 and 7. In the lower partial image, the ignition-supporting element (for example the squib) 35 is embedded in the explosive 7. However, such ignition elements can also be integrated in FIG. 5 or be located in a special, independent intermediate layer. The ignition elements, for example, to improve the handling safety modular, ie trained on and dismountable. Also shown in these examples is a shock wave transmitting or detonating effect reducing (scattering) layer 36, in contrast to the one Fig. 4C example shown spaced from the explosive.

Fig. 26 shows a structure of two offset by 90 ° reactive surfaces A and B with strip-shaped, single-layer occupancies. The fields for receiving the explosive are here completely or partially milled into the plates. It should be noted at this point that the explosive fields need not be square, but may have any desired contour. It only has to be ensured that a sufficiently large partial area is accelerated by the corresponding explosives field.

To characterize the invention, examples of arrangements have been shown that are designed without regard to the supporting elements, the fasteners and other components such as housing or other walls. However, it can be advantageous for the overall system if such elements contribute to the overall protective effect.

Fig. 27 shows three examples of protective structures with differently positioned, additional protective layers, walls or containers. The upper part of the picture shows an upstream layer 38 which is at a distance from the reactive protection zone. In the middle part of the figure, a structure is as shown above, but with an additional layer 39 between the reactive protection zone and the target 1 Such means between the reactive surface 4 and the target surface may contribute to the disturbed beam of a shaped charge when penetrating the plate 39 undergoes further lateral forces and thereby deflected laterally more efficient. As a result, for example, with the same protection performance, the distance S between the reactive zone and the target can be shortened. The lower part of the picture shows a further design option with the lowest possible target depth. Shown is a double-layer arrangement with the components 39 and 40 between the reactive plane 4 and the target 1. The end-ballistic properties of the plate 40 can be estimated by means of already existing results with inert targets against the different threats and the plate 40 can be designed accordingly.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

object / target to be protected

2

Angle between threat direction and reactive protection arrangement

3

Threat / threat direction

4

Protective arrangement / protective area formed by the individual fields 4A

4A

reactive protective field / reactive subfield / reactive partial surface

4B

inert partial surface

5

front cover / guard plate / backing plate or front, threat side reactive accelerated plate

5A

front partial area occupancy (corresponding to 5)

5B

Reactively accelerated plate 5

5C

Reactively accelerated plate 5A

5D

partial area of 5 punched out by the detonation

5E

Reactively accelerated (the web 8) partially covering partial area

6

External insulation / outer layer / outer boundary of 4 or 4A

7

Explosives field / pyrotechnic element / pyrotechnic zone

7A

front explosives field / front pyrotechnic element (with double occupancy)

7B

rear explosive field / rear pyrotechnic element (with double occupancy)

8th

Internal insulation between the explosive fields / separating layer

8A

geometrically designed inner insulation between the explosive fields

8B

angled horizontal horizontal (or vertical) insulation

9

rear, reactively accelerated cover of 4 and 4A respectively

9A

second rear reactively accelerated plate of 4 and 4A respectively

9B

Layer between 9 and 9A

9C

reactive element to be accelerated / plate 9 to be accelerated

9D

accelerated element 9C

9E

Explosive field with the inner insulations of overlapping partial surface

10

Bump plate / buckle combination / buckling arrangement (formed from 9, 9A and 9B)

11

Middle layer / reactive zone / reactive surface / reactive surface element

11A

front cover / front cover layer of 11

11B

rear cover / back cover of 11

11C

Reactively accelerated element 11C

11D

Reactively accelerated element 11C

11E

double-reactive layer

12

speed arrow

13

Intermediate layer between 5 and 7

13A

lateral boundary layer of 7 in conjunction with 8

14

outer cover layer / vulcanization layer / explosive cover

15

Holding strip / fastening element / clamping element / non-positive or positive locking

16

Separating layer / intermediate layer between 7A and 7B

16A

Reactively accelerated component of 4A / reactively accelerated part surface

17

Interlayer between 7 and 16A

18

Distance between 5 and 5A

19

Frame / outer boundary of the protective surface 4

20

reactive protection zone with angled single fields 4A

21

reactive protection zone formed by two parallel protection elements according to FIG. 20

22

reactive protection zone with two mirrored protective elements according to 20

23

reactive blind, formed from the elements 4 and 4A

24

reactive blind, formed of different elements 4 and 4A

25

front reactive blind element, formed from elements corresponding to 4A

26

Rear reactive blind element formed from elements corresponding to 4A

27

checkerboard occupancy of the areas 4 with explosive fields 4A and inert fields

28

strip-shaped arrangement of explosive fields according to FIG. 4

29

front / threat side part cover

30

Reactively accelerated rear partial surface element (explosive field 7 overlapping)

31

outer cover / cover film

32

Partition plate / carrier plate

33

planar ignition aid

34

mechanical ignition aid

35

local / pill-like ignition aid

36

Shift between 7 and 10

37

Protection zone according to the invention with (here three) explosive occupied Streifenetementen

37A

second reactive element, rotated by 90 ° with respect to 37

38

Sheet metal / front housing wall / Vorziel

39

in front of 1 positioned protective element / rear housing wall

39A

Venetian-like deflecting layer / shock-reducing layer

40

layer

41

second, rear reactive accelerated (overlapping) face

Claims (15)

1. A reactive protection arrangement for protecting stationary or mobile objects (1) against threats (3) posed by hollow charges, projectile-forming charges or kinetic energy penetrators, which can be secured at a distance to the side of the object (1) to be protected that faces the threat (3), comprising at least one protective area (4) arranged at an inclination angle (2) relative to the threat direction, wherein said protective area (4) comprises:

   a continuous front cover (5) that faces the threat (3),

   a rear cover (9, 10) that faces away from the threat (3) and is spaced apart from said front cover (5), and

   at least one fixed or movable reactive middle layer (11) between said front cover (5) and said rear cover (9, 10),
   characterized in that
   said at least one reactive middle layer (11) comprises a plurality of reactive partial areas (4A) being plugged on all sides, and each consisting of at least one explosive field (7); and
   when a reactive partial area (4A) of said at least one reactive middle layer (11) is detonated, a partial area (5D) corresponding to the size of the detonated reactive partial area (4A) is stamped out of said front cover (5) and is accelerated to interact with the threat.
2. The protection arrangement according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   said rear cover (9, 10) comprises a bulging arrangement (10) being configured to continuously extend over a plurality of reactive partial areas (4A) of said at least one reactive middle layer (11).
3. The protection arrangement according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   said reactive partial areas (4A) of said at least one reactive middle layer (11) are laterally plugged by means of separating layers (8).
4. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   said reactive partial areas (4A) of said at least one reactive middle layer (11) comprise at least two plies of explosive fields (7A, 7B) plugged laterally on all sides.
5. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   about 50% to about 100% of the area of said at least one protective area (4) is lined with plugged reactive partial areas (4A).
6. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   said inclination angle (2) between said at least one protective area (4) and the threat direction ranges from about 30° to about 70°.
7. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that
   an intermediate layer (36) is arranged between said reactive middle layer (11) and said rear cover (9, 10).
8. The protection arrangement according to claim 3,
   characterized in that
   a boundary layer (13) is at least partially arranged between one reactive partial area (4A) and one separating layer (8) that laterally plugs the latter in order to influence the boundary layer reflections.
9. The protection arrangement according to anyone of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the protection arrangement comprises at least two protective areas (4) arranged one behind the other in the threat direction, each having a strip-formed arrangement of reactive partial areas (4A), wherein the strips of the reactive partial areas of a rear protective area are offset relative to the strips of the reactive partial areas of a front protective area.
10. The protection arrangement according to anyone of claims 1 to 8,
    characterized in that
    the protection arrangement comprises at least two protective areas (4) arranged one behind the other in the threat direction, each having a checkerboard arrangement of reactive partial areas (4A), wherein the reactive partial areas of a rear protective area are essentially offset relative to the reactive partial areas of a front protective area.
11. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    a plurality of protective areas (4) is arranged in the form of a shutter and/or at an angle relative to each other.
12. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    said reactive partial areas (4A) of said at least one middle layer (11) are rotatable or have an adjustable inclination.
13. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    said reactive partial areas (4A) and/or said explosive fields (7) are pyrotechnically interlinked.
14. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    said at least one protective area (4) comprises a shell or a housing and/or forms a modular unit.
15. The protection arrangement according to anyone of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    said explosive fields (7) are provided with a pyrotechnic or mechanical initiation aid.

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