EP2325807B2 - Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system - Google Patents

Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2325807B2
EP2325807B2 EP09450219.2A EP09450219A EP2325807B2 EP 2325807 B2 EP2325807 B2 EP 2325807B2 EP 09450219 A EP09450219 A EP 09450219A EP 2325807 B2 EP2325807 B2 EP 2325807B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beacon
toll
vehicle device
location
information
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EP09450219.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2325807B1 (en
EP2325807A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Van Haperen
Jan Kersten
Jasja Tijink
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Kapsch TrafficCom AG
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Kapsch TrafficCom AG
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Priority to ES09450219T priority Critical patent/ES2382951T5/en
Priority to PL11008288T priority patent/PL2407935T3/en
Priority to PT110082880T priority patent/PT2407935E/en
Priority to EP09450219.2A priority patent/EP2325807B2/en
Priority to EP11008288A priority patent/EP2407935B1/en
Priority to PL09450219T priority patent/PL2325807T3/en
Priority to AT09450219T priority patent/ATE546803T1/en
Priority to PT09450219T priority patent/PT2325807E/en
Priority to SI200930253T priority patent/SI2325807T1/en
Application filed by Kapsch TrafficCom AG filed Critical Kapsch TrafficCom AG
Priority to DK09450219.2T priority patent/DK2325807T3/en
Priority to DK11008288.0T priority patent/DK2407935T3/en
Priority to ES11008288T priority patent/ES2401375T3/en
Priority to US12/900,928 priority patent/US9269197B2/en
Publication of EP2325807A1 publication Critical patent/EP2325807A1/en
Publication of EP2325807B1 publication Critical patent/EP2325807B1/en
Publication of EP2325807B2 publication Critical patent/EP2325807B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for generating toll information from the movements of on-board devices in a road toll system, which comprises at least one toll center and a large number of geographically distributed beacons connected to it for short-range radio communication with the on-board devices and records a sequence of position data of an on-board device in this on-board device .
  • short-range radio communications are understood to mean radio distances (cell radii) of up to a few kilometers.
  • Infrastructure-based toll systems achieve a high level of security when paying tolls, but require an extensive roadside infrastructure to be able to localize OBUs across the board, because the local resolution of the localization results from the size of the transmission reception areas and the number of beacons.
  • infrastructure-free toll systems have unlimited area coverage due to the self-localization capability of the OBUs, but require enormous computing power (server farm) in the toll center in the case of "thin client” systems in order to generate toll information from the raw position data of the OBUs, or in the case of "thick clients” -Systems correspondingly complex OBUs, which can record and process the entire toll cards of the toll coverage area, which also requires a correspondingly complex distribution and updating of the toll cards via the mobile network.
  • This data traffic consumes bandwidth and, last but not least, is costly for the user.
  • the aim of the invention is to create methods and devices for a road toll system which combine the advantages of the known systems without adopting their respective disadvantages.
  • said local environment of a beacon is larger than its transmission reception range, that in step a) the location data record of a neighboring beacon is also provided in this beacon, and that in steps c) and d ) the neighboring location data set is also received and compared with the position data sequence.
  • the OBUs receive current location data records for their area of residence on their way - if they come into the transmission reception range of a beacon - can process the last recorded position data sequence based on these location data records into toll information and deliver the toll information generated in this way to a beacon on their way away.
  • OBUs locate themselves in any manner known in the art, for example by means of radio direction finding in a mobile network, etc.
  • the position data is preferably determined and recorded with a satellite navigation receiver of the vehicle device, such as this has been practically tested with "thick client" OBUs for GNSS/CN toll systems.
  • the short-range radio communication between the vehicle devices and beacons can also take place according to any short-range radio standard known in the art, but preferably according to the DSRC (dedicated short-range communication), WAVE (wireless access for vehicle environments) or WLAN (wireless local area network) standard , which allows the use of existing infrastructures.
  • DSRC dedicated short-range communication
  • WAVE wireless access for vehicle environments
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the location data record also contains fee information, which is included in the generation of the toll information. This allows, for example, individual tolls to be specified for individual geo-objects subject to tolls or special OBUs or OBU settings.
  • the location data record can preferably also have checking mechanisms such as checksums, hash functions or the like. include, with which its topicality, validity and/or completeness can be verified.
  • the generated toll information is preferably location-anonymized to ensure data protection.
  • the memories of the vehicle device are preferably ring memories, which only record the last recorded position data sequence(s) or the last received location data set(s), which saves storage space and Vehicle device can be performed correspondingly cheaper.
  • In 1 shows a section of a road toll system 1 with a toll center (central system, CS) 2 and a multiplicity of geographically distributed short-range radio beacons (“beacons” for short) 3 connected thereto via connections 2′.
  • the OBUs 4 are equipped with corresponding short-range transceivers 5 ( 2 ) equipped for radio communication with the beacons 3.
  • the short-range radio communication between the beacons 3 and the OBUs 4 preferably takes place according to the DSRC, WAVE or WLAN standard.
  • the OBUs 4 are carried along by vehicles 6 which are moving on traffic areas 7, e.g.
  • the coverage area 8 of the road toll system 1 is divided into a large number of adjacent local areas U 0 , U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , U 4 (generally U j ), each of which has one of the beacons 3 assigned to it.
  • the local environment U i of a beacon 3 is preferably larger than its transmission reception range S i .
  • Geographical objects O ij in the coverage area 8 of the road toll system 1, the use of which by a vehicle 6, more precisely its OBU 4, is to be charged (“tolled"), so-called geo objects subject to tolls, are distributed accordingly over the local surroundings U i .
  • Each beacon 3 is thus responsible for charging the geo-objects O ij in their environment U i .
  • the toll geoobjects O ij can be of any type. In 1 some examples are shown, such as road sections O 11 , O 12 and O 21 , the use of which should be subject to a toll, a parking lot O 23 , the time of use of which should be charged for, and a barrier O 22 , the passage of which is subject to a toll.
  • each OBU 4 is equipped with a device 9 for autonomous position determination.
  • the device 9 is preferably a satellite navigation receiver, for example a GPS receiver, which continuously determines its position in a global satellite navigation system and uses it to generate a sequence ("track") t of position data ("position fixes") p 1 , p 2 , , which is recorded in a first memory 10 of the OBU 4.
  • the memory 10 is preferably a ring memory, which contains only the most recently determined position data p i .
  • each beacon 3 provides the location data of the geo-objects O ij in their environment U i in a local memory 11 as a location data set m i for passing OBUs 4 .
  • the location data record m i is entered locally into the beacon 3 or distributed centrally from the toll center 2 to the beacons 3 via the connections 2'.
  • each beacon 3 preferably also contains the location data sets of one or more adjacent surroundings U i , such as the beacon RSE 2 for the location data sets m 1 and m 3 of the neighboring surroundings U 1 and U 3 .
  • the beacon 3 When an OBU 4 enters the transmission/reception range S i of a beacon 3, the beacon 3 sends the location data records m i provided in its memory 11 to the OBU 4, which receives them via its transceiver 5 and stores them in a second memory 12.
  • the second memory 12 is also preferably a ring memory, which only accepts the most recently received location data records m i .
  • the OBU 4 compares the position data sequence t recorded in the memory 10 with the received location data records mi in the memory 12 for geographical similarity or assignability ("map maching ", block 14) in order to generate toll information tc ("toll charge”) therefrom.
  • the toll information tc generated in the OBU 4 is sent via the transceiver 5 to a beacon 3, either to the same beacon 3 if the OBU 4 is still in its transmission reception area S i , or to a next beacon 3 at a later point in time , in whose transmission reception area S i the OBU 4 arrives on its way.
  • the "map matching" comparison 14 preferably also takes into account fee information which was received together with the location data records m i from the beacons 3, eg geo-object and/or OBU-specific or OBU setting-specific tolls.
  • a first step a one or more sets m i with location data of toll geoobjects O ij of the respective environment U i of a beacon 3 are provided in the beacons 3, for example by receiving from the toll center 2 via the connections 2'.
  • an OBU 4 records a first sequence t 1 of position data ⁇ p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , . . . ⁇ in its memory 10 .
  • RSE 1 transmit/receive area S1 of a first beacon 3
  • connect a handshake
  • the OBU 4 carries out a comparison between the recorded position data sequence t 1 and the received location data record(s) m 0 , m 1 , m 2 (“map matching” block 14), possibly taking into account geo-object and/or OBU (setting) specific charge information received together with the location data records mi, and generates toll information tc 1 therefrom.
  • the toll information tc 1 is sent to the toll center 2 via the transceiver 5 of the OBU 4 and via the next available beacon 3, here the beacon RSE 1 .
  • the ring memory 10 can be erased and the recording of the position data p 1 can be restarted in order to record a next position data sequence t 2 (p 1 , p 2 ,).
  • the generated second toll information tc 2 can be sent via one of the next beacons 3 on the way, here the beacon RSE 3 , to the toll center 2, for example if the transceiver range S 2 of the second beacon RSE 2 has already left during step d). became.
  • the location data records m i of the beacons 3 can also (stationary or mobile) monitoring devices 15 of the road toll system 1 be made available, u.zw. preferably by direct transmission from the beacons 3 via said short-range radio communication.
  • the monitoring devices 15 are able in a conventional manner to detect or record the movements of vehicles 6 with vehicle devices 4 in their vicinity, for example by means of photo or video surveillance, light barriers, radar or laser scanners, etc.
  • the monitoring devices 15 check on the basis of of the location data records m i of a beacon 3 and the detected vehicle movements in the area U i of the beacon 3 the toll information tc i generated by the vehicle devices 4 and can thus initiate further measures in the event of a divergence, e.g. a malfunction or a toll offence, for example a photo or video recording of the vehicle 6 and/or a registration and storage of data from the vehicle device 4.
  • a divergence e.g. a malfunction or a toll offence
  • the toll system 1 also includes "thin client" OBUs, which send their position data sequences t i directly to a beacon 3 so that it generates the toll information tc i from it using their location data records m i
  • the monitoring devices 15 could also be used on the basis of the location data records m i received from a beacon and the detected movements of the OBUs in the local environment U i of a beacon to check the toll information tc i generated by this beacon 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves providing a location data record (mi) of toll road geo objects (o-11) from the local proximity (U-1) of a beacon (3). A road toll system (1) comprises a toll center (2) having a vehicle unit (4). The location data record is received from the beacon, when the vehicle unit is arranged in the reception area (S-1) of the beacon. Independent claims are also included for: (1) a vehicle equipment for a road toll system; (2) a beacon for a road toll system; and (3) a control instrument for a road toll system.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Mautinformationen aus den Bewegungen von Fahrzeuggeräten in einem Straßenmautsystem, das zumindest eine Mautzentrale und eine Vielzahl daran angeschlossener geographisch verteilter Baken zur Kurzreichweiten-Funkkommunikation mit den Fahrzeuggeräten umfaßt und eine Folge von Positionsdaten eines Fahrzeuggeräts in diesem fahrzeuggerät aufzeichnet.The present invention relates to a method for generating toll information from the movements of on-board devices in a road toll system, which comprises at least one toll center and a large number of geographically distributed beacons connected to it for short-range radio communication with the on-board devices and records a sequence of position data of an on-board device in this on-board device .

Unter "Kurzreichweiten"-Funkkommunikationen werden in der vorliegenden Beschreibung Funkentfernungen (Zellradien) von bis zu einigen Kilometern verstanden.In the present description, “short-range” radio communications are understood to mean radio distances (cell radii) of up to a few kilometers.

Moderne Straßenmautsysteme folgen in ihren Funktionen, Rollenverteilungen und Schnittstellen den im Standard ISO 17573, "Road Transport and Traffic Telematics - Electronic Fee Collection - System Architecture for Vehicle Related Transport Services", definierten Prinzipien. Danach gibt es derzeit im wesentlichen zwei grundlegende Arten von Systemen:

  • "Infrastrukturgebundene" Systeme, z.B. DSRC-Mautsysteme (dedicated short range communication), bei denen eine straßenseitige Infrastruktur (roadside equipment, RSE), beispielsweise DSRC-Funkbaken, die OBUs lokalisiert und vermautet; und
  • "infrastrukturlose" Systeme wie GNSS-Mautsysteme (global navigation satellite systems), bei welchen sich die OBUs autark selbst lokalisieren und entweder "rohe" Positionsdaten (als sog. "thin clients") oder daraus auf Grundlage von Mautkarten "fertig" berechnete Mautinformationen (als sog. "thick clients") über ein Mobilfunknetz (cellular network, CN) an die Mautzentrale senden. Aus der EP 1 909 231 A1 ist eine zwischen einem solchen thick- und thin-client-Betrieb umschaltende OBU bekannt.
Modern road toll systems follow the principles defined in the ISO 17573 standard, "Road Transport and Traffic Telematics - Electronic Fee Collection - System Architecture for Vehicle Related Transport Services" in terms of their functions, role distribution and interfaces. Accordingly, there are currently two basic types of systems:
  • “Infrastructure-bound” systems, for example DSRC toll systems (dedicated short range communication), in which a roadside infrastructure (roadside equipment, RSE), for example DSRC radio beacons, localizes and charges the OBUs; and
  • "Infrastructure-free" systems such as GNSS toll systems (global navigation satellite systems), in which the OBUs locate themselves autonomously and either "raw" position data (as so-called "thin clients") or toll information "completely" calculated from it on the basis of toll cards ( as so-called "thick clients") via a cellular network (CN) to the toll center. From the EP 1 909 231 A1 an OBU that switches between such thick and thin client operation is known.

Infrastrukturgebundene Mautsysteme erreichen eine hohe Vermautungssicherheit, benötigen dazu jedoch eine umfangreiche straßenseitige Infrastruktur, um OBUs flächendeckend lokalisieren zu können, weil sich die Ortsauflösung der Lokalisierung aus der Größe der Sendeempfangsbereiche und Anzahl der Baken ergibt. Infrastrukturlose Mautsysteme haben anderseits aufgrund der Selbstlokalisierungsfähigkeit der OBUs eine prinzipiell unbegrenzte Flächenabdeckung, erfordern jedoch bei "thin client"-Systemen eine enorme Rechenleistung (Serverfarm) in der Mautzentrale, um aus den rohen Positionsdaten der OBUs Mautinformationen zu erzeugen, oder bei "thick client"-Systemen entsprechend aufwendige OBUs, welche die gesamten Mautkarten des Mautabdeckungsgebiets aufnehmen und verarbeiten können, was auch eine entsprechend aufwendige Verteilung und Aktualisierung der Mautkarten über das Mobilfunknetz voraussetzt. Dieser Datenverkehr ist bandbreitenverzehrend und nicht zuletzt kostspielig für den Benutzer.Infrastructure-based toll systems achieve a high level of security when paying tolls, but require an extensive roadside infrastructure to be able to localize OBUs across the board, because the local resolution of the localization results from the size of the transmission reception areas and the number of beacons. On the other hand, infrastructure-free toll systems have unlimited area coverage due to the self-localization capability of the OBUs, but require enormous computing power (server farm) in the toll center in the case of "thin client" systems in order to generate toll information from the raw position data of the OBUs, or in the case of "thick clients" -Systems correspondingly complex OBUs, which can record and process the entire toll cards of the toll coverage area, which also requires a correspondingly complex distribution and updating of the toll cards via the mobile network. This data traffic consumes bandwidth and, last but not least, is costly for the user.

Die Erfindung setzt sich zum Ziel, Verfahren und Vorrichtungen für ein Straßenmautsystem zu schaffen, welche die Vorteile der bekannten Systeme vereinen, ohne deren jeweilige Nachteile zu übernehmen.The aim of the invention is to create methods and devices for a road toll system which combine the advantages of the known systems without adopting their respective disadvantages.

Dieses Ziel wird in einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung mit einem Verfahren der einleitend genannten Art erreicht, das sich auszeichnet durch die Schritte:

  1. a) Bereitstellen eines Satzes von Ortsdaten mautpflichtiger Geoobjekte aus der jeweiligen lokalen Umgebung einer Bake in dieser Bake,
  2. b) Aufzeichnen einer Folge von Positionsdaten eines Fahrzeuggeräts in diesem Fahrzeuggerät,
  3. c) wenn das genannte Fahrzeuggerät im Sendeempfangsbereich einer Bake ist: Empfangen des Ortsdatensatzes von dieser Bake im Fahrzeuggerät,
  4. d) Vergleichen der Positionsdatenfolge mit dem empfangenen Ortsdatensatz im Fahrzeuggerät, um daraus Mautinformationen zu erzeugen, und
  5. e) wenn das genannte Fahrzeuggerät im Sendeempfangsbereich einer Bake ist: Senden der Mautinformationen vom Fahrzeuggerät über die Bake an die Mautzentrale.
This goal is achieved in a first aspect of the invention with a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, which is characterized by the steps:
  1. a) providing a set of location data for geo-objects subject to tolls from the respective local environment of a beacon in this beacon,
  2. b) recording a sequence of position data of an on-board device in this on-board device,
  3. c) if the on-board unit mentioned is in the transceiver range of a beacon: receiving the location data set from this beacon in the on-board unit,
  4. d) comparing the position data sequence with the received location data set in the vehicle device in order to generate toll information therefrom, and
  5. e) if the named on-board device is within the transmission range of a beacon: transmission of the toll information from the on-board device via the beacon to the toll center.

Die Erfindung beruht auf einem neuartigen Einsatz von selbstlokalisierenden OBUs im Rahmen eines infrastrukturgebundenen Mautsystems mit Funkbaken zur Verteilung lokal begrenzter Mautkarten der Umgebung, sog. Ortsdatensätze, an passierende OBUs und zur Entgegennahme von in den OBUs auf Grundlage dieser lokalen Karten berechneten Mautinformationen. Damit werden die folgenden Vorteile erzielt:

  • Durch die Aufteilung des gesamten Abdeckungsbereichs des Mautsystems auf einzelne lokale Teilkarten (Ortsdatensätze) wird die Wartung und Bereitstellung der Ortsdaten der mautpflichtigen Geoobjekte an die OBUs wesentlich vereinfacht. Bei lokalen Änderungen brauchen in der Zentrale und/oder den zuständigen Baken jeweils nur die lokalen Ortsdatensätze aktualisiert zu werden.
  • OBUs der Erfindung sind im Vergleich zu bekannten "thick client"-OBUs wesentlich einfacher und kostengünstiger aufgebaut, da sie nur geringen Speicher zur Aufnahme der lokalen Mautkarten ihres Aufenthaltsgebiets benötigen.
  • Auch der zur Verteilung und Aktualisierung der Mautkarten erforderliche Datenverkehr ist wesentlich reduziert, was Bandbreite spart. Überdies ist hiefür kein Mobilfunknetz erforderlich, was dem Benutzer beträchtliche Mobilfunkgebühren erspart.
  • Schließlich gestaltet sich auch die Straßeninfrastruktur wesentlich einfacher als bei den bekannten infrastrukturgebundenen Systemen: Da sich die OBUs selbst lokalisieren, ist die Lokalisierungsgenauigkeit nicht mehr von den Orten und der Dichte der Baken abhängig, so daß wesentlich weniger Baken erforderlich sind. Die Baken brauchen auch nicht mehr - wie bei den bekannten DSRC-Systemen - Richtstrahlcharakteristik haben, um passierende OBUs möglichst genau zu lokalisieren, sondern können mit einer Rundstrahlcharakteristik ausgestattet sein und sogar OBUs in größerer Entfernung, z.B. 1 bis 2 km, servicieren.
  • Nicht zuletzt kann eine Bake damit nicht nur für ein, sondern für viele mautpflichtige Geoobjekte in ihrer Umgebung zuständig sein, wodurch mit einer sehr geringen Anzahl von Baken das Auslangen gefunden werden kann.
The invention is based on a novel use of self-locating OBUs as part of an infrastructure-linked toll system with radio beacons for distributing locally limited toll cards in the area, so-called location data records, to passing OBUs and for receiving toll information calculated in the OBUs based on these local cards. This achieves the following advantages:
  • By dividing the entire coverage area of the toll system into individual local sub-maps (location data records), the maintenance and provision of the location data of the geo-objects subject to tolls to the OBUs is significantly simplified. In the case of local changes, only the local location data records need to be updated in the control center and/or the responsible beacons.
  • Compared to known "thick client" OBUs, the OBUs of the invention have a much simpler and more economical structure, since they only require a small amount of memory to accommodate the local toll cards for their area of residence.
  • The data traffic required to distribute and update the toll cards is also significantly reduced, which saves bandwidth. In addition, no mobile network is required for this, which saves the user considerable mobile phone charges.
  • Finally, the road infrastructure is also much simpler than in the known infrastructure-based systems: Since the OBUs localize themselves, the localization accuracy is no longer dependent on the locations and the density of the beacons, so that far fewer beacons are required. Unlike the known DSRC systems, the beacons no longer need to have a directional characteristic in order to locate passing OBUs as precisely as possible, but can be equipped with an omnidirectional characteristic and even service OBUs at greater distances, eg 1 to 2 km.
  • Last but not least, a beacon can be responsible not just for one, but for many geo-objects in its vicinity that are subject to tolls, which means that a very small number of beacons can suffice.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird demgemäß vorgesehen, daß die genannte lokale Umgebung einer Bake größer ist als ihr Sendeempfangsbereich, daß in Schritt a) auch der Ortsdatensatz einer benachbarten Bake in dieser Bake bereitgestellt wird, und daß in den Schritten c) und d) auch der benachbarte Ortsdatensatz empfangen und mit der Positionsdatenfolge verglichen wird. Die OBUs erhalten auf diese Weise auf ihrem Weg - wenn sie in den Sendeempfangsbereich einer Bake kommen - aktuelle Ortsdatensätze für ihr Aufenthaltsgebiet, können die zuletzt aufgezeichnete Positionsdatenfolge auf Grundlage dieser Ortsdatensätze zu Mautinformationen verarbeiten, und liefern die so erzeugten Mautinformationen bei einer Bake auf ihrem Weg ab.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it is accordingly provided that said local environment of a beacon is larger than its transmission reception range, that in step a) the location data record of a neighboring beacon is also provided in this beacon, and that in steps c) and d ) the neighboring location data set is also received and compared with the position data sequence. In this way, the OBUs receive current location data records for their area of residence on their way - if they come into the transmission reception range of a beacon - can process the last recorded position data sequence based on these location data records into toll information and deliver the toll information generated in this way to a beacon on their way away.

Für die grundlegenden Funktionen des erfindungsgemäßen Systems ist es ausreichend, wenn sich OBUs auf beliebige in der Technik bekannte Art und Weise selbst lokalisieren, beispielsweise mittels Funkpeilung in einem Mobilfunknetz usw. Bevorzugt werden die Positionsdaten aber mit einem Satellitennavigationsempfänger des Fahrzeuggeräts ermittelt und aufgezeichnet, wie dies bei "thick client"-OBUs für GNSS/CN-Mautsysteme praktisch erprobt ist.For the basic functions of the system according to the invention, it is sufficient if OBUs locate themselves in any manner known in the art, for example by means of radio direction finding in a mobile network, etc. However, the position data is preferably determined and recorded with a satellite navigation receiver of the vehicle device, such as this has been practically tested with "thick client" OBUs for GNSS/CN toll systems.

Auch die Kurzreichweiten-Funkkommunikation zwischen den Fahrzeuggeräten und Baken kann nach jedem in der Technik bekannten Kurzreichweitenfunkstandard erfolgen, bevorzugt jedoch nach dem DSRC (dedicated short range communication), WAVE (wireless access for vehicle environments) oder WLAN (wireless local area network) -Standard, was die Verwendung bestehender Infrastrukturen ermöglicht.The short-range radio communication between the vehicle devices and beacons can also take place according to any short-range radio standard known in the art, but preferably according to the DSRC (dedicated short-range communication), WAVE (wireless access for vehicle environments) or WLAN (wireless local area network) standard , which allows the use of existing infrastructures.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Ortsdatensatz zusätzlich Gebühreninformationen enthält, welche in die Erzeugung der Mautinformationen eingehen. Dadurch können z.B. individuelle Mautgebühren für einzelne mautpflichtige Geoobjekte oder spezielle OBUs oder OBU-Einstellungen vorgegeben werden.It is particularly advantageous if the location data record also contains fee information, which is included in the generation of the toll information. This allows, for example, individual tolls to be specified for individual geo-objects subject to tolls or special OBUs or OBU settings.

Bevorzugt kann der Ortsdatensatz auch Prüfmechanismen wie Prüfsummen, Hash-Funktionen od.dgl. umfassen, mit denen seine Aktualität, Gültigkeit und/oder Vollständigkeit verifizierbar ist.The location data record can preferably also have checking mechanisms such as checksums, hash functions or the like. include, with which its topicality, validity and/or completeness can be verified.

Die erzeugten Mautinformationen sind bevorzugt ortsanonymisiert, um Datenschutz zu gewährleisten.The generated toll information is preferably location-anonymized to ensure data protection.

Die Speicher des Fahrzeuggeräts sind bevorzugt Ringspeicher, welche jeweils nur die zuletzt aufgezeichnete(n) Positionsdatenfolge(n) bzw. den oder die zuletzt empfangenen Ortsdatensätze aufnehmen, wodurch Speicherplatz gespart und das Fahrzeuggerät entsprechend kostengünstiger ausgeführt werden kann.The memories of the vehicle device are preferably ring memories, which only record the last recorded position data sequence(s) or the last received location data set(s), which saves storage space and Vehicle device can be performed correspondingly cheaper.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in den beigeschlossenen Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigt

  • Fig. 1 eine ausschnittsweise und schematische Draufsicht eines Straßenmautsystems, welches nach dem Verfahren der Erfindung arbeitet und Fahrzeuggeräte und Baken umfaßt;
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild eines Fahrzeuggeräts; und
  • Fig. 3 ein Sequenzdiagramm des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings shows
  • 1 a fragmentary and schematic plan view of a road toll system, which operates according to the method of the invention and includes vehicle devices and beacons;
  • 2 a block diagram of a vehicle device; and
  • 3 a sequence diagram of the method according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 ist ausschnittsweise ein Straßenmautsystem 1 mit einer Mautzentrale (central system, CS) 2 und einer Vielzahl daran über Verbindungen 2' angeschlossener, geographisch verteilter Kurzreichweiten-Funkbaken (kurz "Baken") 3 gezeigt. Die Baken 3, von denen hier stellvertretend drei Baken RSE1, RSE2, RSE3 (allgemein RSEi) gezeigt sind, haben jeweils einen lokal begrenzten Sendeempfangsbereich S1, S2, S3 (allgemein Si), innerhalb dessen sie mit Fahrzeuggeräten bzw. OBUs 4 kommunizieren können. Zu diesem Zweck sind die OBUs 4 mit entsprechenden Kurzreichweiten-Sendeempfängern 5 (Fig. 2) zur Funkkommunikation mit den Baken 3 ausgestattet. Die Kurzreichweis ten-Funkkommunikation zwischen den Baken 3 und den OBUs 4 erfolgt bevorzugt nach dem DSRC-, WAVE- oder WLAN-Standard.In 1 shows a section of a road toll system 1 with a toll center (central system, CS) 2 and a multiplicity of geographically distributed short-range radio beacons (“beacons” for short) 3 connected thereto via connections 2′. The beacons 3, of which three beacons RSE 1 , RSE 2 , RSE 3 (generally RSE i ) are shown here as representative, each have a locally limited transmit/receive area S 1 , S 2 , S 3 (generally S i ), within which they Vehicle devices or OBUs 4 can communicate. For this purpose, the OBUs 4 are equipped with corresponding short-range transceivers 5 ( 2 ) equipped for radio communication with the beacons 3. The short-range radio communication between the beacons 3 and the OBUs 4 preferably takes place according to the DSRC, WAVE or WLAN standard.

Die OBUs 4 werden von Fahrzeugen 6 mitgeführt, welche sich auf Verkehrsflächen 7, z.B. Straßen, Autobahnen, Parkplätzen, Parkhäusern usw., des Abdeckungsgebiets 8 des Straßenmautsystems 1 bewegen.The OBUs 4 are carried along by vehicles 6 which are moving on traffic areas 7, e.g.

Das Abdeckungsgebiet 8 des Straßenmautsystems 1 ist in eine Vielzahl aneinandergrenzender lokaler Umgebungen U0, U1, U2, U3, U4 (allgemein Uj) aufgeteilt, denen jeweils eine der Baken 3 zugeteilt ist. Die lokale Umgebung Ui einer Bake 3 ist bevorzugt größer als ihr Sendeempfangsbereich Si. Geographische Objekte Oij im Abdeckungsgebiet 8 des Straßenmautsystems 1, deren Ortsbenützung durch ein Fahrzeug 6, genauer dessen OBU 4, vergebührt ("vermautet") werden soll, sog. mautpflichtige Geoobjekte, verteilen sich dementsprechend auf die lokalen Umgebungen Ui. Jede Bake 3 ist damit für die Vermautung der Geoobjekte Oij in ihrer Umgebung Ui zuständig.The coverage area 8 of the road toll system 1 is divided into a large number of adjacent local areas U 0 , U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , U 4 (generally U j ), each of which has one of the beacons 3 assigned to it. The local environment U i of a beacon 3 is preferably larger than its transmission reception range S i . Geographical objects O ij in the coverage area 8 of the road toll system 1, the use of which by a vehicle 6, more precisely its OBU 4, is to be charged ("tolled"), so-called geo objects subject to tolls, are distributed accordingly over the local surroundings U i . Each beacon 3 is thus responsible for charging the geo-objects O ij in their environment U i .

Die mautpflichtigen Geoobjekte Oij können beliebiger Art sein. In Fig. 1 sind einige Beispiele gezeigt, wie Straßenabschnitte O11, O12 und O21, deren Befahren vermautet werden soll, ein Parkplatz O23, dessen Benützungszeit vergebührt werden soll, und ein Schranken O22, dessen Passieren mautpflichtig ist.The toll geoobjects O ij can be of any type. In 1 some examples are shown, such as road sections O 11 , O 12 and O 21 , the use of which should be subject to a toll, a parking lot O 23 , the time of use of which should be charged for, and a barrier O 22 , the passage of which is subject to a toll.

Wie in Fig. 2 im Detail gezeigt, ist jede OBU 4 mit einer Einrichtung 9 zu ihrer autarken Positionsbestimmung ausgestattet. Die Einrichtung 9 ist bevorzugt ein Satellitennavigationsempfänger, z.B. GPS-Empfänger, welcher fortlaufend seine Position in einem globalen Satellitennavigationssystem ermittelt und daraus eine Abfolge ("track") t von Positionsdaten ("position fixes") p1, p2, ... erzeugt, die in einem ersten Speicher 10 der OBU 4 aufgezeichnet wird. Der Speicher 10 ist bevorzugt ein Ringspeicher, der jeweils nur die zuletzt ermittelten Positionsdaten pi enthält.As in 2 shown in detail, each OBU 4 is equipped with a device 9 for autonomous position determination. The device 9 is preferably a satellite navigation receiver, for example a GPS receiver, which continuously determines its position in a global satellite navigation system and uses it to generate a sequence ("track") t of position data ("position fixes") p 1 , p 2 , , which is recorded in a first memory 10 of the OBU 4. The memory 10 is preferably a ring memory, which contains only the most recently determined position data p i .

Zurückkehrend auf Fig. 1 stellt jede Bake 3 in einem lokalen Speicher 11 die Ortsdaten der Geoobjekte Oij ihrer Umgebung Ui als ein Ortsdatensatz mi für passierende OBUs 4 bereit. Der Ortsdatensatz mi wird lokal in die Bake 3 eingepflegt oder zentral von der Mautzentrale 2 über die Verbindungen 2' an die Baken 3 verteilt. Bevorzugt enthält jede Bake 3 zusätzlich zu ihrem eigenen Ortsdatensatz mi auch die Ortsdatensätze einer oder mehrerer angrenzender Umgebungen Ui, wie hier z.B. die Bake RSE2 für die Ortsdatensätze m1 und m3 der benachbarten Umgebungen U1 und U3.returning on 1 each beacon 3 provides the location data of the geo-objects O ij in their environment U i in a local memory 11 as a location data set m i for passing OBUs 4 . The location data record m i is entered locally into the beacon 3 or distributed centrally from the toll center 2 to the beacons 3 via the connections 2'. In addition to its own location data set m i , each beacon 3 preferably also contains the location data sets of one or more adjacent surroundings U i , such as the beacon RSE 2 for the location data sets m 1 and m 3 of the neighboring surroundings U 1 and U 3 .

Wenn eine OBU 4 in den Sendeempfangsbereich Si einer Bake 3 gelangt, sendet die Bake 3 die in ihrem Speicher 11 bereitgestellten Ortsdatensätze mi an die OBU 4, welche diese über ihren Sendeempfänger 5 empfängt und in einem zweiten Speicher 12 speichert. Auch der zweite Speicher 12 ist bevorzugt ein Ringspeicher, welcher nur die zuletzt empfangenen Ortsdatensätze mi aufnimmt.When an OBU 4 enters the transmission/reception range S i of a beacon 3, the beacon 3 sends the location data records m i provided in its memory 11 to the OBU 4, which receives them via its transceiver 5 and stores them in a second memory 12. The second memory 12 is also preferably a ring memory, which only accepts the most recently received location data records m i .

Die OBU 4 vergleicht daraufhin die im Speicher 10 aufgezeichnete Positionsdatenfolge t mit den empfangenen Ortsdatensätzen mi im Speicher 12 auf geographische Ähnlichkeit bzw. Zuordenbarkeit ("map maching", Block 14), um daraus Mautinformationen tc ("toll charge") zu erzeugen.The OBU 4 then compares the position data sequence t recorded in the memory 10 with the received location data records mi in the memory 12 for geographical similarity or assignability ("map maching ", block 14) in order to generate toll information tc ("toll charge") therefrom.

Die in der OBU 4 erzeugten Mautinformationen tc werden über den Sendeempfänger 5 an eine Bake 3 abgesetzt, und zwar entweder an dieselbe Bake 3, wenn sich die OBU 4 noch in deren Sendeempfangsbereich Si befindet, oder zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt an eine nächste Bake 3, in deren Sendeempfangsbereich Si die OBU 4 auf ihrem Weg gelangt.The toll information tc generated in the OBU 4 is sent via the transceiver 5 to a beacon 3, either to the same beacon 3 if the OBU 4 is still in its transmission reception area S i , or to a next beacon 3 at a later point in time , in whose transmission reception area S i the OBU 4 arrives on its way.

Bei dem "map matching"-Vergleich 14 werden bevorzugt auch Gebühreninformationen berücksichtigt, welche gemeinsam mit den Ortsdatensätzen mi von den Baken 3 empfangen wurden, z.B. geoobjekt- und/oder OBU-spezifische oder OBU-Einstellungsspezifische Mautgebühren.The "map matching" comparison 14 preferably also takes into account fee information which was received together with the location data records m i from the beacons 3, eg geo-object and/or OBU-specific or OBU setting-specific tolls.

Fig. 3 zeigt den Ablauf des Verfahrens noch einmal im Detail. In einem ersten Schritt a) werden in den Baken 3 ein oder mehrere Sätze mi mit Ortsdaten mautpflichtiger Geoobjekte Oij der jeweiligen Umgebung Ui einer Bake 3 bereitgestellt, beispielsweise durch Empfangen von der Mautzentrale 2 über die Verbindungen 2'. 3 shows the process flow in detail. In a first step a), one or more sets m i with location data of toll geoobjects O ij of the respective environment U i of a beacon 3 are provided in the beacons 3, for example by receiving from the toll center 2 via the connections 2'.

In einem Schritt b) zeichnet eine OBU 4 eine erste Folge t1 von Positionsdaten {p1, p2, p3, ...} in ihrem Speicher 10 auf. Sobald die OBU 4 in den Sendeempfangsbereich S1 einer ersten Bake 3, hier RSE1, gelangt, empfängt sie von dieser - nach entsprechendem Handshake ("connect") - in einem Schritt c) den Ortsdatensatz m1 der Bake RSE1 und - optional - die Ortsdatensätze m0, m2 der benachbarten Umgebungen U0, U2.In a step b), an OBU 4 records a first sequence t 1 of position data {p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , . . . } in its memory 10 . As soon as the OBU 4 enters the transmit/receive area S1 of a first beacon 3, here RSE 1 , receives it from this - after a corresponding handshake ("connect") - in a step c) the location data record m 1 of the beacon RSE 1 and - optionally - the location data records m 0 , m 2 of the neighboring surroundings U 0 , U 2 .

In einem anschließenden Schritt d) führt die OBU 4 einen Vergleich zwischen der aufgezeichneten Positionsdatenfolge t1 und dem bzw. den empfangenen Ortsdatensätzen m0, m1, m2 durch ("map matching"-Block 14), gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung von geoobjekt- und/oder OBU-(Einstellungs)-spezifischen Gebühreninformationen, die zusammen mit den Ortsdatensätzen mi empfangen wurden, und erzeugt daraus Mautinformationen tc1. Die Mautinformationen tc1 werden in einem darauffolgenden Schritt e) über den Sendeempfänger 5 der OBU 4 und über die nächstverfügbare Bake 3, hier noch die Bake RSE1, an die Mautzentrale 2 abgesetzt.In a subsequent step d), the OBU 4 carries out a comparison between the recorded position data sequence t 1 and the received location data record(s) m 0 , m 1 , m 2 (“map matching” block 14), possibly taking into account geo-object and/or OBU (setting) specific charge information received together with the location data records mi, and generates toll information tc 1 therefrom. In a subsequent step e), the toll information tc 1 is sent to the toll center 2 via the transceiver 5 of the OBU 4 and via the next available beacon 3, here the beacon RSE 1 .

Nach Erzeugung der ersten Mautinformationen tc1 kann der Ringspeicher 10 gelöscht und mit der Aufzeichnung der Positionsdaten p1 neu begonnen werden, um eine nächste Positionsdatenfolge t2 {p1,p2,...) aufzuzeichnen.After the first toll information tc 1 has been generated, the ring memory 10 can be erased and the recording of the position data p 1 can be restarted in order to record a next position data sequence t 2 (p 1 , p 2 ,...).

Sobald die OBU 4 dann in den Sendeempfangsbereich S2 einer nächsten Bake 3, hier RSE2, auf ihrem Weg gelangt, werden wieder die Schritte c) und d) durchgeführt. Wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt, können die erzeugten zweiten Mautinformationen tc2 über eine der nächsten Baken 3 auf dem Weg, hier die Bake RSE3, an die Mautzentrale 2 abgesetzt werden, z.B. wenn der Sendeempfangsbereich S2 der zweiten Bake RSE2 während des Schritts d) bereits verlassen wurde.As soon as the OBU 4 then enters the transmit/receive area S 2 of a next beacon 3, here RSE 2 , on its way, steps c) and d) are carried out again. As in 3 shown, the generated second toll information tc 2 can be sent via one of the next beacons 3 on the way, here the beacon RSE 3 , to the toll center 2, for example if the transceiver range S 2 of the second beacon RSE 2 has already left during step d). became.

Die Ortsdatensätze mi der Baken 3 können auch (stationären oder mobilen) Überwachungsgeräten 15 des Straßenmautsystems 1 zur Verfügung gestellt werden, u.zw. bevorzugt durch direktes Senden von den Baken 3 über die genannte Kurzreichweiten-Funkkommunikation. Die Überwachungsgeräte 15 sind in herkömmlicher Art und Weise befähigt, die Bewegungen von Fahrzeugen 6 mit Fahrzeuggeräten 4 in ihrer Nähe zu detektieren bzw. zu erfassen, beispielsweise mittels Foto- oder Videoüberwachung, Lichtschranken, Radar- oder Laserscannern usw. Die Überwachungsgeräte 15 überprüfen auf Grundlage des bzw. der Ortsdatensätze mi einer Bake 3 und der detektierten Fahrzeugbewegungen in der Umgebung Ui der Bake 3 die von den Fahrzeuggeräten 4 erzeugten Mautinformationen tci und können so im Falle einer Divergenz, z.B. einer Fehlfunktion oder eines Mautvergehens, weitere Maßnahmen veranlassen, beispielsweise eine Foto- oder Videoaufnahme des Fahrzeugs 6 und/oder eine Registrierung und Speicherung von Daten des Fahrzeuggeräts 4.The location data records m i of the beacons 3 can also (stationary or mobile) monitoring devices 15 of the road toll system 1 be made available, u.zw. preferably by direct transmission from the beacons 3 via said short-range radio communication. The monitoring devices 15 are able in a conventional manner to detect or record the movements of vehicles 6 with vehicle devices 4 in their vicinity, for example by means of photo or video surveillance, light barriers, radar or laser scanners, etc. The monitoring devices 15 check on the basis of of the location data records m i of a beacon 3 and the detected vehicle movements in the area U i of the beacon 3 the toll information tc i generated by the vehicle devices 4 and can thus initiate further measures in the event of a divergence, e.g. a malfunction or a toll offence, for example a photo or video recording of the vehicle 6 and/or a registration and storage of data from the vehicle device 4.

Wenn das Mautsystem 1 auch "thin client"-OBUs umfaßt, welche ihre Positionsdatenfolgen ti direkt an eine Bake 3 senden, damit diese daraus anhand ihrer Ortsdatensätze mi die Mautinformationen tci erzeugt, könnten die Überwachungsgeräte 15 auch dazu eingesetzt werden, auf Grundlage der von einer Bake empfangenen Ortsdatensätze mi und der detektierten Bewegungen der OBUs in der lokalen Umgebung Ui einer Bake die von dieser Bake 3 erzeugten Mautinformationen tci zu überprüfen.If the toll system 1 also includes "thin client" OBUs, which send their position data sequences t i directly to a beacon 3 so that it generates the toll information tc i from it using their location data records m i , the monitoring devices 15 could also be used on the basis of the location data records m i received from a beacon and the detected movements of the OBUs in the local environment U i of a beacon to check the toll information tc i generated by this beacon 3 .

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsformen beschränkt, sondern umfaßt alle Varianten und Modifikationen, die in den Rahmen der angeschlossenen Ansprüche fallen.The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but includes all variants and modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for generating toll information (tci) from movements of vehicle devices (4) in a road-toll system (1) that comprises at least one toll centre (2) and a plurality of connected, geographically distributed beacons (3) for short-range radio communication with the vehicle devices (4), the method comprising:
    a) providing a set (mi) of location data of toll-requiring geo-objects (oij) from a local environment (Ui) of a beacon (3) in this beacon (3), a
    b) recording a sequence (ti) of position data (pi) of a vehicle device (4) in this vehicle device (4),
    c) when said vehicle device (4) is in the transmitting/receiving range (Si) of a beacon (3): receiving the location-data set (mi) from this beacon (3) in the vehicle device (4),
    d) comparing the position-data sequence (ti) with the received location-data set (mi) in the vehicle device (4) to generate toll information (tci) therefrom, and
    e) when said vehicle device (4) is in the transmitting/receiving range (Si) of a beacon (3): transmitting the toll information (tci) from the vehicle device (4) via the beacon (3) to the toll centre (2).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that said local environment (Ui) of a beacon (3) is larger than its transmitting/receiving range (Si), in step a) also the location-data set (mi) of an adjacent beacon (3) is provided in said beacon (3), and in steps c) and d) also the adjacent location-data set (mi) is received and compared with the position-data sequence (ti) .
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the position data (pi) is acquired and recorded with a satellite-navigation receiver (9) of the vehicle device (4).
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the short-range radio communication between the vehicle device (4) and the beacon (3) takes place according to the DSRC, WAVE or WLAN standard.
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the location-data set (mi) further includes fee information utilised for generation of the toll information (tci) .
  6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the location-data set (mi) further includes checksums or hash functions or the like with which its currentness, validity or completeness is verifiable.
  7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the generated toll information (tci) is location-anonymised.
EP09450219.2A 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system Active EP2325807B2 (en)

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PL11008288T PL2407935T3 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Control device for a road toll system
PT110082880T PT2407935E (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Control device for a road toll system
EP09450219.2A EP2325807B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system
EP11008288A EP2407935B1 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Control device for a road toll system
PL09450219T PL2325807T3 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system
AT09450219T ATE546803T1 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING TOLL INFORMATION IN A ROAD TOLL SYSTEM
DK09450219.2T DK2325807T3 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Method and apparatus for producing tax information in a toll system
SI200930253T SI2325807T1 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system
ES09450219T ES2382951T5 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Procedure and devices for generating toll information in a road toll system
PT09450219T PT2325807E (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Method and device for generating toll information in a road toll system
DK11008288.0T DK2407935T3 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Monitoring device for a toll system
ES11008288T ES2401375T3 (en) 2009-11-23 2009-11-23 Surveillance device for a road toll system
US12/900,928 US9269197B2 (en) 2009-11-23 2010-10-08 Method and device for generating toll information in a road-toll system

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EP2325807B1 (en) 2012-02-22
ES2382951T5 (en) 2022-08-26
DK2325807T3 (en) 2012-06-18
DK2407935T3 (en) 2013-03-25
SI2325807T1 (en) 2012-06-29
PT2407935E (en) 2013-03-11
PT2325807E (en) 2012-05-17
US9269197B2 (en) 2016-02-23
ES2401375T3 (en) 2013-04-19
PL2407935T3 (en) 2013-05-31
EP2325807A1 (en) 2011-05-25
ATE546803T1 (en) 2012-03-15
EP2407935B1 (en) 2012-12-19
US20110125558A1 (en) 2011-05-26
PL2325807T3 (en) 2012-07-31
EP2407935A1 (en) 2012-01-18
ES2382951T3 (en) 2012-06-14

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