EP2453415B1 - Method and arrangment for determining passing times at control points, in particular for sport events - Google Patents

Method and arrangment for determining passing times at control points, in particular for sport events Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2453415B1
EP2453415B1 EP20110186481 EP11186481A EP2453415B1 EP 2453415 B1 EP2453415 B1 EP 2453415B1 EP 20110186481 EP20110186481 EP 20110186481 EP 11186481 A EP11186481 A EP 11186481A EP 2453415 B1 EP2453415 B1 EP 2453415B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal strength
message
transponder
transmitter
checkpoint
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EP20110186481
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2453415A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Ritter
Steffen Rauer
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SPORTident GmbH
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SPORTident GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C1/00Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people
    • G07C1/22Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people in connection with sports or games
    • G07C1/24Race time-recorders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for detecting passing times at checkpoints, in particular at sports events, in which participants are each provided with at least one transponder.
  • the DE 100 05 169 A1 includes an identification and timing device for participants of sporting events with a stationary detection device for the evaluation of individual Codes which are transmitted by transponder carried by the participants.
  • the detection device comprises at least one antenna arrangement which receives the emitted code as the transponders approach.
  • the antenna arrangement extends at the detection location over the entire width of the competition course and comprises at least one elongated, with its longer side transverse to the competition course aligned conductor loop.
  • a method and a device for automatic timing in mass sports events are described.
  • the participants each carry a transponder with an individual code, which is read after a finish and linked to an acquisition time.
  • an internal timekeeper of the transponder is activated and its transponder time is evaluated as a correction value when determining a finish time from the acquisition time.
  • the EP 0 074 330 B1 includes a facility for identifying and determining the passage time of a plurality of moving bodies at a particular point in their path.
  • the bodies are equipped with an oscillator, each of which generates a specific frequency, by means of which an unambiguous assignment can be made.
  • a device for detecting the target passage of participants of a race, in which the participants are each equipped with a transmitter and at least two receiving antennas are present at the destination with a connected receiver.
  • the receiving antennas are arranged with substantially perpendicular to each other Richtangkeit.
  • a target pass signal is generated when the signal from the one receiving antenna is above a high first threshold and the signal of the other receiving antenna are below a low second threshold. In this way, the target passage can be determined relatively accurately.
  • the solution is relatively insensitive to near and distant disturbances.
  • the EP 1 447 681 A2 includes a method for determining the position and time of passing a control station by means of a mobile transponder.
  • the strength of the signal transmitted by the control station is determined several times.
  • the transponder sends a message with the measured signal strength to a receiver, which calculates the position of the transponder from the course of the signal strength and the time of passing the control station.
  • the WO 2007/083018 A1 shows a method and an arrangement for detecting passing times at checkpoints, especially at sports events.
  • the arrangement comprises two transmitters which are arranged on a virtual target line opposite each other and at a distance from each other. Both transmitters transmit at regular intervals a transmission telegram with identical signal strength, which contains a time information.
  • the transponder receives the transmission telegrams of the two stations, which contain the time information and corresponding identifiers of the stations.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for detecting pass times at checkpoints, with which a more accurate determination of Passierzeit is possible, with false triggering can be avoided by insufficient local boundaries of the detection point should. Furthermore, an arrangement for more accurate detection of pass times at checkpoints is to be made available, which is easy to install and can be operated mobile and low energy. Method and arrangement should be used for largely any environmental conditions and different types of passages. In particular, structural changes to the subsurface of a linear control point (eg a finish) should become superfluous.
  • the subscribers whose passing time at a checkpoint are e.g. at a sporting event, each equipped with a transponder.
  • the transponder can be carried by the participant or be arranged on the clothing or sports equipment.
  • the method comprises the following steps. First, a first and a second transmitter are arranged at a distance from each other at a control point. The transmitters alternately transmit a transmission telegram of substantially identical signal strength. The signal strength is set apart from tolerance-related deviations as equal as possible to the transmitters, which can be done by factory calibration. In this case, at least one transmission telegram has time information and at least one transmission telegram comprises information characterizing the control point. A first transmission telegram of the first transmitter is received by the second transmitter. Subsequently, by the second transmitter, a decoding and an evaluation of the first transmission telegram and a signaling of the reception status. In this case, an evaluation of the signal strength of the first transmission telegram takes place.
  • This signal strength is detected as the reference signal strength. It represents a measure of the spatial distance between the two transmitters, which corresponds to the length of a finish line when installing the two transmitters.
  • a second transmission telegram is subsequently transmitted by the second transmitter, the determined reference signal strength being transmitted as part of the second transmission telegram.
  • a matched transmission telegram pair of the first and second transmitter is received by a transponder.
  • the transponder is capable of receiving the transmitted telegram pair to decode contained time information and assign this time information as a possible pass time to the contained in the transmission message pair, the control point characterizing information. This data is either buffered by the transponder or determined only when needed, when the condition described below for the validity of Passierzeit occurs.
  • the transponder Furthermore, an evaluation of the signal strengths of the received transmission telegram pair is carried out by the transponder. The sum of the signal strengths of the transmission telegram pair is buffered as the overall signal strength. In the next step, the transponder is used to compare the overall signal strengths of successive transmission telegrams for determining the location-accurate passing of the control point by the transponder, whereby a maximum signal strength is achieved when the control point passes.
  • the reference signal strength contained in the transmission telegram pair is evaluated by the transponder, wherein only in the case that both the signal strength of the first transmitter and the second transmitter are equal to or greater than the reference signal strength, passing the control point is assumed and only in this case, the data contained in the associated transmission protocol detected by the transponder as Passierzeit or accepted as valid (possibly after previous decoding) and permanently stored for later evaluation.
  • the first transmitter operates as an independent master and the second transmitter as a slave dependent.
  • the slave is triggered by the master.
  • the slave receives the transmission telegram of the master. It would also be conceivable, of course, that instead the master receives the transmission telegram of the slave or the master and slave each receive the transmission telegrams of the other.
  • the transponder transmits data via a transmitting device to an information receiving point.
  • the data of several transponders can be stored centrally, which not least has the advantage that a central backup copy of the transponder data is present, which data loss, caused for example by damage to the transponder, can be prevented.
  • the information receiving point is connected to an evaluation unit.
  • an evaluation unit By means of such an evaluation unit, the data of several participants can be compared in real time become. In addition, there is the possibility of interim evaluations.
  • different algorithms are used to determine the location-accurate passing of the control point by comparing the overall signal strength of successive transmission telegrams.
  • the algorithms are adapted to the signal strength curve of the antennas used in the transmitters.
  • a master and two slaves are arranged at the checkpoint.
  • the master is arranged centrally between the slaves in this embodiment.
  • the slaves send their transmission telegrams consecutively after they receive the transmission telegram of the master. In this way it is avoided that the individual transmission telegrams overlap.
  • the transponder uses the transmission telegram of the slave with the higher signal strength to form the overall signal strength and for comparison with the reference signal strength.
  • the master stations in a preferred embodiment should be configured so that they can be used for this purpose without changing their configuration.
  • the master station is also equipped with a device for receiving the transmission signal of the slave station.
  • a corresponding modification of the sent by the master Telegram Upon receipt of the master telegram, the transponder evaluates this information and recognizes whether a checkpoint with only one transmitter is passed or whether the receipt of a slave telegram is still necessary to evaluate the passport information.
  • the inventive arrangement for detecting pass times at checkpoints in sports events comprises at least one transponder and a first and a second transmitter.
  • the two transmitters are arranged at a control point spaced from each other.
  • the described arrangement comprises a few, relatively easy to install components.
  • the transponders can be easily attached to the body of the participants, for example on the arm as a bracelet or on the leg.
  • the transponder can also be attached to the clothing of the participants, conceivable would be, for example, an integration of the transponder in the start number.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • the transmitters are preferably constructed as mobile units and can be easily removed from the control point and can then be used at another control point. Of course, in the transmission telegram an adaptation of the information clearly characterizing the control point must take place.
  • the checkpoint is designed as a start and / or finish line.
  • the first and the second transmitter are arranged at opposite end points of the start or finish line.
  • the single FIGURE shows a preferred embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for detecting passing times at checkpoints. On the left, the signal strength curve is also shown. The illustration shows that a maximum is achieved when passing the checkpoint.
  • the arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one transponder 01.
  • the transponder 01 is fastened, for example, to the body or to the clothing of a participant (not shown).
  • the transponder preferably uses RFID technology.
  • the arrangement further includes a first and a second transmitter 03, 05.
  • a master-slave arrangement is used.
  • the first transmitter 03 operates as an independent master and the second transmitter 05 as a slave dependent on the master.
  • Slave 05 is triggered by master 03.
  • Master 03 and slave 05 are preferably of uniform construction and, in addition to the transmitting unit, have a receiver, an antenna and an evaluation unit.
  • Master 03 and slave 05 are arranged at a control point 07 with a distance A and opposite each other.
  • the checkpoint 07 may be, for example, a start or finish line.
  • Master 03 and slave 05 are located at the opposite end points of the control point 07.
  • the existing between master 03 and slave 05 distance A therefore corresponds substantially to the length of the control point 07.
  • the control point 07 preferably extends over the width of a track 09, on which participants should pass the checkpoint. For many applications, a distance A of about 3 meters has proved favorable. Another distance is of course feasible. A pass time should only be detected and recorded by the transponders of the participants as valid if the respective subscriber moves with his transponder between the two transmitters 03, 05 through the control point 07.
  • the transponder 01 may have a transmitting device (not shown) via which the transponder 01 can communicate with an information receiving point (not shown).
  • the information receiving point is in turn preferably connected to an evaluation unit (not shown).
  • the method according to the invention is preferably used in sports events in mass sports, in which numerous participants are involved. Each participant will be equipped with a transponder 01. The participants move preferably at a speed of 40 km / h, with no restriction on this maximum speed, other speeds are quite possible.
  • a transmission telegram of substantially identical signal strength is transmitted alternately.
  • the transmission ranges are represented by dashed circular arcs with a signal field strength of master 03 and slave 05 that can be reliably evaluated by the participating units.
  • both transmission ranges overlap so far that at least the control point 07 is completely occupied by the overlap region.
  • a time information is included in at least one of the regularly transmitted transmission telegrams of the transmitters.
  • at least one of the transmission telegrams has a concrete control body 07 identifying information.
  • a transmission period, comprising the transmission of both transmission telegrams and an intervening pause, is approximately 50 ms.
  • the slave 05 receives a first transmission telegram of the master 03.
  • the first transmission telegram is then decoded and evaluated by the slave 05.
  • the receive status is signaled by the slave 05.
  • the signal strength of the first transmission telegram received by the master 03 is evaluated by the slave 05.
  • This signal strength is detected as a reference signal strength. This detection is preferably signaled optically or acoustically to the subscriber.
  • the slave 05 sends out a second transmission telegram, in which case the reference signal strength is also transmitted.
  • the timing of the transmission telegrams is performed by the master 03.
  • the slave 05 sends only after receipt and evaluation of the received transmission telegram.
  • the transmission of the transmission telegrams takes place with an alternating magnetic field, which is generated on the transmission side by a transmission antenna acting as a transmitting flat coil.
  • the coil current is supplied by an HF generator with defined power.
  • the planes of the flat coils are aligned so that they are arranged parallel to each other and at a defined distance at the control point 07.
  • the flat coil of the transmitter 03, 05 is also used as a receiving antenna. In the coil located in the region of the alternating magnetic field, a voltage is induced and amplified in the receiver.
  • the level of this signal voltage is proportional to the magnetic field strength at the position of the receiving coil and this field strength in turn depends on the distance to the transmitting coil. Since, as described below, the receiving transmitter and each transponder 01 regenerates a signal from the received transmission telegram and compares it with the signal strength of the subsequent transmission telegram, it is Required that the transmission power and the signal amplification of the receiver of both transmitters 03, 05 have the same values, the design of the flat coils are exactly identical. Apart from tolerance-related deviations, these values are calibrated and calibrated at the factory.
  • the field line structures of the two magnetic fields are the same and mirror-symmetrical to the vertical center plane of the control point 07.
  • These properties of the magnetic fields are used for the inventive method. They allow the specification of a pass time, which is independent of the passage between the two transmitters 03, 05.
  • the transponder 01 receives a pair of associated transmission telegrams consisting of the successive first and second transmission telegrams.
  • the time information contained in the received transmission telegram pair are decoded by the transponder 01.
  • the resulting data record is stored in a data memory of the transponder 01.
  • From the transponder 01 continues to be an evaluation of the signal strengths of the received transmission telegram pair.
  • the sum of the signal strengths of the transmission telegram pair is stored as the total signal strength.
  • a comparison of the total signal strengths can be made in order to obtain a criterion for the exact location of the control point 07 on this basis.
  • different algorithms can be used which are connected to the Signal strength course are adapted to the transmitters used antennas.
  • the selection of the valid passing time is not limited to determining the maximum signal strength.
  • the transponder 01 additionally evaluates the reference signal strength contained in the transmission telegram of the slave 05.
  • a record of a passing of the control point 07 is only formed or evaluated as valid if both the signal strength of the master 03 and the slave 05 are at least equal to or greater than the reference signal strength.
  • transponders 01 incorrect recordings of a further pass time in transponders 01 can be avoided by subscribers who are temporarily located, for example, as viewers 11 at the registration point 07. These participants / spectators 11 who do not pass the checkpoint 07, for example, stop short of the finish line in the vicinity of the checkpoint 07, but outside of the runway 09. In these outdoor areas, although a maximum total signal field strength is determined by the transponders 01, the further condition that the individual signal strengths of both transmitters must be at least equal to the reference field strength also received is not met. Because the signal field strength of the distant transmitter is smaller than the reference field strength due to the greater distance between the subscriber 11 and remote transmitter (compared with the distance A between the transmitters).
  • the signal strength determined by the transponder 01 is proportional to the induced voltage in the transponder receiver coil. Among other things, this voltage depends on the amount of magnetic field strength at the coil position and on the geometric orientation of the coil surface with respect to the field line direction.
  • the value and the direction of the field strength change along the path from position to position.
  • a maximum value of the induced voltage or the signal strength determined therefrom in the transponder 01 can not be unambiguously assigned to a position on the passageway.
  • the flat coil of the transponder receiving coil consists of three flat coils, which are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the reception field strength of each individual coil is determined separately and these individual values are subsequently summed up.
  • the sum of the induced voltage thus corresponds with good approximation to the magnitude of the field strength.
  • the direction of movement of a transponder 01 through a control point 07 is ideally perpendicular to the control point 07. In a sports competition, the deviation from the ideal case is low. Along such a track, the amount of magnetic field strength changes, it increases in front of the control point 07, reaches a maximum value in the checkpoint area and decreases again behind the control point.
  • the transponder can be connected to an evaluation unit in a manner known per se.
  • the transponder 01 via its transmitting device, the record transmitted to an information receiving point, which transmits the data to the evaluation unit.
  • checkpoints are usually passed by the participants.
  • Each of these checkpoints is equipped at least with a transmitter operating in master mode.
  • the master is specifically configured with a location code characterizing the associated control point, which is also transmitted in the send telegram.
  • the individual masters can be flexibly supplemented with uniform slaves in order to achieve a higher positional accuracy of the pass time as well as differentiation from the surrounding area at the respective control point. If two slaves are assigned to a master, these slaves must be configured differently as Slave1 and Slave2 in order to avoid overlapping of the sent telegrams.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen, insbesondere bei Sportveranstaltungen, bei denen Teilnehmer mit jeweils mindestens einem Transponder versehen sind.The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for detecting passing times at checkpoints, in particular at sports events, in which participants are each provided with at least one transponder.

Das Erfassen der genauen Passierzeiten von Personen an Kontrollstellen bildet eine grundlegende Anforderung bei der Bewertung und Auswertung von Sportveranstaltungen. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Erfassungsmethoden von Personen an Kontrollstellen bekannt, die über ein magnetisches oder elektromagnetisches Wechselfeld einen Informationsaustausch zwischen der Kontrollstelle und einem der Person zugeordneten Identifikationselement (Identelement) realisieren. Die Antenne der Kontrollstellensendeeinrichtung kann beispielsweise als Schleifenantenne boden- oder kopfseitig realisiert werden. Weiterhin sind ein- oder zweiseitig seitlich zur Laufrichtung angeordnete Antennen unterschiedlicher Geometrien bekannt. Insbesondere bei Erfassungseinrichtungen mit Erfassungsdistanzen von einigen Metern kann es bei den bekannten Lösungen zu Abgrenzungsproblemen kommen, da die Wirkung des magnetischen bzw. elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes nicht auf den unmittelbaren Identifikationsraum eingegrenzt werden kann. Das begünstigt Fehlauslösungen bei Personen, die zwar an der Sportveran-staltung teilnehmen, aber sich zeitweise als Zuschauer an der Erfassungsstelle aufhalten.Capturing the exact passing times of people at checkpoints is a fundamental requirement in the evaluation and evaluation of sporting events. From the state of the art detection methods of persons at control points are known which realize an exchange of information between the control point and an identification element assigned to the person (identification element) via a magnetic or electromagnetic alternating field. The antenna of the Kontrollstellensendeeinrichtung can be realized for example as a loop antenna ground or head side. Furthermore, one or two sides laterally arranged to the direction of antennas of different geometries are known. In particular, in detection devices with detection distances of a few meters can lead to delineation problems in the known solutions, since the effect of the magnetic or electromagnetic alternating field can not be limited to the immediate identification space. This favors false triggering of persons who participate in the sports event but are temporarily present as spectators at the registration office.

Die DE 100 05 169 A1 beinhaltet eine Identifikations- und Zeitnahmevorrichtung für Teilnehmer von Sportveranstaltungen mit einem stationären Erfassungsgerät zur Auswertung individueller Codes, welche durch von den Teilnehmern getragene Transponder übermittelt werden. Das Erfassungsgerät umfasst wenigstens eine Antennenanordnung, die bei Annäherung der Transponder den ausgesendeten Code empfängt. Die Antennenanordnung erstreckt sich am Erfassungsort über die gesamte Breite der Wettkampfbahn und umfasst wenigstens eine längliche, mit ihrer längeren Seite quer zur Wettkampfbahn ausgerichtete Leiterschleife.The DE 100 05 169 A1 includes an identification and timing device for participants of sporting events with a stationary detection device for the evaluation of individual Codes which are transmitted by transponder carried by the participants. The detection device comprises at least one antenna arrangement which receives the emitted code as the transponders approach. The antenna arrangement extends at the detection location over the entire width of the competition course and comprises at least one elongated, with its longer side transverse to the competition course aligned conductor loop.

In der DE 102 27 451 A1 sind ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur automatischen Zeitnahme bei sportlichen Massenveranstaltungen beschrieben. Die Teilnehmer tragen jeweils einen Transponder mit einem individuellen Code, der nach einem Zieleinlauf gelesen und mit einer Erfassungszeit verknüpft wird. Beim Zieleinlauf wird ein interner Zeitnehmer des Transponders aktiviert und dessen Transponderzeit bei der Ermittlung einer Zieleinlaufzeit aus der Erfassungszeit als Korrekturgröße ausgewertet.In the DE 102 27 451 A1 a method and a device for automatic timing in mass sports events are described. The participants each carry a transponder with an individual code, which is read after a finish and linked to an acquisition time. At the finish, an internal timekeeper of the transponder is activated and its transponder time is evaluated as a correction value when determining a finish time from the acquisition time.

Die EP 0 074 330 B1 beinhaltet eine Anlage für die Identifizierung und Bestimmung des Durchgangszeitpunktes einer Mehrzahl von beweglichen Körpern an einem bestimmten Punkt ihrer Bahn. Die Körper sind unter anderem mit einem Oszillator ausgestattet, der jeweils eine spezifische Frequenz erzeugt, anhand derer eine eindeutige Zuordnung erfolgen kann.The EP 0 074 330 B1 includes a facility for identifying and determining the passage time of a plurality of moving bodies at a particular point in their path. Among other things, the bodies are equipped with an oscillator, each of which generates a specific frequency, by means of which an unambiguous assignment can be made.

Aus der DE 29 14 137 C2 ist eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung des Zieldurchganges von Teilnehmern eines Rennens bekannt, bei der die Teilnehmer jeweils mit einem Sender ausgestattet sind und mindestens zwei Empfangsantennen am Ziel mit angeschlossenem Empfänger vorhanden sind. Die Empfangsantennen sind mit im Wesentlichen rechtwinklig zueinander verlaufender Richtempfindlichkeit angeordnet. Es wird ein Zieldurchgangssignal erzeugt, wenn das Signal der einen Empfangsantenne oberhalb eines hohen ersten Schwellwertes und das Signal der anderen Empfangsantenne unterhalb eines niedrigen zweiten Schwellwertes liegen. Auf diese Weise kann der Zieldurchgang relativ exakt ermittelt werden. Die Lösung ist gegen Nah- und Fernstörungen relativ unempfindlich.From the DE 29 14 137 C2 a device is known for detecting the target passage of participants of a race, in which the participants are each equipped with a transmitter and at least two receiving antennas are present at the destination with a connected receiver. The receiving antennas are arranged with substantially perpendicular to each other Richtempfindlichkeit. A target pass signal is generated when the signal from the one receiving antenna is above a high first threshold and the signal of the other receiving antenna are below a low second threshold. In this way, the target passage can be determined relatively accurately. The solution is relatively insensitive to near and distant disturbances.

Die EP 1 447 681 A2 beinhaltet ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Position und des Zeitpunktes des Passierens einer Kontrollstation mit Hilfe eines beweglichen Transponders. Im Transponder wird mehrfach die Stärke des von der Kontrollstation gesendeten Signals bestimmt. Der Transponder sendet eine Nachricht mit der gemessenen Signalstärke an einen Empfänger, welcher aus dem Verlauf der Signalstärke die Position des Transponders und den Zeitpunkt des Passierens der Kontrollstation berechnet.The EP 1 447 681 A2 includes a method for determining the position and time of passing a control station by means of a mobile transponder. In the transponder, the strength of the signal transmitted by the control station is determined several times. The transponder sends a message with the measured signal strength to a receiver, which calculates the position of the transponder from the course of the signal strength and the time of passing the control station.

Die WO 2007/083018 A1 zeigt ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen, insbesondere bei Sportveranstaltungen. Die Anordnung umfasst zwei Sender, die auf einer virtuellen Ziellinie einander gegenüberliegend und beabstandet zueinander angeordnet sind. Beide Sender senden in regelmäßigen Abständen ein Sendetelegramm mit identischer Signalstärke aus, welches eine Zeitinformation enthält. Beim Passieren der Ziellinie durch den mit einem Transponder ausgestatteten Teilnehmer empfängt der Transponder die Sendetelegramme der beiden Sender, welche die Zeitinformation und entsprechende Kennungen der Sender enthalten.The WO 2007/083018 A1 shows a method and an arrangement for detecting passing times at checkpoints, especially at sports events. The arrangement comprises two transmitters which are arranged on a virtual target line opposite each other and at a distance from each other. Both transmitters transmit at regular intervals a transmission telegram with identical signal strength, which contains a time information. When passing the finish line by the station equipped with a transponder, the transponder receives the transmission telegrams of the two stations, which contain the time information and corresponding identifiers of the stations.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem eine exaktere Ermittlung der Passierzeit möglich ist, wobei Fehlauslösungen durch unzureichende örtliche Abgrenzungen der Erfassungsstelle vermieden werden sollen. Weiterhin soll eine Anordnung zur genaueren Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen zur Verfügung gestellt werden, welche leicht zu installieren ist sowie mobil und energiearm betrieben werden kann. Verfahren und Anordnung sollen für weitgehend beliebige Umgebungsbedingungen und unterschiedlichste Passierarten einsetzbar sein. Insbesondere sollen bauliche Veränderungen am Untergrund einer linienförmigen Kontrollstelle (z.B. ein Zieleinlauf) überflüssig werden.The object of the invention is to provide a method for detecting pass times at checkpoints, with which a more accurate determination of Passierzeit is possible, with false triggering can be avoided by insufficient local boundaries of the detection point should. Furthermore, an arrangement for more accurate detection of pass times at checkpoints is to be made available, which is easy to install and can be operated mobile and low energy. Method and arrangement should be used for largely any environmental conditions and different types of passages. In particular, structural changes to the subsurface of a linear control point (eg a finish) should become superfluous.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe dient ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen nach Anspruch 1 sowie eine Anordnung nach Anspruch 9.To solve the problem is a method for detecting pass times at control points according to claim 1 and an arrangement according to claim 9.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind die Teilnehmer, deren Passierzeit an einer Kontrollstelle z.B. bei einer Sportveranstaltung erfasst werden soll, jeweils mit einem Transponder ausgerüstet. Der Transponder kann vom Teilnehmer mitgeführt werden oder an dessen Kleidung bzw. Sportgerät angeordnet sein. Der Fachmann wird erkennen, dass unterschiedlichste Anwendungen für die Erfindung in Betracht kommen, wobei es auf die Bauform des Transponders nicht ankommt.In the method according to the invention, the subscribers whose passing time at a checkpoint are e.g. at a sporting event, each equipped with a transponder. The transponder can be carried by the participant or be arranged on the clothing or sports equipment. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a wide variety of applications for the invention come into consideration, it does not depend on the design of the transponder.

Das Verfahren umfasst folgende Schritte. Zunächst werden ein erster und ein zweiter Sender mit einem Abstand zueinander an einer Kontrollstelle angeordnet. Die Sender senden im Wechsel jeweils ein Sendetelegramm im Wesentlichen identischer Signalstärke. Die Signalstärke wird abgesehen von toleranzbedingten Abweichungen möglichst gleich groß an den Sendern eingestellt, was werkseitig durch eine Kalibrierung erfolgen kann. Hierbei weist mindestens ein Sendetelegramm eine Zeitinformation auf und mindestens ein Sendetelegramm umfasst eine die Kontrollstelle kennzeichnende Information. Ein erstes Sendetelegramm des ersten Senders wird durch den zweiten Sender empfangen. Anschließend erfolgen durch den zweiten Sender ein Dekodieren und eine Bewertung des ersten Sendetelegramms sowie ein Signalisieren des Empfangsstatus. Dabei erfolgt eine Bewertung der Signalstärke des ersten Sendetelegramms. Diese Signalstärke wird als Referenzsignalstärke erfasst. Sie stellt ein Maß für den räumlichen Abstand zwischen den beiden Sendern dar, welches bei der Aufstellung der beiden Sender an den Enden einer Ziellinie deren Länge entspricht. Vom zweiten Sender wird im Anschluss daran ein zweites Sendetelegramm ausgesendet, wobei die ermittelte Referenzsignalstärke als Bestandteil des zweiten Sendetelegramms übertragen wird. Im nächsten Schritt wird ein zusammengehöriges Sendetelegrammpaar des ersten und zweiten Senders durch einen Transponder empfangen. Der Transponder ist in der Lage, die im empfangenen Sendetelegrammpaar enthaltene Zeitinformation zu dekodieren und diese Zeitinformation als mögliche Passierzeit zu der im Sendetelegrammpaar enthaltenen, die Kontrollstelle kennzeichnenden Information zuzuordnen. Diese Daten werden entweder durch den Transponder zwischengespeichert oder nur bei Bedarf ermittelt, wenn die nachfolgend beschriebene Bedingung für die Gültigkeit der Passierzeit eintritt. Weiterhin erfolgt durch den Transponder eine Bewertung der Signalstärken des empfangenen Sendetelegrammpaars. Die Summe der Signalstärken des Sendetelegrammpaars wird als Gesamtsignalstärke zwischengespeichert. Im nächsten Schritt werden durch den Transponder die Gesamtsignalstärken aufeinanderfolgender Sendetelegramme zur Ermittlung des ortsgenauen Passierens der Kontrollstelle durch den Transponder verglichen, wobei beim Passieren der Kontrollstelle eine maximale Signalstärke erreicht wird. Ebenso wird durch den Transponder die im Sendetelegrammpaar enthaltene Referenzsignalstärke ausgewertet, wobei lediglich in dem Fall, dass sowohl die Signalstärke des ersten Senders als auch des zweiten Senders gleich oder größer der Referenzsignalstärke sind, ein Passieren der Kontrollstelle angenommen wird und nur in diesem Fall werden die im zugehörigen Sendeprotokoll enthaltenen Daten durch den Transponder als Passierzeit erfasst bzw. als gültig akzeptiert (ggf. nach vorheriger Dekodierung) und für eine spätere Auswertung dauerhaft abgespeichert.The method comprises the following steps. First, a first and a second transmitter are arranged at a distance from each other at a control point. The transmitters alternately transmit a transmission telegram of substantially identical signal strength. The signal strength is set apart from tolerance-related deviations as equal as possible to the transmitters, which can be done by factory calibration. In this case, at least one transmission telegram has time information and at least one transmission telegram comprises information characterizing the control point. A first transmission telegram of the first transmitter is received by the second transmitter. Subsequently, by the second transmitter, a decoding and an evaluation of the first transmission telegram and a signaling of the reception status. In this case, an evaluation of the signal strength of the first transmission telegram takes place. This signal strength is detected as the reference signal strength. It represents a measure of the spatial distance between the two transmitters, which corresponds to the length of a finish line when installing the two transmitters. A second transmission telegram is subsequently transmitted by the second transmitter, the determined reference signal strength being transmitted as part of the second transmission telegram. In the next step, a matched transmission telegram pair of the first and second transmitter is received by a transponder. The transponder is capable of receiving the transmitted telegram pair to decode contained time information and assign this time information as a possible pass time to the contained in the transmission message pair, the control point characterizing information. This data is either buffered by the transponder or determined only when needed, when the condition described below for the validity of Passierzeit occurs. Furthermore, an evaluation of the signal strengths of the received transmission telegram pair is carried out by the transponder. The sum of the signal strengths of the transmission telegram pair is buffered as the overall signal strength. In the next step, the transponder is used to compare the overall signal strengths of successive transmission telegrams for determining the location-accurate passing of the control point by the transponder, whereby a maximum signal strength is achieved when the control point passes. Likewise, the reference signal strength contained in the transmission telegram pair is evaluated by the transponder, wherein only in the case that both the signal strength of the first transmitter and the second transmitter are equal to or greater than the reference signal strength, passing the control point is assumed and only in this case, the data contained in the associated transmission protocol detected by the transponder as Passierzeit or accepted as valid (possibly after previous decoding) and permanently stored for later evaluation.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist eine exakte Erfassung der Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen möglich. Dadurch, dass nur Passierzeiten als gültig erfasst werden, wenn die Signalstärken sowohl des ersten als auch des zweiten Senders mindestens gleich der Referenzsignalstärke sind bzw. wenn die Referenzsignalstärke überschritten wird, können Fehlauslösungen bzw. -aufzeichnungen bei Transpondern von Teilnehmern, die sich z.B. als Zuschauer an der Kontrollstelle befinden oder diese bereits wirksam passiert haben, wirksam vermieden werden.By the method according to the invention, an exact detection of the pass times at checkpoints is possible. The fact that only pass times are detected as valid when the signal strengths of both the first and the second transmitter are at least equal to the reference signal strength or when the reference signal strength is exceeded, false triggering or recording in transponders of participants, for example, as a spectator be at the checkpoint or these have already effectively passed, can be effectively avoided.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform arbeitet der erste Sender als unabhängiger Master und der zweite Sender als abhängiger Slave. Der Slave wird hierbei vom Master getriggert. Durch die Verwendung einer Master-Slave-Anordnung ergibt sich eine vergleichsweise einfache Struktur, was nicht zuletzt auch zu Einsparungen führt.According to an advantageous embodiment, the first transmitter operates as an independent master and the second transmitter as a slave dependent. The slave is triggered by the master. The use of a master-slave arrangement results in a comparatively simple structure, which also leads to savings.

Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausführungsform empfängt der Slave das Sendetelegramm des Masters. Denkbar wäre natürlich auch, dass stattdessen der Master das Sendetelegramm des Slaves empfängt bzw. das Master und Slave jeweils die Sendetelegramme des anderen empfangen.In an expedient embodiment, the slave receives the transmission telegram of the master. It would also be conceivable, of course, that instead the master receives the transmission telegram of the slave or the master and slave each receive the transmission telegrams of the other.

Als günstig hat es sich erwiesen, wenn im Sendetelegramm des Masters eine Information über den Betriebsmode mit dem zugeordneten Slave übertragen wird.It has proven to be favorable if information about the operating mode is transmitted to the assigned slave in the transmission telegram of the master.

Bei einer weiteren, vorteilhaften Ausführungsform überträgt der Transponder über eine Sendeeinrichtung Daten an einen Informationsempfangspunkt. Auf diese Weise können die Daten mehrerer Transponder zentral abgespeichert werden, was nicht zuletzt den Vorteil hat, dass eine zentrale Sicherungskopie der Transponderdaten vorliegt, womit Datenverlusten, hervorgerufen beispielsweise durch Beschädigungen des Transponders, vorgebeugt werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the transponder transmits data via a transmitting device to an information receiving point. In this way, the data of several transponders can be stored centrally, which not least has the advantage that a central backup copy of the transponder data is present, which data loss, caused for example by damage to the transponder, can be prevented.

Nach einer weitergebildeten vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Informationsempfangspunkt mit einer Auswerteeinheit verbunden. Mittels einer solchen Auswerteeinheit können die Daten mehrerer Teilnehmer zeitnah miteinander verglichen werden. Zusätzlich bietet sich die Möglichkeit von Zwischenauswertungen.According to a further developed advantageous embodiment, the information receiving point is connected to an evaluation unit. By means of such an evaluation unit, the data of several participants can be compared in real time become. In addition, there is the possibility of interim evaluations.

Bei weiteren zweckmäßigen Ausführungsformen kommen zur Ermittlung des ortsgenauen Passierens der Kontrollstelle durch Vergleich der Gesamtsignalstärke aufeinanderfolgender Sendetelegramme unterschiedliche Algorithmen zum Einsatz. Hierbei sind die Algorithmen an den Signalstärkeverlauf der bei den Sendern verwendeten Antennen angepasst.In further expedient embodiments, different algorithms are used to determine the location-accurate passing of the control point by comparing the overall signal strength of successive transmission telegrams. Here, the algorithms are adapted to the signal strength curve of the antennas used in the transmitters.

Von Vorteil ist es, wenn ein Master und zwei Slaves an der Kontrollstelle angeordnet werden. Der Master ist bei dieser Ausführung mittig zwischen den Slaves angeordnet. Die Slaves senden ihre Sendetelegramme aufeinanderfolgend nach dem sie das Sendetelegramm des Masters empfangen. Auf diese Weise wird vermieden, dass sich die einzelnen Sendetelegramme überlagern. Der Transponder nutzt das Sendetelegramm des Slaves mit der höheren Signalstärke zur Bildung der Gesamtsignalstärke und für den Vergleich mit der Referenzsignalstärke.It is advantageous if a master and two slaves are arranged at the checkpoint. The master is arranged centrally between the slaves in this embodiment. The slaves send their transmission telegrams consecutively after they receive the transmission telegram of the master. In this way it is avoided that the individual transmission telegrams overlap. The transponder uses the transmission telegram of the slave with the higher signal strength to form the overall signal strength and for comparison with the reference signal strength.

Für bestimmte Kontrollstellen ist lediglich das Erfassen der passierenden Wettkämpfer an der Kontrollstelle von Bedeutung, eine ortsgenaue Zeitnahme ist weniger bedeutsam, ebenso besteht keine Gefahr von Fehlauslösungen durch nicht unmittelbar im Wettkampf befindliche Teilnehmer. In diesem Fall genügt der Einsatz von nur einem Sender. Im Sinne eines robusten und einfach zu nutzenden Zeitmesssystems sollen die Masterstationen bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung so konfiguriert sein, dass sie ohne Änderung ihrer Konfiguration auch für diesen Zweck eingesetzt werden können. Dafür wird auch die Masterstation mit einer Einrichtung zum Empfang des Sendesignals der Slavestation ausgestattet. In Abhängigkeit davon, ob ein Signal der Slavestation empfangen wird oder nicht, erfolgt eine entsprechende Modifikation des vom Master gesendeten Telegramms. Der Transponder wertet bei Empfang des Mastertelegramms diese Information aus und erkennt, ob eine Kontrollstelle mit nur einem Sender passiert wird oder ob zur Bewertung der Passierinformation noch der Empfang eines Slave-telegramms notwendig ist.For certain control points only the capture of the passing competitors at the control point of importance, a location accurate timing is less significant, as there is no risk of false triggering by not directly in competition participants. In this case, the use of only one transmitter is sufficient. In terms of a robust and easy-to-use timing system, the master stations in a preferred embodiment should be configured so that they can be used for this purpose without changing their configuration. For this purpose, the master station is also equipped with a device for receiving the transmission signal of the slave station. Depending on whether a signal of the slave station is received or not, a corresponding modification of the sent by the master Telegram. Upon receipt of the master telegram, the transponder evaluates this information and recognizes whether a checkpoint with only one transmitter is passed or whether the receipt of a slave telegram is still necessary to evaluate the passport information.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen bei Sportveranstaltungen umfasst mindestens einen Transponder sowie einen ersten und einen zweiten Sender. Die beiden Sender sind an einer Kontrollstelle voneinander beabstandet angeordnet. Die beschriebene Anordnung umfasst wenige, verhältnismäßig leicht zu installierende Bestandteile. Die Transponder lassen sich auf einfache Art und Weise am Körper der Teilnehmer befestigen, beispielsweise am Arm als Armband oder am Bein. Weiterhin können die Transponder auch an der Kleidung der Teilnehmer befestigt werden, denkbar wäre zum Beispiel eine Integration der Transponder in die Startnummer. Als Transponder können vorzugsweise RFID (Radio frequency identification)-Transponder zum Einsatz kommen. Die Sender sind vorzugsweise als mobile Einheiten aufgebaut und lassen sich problemlos von der Kontrollstelle entfernen und können anschließend an einer anderen Kontrollstelle zum Einsatz kommen. Hierbei muss natürlich im Sendetelegramm eine Anpassung der die Kontrollstelle eindeutig kennzeichnenden Information erfolgen.The inventive arrangement for detecting pass times at checkpoints in sports events comprises at least one transponder and a first and a second transmitter. The two transmitters are arranged at a control point spaced from each other. The described arrangement comprises a few, relatively easy to install components. The transponders can be easily attached to the body of the participants, for example on the arm as a bracelet or on the leg. Furthermore, the transponder can also be attached to the clothing of the participants, conceivable would be, for example, an integration of the transponder in the start number. As a transponder, RFID (radio frequency identification) transponders can preferably be used. The transmitters are preferably constructed as mobile units and can be easily removed from the control point and can then be used at another control point. Of course, in the transmission telegram an adaptation of the information clearly characterizing the control point must take place.

Nach einer zweckmäßigen Ausführungsform ist die Kontrollstelle als Start- und/oder Ziellinie ausgebildet. In diesem Fall hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn der erste und der zweite Sender an einander gegenüberliegenden Endpunkten der Start- bzw. Ziellinie angeordnet sind.According to an expedient embodiment, the checkpoint is designed as a start and / or finish line. In this case, it has proved to be advantageous if the first and the second transmitter are arranged at opposite end points of the start or finish line.

Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform, unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung.Further advantages, details and developments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment, with reference to the drawing.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen. Links ist zusätzlich noch der Signalstärkeverlauf dargestellt. Der Darstellung ist zu entnehmen, dass beim Passieren der Kontrollstelle ein Maximum erreicht wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung umfasst mindestens einen Transponder 01. Der Transponder 01 ist beispielsweise am Körper bzw. an der Kleidung eines Teilnehmers (nicht dargestellt) befestigt. Der Transponder nutzt vorzugsweise RFID-Technik.The single FIGURE shows a preferred embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention for detecting passing times at checkpoints. On the left, the signal strength curve is also shown. The illustration shows that a maximum is achieved when passing the checkpoint. The arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one transponder 01. The transponder 01 is fastened, for example, to the body or to the clothing of a participant (not shown). The transponder preferably uses RFID technology.

Zur Anordnung gehören weiterhin ein erster und ein zweiter Sender 03, 05. Im beschriebenen Anwendungsfall wird eine Master-Slave-Anordnung verwendet. Hierbei arbeitet der erste Sender 03 als unabhängiger Master und der zweite Sender 05 als vom Master abhängiger Slave. Der Slave 05 wird hierbei vom Master 03 getriggert. Master 03 und Slave 05 sind vorzugsweise einheitlich aufgebaut und verfügen neben der Sendeeinheit über einen Empfänger, eine Antenne und eine Auswerteeinheit. Master 03 und Slave 05 sind an einer Kontrollstelle 07 mit einem Abstand A und einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Die Kontrollstelle 07 kann beispielsweise eine Start- oder Ziellinie sein. Master 03 und Slave 05 befinden sich an den einander gegenüberliegenden Endpunkten der Kontrollstelle 07. Der zwischen Master 03 und Slave 05 bestehende Abstand A entspricht demnach im Wesentlichen der Länge der Kontrollstelle 07. Die Kontrollstelle 07 erstreckt sich vorzugsweise über die Breite einer Laufbahn 09, auf welcher die Teilnehmer die Kontrollstelle passieren sollen. Für zahlreiche Anwendungen hat sich ein Abstand A von etwa 3 Metern als günstig erwiesen. Ein anderer Abstand ist selbstverständlich realisierbar. Eine Passierzeit soll von den Transpondern der Teilnehmer nur als gültig erfasst und aufgezeichnet werden, wenn sich der jeweilige Teilnehmer mit seinem Transponder zwischen den beiden Sendern 03, 05 durch die Kontrollstelle 07 bewegt.The arrangement further includes a first and a second transmitter 03, 05. In the described application, a master-slave arrangement is used. In this case, the first transmitter 03 operates as an independent master and the second transmitter 05 as a slave dependent on the master. Slave 05 is triggered by master 03. Master 03 and slave 05 are preferably of uniform construction and, in addition to the transmitting unit, have a receiver, an antenna and an evaluation unit. Master 03 and slave 05 are arranged at a control point 07 with a distance A and opposite each other. The checkpoint 07 may be, for example, a start or finish line. Master 03 and slave 05 are located at the opposite end points of the control point 07. The existing between master 03 and slave 05 distance A therefore corresponds substantially to the length of the control point 07. The control point 07 preferably extends over the width of a track 09, on which participants should pass the checkpoint. For many applications, a distance A of about 3 meters has proved favorable. Another distance is of course feasible. A pass time should only be detected and recorded by the transponders of the participants as valid if the respective subscriber moves with his transponder between the two transmitters 03, 05 through the control point 07.

Der Transponder 01 kann eine Sendeeinrichtung (nicht dargestellt) aufweisen, über welche der Transponder 01 mit einem Informationsempfangspunkt (nicht dargestellt) in Verbindung treten kann. Der Informationsempfangspunkt ist wiederum vorzugsweise mit einer Auswerteeinheit (nicht dargestellt) verbunden.The transponder 01 may have a transmitting device (not shown) via which the transponder 01 can communicate with an information receiving point (not shown). The information receiving point is in turn preferably connected to an evaluation unit (not shown).

Im Folgenden wird ein in der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ablaufendes erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Erfassung von Passierzeiten an Kontrollstellen beschrieben. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird vorzugsweise bei Sportveranstaltungen im Breitensport, an denen zahlreiche Teilnehmer beteiligt sind, eingesetzt. Jeder Teilnehmer wird dabei mit einem Transponder 01 ausgestattet. Die Teilnehmer bewegen sich vorzugsweise mit einer Geschwindigkeit von maximal 40 km/h, wobei keine Einschränkung auf diese Höchstgeschwindigkeit erfolgen soll, andere Geschwindigkeiten sind durchaus möglich.In the following, a method according to the invention for detecting pass times at checkpoints, which takes place in the arrangement according to the invention, will be described. The method according to the invention is preferably used in sports events in mass sports, in which numerous participants are involved. Each participant will be equipped with a transponder 01. The participants move preferably at a speed of 40 km / h, with no restriction on this maximum speed, other speeds are quite possible.

Durch den Master 03 und den Slave 05 wird abwechselnd ein Sendetelegramm im Wesentlichen identischer Signalstärke ausgesendet. In der Fig. sind die Sendebereiche mit einer von den beteiligten Einheiten sicher auswertbaren Signalfeldstärke von Master 03 und Slave 05 durch gestrichelte Kreisbögen dargestellt. Wie der Fig. zu entnehmen ist, überschneiden sich beide Sendebereiche soweit, dass mindestens die Kontrollstelle 07 von dem Überschneidungsbereich vollständig eingenommen ist. In mindestens einem der wiederkehrend ausgesandten Sendetelegramme der Sender ist eine Zeitinformation enthalten. Des Weiteren weist zumindest eines der Sendetelegramme eine die konkrete Kontrollstelle 07 kennzeichnende Information auf. Eine Sendeperiode, umfassend das Senden beider Sendetelegramme sowie eine dazwischen liegende Pause, beträgt in etwa 50 ms. Der Slave 05 empfängt ein erstes Sendetelegramm des Masters 03. Das erste Sendetelegramm wird anschließend vom Slave 05 dekodiert und bewertet. Außerdem wird durch den Slave 05 der Empfangsstatus signalisiert. Bei diesem Schritt erfolgt eine Bewertung der Signalstärke des vom Master 03 empfangenen ersten Sendetelegramms durch den Slave 05. Diese Signalstärke wird als Referenzsignalstärke erfasst. Diese Erfassung wird dem Teilnehmer vorzugsweise optisch bzw. akustisch signalisiert. Im Anschluss daran sendet der Slave 05 ein zweites Sendetelegramm aus, hierbei wird die Referenzsignalstärke mit übertragen.By the master 03 and the slave 05, a transmission telegram of substantially identical signal strength is transmitted alternately. In the figure, the transmission ranges are represented by dashed circular arcs with a signal field strength of master 03 and slave 05 that can be reliably evaluated by the participating units. As can be seen from the figure, both transmission ranges overlap so far that at least the control point 07 is completely occupied by the overlap region. In at least one of the regularly transmitted transmission telegrams of the transmitters, a time information is included. Furthermore, at least one of the transmission telegrams has a concrete control body 07 identifying information. A transmission period, comprising the transmission of both transmission telegrams and an intervening pause, is approximately 50 ms. The slave 05 receives a first transmission telegram of the master 03. The first transmission telegram is then decoded and evaluated by the slave 05. In addition, the receive status is signaled by the slave 05. In this step, the signal strength of the first transmission telegram received by the master 03 is evaluated by the slave 05. This signal strength is detected as a reference signal strength. This detection is preferably signaled optically or acoustically to the subscriber. Following this, the slave 05 sends out a second transmission telegram, in which case the reference signal strength is also transmitted.

Die zeitliche Steuerung der Sendetelegramme erfolgt durch den Master 03. Der Slave 05 sendet erst nach Empfang und Auswertung des empfangenen Sendetelegramms. Die Übertragung der Sendetelegramme erfolgt mit einem Wechselmagnetfeld, das sendeseitig von einer als Sendeantenne wirkenden stromdurchflossenen Flachspule erzeugt wird. Den Spulenstrom liefert ein HF-Generator mit definierter Leistung. Die Ebenen der Flachspulen sind so ausgerichtet, dass sie parallel zueinander und mit einem definierten Abstand an der Kontrollstelle 07 angeordnet sind. Die Flachspule der Sender 03, 05 wird auch als Empfangsantenne benutzt. In der im Bereich des Wechselmagnetfeldes befindlichen Spule wird eine Spannung induziert und im Empfänger verstärkt. Der Pegel dieser Signalspannung ist proportional von der magnetischen Feldstärke an der Position der Empfangsspule und diese Feldstärke ist wiederum vom Abstand zur Sendespule abhängig. Da, wie nachfolgend beschrieben, der empfangende Sender und jeder Transponder 01 aus dem empfangenen Sendetelegramm ein Signal regeneriert und mit der Signalstärke des nachfolgenden Sendetelegramms vergleicht, ist es erforderlich, dass die Sendeleistung und die Signalverstärkung des Empfängers beider Sender 03, 05 gleiche Werte haben, wobei die Bauform der Flachspulen exakt baugleich sind. Abgesehen von toleranzbedingten Abweichungen werden werkseitig diese Werte abgeglichen und kalibriert. Infolge der oben beschriebenen Anordnung der Flachspulen und der gleichen Sendeleistungen beider Sender 03, 05 sind die Feldlinienstrukturen der beiden Magnetfelder gleich und spiegelsymmetrisch zur vertikalen Mittelebene der Kontrollstelle 07. Diese Eigenschaften der Magnetfelder werden für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren genutzt. Sie ermöglichen die Angabe einer Passierzeit, die unabhängig von dem Durchlaufweg zwischen den beiden Sendern 03, 05 ist.The timing of the transmission telegrams is performed by the master 03. The slave 05 sends only after receipt and evaluation of the received transmission telegram. The transmission of the transmission telegrams takes place with an alternating magnetic field, which is generated on the transmission side by a transmission antenna acting as a transmitting flat coil. The coil current is supplied by an HF generator with defined power. The planes of the flat coils are aligned so that they are arranged parallel to each other and at a defined distance at the control point 07. The flat coil of the transmitter 03, 05 is also used as a receiving antenna. In the coil located in the region of the alternating magnetic field, a voltage is induced and amplified in the receiver. The level of this signal voltage is proportional to the magnetic field strength at the position of the receiving coil and this field strength in turn depends on the distance to the transmitting coil. Since, as described below, the receiving transmitter and each transponder 01 regenerates a signal from the received transmission telegram and compares it with the signal strength of the subsequent transmission telegram, it is Required that the transmission power and the signal amplification of the receiver of both transmitters 03, 05 have the same values, the design of the flat coils are exactly identical. Apart from tolerance-related deviations, these values are calibrated and calibrated at the factory. As a result of the arrangement of the flat coils described above and the same transmission powers of both transmitters 03, 05, the field line structures of the two magnetic fields are the same and mirror-symmetrical to the vertical center plane of the control point 07. These properties of the magnetic fields are used for the inventive method. They allow the specification of a pass time, which is independent of the passage between the two transmitters 03, 05.

Nachfolgend im Verfahren - aber zeitlich innerhalb derselben Sendeperiode - empfängt der Transponder 01 ein zusammengehöriges Sendetelegrammpaar bestehend aus dem aufeinander folgenden ersten und zweiten Sendetelegramm. Die im empfangenen Sendetelegrammpaar enthaltenen Zeitinformationen werden durch den Transponder 01 dekodiert. Es erfolgt eine Zuordnung der Zeitinformation als mögliche Passierzeit zu der im Sendetelegrammpaar enthaltenen, die Kontrollstelle 07 kennzeichnende Information. Der dabei entstehende Datensatz wird in einem Datenspeicher des Transponders 01 abgelegt.Subsequent to the method - but within the same transmission period - the transponder 01 receives a pair of associated transmission telegrams consisting of the successive first and second transmission telegrams. The time information contained in the received transmission telegram pair are decoded by the transponder 01. There is an assignment of the time information as possible Passierzeit contained in the transmission telegram pair, the control point 07 characterizing information. The resulting data record is stored in a data memory of the transponder 01.

Vom Transponder 01 erfolgt weiterhin eine Bewertung der Signalstärken des empfangenen Sendetelegrammpaars. Die Summe der Signalstärken des Sendetelegrammpaars wird als Gesamtsignalstärke abgelegt. Auf diese Weise kann bei kontinuierlichem Empfang mehrerer, aufeinander folgender Sendetelegrammpaare ein Vergleich der Gesamtsignalstärken erfolgen, um auf dieser Basis ein Kriterium für das ortsgenaue Passieren der Kontrollstelle 07 zu erhalten. In diesem Zusammenhang können unterschiedliche Algorithmen zum Einsatz kommen, welche an den Signalstärkeverlauf bei den Sendern verwendeter Antennen angepasst sind. Bei Passieren der Kontrollstelle 07 wird eine maximale Signalstärke erreicht, sodass die hierbei aus den Sendetelegrammen extrahierte Zeitinformation als tatsächliche Passierzeit in Frage kommt.From the transponder 01 continues to be an evaluation of the signal strengths of the received transmission telegram pair. The sum of the signal strengths of the transmission telegram pair is stored as the total signal strength. In this way, with continuous reception of several consecutive transmission telegram pairs, a comparison of the total signal strengths can be made in order to obtain a criterion for the exact location of the control point 07 on this basis. In this context, different algorithms can be used which are connected to the Signal strength course are adapted to the transmitters used antennas. When the control point 07 passes, a maximum signal strength is achieved, so that the time information extracted here from the transmission telegrams comes into consideration as an actual pass time.

Erfindungsgemäß beschränkt sich die Auswahl der gültigen Passierzeit aber nicht auf die Ermittlung der maximalen Signalstärke. Des Weiteren wird durch den Transponder 01 zusätzlich noch die im Sendetelegramm des Slaves 05 enthaltene Referenzsignalstärke ausgewertet. Ein Datensatz über ein erfolgtes Passieren der Kontrollstelle 07 wird nur dann gebildet bzw. als gültig bewertet, wenn sowohl die Signalstärke des Masters 03 als auch des Slaves 05 mindestens gleich oder größer der Referenzsignalstärke sind.According to the invention, however, the selection of the valid passing time is not limited to determining the maximum signal strength. Furthermore, the transponder 01 additionally evaluates the reference signal strength contained in the transmission telegram of the slave 05. A record of a passing of the control point 07 is only formed or evaluated as valid if both the signal strength of the master 03 and the slave 05 are at least equal to or greater than the reference signal strength.

Auf diese Weise können Fehlaufzeichnungen einer weiteren Passierzeit in Transpondern 01 von Teilnehmern vermieden werden, die sich zeitweise z.B. als Zuschauer 11 an der Erfassungsstelle 07 befinden. Diese die Kontrollstelle 07 nicht passierenden Teilnehmer/Zuschauer 11 halten sich z.B. kurze Zeit nach dem Zieleinlauf noch in der Nähe der Kontrollstelle 07, jedoch außerhalb der Laufbahn 09, auf. In diesen Außenbereichen wird von den Transpondern 01 zwar eine maximale Gesamtsignalfeldstärke ermittelt, jedoch ist die weitere Bedingung nicht erfüllt, dass die Einzelsignalstärken beider Sender mindestens gleich groß der ebenfalls empfangenen Referenzfeldstärke sein müssen. Denn die Signalfeldstärke des weiter entfernten Senders ist aufgrund des größeren Abstands zwischen Teilnehmer 11 und entferntem Sender (im Vergleich mit dem Abstand A zwischen den Sendern) kleiner als die Referenzfeldstärke.In this way, incorrect recordings of a further pass time in transponders 01 can be avoided by subscribers who are temporarily located, for example, as viewers 11 at the registration point 07. These participants / spectators 11 who do not pass the checkpoint 07, for example, stop short of the finish line in the vicinity of the checkpoint 07, but outside of the runway 09. In these outdoor areas, although a maximum total signal field strength is determined by the transponders 01, the further condition that the individual signal strengths of both transmitters must be at least equal to the reference field strength also received is not met. Because the signal field strength of the distant transmitter is smaller than the reference field strength due to the greater distance between the subscriber 11 and remote transmitter (compared with the distance A between the transmitters).

Die vom Transponder 01 ermittelte Signalstärke ist proportional der induzierten Spannung in der Transponder-Empfangsspule. Diese Spannung hängt unter anderem von dem Betrag der magnetischen Feldstärke an der Spulenposition und von der geometrischen Ausrichtung der Spulenfläche gegenüber der Feldlinienrichtung ab. Wenn ein Transponder 01 innerhalb der Kontrollstelle 07 in Durchlaufrichtung bewegt wird, ändern sich entlang des Weges von Position zu Position der Wert und die Richtung der Feldstärke. Ein Maximalwert der induzierten Spannung bzw. der daraus ermittelte Signalstärke im Transponder 01 kann nicht eindeutig einer Position auf dem Durchlaufweg zugeordnet werden.The signal strength determined by the transponder 01 is proportional to the induced voltage in the transponder receiver coil. Among other things, this voltage depends on the amount of magnetic field strength at the coil position and on the geometric orientation of the coil surface with respect to the field line direction. When a transponder 01 is moved in the passage direction within the control point 07, the value and the direction of the field strength change along the path from position to position. A maximum value of the induced voltage or the signal strength determined therefrom in the transponder 01 can not be unambiguously assigned to a position on the passageway.

Durch eine besondere Ausführung der Transponderspule kann der Einfluss der Feldstärkerichtung sehr stark vermindert werden. Dazu besteht die Flachspule der Transponderempfangsspule aus drei Flachspulen, die zueinander senkrecht angeordnet sind. Die Empfangsfeldstärke jeder einzelnen Spule wird getrennt ermittelt und nachfolgend werden diese einzelnen Werte aufsummiert. Die Summe der induzierten Spannung entspricht damit mit guter Näherung dem Betrag der Feldstärke. Die Bewegungsrichtung eines Transponders 01 durch eine Kontrollstelle 07 ist im Idealfall rechtwinklig zur Kontrollstelle 07. In einem Sportwettkampf ist die Abweichung vom Idealfall gering. Entlang einer solchen Laufbahn ändert sich der Betrag der magnetischen Feldstärke, sie nimmt vor der Kontrollstelle 07 zu, erreicht im Kontrollstellenbereich einen Maximalwert und nimmt hinter der Kontrollstelle wieder ab.By a special design of the transponder coil, the influence of the field intensity can be greatly reduced. For this purpose, the flat coil of the transponder receiving coil consists of three flat coils, which are arranged perpendicular to each other. The reception field strength of each individual coil is determined separately and these individual values are subsequently summed up. The sum of the induced voltage thus corresponds with good approximation to the magnitude of the field strength. The direction of movement of a transponder 01 through a control point 07 is ideally perpendicular to the control point 07. In a sports competition, the deviation from the ideal case is low. Along such a track, the amount of magnetic field strength changes, it increases in front of the control point 07, reaches a maximum value in the checkpoint area and decreases again behind the control point.

Zur Auswertung der empfangenen und als gültig bewerteten Daten kann der Transponder in an sich bekannter Weise mit einer Auswerteeinheit in Verbindung gebracht werden. Alternativ kann der Transponder 01 über seine Sendeeinrichtung den Datensatz an einen Informationsempfangspunkt übertragen, der die Daten an die Auswerteeinheit übermittelt.In order to evaluate the received and validated data, the transponder can be connected to an evaluation unit in a manner known per se. Alternatively, the transponder 01 via its transmitting device, the record transmitted to an information receiving point, which transmits the data to the evaluation unit.

Bei Wettkämpfen werden in der Regel mehrere Kontrollstellen von den Teilnehmern passiert. Jede dieser Kontrollstellen ist zumindest mit einem im Masterbetrieb arbeitenden Sender ausgestattet. Der Master ist spezifisch mit einem die zugehörige Kontrollstelle kennzeichnenden Ortskode konfiguriert, der im Sendetelegramm mit übertragen wird. Die einzelnen Master können flexibel mit einheitlichen Slaves ergänzt werden, um an der jeweiligen Kontrollstelle eine höhere Ortsgenauigkeit der Passierzeit sowie Abgrenzung zum Umgebungsbereich zu erreichen. Werden einem Master zwei Slaves zugeordnet, so sind diese Slaves unterschiedlich als Slave1 und Slave2 zu konfigurieren, um eine Überlagerung der gesendeten Telegramme zu vermeiden.In competitions, several checkpoints are usually passed by the participants. Each of these checkpoints is equipped at least with a transmitter operating in master mode. The master is specifically configured with a location code characterizing the associated control point, which is also transmitted in the send telegram. The individual masters can be flexibly supplemented with uniform slaves in order to achieve a higher positional accuracy of the pass time as well as differentiation from the surrounding area at the respective control point. If two slaves are assigned to a master, these slaves must be configured differently as Slave1 and Slave2 in order to avoid overlapping of the sent telegrams.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 -01 -
Transpondertransponder
02 -02 -
--
03 -03 -
erster Sender / Masterfirst transmitter / master
04 -04 -
--
05 -05 -
zweiter Sender / Slavesecond transmitter / slave
06 -06 -
--
07 -07 -
Kontrollstellecontrol Authority
08 -08 -
--
09 -09 -
Laufbahncareer
10 -10 -
--
11 -11 -
Teilnehmer außerhalb der LaufbahnParticipants outside the career path
AA
Abstand zwischen den SendernDistance between the transmitters

Claims (9)

  1. A method of recording the passing times of participants at a checkpoint (07), particularly at sporting events, wherein the participants are each fitted with at least one transponder (1) on their person, involving the following steps:
    - arrangement of a first and a second transmitter (03, 05) at the checkpoint (07), wherein the transmitters (03, 05) exhibit a spacing (A) relative to one another and wherein the straight line connecting the transmitters (03, 05) determines the local position of the checkpoint (07);
    - repeated transmission of a first and a second message having an essentially identical signal strength in each case by the first and second transmitters (03, 05), wherein the first or/and second message exhibits time information and information identifying the checkpoint (07);
    - receipt of the first message from the first transmitter (03) by the second transmitter (05), evaluation of the signal strength of the first message prevailing at the second transmitter (05) and recording of this prevailing signal strength as the reference signal strength;
    - introduction of the reference signal strength information into the second message to be transmitted by the second transmitter (05);
    - reception of at least one pair of associated messages from the first and second message of the first and second transmitter (03, 05) by the transponder (01), including the reference field strength information inserted in the second message;
    - determination of the signal strengths of both messages of the received message pair and totaling of the signal strengths as a total signal strength in the transponder (01);
    - comparison between the total signal strengths of consecutive message pairs, determination of a maximum total signal strength which occurs when the transponder (01) passes the checkpoint (07), decoding of the time information as a possible passing time at the associated checkpoint (07) from the message pair in the transponder (01);
    - comparison between the reference signal strength and the signal strength of the first and second message of the same message pair and confirmation of the passing time, only if the signal strengths of both the first and the second message are equal to or greater than the reference signal strength, and storage of the confirmed passing time in the transponder (01).
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first transmitter (03) works as an independent master and the second transmitter (05) as a dependent slave.
  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slave (05) receives the message from the master (03).
  4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that information on the operating mode with the associated slave (05) is transmitted in the message from the master (03).
  5. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transponder (01) transmits data to an information reception point via a transmission device.
  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the information reception point is connected to an evaluation unit.
  7. The method according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in order to determine the passing of the checkpoint (07) with locational precision by comparing the total signal strength of consecutive messages, algorithms are used, which are adapted to the signal strength pattern of antennas used with the transmitters (03, 05).
  8. The method according to one of the claims 2 to 7, characterized in that a master and two slaves are arranged at the checkpoint, wherein the master is arranged centrally between the slaves, that the slaves transmit their messages consecutively after they have received the message from the master, and that the transponder (01) uses the message from the slave with the higher signal strength to create the total signal strength and for comparison with the reference signals strength.
  9. An arrangement for recording passing times at checkpoints (07), particularly at sporting events, comprising at least one moved transponder (01), a first and a second stationery transmitter (03, 05), wherein the transmitters (03, 05) are arranged spaced apart from one another at a checkpoint (07), characterized in that it is configured to implement a method according to one of the claims 1 to 8.
EP20110186481 2010-11-16 2011-10-25 Method and arrangment for determining passing times at control points, in particular for sport events Not-in-force EP2453415B1 (en)

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DE202013000094U1 (en) 2012-01-17 2013-02-08 City Challenge GmbH System and display for the electronic display of the changing placement of vehicles or participants during a race
DK3035298T3 (en) * 2014-12-19 2021-05-25 Mylaps B V Determination of the transit time of a moving transponder
EP3073447B1 (en) 2015-03-26 2023-02-01 Swiss Timing Ltd. Method and system for measuring a transit time, and transponder module of the system
DE102015010398A1 (en) * 2015-08-13 2017-03-02 race result AG Sports Timing
EP3316226A1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-02 Harald Mika Method and system for timekeeping
CN112308999A (en) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-02 北京八迈科技有限公司 Vehicle timing method, timing sensor and receiver, client and timing system

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DE2914137C2 (en) 1979-04-07 1981-03-26 Winfried Dr.Med. 5100 Aachen Hermanns Device for recording the finish of participants in a race
DE3277944D1 (en) 1981-09-07 1988-02-11 Longines Montres Comp D System for the identification and the determination of the passing moment of a plurality of moving objects at a predetermined point of their travel path
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US6864829B2 (en) * 2003-02-14 2005-03-08 Amb It Holding B.V. System for determining a position of a moving transponder
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