EP2323217B1 - Antenna for multi mode mimo communication in handheld devices - Google Patents
Antenna for multi mode mimo communication in handheld devices Download PDFInfo
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- EP2323217B1 EP2323217B1 EP09175974.6A EP09175974A EP2323217B1 EP 2323217 B1 EP2323217 B1 EP 2323217B1 EP 09175974 A EP09175974 A EP 09175974A EP 2323217 B1 EP2323217 B1 EP 2323217B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2283—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles mounted in or on the surface of a semiconductor substrate as a chip-type antenna or integrated with other components into an IC package
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
- H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
- H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
- H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
Definitions
- the ground plane is rectangular, having a width (w) of 55mm and length (I) of 90mm and the substrate 104 is comprised of a 1.5 mm thick FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4, having a width (W) of 55mm and length (L) of 105mm.
- the dimension of the substrate is usually constrained by the size of the mobile device housing.
- plots of measured S parameters (S11, S21 and S22), for the dual port antennas, where S11 and S22 are reflection parameters and S21 is an isolation or coupling parameter.
- S11 and S22 are reflection parameters
- S21 is an isolation or coupling parameter.
- the dual-port antenna operates over multiple application bands, such as GSM/900/1800/1900, UMTS 2100 MHz bands, LTE 2.1/2.6 bands and WLAN 2.45/5 GHz bands, and the isolation between the two ports are better than - 13 dB across all bands from 500 MHz to 6 GHz.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
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Description
- The present invention relates to the field of communications systems, and, more particularly, to antennas for mobile wireless communications devices and related methods.
- Mobile devices are being required to support multiple applications, such as GSM, PSC, UMTS, WLAN, Wibro (Wireless broadband), and Bluetooth, and LTE, which in turn require multiple antennas, since one antenna cannot typically cover the bandwidth requirements of the multiple applications due to the physical limitations of an antenna described in "Physical Limitations of Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 8, pgs. 2116-2123, 2003. As a result, multiple antennas must now share the already limited space within the mobile device.
- Furthermore, techniques such as multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) have emerged, which significantly increase the performance of HSPA (high speed packet access) and LTE (long term evaluation) networks. This is usually accomplished by using multiple antennas arranged to have low correlation between two or more unique radio signals. In large devices, where space is less limited, this is easily accomplished by using spatial diversity (distance between antennas), or somehow by pattern diversity (difference between antenna aiming directions), and polarization diversity together. Unfortunately, the size of mobile wireless communications devices (e.g., cellular devices) continue to decrease and so too does the allowable space for the device antenna. As a result, having multiple antennas in a close proximity poses significant coupling and mode isolation problems; furthermore, the signals received by each of the antennas may be undesirably correlated. This noticeably disrupts MIMO performance.
- Thus it can be seen that designers of antennas for mobile devices face significant challenges, particularly wherein the antennas may be capable of covering as many bands as possible while being small in size and still having a high performance.
- One form of antenna commonly used in mobile devices is the monopole antenna. Compared to PIFA or IFA, a monopole can easier achieve large bandwidth because they may be arranged to radiate at two or more resonant frequencies (from its fundamental mode, second order and higher modes) Since a monopoles inherent dual mode characteristic makes it easy to achieve a frequency ratio of two-to-one of its upper and lower frequency band.
-
JP2005210523 -
JP2002158529 - However using a single radiator for multi-order modes poses a difficulty, particularly if specific frequency bands are to be adjusted independently. Additionally, in a single radiator if one of the operating bands is required to be relatively wide the monopole may not cover all bands, such as GSM 900 (880 to 960 MHz) at a lower band and GSM1880/1900 and UMTS2100 (1710 to 2170 MHz) together at an upper band, unless additional parasitic branches are used to enhance the bandwidth and adjust the frequency ratio. However this introduces additional volume and potential higher-mode coupling among radiation elements.
- Another disadvantage is that since a monopole is typically a quarter-wavelength of the fundamental mode, the size of the antenna is increased when it is designed to operate at lower resonant frequency bands.
- Accordingly, it is desirable to have a monopole that may be arranged in a limited space.
- Accordingly there is provided an antenna as detailed in
claim 1. Advantageous features are provided in the dependent claims. A wireless device as detailed inclaims 3 to 6 is also provided. - The present disclosure will be better understood with reference to drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a mobile wireless communications device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment including a monopole antenna; -
FIGs. 2a -e show schematic diagrams of various aspects of an implementation of a multi-band three-dimensional (3D) folded monopole antenna assembly, according to an embodiment of the present matter; -
FIG. 3 shows an unfolded two-dimensional (2D) view of the antenna ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 shows a graph of a comparison of simulated reflection coefficients for the antenna ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 5 shows a graph of reflection coefficients for the antenna ofFIG. 2 for different patch widths; -
FIG. 6 shows a graph of measured and simulated reflection coefficients for the antenna ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIGs. 7a-7d shows graphs of measured far-field radiation patterns at respective resonant frequencies of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz for the antenna ofFIG.2 ; -
FIGs. 8a -b show schematic diagrams of respective top and bottom perspective views of an antenna according to another embodiment of the present matter; -
FIGs. 9a -c show schematic diagrams of multi-port antenna configurations according to further embodiments of the present matter; -
FIG. 10 shows graphs of measured S parameters, for the two-port antenna ofFIG. 9a ; -
FIGs. 11a -b show schematic diagrams of various ground plane stub sizes for the two-port antenna ofFIG.9a ; -
FIGs. 12a -c show plots of measured S parameters, for the antenna configuration ofFIG. 11 a; -
FIGs. 13a -c show plots of measured S parameters, for the antenna configuration ofFIG. 11 b; -
FIGs. 14a -c show plots of measured S parameters, for the antenna configuration ofFIG. 11c ; and -
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of components of a hand-held mobile wireless communications device. - In the following description like numerals refer to like structures illustrated in the drawings. For clarity a set of orthogonal axes x-y-z are shown in the drawings, where appropriate, to provide a frame of reference for describing the relative arrangement of the structures in the various drawings. The terms horizontal and vertical where used are for convenience of describing structures oriented with respect to the x-y plane and the y-z plane respectively, and are not meant to be limiting.
- The present matter describes multi-band three-dimensional (3D) folded monopole antennas for use in mobile devices. More particularly the present matter describes a small compact multi-radiation element antenna that exhibits high mode isolation allowing it to cover several communication application frequency bands such as GSM 1900, UMTS2100, GPS, WALN in the 2GHz and higher range and the lower bands such as 1 GHz and wherein the operational frequency bands of antenna elements can be adjusted independently i.e. the upper bands can be adjusted independently of the lower bands. In other words the high mode isolation allows the antenna to function at different operation frequencies.
- Furthermore, the multi-radiation element antenna also exhibits high isolation between the radiation elements. In other words there are low couplings (or power transferred from one element to another) at the operation frequencies of the antenna.
- Furthermore the present matter describes a multi antenna array comprised of two or more of the multi-radiation element antennas, wherein the antennas of the array also exhibit high isolation.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 there is shown a mobilewireless communications device 100 including ahousing 102, asubstrate 104 carried within the housing, thesubstrate 104 having a ground plane (not shown) on one side thereof,wireless communications circuitry 106 carried within thehousing 102 and located over thesubstrate 104 and a multi-band foldedmonopole antenna assembly 108 coupled to thewireless communications circuitry 106. By way of example, thewireless communications circuitry 106 may comprise cellular communications circuitry, e.g., a cellular transceiver. Other wireless communications circuitry, such as wireless local area network (WLAN) and satellite positioning (e.g., GPS) communications circuitry, may also be used. - Referring to
FIGs. 2a -e there is shown various aspects of an implementation the multi-band three-dimensional (3D) foldedmonopole antenna assembly 108 according to an embodiment of the present matter. In these views it is assumed thatmajor surfaces substrate 104 lie in the x-y plane. Theantenna assembly 108 comprises a radiation part comprised of pair of monopoles formed of conductivemetallic strips 110 folded into a 3D rectangular structure and located substantially on atop surface 105 and to one corner of thesubstrate 104, as shown inFIG. 2a , afeed section 112 also located on thetop surface 105 of the substrate connects the monopoles to afeed point 114 for coupling RF signals to and from the monopoles via a 50Ω connector (not shown). Furthermore, as more clearly shown in the bottom perspective view ofFIG. 2b aground plane 116 is located on abottom surface 107 in afirst area 109 of thedielectric substrate 104. As may be further seen from the figure, the radiation part is arranged in asecond area 115 of the dielectric substrate where the ground plane is not formed. In an exemplary implementation theground plane 116 is comprised of a metallic layer of polygonal shape having one edge delineating a boundary between thefirst area 109 and thesecond area 115. In an exemplary implementation the ground plane is rectangular, having a width (w) of 55mm and length (I) of 90mm and thesubstrate 104 is comprised of a 1.5 mm thick FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4, having a width (W) of 55mm and length (L) of 105mm. The dimension of the substrate is usually constrained by the size of the mobile device housing. - The 3D geometrical configuration of the pair of folded monopoles is shown more clearly in
FIG. 2c andFIG. 2d , and an unfolded two-dimensional (2D) view is shown inFIG. 3 . The pair of folded monopoles comprise a first and second monopole antenna elements monopole-1 202 and monople-2 204 formed of conductivemetallic traces 110, extending at right angles to each other, from thefeed section 112, the first monopole monopole-1 202 for radiating at a first resonant frequency, and the second monopole monople-2 204 for radiating at a second resonant frequency higher than the first frequency, and apatch element 120 coupled to the second monopole for determining the resonant frequency of the second monopole antenna element monople-2 204. InFIGs. 2c and2d the continuousmetallic trace 110 is folded to take a generally rectangular shape and in an exemplary implementation is supported by a rectangular shapeddielectric shell 122 as shown more clearly inFIG. 2e . Thedielectric shell 122 is mounted on a surface of thesubstrate 104 opposing the surface of the ground plane, referred to as thetop surface 105 inFIG. 2a . For the purpose of the description following the faces of the dielectric are referred to as opposing top 124 and bottom 125 faces in an x-y plane, opposing first 126 and second 127 end faces in an x-z plane, and opposing first 128 and second 129 side faces in the y-z plane. It is to be noted that thebottom face 125 is formed by thesubstrate 104. - As shown in
FIG. 3 the folds of the metallic trace are made along the dashed lines, representing fold lines. In an exemplary implementation themetallic trace 113 has a uniform width of 2mm and is folded such that first monopole antenna element monopole-1 202 includes a continuous metallic trace comprised of thefeed section S0 112 extending from thefeed point 114 to a first horizontal section S1h arranged along a lower portion of thefirst end face 126 of thedielectric shell 122 to form a first L shaped section comprising S0 and S1h a first U-shaped section S2 on thefirst side face 128, a second U-shaped section including a horizontal section S3 extending along a lower portion of thesecond end face 127, a third U-shaped section S4 on thesecond side face 129 and ending in a second L-shaped section S5 on thebottom face 125. The second monopole monopole-2 204 is composed of the feed section S0, a vertical section S1v extending vertically along thefirst end face 126 and thepatch P 120 formed on thetop face 124. It may be seen that the antenna is composed of three U- shaped sections formed generally of strips S2, S3, and S4 and two L-shaped section formed of strips S1 and S5. - As the total length and layout of each monopole antenna element determines the antenna's performance, the total length may be optimized taking into account the constraints on the volume for the antenna and the desired resonant frequency. The total length controls the fundamental resonating mode of the monopole elements, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The modes at higher frequencies are generated at various portions of this length.
- The 3D wrapping of the antenna controls the current distribution along the monopole length, and thus controls the electrical length(s) for the higher resonant frequency band(s) as well as antenna bandwidth, as will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- The initial electrical length of the first and second monopoles is set to a quarter of the wavelength of respective first and second resonant frequencies for the chosen fundamental modes. In an implementation the fundamental mode is set at 1 GHz for the first monopole and 2 GHz for the second monopole. The geometric parameters may be optimized by using electromagnetic simulators such as those based on Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational electrodynamics modeling techniques, as is known in the art. An example of which is a commercially available program by CST.
- The width d of the
patch 120 varies the bandwidth and performance of the antenna. In an exemplary implementation the width d of thepatch 120 is set to 2mm, identical to the width of the other strips. The dielectric shell has dimensions of 14mm in length (I1), 7mm in width (w2) and 7.5mm in height (h). It is to be noted that the dielectric shell is mounted to the top surface of the substrate and thus the height of the dielectric shell is increased by 1.5 mm, the thickness of thesubstrate 104. The lengths of the sections of metallic strips for the first monopole are as follows: S0 = 3mm, S1h = 7mm, S2 = [s21 =4mm, s22= 2.5mm, s23 =10mm, s24 =2.5mm, s25 =4mm], S3 = 7mm, S4 = [s41=40mm, s42= 2.5mm, s43= 12m, s44= 6mm], S5= [s51=5.5mm, s52=11mm]. The lengths of the sections of metallic strips for the second monopole are as follows: S0 = 3mm, S1v = 7.5mm (the vertical section) and P=14mm. The above dimensions are for an exemplary embodiment; however, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other dimensions and/or materials may be used in different embodiments. - Referring to
FIG. 4 there is shown a comparison of simulated reflection coefficients for the antenna, having dimensions as above, when monopole-1 202 is excited on its own 402; monopole-2 204 is excited alone 404, and the combined reflection coefficients when monopole-1 202 and monopole-2 204 are excited simultaneously 406. As may be seen, when the two monopoles are excited at the same time, the antenna exhibits four resonant frequencies of 0.95 GHz (408), 2 GHz (410), 2.5 GHz (412) and 5.4 GHz (414). When compared to the reflection coefficients for the separately excited monopoles, the bandwidths and impedance matching at the frequencies of 0.95 GHz, 2 GHz and 5.4 GHz for the simultaneously excited monopoles are not significantly different. However at 2.5 GHz the bandwidth is significantly enhanced. Thus, it may be seen that one of the monopoles, in this case the first monopole monopole-1 202, determines the bandwidths and resonant frequencies at 0.95 GHz, 2 GHz and 5.4 GHz bands, whereas the other monopole, in this case the second monopole monopole-2 204, determines the bandwidth at the 2.5 GHz band. - Furthermore, by simulating surface current distributions (not shown) for the antenna, having dimensions as above, it was demonstrated that the first monopole monopole-1 202 operates at its fundamental mode and the total length of the first monopole monopole-1 202 is approximately a quarter wavelength. As operation frequency is increased to 2 GHz, it was verified that the first monopole monopole-1 202 operates at the second-order mode of 2 GHz. At this frequency, the electrical length of the first monopole monopole-1 202 is a half wavelength. Furthermore, as the operation frequency is increased to 5.2 GHz, multiple nil points appear for the current distributions on the first monopole monopole-1 202. Hence, the antenna works at the higher order mode and its electrical length is more than one wavelength. In the case of the second monopole monopole-2 when it is excited alone at 2 GHz the currents also flow in a continuous direction, which means that the second monopole monopole-2 operates at the fundamental mode and its length is a quarter wavelength. Finally, when the two monopoles were simultaneously excited at several frequencies the frequency bands of 1 GHz, 2 GHz and 5.5 GHz, the first monopole monopole-1 202 had strong surface currents while the second monopole monopole-2 204 exhibited weak surface currents. Accordingly, it can be inferred that the two monopoles have high-mode isolation, and that the first monopole monopole-1 202 primarily determines these resonant frequencies. However, when the antenna operates at the 2.5 GHz band, the two monopoles exhibit strong surface currents, so they both have an influence in this band.
- As mentioned earlier, the width d of the
patch 120 changes the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna. Accordingly, referring now toFIG. 5 there is shown the reflection coefficients for the pair ofmonopole antennas 108 for different patch widths d i.e. d = 2mm (502), d= 4mm (504) and d= 6mm (506). It may be seen that in the frequency range from 2.2 to 4 GHz the plots of the reflection coefficients for the different widths d show changes in the resonant frequency and bandwidth, but for frequencies below 2 GHz there is little difference in the plots except for a slight adjustment in impedance matching. This is further evidence that the monopoles have high mode-isolation. This high mode-isolation, allows the lower and the upper bands of the antenna to be easily set by changing the geometric parameters of the first and second monopoles independently. - Another characteristic shown in
FIG. 5 is that even by changing the patch width d and thereby varying a resonant frequency range, the antenna continues to be useful in a number of applicable frequency bands. In the exemplary implementation this ranges from 2 GHz to 4 GHz, which covers frequency bands applicable toGSM 1800/1900, UMTS2100, Blue-tooth 2.4 GHz, WiFi/LTE 2.6 GHz, WiMAX 3.3 to 3.8 GHz. - In applications requiring frequency agility RF-switches, such as RF-MEMS (Radio-Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical System), may be used to dynamically increase or decrease the patch P width d so that the antenna provides greater flexibility.
- Referring to
FIG. 6 there is shown a comparison of a measured 602 and simulated 604 reflection coefficient S11 for an exemplary implementation, where the patch width d is 2 mm. It may be noted that for a 6 dB return loss the frequency range for the antenna is from 880 to 1000 MHz, which is within the frequency range forGSM 900 applications. Furthermore as shown inFIG. 6 the impedance bandwidth of 10 dB return loss is from 1700 MHz to 2820 MHz, which covers multiple applications at GSM /1800/1900 and UMTS 2100, long term evolution (LTE) 2.1 and 2.6 GHz bands. - Referring, additionally to
FIGs. 7a-7d there is shown a logarithmic polar plot of measured far-field radiation patterns at resonant frequencies of 900 MHz (FIG. 7a ), 1800 MHz (FIG. 7b ), 2.5 GHz (FIG. 7c ) and 5.5 GHz (FIG. 7d ) of the exemplary implementation at the three planes of XOZ, YOZ and XOY, where the values are in units of dBi of gain. The orientation of the antenna for these measurements are the same as that ofFIGs. 2a -d As may be seen from the radiation patterns the antenna peak gain ranges from -2 dBi to - 0.5 dBi at 900 MHz band, from 1.5 to 2.9 dBi at the middle frequency bands (1.7 to 2.17 GHz) and from 4 to 6 dBi at the high frequency band (4.9 to 6 GHz). These radiation patterns are omni-directional and dipole-like at 900 MHz (FIG. 7a ), but the patterns are directive at 1800 MHz (FIG. 7b ), 2.5 GHz (FIG. 7c ) and 5.5 GHz (FIG. 7d ). Moreover, the total antenna efficiency was measured, which is defined as the ratio of the radiated power to the total power delivered to the input terminal of the antenna, i.e. the efficiency includes the impacts from mismatching loss, dielectric loss, and conductor loss. Theantenna 108 achieved an efficiency of 50-75 % from 824 MHz to 960MHz, an efficiency of 58-85% from 1.6 GHz to 2.2 GHz and an efficiency of 50-75% from 4.9 to 6 GHz. - Referring now to
FIG. 8a and 8b there is shown respective top and bottom perspective views of the 3D geometrical configuration of a multi-band 3D foldedmonopole antenna 808 according to another embodiment of the present matter. As described earlier with respect to theantenna 108 shown inFIGs. 2 , theantenna 808 is also located at a top of a PCB, having a feed point and feed section similar toantenna 108. The antenna is positioned on the PCB and formed, in an exemplary embodiment, on adielectric body 128 in a manner as previously described. - The
antenna 808 also comprises two monopole antenna elements, 810 and 812 formed on the dielectric shell illustrated inFIG 2e . In the embodiment illustrated, thefirst monopole 810 is composed of a first folded monopole comprising a continuous metallic trace of uniform width comprising a feed section S0' extending from thefeed point 114 to a vertical section and two roughly U-shaped sections S1', S2' formed on a first side face of the dielectric body. The U-shaped sections S1', S2' form a loop back to the feed section S0'. Asecond monopole 812 is composed of the feed section S0', a section S4' extending vertically along the first end face, the top face, the second end face opposite the first end face of the dielectric body and ending in a patch P' formed on the bottom face of the substrate under the dielectric body. An L-shaped section S5' extends from the second end face section of the second monopole and is formed on the second side face opposite the first side face of the dielectric body. Also as described with theantenna 108 earlier, the patch P' in this embodiment is also spaced at distance h (the height of the dielectric body) from the first monopole. In this embodiment however one of the L-shaped sections (as described with respect to the embodiment ofFIG. 2 ) is formed with the second monopole. The antenna response and performance are similar to theantenna 108 described earlier. - It may be seen from the above that there is described herein a compact 3D folded multi-band high mode-isolation, monopole antenna for handheld devices. The antenna has a simple structure and a small size combined with high-efficiency. As shown in the exemplary implementations, in addition to the two bands at 900 MHz and 5.5 GHz, the exemplary antennas provide a number of resonant frequencies within a desirable bandwidth in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 4 GHz by adjusting the patch width. This is useful when finalizing antenna designs because antenna adjustments are generally required at a late stage of product development. Typically large adjustments in the antennas dimensions are not feasible since the antenna's overall size has been fixed at the production stage.
- Furthermore the antenna of the present matter can be easily adapted for used in mobile devices for reception of two or more unique radio signals, which require relatively low correlation between each of the received signals.
- Accordingly, referring now to
FIG. 9a there is shown two-port antenna configurations 900, as an example of a multi-port antenna, using a pair of foldedmonopole antennas 108 of the present matter. For simplicity and illustrative purposes the configuration of the antenna inFIG. 9a is shown with the ground plane and antenna elements and without the substrate and dielectric. Theantenna arrangement 900 includes arectangular ground plane 901 as described earlier and a first 3D foldedmonopole antenna 902 and second 3D foldedmonopole antenna 904. The antennas are spaced apart and oriented 90 degrees with respect to each other in thesecond area 107 of the dielectric substrate where theground plane 901 is not formed. A feed point 906 (port1) of thefirst antenna 902 is at oneedge 905 of theground plane 901 and a feed point 908 (port2) of thesecond antenna 904 is at a section of theground plane 901, which includes a section of metal that extends the ground plane, herein referred to as astub 903. In the illustrated implementation thestub 903 extends from theedge 905 of the ground plane into thesecond area 107 and between the spaced apart antennas to end in proximity to thefeed point 908 of thesecond antenna 904. In An exemplary implementation thestub 903 has a length of 17mm and a width of 10mm. - In
FIG. 9b , there is shown the two-port configuration comprised ofantennas 808 and inFIG 9c there is shown the two-port configuration comprised ofantennas - Referring to
FIG. 10 there is shown plots of measured S parameters (S11, S21 and S22), for the dual port antennas, where S11 and S22 are reflection parameters and S21 is an isolation or coupling parameter. It can be seen that the dual-port antenna operates over multiple application bands, such as GSM/900/1800/1900, UMTS 2100 MHz bands, LTE 2.1/2.6 bands and WLAN 2.45/5 GHz bands, and the isolation between the two ports are better than - 13 dB across all bands from 500 MHz to 6 GHz. - The isolation may be attributed to the two antennas having well implemented antenna diversities such as spatial, polarization and pattern diversity. Thus it may be seen that the diversity techniques applied to the pair of antennas result in high isolation (low coupling) between the two ports. For example, whereas the two monopole antenna elements of each antenna are arranged vertically with respect to each other for polarization and pattern diversities, each of the dual antennas are separated for spatial diversity.
- Varying a size and arrangement of stub sections, such as
stub section 903, may change the response of the two-port antenna arrangement shown inFIGs. 9a -c. Referring toFIGs. 11a -b there is shown various stub sizes and arrangements for the two-port antenna 900. For example, as shown inFIG. 11a , asection 1102 is added along theedge 905 of theground plane 901, to extend the ground plane under thesecond antenna 904. In an exemplary embodiment thesection 1102 has a width of 5 mm and length of 17mm andFIGs. 12a -c shown corresponding plots of measured S parameters (S11, S21 and S22, respectively), for the dual port antennas. - Similarly,
FIG. 11b shows afurther section 1104 added alongside one edge of thesection 903 to extend theground plane 901 between theantennas section 1104 has a width of 10 mm and length of 17mm andFIGs. 13a -c show corresponding plots of measured S parameters (S11, S21 and S22, respectively). - Still further, in
FIG. 11c there is shown asection 1106 added alongside thesection 1104 to extend theground plane 901 further between theantennas section 1106 has a width of 10 mm and length of 17mm, adding a width of 20 mm to thesection 903 andFIGs. 14a -c show corresponding plots of measured S parameters (S11, S21 and S22, respectively). - It may be seen from the S parameter plots in
FIGs. 12-14 that the size of the stub, such asstub 903 affects the operating frequency and isolation of theantennas - Exemplary components of a hand-held mobile
wireless communications device 2200 in which one or more of the above-described foldedmonopole antennas 108 may be used are now described with reference toFIG. 15 . - The mobile device of
FIG. 15 is not meant to be limiting, but merely provides an example of a mobile device that could be used in association with the present method and apparatus. -
Mobile device 2200 is preferably a two-way wireless communication device having at least voice and data communication capabilities.Mobile device 2200 preferably has the capability to communicate with other computer systems on the Internet. Depending on the exact functionality provided, the mobile device may be referred to as a data messaging device, a two-way pager, a wireless e-mail device, a cellular telephone with data messaging capabilities, a wireless Internet appliance, or a data communication device, as examples. - Where
mobile device 2200 is enabled for two-way communication, it will incorporate acommunication subsystem 2211, including areceiver 2212 and atransmitter 2214, as well as associated components such as one or more, preferably embedded or internal,antenna elements communication subsystem 2211 will be dependent upon the communication network in which the device is intended to operate. - Network access requirements will also vary depending upon the type of
network 2219. A GSM/UMTS device typically has a subscriber identity module (SIM) in order to get full service from the network. A cdma2000 device typically has such access credentials stored in it non-volatile memory or may use a removable user identity module (RUIM) in order to operate on a CDMA network. The SIM/RUIM interface 2244 is normally similar to a card-slot into which a SIM/RUIM card can be inserted and ejected like a diskette or PCMCIA card. The SIM/RUIM card can have approximately 64K of memory and hold manykey configurations 2251, andother information 2253 such as identification, and subscriber related information. - When required network registration or activation procedures have been completed,
mobile device 2200 may send and receive communication signals over thenetwork 2219. As illustrated inFIG. 15 ,network 2219 can consist of multiple base stations communicating with the mobile device. - Signals received by
antenna 2216 throughcommunication network 2219 are input toreceiver 2212, which may perform such common receiver functions as signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection and the like, and in the example system shown inFIG. 15 , analog to digital (A/D) conversion. A/D conversion of a received signal allows more complex communication functions such as demodulation and decoding to be performed in theDSP 2220. In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted are processed, including modulation and encoding for example, by theDSP 2220 and input totransmitter 2214 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission over thecommunication network 2219 viaantenna 2218. TheDSP 2220 not only processes communication signals, but also provides for receiver and transmitter control. For example, the gains applied to communication signals inreceiver 2212 andtransmitter 2214 may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in theDSP 2220. -
Mobile device 2200 preferably includes amicroprocessor 2238 which controls the overall operation of the device. Communication functions, including at least data and voice communications, are performed throughcommunication subsystem 2211.Microprocessor 2238 also interacts with further device subsystems such as thedisplay 2222,flash memory 2224, random access memory (RAM) 2226, auxiliary input/output (I/O) subsystems 2228,serial port 2230, two or more keyboards orkeypads 2232,speaker 2234,microphone 2236,other communication subsystem 2240 such as a short-range communications subsystem and any other device subsystems generally designated as 2242Serial port 2230 could include a USB port or other port known to those in the art. - Some of the subsystems shown in
FIG. 15 perform communication-related functions, whereas other subsystems may provide "resident" or on-device functions. Notably, some subsystems, such askeyboard 2232 anddisplay 2222, for example, may be used for both communication-related functions, such as entering a text message for transmission over a communication network, and device-resident functions such as a calculator or task list. - Operating system software used by the
microprocessor 2238 is preferably stored in a persistent store such asflash memory 2224, which may instead be a read-only memory (ROM) or similar storage element (not shown). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the operating system, specific device applications, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile memory such asRAM 2226. Received communication signals may also be stored inRAM 2226. - As shown,
flash memory 2224 can be segregated into different areas for bothcomputer programs 2258 andprogram data storage flash memory 2224 for their own data storage requirements.Microprocessor 2238, in addition to its operating system functions, preferably enables execution of software applications on the mobile device. A predetermined set of applications that control basic operations, including at least data and voice communication applications for example, will normally be installed onmobile device 2200 during manufacturing. Other applications could be installed subsequently or dynamically. - A preferred software application may be a personal information manager (PIM) application having the ability to organize and manage data items relating to the user of the mobile device such as, but not limited to, e-mail, calendar events, voice mails, appointments, and task items. Naturally, one or more memory stores would be available on the mobile device to facilitate storage of PIM data items. Such PIM application would preferably have the ability to send and receive data items, via the
wireless network 2219. In a preferred embodiment, the PIM data items are seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated, via thewireless network 2219, with the mobile device user's corresponding data items stored or associated with a host computer system. Further applications may also be loaded onto themobile device 2200 through thenetwork 2219, an auxiliary I/O subsystem 2228,serial port 2230, short-range communications subsystem 2240 or any othersuitable subsystem 2242, and installed by a user in theRAM 2226 or preferably a non-volatile store (not shown) for execution by themicroprocessor 2238. Such flexibility in application installation increases the functionality of the device and may provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-related functions, or both. For example, secure communication applications may enable electronic commerce functions and other such financial transactions to be performed using themobile device 2200. - In a data communication mode, a received signal such as a text message or web page download will be processed by the
communication subsystem 2211 and input to themicroprocessor 2238, which preferably further processes the received signal for output to thedisplay 2222, or alternatively to an auxiliary I/O device 2228. - A user of
mobile device 2200 may also compose data items such as email messages for example, using thekeyboard 2232, which is preferably a complete alphanumeric keyboard or telephone-type keypad, in conjunction with thedisplay 2222 and possibly an auxiliary I/O device 2228. Such composed items may then be transmitted over a communication network through thecommunication subsystem 2211. - For voice communications, overall operation of
mobile device 2200 is similar, except that received signals would preferably be output to aspeaker 2234 and amicrophone 2236 would generate signals for transmission. Alternative voice or audio I/O subsystems, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented onmobile device 2200. Although voice or audio signal output is preferably accomplished primarily through thespeaker 2234,display 2222 may also be used to provide an indication of the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information for example. -
Serial port 2230 inFIG. 15 would normally be implemented in a personal digital assistant (PDA)-type mobile device for which synchronization with a user's desktop computer (not shown) may be desirable, but is an optional device component. Such aport 2230 would enable a user to set preferences through an external device or software application and would extend the capabilities ofmobile device 2200 by providing for information or software downloads tomobile device 2200 other than through a wireless communication network. The alternate download path may for example be used to load an encryption key onto the device through a direct and thus reliable and trusted connection to thereby enable secure device communication. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art,serial port 2230 can further be used to connect the mobile device to a computer to act as a modem. -
Other communications subsystems 2240, such as a short-range communications subsystem, is a further optional component which may provide for communication betweenmobile device 2200 and different systems or devices, which need not necessarily be similar devices. For example, thesubsystem 2240 may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components or a Bluetooth™ communication module to provide for communication with similarly enabled systems and devices.
Claims (6)
- A multi-band antenna (108) comprising:a dielectric substrate (104);a ground plane (116) formed on a first area (109) of the dielectric substrate (104);a radiation part arranged in a second area (115) of the dielectric substrate (104) where the ground surface is not formed,a feed section (112) formed of a metallic trace (113) and having one end connected to the radiation part and an opposite end disposed near an edge of the ground plane forming a feed point (114);the radiation part having a pair of monopole antenna elements (202, 204) formed of conductive metallic traces (113); a first monopole antenna element (202) for radiating at a first resonant frequency, and a second monopole antenna element (204) for radiating at a second resonant frequency and the conductive metallic traces being folded to form a three dimensional structure, with at least a portion of said first monopole spaced from a plane of the substrate and said second monopole;a patch element (120) coupled to said second monopole (204) and arranged in a spaced relationship to the first monopole (202), a width of said patch element (120) for determining the resonant frequency of the second monopole (204) antenna element, independently of the resonant frequency of the first monopole (202);a dielectric shell (122) defining a generally rectangular shape having opposing top (124) and bottom faces (125), opposing first (126) and second (127) end faces and opposing first (128) and second (129) side faces, the bottom face (125) of said dielectric shell positioned in said second area of said substrate and said three dimensional structure of said metallic trace (113) being formed around said dielectric shell, whereinthe metallic trace (113) has a uniform width, wherein:the first monopole antenna element (202) includes a continuous metallic trace comprised of the feed section (112) extending from the feed point (114) to a first horizontal section (S1h) arranged along a lower portion of a first end face (126) of the dielectric shell (122) to form a first L shaped section and a first U-shaped section (S2) on a first side face (128), a second U-shaped section including a horizontal section (S3) extending along a lower portion of a second end face (127), a third U-shaped section (S4) on a second side face (129) and ending in a second L-shaped section (S5) on a bottom face (125)the second monopole (204) is composed of the feed section (S0), a vertical section (S1v) extending vertically along the first end face (126), andthe patch element (120) formed on the top face (124).
- The antenna as defined in claim 1, a width of said patch element (120) for setting the resonant frequency of the second monopole antenna element.
- A mobile wireless communication device comprising:a housing;a dielectric substrate carried within said housing;wireless communication circuitry carried by said substrate within said housing; anda multi-band antenna as claimed in any preceding claim coupled to said wireless communication circuitry.
- The mobile wireless communication device of claim 3, said wireless communication circuitry comprises a cellular transceiver.
- A mobile wireless communication device comprising:a housing;a dielectric substrate carried within said housing;wireless communication circuitry carried by said substrate;a ground plane formed on a first area of the dielectric substrate;a plurality of multi-band antennas as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, the multi-band antennas arranged in a second area of the dielectric substrate.
- The mobile wireless communication device of claim 5, including a stub section coupled to said ground plane and extending into said second area for determining an operating frequency of said multi-band antenna arrangement.
Priority Applications (3)
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EP09175974.6A EP2323217B1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Antenna for multi mode mimo communication in handheld devices |
PCT/CA2010/001784 WO2011057398A1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-10 | Antenna for multi mode mimo communication in handheld devices |
CA2776339A CA2776339C (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-10 | Antenna for multi mode mimo communication in handheld devices |
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EP09175974.6A EP2323217B1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Antenna for multi mode mimo communication in handheld devices |
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EP2323217B1 true EP2323217B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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CN106935971B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2021-02-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and communication apparatus |
EP3285333A1 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2018-02-21 | Institut Mines Telecom / Telecom Bretagne | Configurable multiband antenna arrangement and design method thereof |
EP3794675B1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2024-01-24 | Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. | Multiband antenna structure |
CN109149067B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-07-06 | 瑞声精密制造科技(常州)有限公司 | Antenna system and mobile terminal |
CN109659687B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-11-16 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Six-unit multi-band MIMO antenna suitable for 5G mobile terminal |
JP7359314B2 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2023-10-11 | 株式会社村田製作所 | antenna device |
CN113839200A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-24 | 北京悦米科技有限公司 | Antenna capable of overcoming hand holding influence and being little influenced by environment |
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DE10049845A1 (en) * | 2000-10-09 | 2002-04-11 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Multiband microwave aerial with substrate with one or more conductive track structures |
JP4432254B2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2010-03-17 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Surface mount antenna structure and communication device including the same |
JP2003017930A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Nec Corp | Antenna element and wireless communication unit |
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US6965346B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2005-11-15 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Wireless LAN antenna and wireless LAN card with the same |
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US7719470B2 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2010-05-18 | Research In Motion Limited | Multi-band antenna, and associated methodology, for a radio communication device |
EP2031695A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-04 | Research In Motion Limited | Mobile wireless communications device including a folded monopole multi-band antenna and related methods |
ATE496403T1 (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2011-02-15 | Research In Motion Ltd | MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE HAVING A MULTI-WIRE FOLDED MONOPOLANT ANTENNA AND CORRESPONDING METHOD |
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WO2011057398A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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