EP2338827A2 - Work machine, in particular digger - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine e.g. excavator, has an extension element (3) supporting an operating equipment and attached to a hinge axle (2) of an extension arm (1) using a gimbaled mounting bracket (5). The operating equipment is attached to a hinge axle (9) of the extension element using another gimbaled mounting bracket (6). The extension element extends, and the operating equipment is attached through the gimbaled mounting brackets at the hinge axle of the extension element. The operating equipment is hydraulically operated, and the extension element includes hydraulic lines and hydraulic connection.

Description

The present invention relates to a work machine, in particular an excavator, with a boom, an extension element and a working device, wherein the extension element is attached to a pivot axis of the boom via a first gimbal and carries the implement.

In particular, the working machine is a hydraulic excavator, to the handle of which a hook is attached as a working device, via which bulk material can be loaded. In order to increase the depth of such a machine, extension elements are known which can be screwed between the gripper mechanism and the gimbal hook suspension. However, the gripper with the attached extension element on a very large lever length. This can have an adverse effect on the Mreifer mechanism and in particular lead to damage to the ship's bottom in port handling.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a working machine with an extended filling depth, which has improved mechanical properties.

This object is achieved by a machine according to claim 1.

The working machine according to the invention, in particular an excavator, in this case has a boom, an extension element and a working device, wherein the extension element is attached to a pivot axis of the boom via a first gimbal suspension and carries the implement. According to the invention it is provided that the implement is attached to a pivot axis of the extension element via a second gimbal suspension. By this double cardanic suspension of the implement, the harmful moments that arose in the prior art due to the long lever arm avoided. Despite the extension, the load thus essentially corresponds to that of a simply attached implement. Furthermore, the underground z. B. a ship's bottom in port handling, spared. In addition, a more uniform wear of the working device, in particular a more uniform wear of a gripper over the cutting width.

The working machine is in particular an excavator. This advantageously has an undercarriage with a chassis. Furthermore, advantageously, a boom is provided, which can be up and down about at least one horizontally arranged axis. At the top of the boom usually the pivot axis is arranged for a working device. The excavator may in particular be a hydraulic excavator. The boom is movable over at least one hydraulic cylinder. The implement may advantageously be a gripper with which bulk material can be loaded.

The first gimbal suspension advantageously allows a freely oscillating attachment of the extension element to the boom. Further advantageously, the second gimbal suspension allows a freely oscillating attachment of the implement to the extension element. Each of the gimbals advantageously allows a movement about two pivot axes, which are perpendicular to each other.

Further advantageously, it is provided that the extension element removed and the implement can be attached via the first or the second gimbal on the pivot axis of the boom. In particular, this advantageously corresponds to the pivot axis on the boom of the pivot axis on the extension element. Further advantageously, the first cardanic suspension corresponds to the second gimbal. The extension element can thus be hung over the first gimbal just between the boom and the second gimbal of the implement. This results in a simple structure. Furthermore, the assembly and disassembly of the extension element is easily possible. Corresponding implements can be mounted on existing suspensions on the extension element without the additional parts would be needed.

Further advantageously, it is provided that the implement is hydraulically driven and the extension element has hydraulic lines and hydraulic connections, via which hydraulic connections can be connected or connected to the boom with hydraulic connections on the implement. Advantageously, therefore, all the hydraulic connections and hydraulic lines are already present on the extension element, via which the working equipment is supplied with hydraulic fluid. For example, the implement may be a gripper whose mechanics are hydraulically actuated.

Furthermore, a quick-change device can be provided for connecting the implement to the extension element. Such a quick-change device advantageously allows simultaneously the mechanical and the hydraulic Connection between the implement and the extension element. Alternatively or additionally, an automatic mechanical connection can also be provided.

Advantageously, it is provided that the quick-change device is arranged between the extension element and the second gimbal suspension. In particular, such tools can be easily arranged with a gimbal and a quick-change device on the extension element.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the extension element is telescopic. As a result, only one extension element is needed to allow different depths of depth.

Further advantageously, it may be provided that one or more articulated axes of the first and / or second gimbal suspension is associated with a braking device. In particular, a respective braking device is associated with both articulation axes of the first and / or second gimbal suspension. Advantageously, in each case a brake device is associated with at least the two joint axes of the second gimbal suspension.

Such a brake device allows in particular the definition and / or torque limitation of the corresponding joint axis. A limitation of the transmittable torque allows a kind of overload protection. By defining corresponding joint axes further applications of the extension element are possible. For example, by setting some joint axes, the extension can also be used for deep wells. In particular, the tapping of vertical walls is possible. By the braking device while the gripper mechanism can be spared by the brake gives way in case of overload.

The operation of the brake can be controlled by a control of the machine. In particular, while a brake actuator may be provided, for. B. a hydraulic brake actuator, via which the brake device is actuated. Alternatively, the brake by hand z. B. be actuated or adjustable by tightening a screw.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the function of the brake is coupled to the function of the implement. For example, the brake can be actuated when the gripper closes.

The braking device can be z. B. be designed as a disc brake, as a multi-disc brake or as a band brake.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the pivot angle of one or more hinge axes of the first and / or the second gimbal suspension can be limited or fixed by stops. Such attacks allow for appropriate application situations a simple mechanical limitation or determination of the joint axes.

Advantageously, the attacks are releasably fastened. As a result, the attacks, if they are needed, be attached to the working machine accordingly. Advantageously, a set of different stops can be provided in order to achieve different pivoting angles. Alternatively, the stops can be mounted in different positions of the machine. Advantageously, the attacks are bolted.

Advantageously, the implement of the work machine according to the invention is a gripper. Furthermore advantageously, the machine is doing the handling of bulk such. As sand, gravel, coal, fertilizers or scrap used. By the extension element according to the invention here are the mechanical stresses by the double gimbal suspension significantly reduced. In particular, the port envelope, the ship's bottom is also spared.

Alternatively, the working machine according to the invention can also be used for deep shafting. In particular, the working device is a working device for deep shafting. Advantageously, the working machine can be used in particular for parting off vertical walls. Advantageously, for this purpose, one or more of the joint axes of the first and / or the second gimbal suspension can be fixed, in particular via a braking device and / or stops.

In addition to the work machine, the present invention further includes an extension member for a work machine as described above. In particular, the extension element has a first cardanic suspension, by means of which it can be attached to a pivoting axis of a cantilever. Further advantageously, the extension element has a pivot axis, to which a working device can be attached via a second cardanic suspension. Advantageously, in this case corresponds to the pivot axis on the extension element, via which the implement can be attached to this, the pivot axis to which the first gimbal suspension is appended.

An inventive extension element advantageously has a length of more than 50 cm, more advantageously of 1 m or more.

Further advantageously, the present invention includes a set of multiple extension members as described above. Such a set of several extension elements of different lengths allows flexible adaptation of a work machine to different work situations. For example, such a set may comprise a first extension element one meter in length, a second extension element two meters in length, and optionally a third extension element three meters in length, and so forth. Of course, other length versions are possible.

The working machine according to the invention can be used in particular in bulk handling in the harbor area, in particular for loading and / or unloading of ships.

Figur 1:

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verlängerungselements,

Figur 2:

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verlängerungselements,

Figur 3:

ein Ausschnitt aus einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verlängerungselements in einer perspektivischen Ansicht,

Figur 4a:

das in Figur 3 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Seitenansicht,

Figur 4b:

eine alternative Ausführung zu dem in Figur 3 und Figur 4a gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel,

Figur 5:

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Verlängerungselements und

Figur 6:

eine Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verlängerungselementes.

The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and drawings. Showing:

FIG. 1:

A first embodiment of an extension element according to the invention,

FIG. 2:

A second embodiment of an extension element according to the invention,

FIG. 3:

a detail of a third embodiment of an extension element according to the invention in a perspective view,

FIG. 4a

this in FIG. 3 shown embodiment in a side view,

FIG. 4b:

an alternative embodiment to that in Figure 3 and Figure 4a shown embodiment,

FIG. 5:

a third embodiment of an extension element according to the invention and

FIG. 6:

an application of the extension element according to the invention.

The preferred embodiment of a work machine according to the present invention is an excavator, in particular a hydraulic excavator. The excavator has a chassis, over which it is movable. The excavator can in particular at least two frosted axles exhibit. Alternatively, a crawler undercarriage may be provided. The excavator further comprises a boom, which is articulated about at least one horizontal axis on the excavator and this is on and tippable. In particular, one or more hydraulic cylinders are provided for this purpose. The excavator may have an upper carriage, which is rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation relative to the undercarriage. The boom is advantageously articulated on the uppercarriage.
Alternatively or additionally, the boom can be pivotable about a vertical axis of rotation relative to the excavator. The boom is in particular an excavator handle.

The boom has at its free end on a pivot axis for attaching a working device. In FIG. 1 In this case, the stem end of the dredger handle 1 with the articulation axis 2 is shown. In the articulation axis 2 may be in particular a standard recording for attaching implements, z. B. a recording of the type G.

The implement may in particular be a gripper 4. Such is in FIG. 1 illustrated as an exemplary embodiment. The gripper has a gripper mechanism 8, via which gripper blades, not shown, are movable. The gripper blades are attached to pivot axes 9 on the gripper and movable over the hydraulic cylinder 8, so that the gripper can be opened and closed. Furthermore, the gripper in the embodiment on a rotary drive 7, with which it can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation.

According to the gripper 4 is attached via an extension element 3 on the boom 1 double cardan. For this purpose, a first gimbal 5 is provided, via which the extension element 3 is attached to the pivot axis 2 of the boom 1. The extension element 3 in turn has an articulation axis 10, on which the gripper 4 is attached via a second gimbal 6. The pivot axis 10 on the extension element 3 corresponds to the pivot axis 2 on the boom 1. In this way, the gripper 7 on the second gimbal 6 are also attached to the articulation axis 2 of the boom 1.

Advantageously, the connection of the gimbals with the respective pivot axes is done via Verbolzungen. As a result, a detachable connection of the respective suspension with the pivot axes is possible.

The construction of the first and the second gimbal suspension will now be briefly described. The first gimbal 5 in this case has a first pivot axis 13, via which it can be attached to the pivot axis 2 on the boom. The first pivot axis 13 is provided by a fork available. Furthermore, the gimbal has a second pivot axis 12. This is perpendicular to the first pivot axis 13. The gimbal element can be articulated via the second pivot axis 12 to a pivot axis 11 of the extension element. As a result, the extension element 3 is suspended freely swinging on the boom 1 via the two axes.

The second gimbal 6 is identical to the first gimbal 5 executed. It has a first articulation axis 14 for articulation on the articulation axis 10 of the extension element or on the articulation axis 2 of the articulation 1. Furthermore, it has a second pivot axis 16, which is perpendicular to the first pivot axis 14. About the second pivot axis 16 is a pivot axis 15 of the gripper 4 attached to the second gimbal element. This in turn results in a freely oscillating about the two axes suspension of the gripper on the extension element. 3

The extension element according to the invention can be used to increase the depth of z. B. be used in the ship unloading at a river port, as in FIG. 6 is shown. In the working machine according to the invention is thus an envelope machine. Areas of application can be z. B. bulk such as sand, gravel, coal, fertilizer, etc. be. Also a use for scrap is conceivable.

The simple interposition of the gripper extension between the handle end and the hook suspension and the resulting double gimbal suspension harmful moments are avoided on the gripper or the ground. This results in a very simple attachment and removal, since the gripper must not be disassembled to extend. Rather, any gripper on the already existing, different gripper suspensions to the extension and the extension to the stem end can be grown. For different grippers so no different variants are necessary.

Furthermore, a simple kit of different lengths extensions can be built. For example, the extension 3 can have lengths of one meter, two meters, three meters, etc.

In a further advantageous manner, it is provided that the extension element already has all the necessary connections for the hydraulic supply of the implement. This is in the embodiment in FIG. 2 shown. At the extension 3 while hydraulic lines 17 are grown. These have hydraulic connections 18 and 19, via which they can be connected to hydraulic lines on the boom 1 and on the implement 5.

The cables can also be routed protected in the box of the extension. Alternatively, a protective element may be mounted adjacent to or above the lines.

In one embodiment, it is also conceivable to equip the extension element 3 at the free end with a quick-change device. Such a quick-change device allows z. As a simultaneous mechanical and hydraulic connection between the implement and the extension element 3. Alternatively or additionally, an automatic mechanical coupling via a corresponding bolt mechanism would be possible.

At the in FIG. 1 shown embodiment of an extension member 3 is the upper pivot axis 11 for articulation to the first gimbal suspension perpendicular to the second pivot axis 10 for attaching the second gimbal suspension. However, the alignment of the two axes is not critical. So can, as in FIG. 2 shown, the upper pivot axis 11 also parallel to the lower pivot axis 10. The upper and the lower pivot axis are each perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the extension element. 3

The extension element 3 is advantageously designed as a rigid steel structure. In particular, a box construction is advantageously chosen for this purpose. Two walls of this box form at the upper end tabs with holes that provide the pivot axis 11. At the lower end, however, a cylinder is welded to the box structure, which provides the lower pivot axis 10 available.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to lock individual joint axes of the first and / or the second gimbal suspension via braking devices or to limit the transmittable torque. This is in FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrated by embodiments. Here, a brake device is in each case shown, which is associated with a first hinge axis of the second gimbal suspension. The brake assembly is therefore arranged at the lower end of the extension element 3. The brake device has a brake disk 20, which is inserted via a brake caliper 21 for fixing or for torque limitation on the axis of rotation formed by the pivot axes 10 and 14.

The caliper is arranged on the gimbal element 6, the brake disc 20 on the lower side of the extension element 3. In the FIGS. 3 and 4a In this case, a central arrangement of the brake disc 20 is shown. In FIG. 4b On the other hand, an arrangement of the brake disc and the caliper is shown on the outside of the pivot axis.

Corresponding braking devices are in the embodiments shown here according to the FIGS. 3, 4a and 4b also used for the other or further joint axes of the suspension. Here is to refer to the brake disc 23 in the region of the axis 16 and the associated brake caliper.

As an alternative to the disc brake shown also disc brakes, band brakes, etc. can be used. In FIG. 5 a variant embodiment is shown in which engages a loaded by a spring movable pin in an opening 21 of the brake disc 20. This mechanism replaces the caliper. In the vertical position of the extension element 3, the pin 22 is engaged. When pivoting the extension element 3, the pin can be disengaged when a certain limit force is exceeded. Upon renewed vertical position of the extension element 3, the pin engages again in the opening 21 a. As a result, an overload protection is created. The purpose of this overload protection is to keep the lower joint rigid until it reaches a defined torque. When this torque is exceeded, the lock is released as in an overload clutch, so that the lower suspension freely oscillates. As a result, an overload of extension and gripper can be prevented. Until the overload is reached, a rigid extension can be used.

By the braking device, the extension element can also be used for deep wells. In particular, so the tapping of vertical walls is possible. In case of overload, the brake will give way and thus protects the gripper mechanism. The actuation of the brake device can either be controlled separately or coupled to a function of the implement. For example, the operation of the brake device may be coupled to the operation of the gripper and also close at a closing of the gripper.

Alternatively or additionally, the pivoting angles of the joint axes can be limited with stops or also fixed for certain work. Advantageously, this are corresponding stops on the joint axes screwed. In particular, it may be a modular system with different attacks.

Furthermore, a austeleskopierbare extension would be conceivable in which the extension element 3 is changed over at least one telescopic thrust in its length.

The present invention, with the double gimbal over the extension member, represents a significant mechanical improvement over known extensions. With the extension member according to the present invention, the load does not substantially exceed the load situation of a directly mounted implement. In addition to the protection of the implement mechanics and the lower wear on the implement also the substrate, especially the ship's floor is spared.

The extension according to the invention can be used in all handling machines, in particular in handling machines for bulk material and / or scrap. The extension can be used to increase the depth of field in particular when using a gripper as a working device. By specifying individual axes further applications are possible.

Claims (10)

Work machine, in particular excavator, with a boom, an extension element and a working device, wherein the extension element is attached to a pivot axis of the boom via a first gimbal and carries the implement,
characterized,
that the implement is attached to a pivot axis of the extension member via a second gimbal. The work machine according to claim 1, wherein the extension member can be dismantled and the work implement attached to the linkage axis of the boom via the first or second gimbals. Work machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the working device is hydraulically driven and the extension element has hydraulic lines and hydraulic connections, via which hydraulic connections on the boom with hydraulic connections on the working device can be connected or connected. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a quick-change device for connecting the working device to the extension element, wherein the quick-change device is advantageously arranged between the extension element and the second gimbal suspension. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the extension element is austeleskopierbar. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more joint axes of the first and / or second gimbal is associated with a braking device, in particular for fixing and / or torque limiting the joint axis and / or wherein the pivot angle of one or more joint axes of the first and / or the second gimbal suspension can be limited by stops or fixed, in particular via releasably attachable stops. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it is the working device is a gripper, advantageously for the handling of bulk material such. As sand, gravel, coal, fertilizer or scrap. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it is the implement to a working device for deep wells, in particular for parting off vertical walls. Extension element for a working device according to one of the preceding claims. Set of several extension elements according to claim 9 different length.

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