EP1960979B1 - Power generator as an alarm sensor - Google Patents

Power generator as an alarm sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1960979B1
EP1960979B1 EP06830155A EP06830155A EP1960979B1 EP 1960979 B1 EP1960979 B1 EP 1960979B1 EP 06830155 A EP06830155 A EP 06830155A EP 06830155 A EP06830155 A EP 06830155A EP 1960979 B1 EP1960979 B1 EP 1960979B1
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Prior art keywords
sensor
energy
sensor according
measured variable
energy generator
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EP1960979A1 (en
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Jens Makuth
Dirk Scheibner
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/182—Level alarms, e.g. alarms responsive to variables exceeding a threshold

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor for monitoring a measured variable with an output unit for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided from exceeding a threshold value by the measured variable for output.
  • the invention further relates to a method for monitoring a measured variable by means of a sensor with an output unit for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided from exceeding a threshold value by the measured variable for output.
  • Such a sensor or such a method is used in particular in the field of automation and drive technology - for example in production machines, machine tools, process systems, transport systems and logistics and building automation.
  • Exemplary here is the rolling bearing monitoring of simple machines, brightness and temperature monitoring in production processes of the food industry or called an air quality assessment.
  • an air quality assessment As a framework for use increasingly occur a large number of measuring points and the use of hard to reach places.
  • a broad use of sensory monitoring networks only makes sense at a low cost for the individual sensor.
  • ABB also presents the Wireless Interface to Sensors and Actuators (WISA) concept for wireless proximity switches (see ABB, "Create New Freedoms - The New Installation Concept with Wireless Proximity Switches", company publication).
  • WISA Wireless Interface to Sensors and Actuators
  • US 33378801 discloses a voltage detector.
  • the invention has for its object to enable the monitoring of a measured variable in the most cost-effective manner possible.
  • the senor is an energy generator which is provided for generating energy by means of the measured variable for the energy supply of the sensor.
  • This object is further achieved in a method of the type mentioned above in that a sensor according to the invention is used as the sensor.
  • the energy generator simultaneously represents the transducer, eliminating a transducer in the actual sense.
  • the properties of the energy generator determine the type of measured variable (or vice versa).
  • the measure of the measured variable is the energy generated in the energy generator. The sensor works only if the measurand is present at all. If the measured variable and thus the generated energy exceed a defined threshold value, a signal is output. The required minimum energy was generated by the energy generator by conversion from the measurand.
  • the invention can be used for all parameters that also allow power generation. Since the actual transducer is eliminated, the sensor of the invention is simpler in construction than a conventional sensor. This leads to lower costs and better miniaturization.
  • the power supply is self-sufficient according to the invention, no wiring is necessary. Compared to battery-powered wireless systems, the battery replacement is eliminated. Despite autonomous energy generation from the environment, a high level of reliability is guaranteed because the size to be measured also provides the energy for the sensor. When the measurand is present, the sensor generates energy and can work.
  • Such sensors according to the invention are therefore suitable under cost and reliability aspects for widespread use or in inaccessible places.
  • Target applications include, for example, MP & F (Maintenance Products & Functions) alarm sensors for monitoring fault conditions, such as a motor running too hot or a system that is too strong.
  • the output unit is provided for wireless communication of the sensor signal. This can be done, for example, via radio or via optical free-space communication.
  • the output unit is provided for the optical display of the sensor signal. This can e.g. by switching an electrochromic display.
  • the sensor signal is an alarm signal.
  • an optical display may consist only of an optical A-mark.
  • the sensor signal has the current value of the measured variable. Not only can this indicate that the threshold to be monitored has been exceeded by the measured variable, but also its current value.
  • the threshold value is set by properties of the energy generator. This can e.g. be achieved in that the energy generator only from reaching the threshold by the measured quantity generates enough energy to output the sensor signal, or even begins to generate energy only from reaching the threshold by the measured variable.
  • An illustrative example of the latter case is e.g. by adaptation of band edge distances in solar cells feasible.
  • the senor has a control unit, which is provided for monitoring the exceeding of the threshold value by the measured variable.
  • an averaging of the measured variable over time intervals by means of the energy generator feasible, wherein the time intervals are set by properties of the power generator.
  • the dynamics of the energy generator determines the averaging.
  • a weakly damped energy generator can directly follow the measured variable and provides the instantaneous value of the measured variable. At lower dynamics, the energy generator acts as a low pass and an average value is measured.
  • the senor has an energy store, which is provided for supplying energy to the output unit.
  • the energy store is either charged by the energy generator during operation of the sensor, or the energy storage is already at startup of the sensor in a preloaded state.
  • the threshold value is given by a specific content of the energy store.
  • the threshold effectively corresponds to a temporal integral of the measurand, i. the sensor signal is output only when the energy cumulatively generated by the measurand has reached the threshold value. This may be particularly advantageous if, for example, in the food industry, it depends more on the amount of light than on the radiation intensity, or as in nuclear hazard areas on the amount of radiation.
  • the invention can be used for all parameters that also allow energy generation - eg alternating variables or gradients.
  • the energy generator can be realized eg by solar cells.
  • temperature sensors for example, generators using the Seebeck effect can be used.
  • Sensors for mechanical vibrations often use the electrodynamic, piezoelectric or capacitive transducer principle. Radioactivity can be converted by directly knocking out electrons from, for example, the Si lattice or by conversion into thermal energy and then into electrical energy.
  • Chemical sensors can use fuel cells that use, for example, methanol from the environment and detect it with it, or dry chemical batteries with which moisture can be detected.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of an advantageous embodiment of the sensor 1 according to the invention with energy generator 2, control unit 3, output unit 4 and energy storage 5.
  • the measure M eg the temperature, mechanical vibrations, light, radioactive radiation, chemical energy, moisture - acts on the matching Energy generator 2 and there is converted proportionally into electrical energy and cached in the energy storage 5.
  • the energy generator 2 thus also serves as a transducer.
  • the energy stored in the energy store 5 is monitored by the control unit 3. If the energy generated and thus the cumulative measured quantity M exceeds a threshold value, the energy present in the energy store 5 is used, to wirelessly emit an alarm signal by means of the output unit 4 or optically display, for example, by switching an electrochromic display.
  • FIG. 2 shows a practical realization of the principle according to the invention by means of a vibration monitoring.
  • the power generator 2 is designed to convert mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy.
  • Known such energy generators 2 use the electrodynamic, piezoelectric or capacitive transducer principle.
  • the energy generator 2 is to be designed so that the energy generated is proportional to the measured variable M, so in this case the vibration.
  • the occurring amplitudes of the mechanical vibration generate correspondingly an electrical output signal.
  • the concrete conversion principle determines the type of measured variable M.
  • a capacitive energy generator 2 for example, generates charge transfer currents from the oscillation. These are proportional to the change in the deflection, ie the vibration velocity. This is therefore also the monitored measured variable M.
  • Such a vibration sensor 1 can be used as a bearing monitoring for simple machines such as electric motors 6.
  • FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the output signal of the energy generator 2 on the properties of the energy generator 2.
  • the time course of the measured variable M is seen, from which, depending on the set dynamics of the energy generator 2 different output signals.
  • An energy generator 2 with high dynamics (weak attenuation) can directly follow the measured variable M (bottom left), while an energy generator 2 with low dynamics (high attenuation) acts as a low-pass filter and smoothes the measured variable M (bottom right).
  • the dynamics of the energy generator 2 thus determines the temporal averaging of the measured variable M.
  • the invention relates to a sensor for monitoring a measured variable with an output unit for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided from exceeding a threshold value by the measured variable for output.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple and inexpensive threshold sensor that works completely wireless and yet reliable in terms of communication and energy. This object is achieved in that the sensor has an energy generator, which is provided for generating energy by means of the measured variable for the energy supply of the sensor. Due to the simultaneous use of the measured variable according to the invention for energy generation, the energy generator simultaneously represents the transducer, eliminating a transducer in the actual sense. The measure of the measured variable is the energy generated in the energy generator.
  • the sensor works only if the measurand is present at all.
  • the invention can be used for all parameters that also allow power generation.
  • the power supply is self-sufficient according to the invention, no wiring is necessary. Despite autonomous energy generation from the environment, a high level of reliability is guaranteed because the size to be measured also provides the energy for the sensor.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor for monitoring a measured variable, comprising an output unit for s sensor signal, said sensor signal being output as soon as the measured variable exceeds a threshold value. The aim of the invention is to create a simple and inexpensive threshold sensor which operates in an entirely wireless manner while being reliable regarding communication and power generation. Said aim is achieved by providing the sensor with a power generator which is used for generating power by means of the measured variable in order to supply the sensor with power. The inventive power generator at the same time represents the measuring transducer by simultaneously utilizing the measured variable to generate power so as to dispense with the need for a measuring transducer per se, the power generated in the power generator being the measure for the measured variable. The sensor works only when the measured variable is provided. The invention can be used for all measured variables which additionally allow power to be generated. Power is supplied self-sufficiently, and no wiring is required. Great reliability is ensured regardless of the fact that power is generated self-sufficiently as the variable that is to be measured also supplies the power for the sensor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sensor zur Überwachung einer Messgröße mit einer Ausgabeeinheit für ein Sensorsignal, wobei das Sensorsignal ab Überschreitung eines Schwellwertes durch die Messgröße zur Ausgabe vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a sensor for monitoring a measured variable with an output unit for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided from exceeding a threshold value by the measured variable for output.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Messgröße mittels eines Sensors mit einer Ausgabeeinheit für ein Sensorsignal, wobei das Sensorsignal ab Überschreitung eines Schwellwertes durch die Messgröße zur Ausgabe vorgesehen ist.The invention further relates to a method for monitoring a measured variable by means of a sensor with an output unit for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided from exceeding a threshold value by the measured variable for output.

Ein derartiger Sensor bzw. ein derartiges Verfahren kommt insbesondere auf dem Gebiet der Automatisierungs- und Antriebstechnik - beispielsweise bei Produktionsmaschinen, Werkzeugmaschinen, verfahrenstechnischen Anlagen, Transportsystemen und Logistik sowie Gebäudeautomation - zum Einsatz. Hier gibt es eine Vielzahl einfacher sensorischer Überwachungsaufgaben, die durch Detektion einer Schwellwertüberschreitung charakterisiert sind. Beispielhaft sei hier die Wälzlagerüberwachung einfacher Maschinen, Helligkeits- und Temperaturüberwachung in Produktionsprozessen der Lebensmittelindustrie oder eine Luftqualitätsbewertung genannt. Als Rahmenbedingungen für den Einsatz treten zunehmend eine große Anzahl von Messstellen und der Einsatz an schwer zugänglichen Stellen auf. Weiterhin ist ein breiter Einsatz sensorischer Überwachungsnetze nur bei niedrigen Kosten für den Einzelsensor sinnvoll.Such a sensor or such a method is used in particular in the field of automation and drive technology - for example in production machines, machine tools, process systems, transport systems and logistics and building automation. There are a variety of simple sensory monitoring tasks that are characterized by detection of a threshold exceeded. Exemplary here is the rolling bearing monitoring of simple machines, brightness and temperature monitoring in production processes of the food industry or called an air quality assessment. As a framework for use increasingly occur a large number of measuring points and the use of hard to reach places. Furthermore, a broad use of sensory monitoring networks only makes sense at a low cost for the individual sensor.

Konventionelle Sensoren sind dafür nur bedingt geeignet. Insbesondere der immense Verdrahtungsaufwand bei großen Sensornetzen ist problematisch. Der Einsatz komplett drahtloser Sensoren wird durch den Aspekt der Energieversorgung behindert. Heute verfügbare Batterietechnologien liefern in Kombination mit im industriellen Umfeld einsetzbaren drahtlosen Datenübertragungstechniken nur eine sehr begrenzte Lebensdauer. Ein regelmäßiger Austausch ist jedoch gerade bei komplexen Sensornetzen und schwer zugänglichen Einbauorten nicht praktikabel. Diese Faktoren behindern die massenhafte Verbreitung einfacher sensorischer Schwellwertüberwachungen im industriellen Umfeld.Conventional sensors are only suitable for this purpose. In particular, the immense wiring costs for large sensor networks is problematic. The use of completely wireless sensors is hindered by the aspect of energy supply. Battery technologies available today deliver in combination with wireless industrial applications Data transmission techniques only a very limited life. However, regular replacement is not practical, especially with complex sensor networks and hard-to-reach installation locations. These factors hinder the mass distribution of simple sensory threshold monitoring in the industrial environment.

Gegenwärtig eingesetzte Sensorsysteme bestehen in der Regel aus dem eigentlichen Messwandler, der Signalverstärkung und -verarbeitung, einer Kommunikationseinheit sowie einer Energieversorgung. Heute üblich sind drahtgebundene Sensoren. Es zeichnet sich jedoch zur Reduktion des Verdrahtungsaufwandes ein deutlicher Trend zu drahtloser Sensorik ab. Derartige Sensoren arbeiten heute in der Regel mit batteriegestützter Energieversorgung, mit dem Nachteil einer begrenzten Lebensdauer. Zur Umgehung dieses Nachteils werden gegenwärtig verschiedene Ansätze zur Energieversorgung aus der Umgebung untersucht. Dabei favorisiert man folgende Quellen: Licht, Wärme, mechanische Schwingungen und chemische Energie (vgl. Woias, P., "Micro energy harvesting - a novel supply concept for distributed and embedded microsystems", Mikrosystemtechnik Kongress 2005, 10.-12.10.05, Freiburg ). ABB stellt alternativ das WISA-Konzept (Wireless Interface to Sensors and Actuators) für drahtfreie Näherungsschalter vor (vgl. ABB, "Schaffen Sie sich neue Freiheiten - Das neue Installationskonzept mit drahtfreien Näherungsschaltern", Firmenschrift). Dabei werden die drahtlosen Sensoren elektromagnetisch durch Primärspulen versorgt. Die Notwendigkeit, durch derartige Primärspulen um den Sensor ein Feld bereitzustellen, stellt jedoch einen hohen Aufwand dar und begrenzt den Einsatz auf fixe Fertigungszellen.Currently used sensor systems usually consist of the actual transducer, the signal amplification and processing, a communication unit and a power supply. Wired sensors are common today. However, there is a clear trend towards wireless sensor technology to reduce the wiring effort. Such sensors usually operate today with battery-backed power supply, with the disadvantage of a limited life. To circumvent this drawback, various approaches to powering the environment are currently under investigation. The following sources are favored: light, heat, mechanical vibrations and chemical energy (cf. Woias, P., "Micro energy harvesting - a novel supply concept for distributed and embedded microsystems", microsystems technology congress 2005, 10.-12.10.05, Freiburg ). ABB also presents the Wireless Interface to Sensors and Actuators (WISA) concept for wireless proximity switches (see ABB, "Create New Freedoms - The New Installation Concept with Wireless Proximity Switches", company publication). The wireless sensors are powered electromagnetically by primary coils. However, the need to provide a field around the sensor by such primary coils is a high cost and limits its use to fixed manufacturing cells.

US 33378801 offenbart einen Spannungsdetektor. US 33378801 discloses a voltage detector.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Überwachung einer Messgröße auf möglichst kostengünstige Weise zu ermöglichen.The invention has for its object to enable the monitoring of a measured variable in the most cost-effective manner possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Sensor der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass der Sensor einen Energiegenerator aufweist, der zur Energieerzeugung mittels der Messgröße für die Energieversorgung des Sensors vorgesehen ist.This object is achieved in a sensor of the type mentioned in that the sensor is an energy generator which is provided for generating energy by means of the measured variable for the energy supply of the sensor.

Diese Aufgabe wird ferner bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass als Sensor ein erfindungsgemäßer Sensor verwendet wird.This object is further achieved in a method of the type mentioned above in that a sensor according to the invention is used as the sensor.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße gleichzeitige Nutzung der Messgröße zur Energiegewinnung stellt der Energiegenerator dabei gleichzeitig den Messwandler dar, ein Messwandler im eigentlichen Sinne entfällt. Die Eigenschaften des Energiegenerators bestimmen die Art der Messgröße (bzw. umgekehrt). Das Maß für die Messgröße ist die im Energiegenerator erzeugte Energie. Der Sensor arbeitet nur, wenn die Messgröße überhaupt vorhanden ist. Übersteigen die Messgröße und damit die erzeugte Energie einen festgelegten Schwellwert, so wird ein Signal ausgegeben. Die dazu nötige Mindestenergie wurde vom Energiegenerator durch Wandlung aus der Messgröße erzeugt.Due to the simultaneous use of the measured variable according to the invention for energy generation, the energy generator simultaneously represents the transducer, eliminating a transducer in the actual sense. The properties of the energy generator determine the type of measured variable (or vice versa). The measure of the measured variable is the energy generated in the energy generator. The sensor works only if the measurand is present at all. If the measured variable and thus the generated energy exceed a defined threshold value, a signal is output. The required minimum energy was generated by the energy generator by conversion from the measurand.

Die Erfindung kann für alle Messgrößen eingesetzt werden, die auch eine Energieerzeugung erlauben. Da der eigentliche Messwandler entfällt, ist der erfindungsgemäße Sensor einfacher aufgebaut als ein konventioneller Sensor. Dies führt zu niedrigeren Kosten und einer besseren Miniaturisierbarkeit. Die Energieversorgung ist erfindungsgemäß autark, es ist keine Verdrahtung nötig. Gegenüber batteriebetriebenen drahtlosen Systemen entfällt der Batteriewechsel. Trotz autarker Energiegewinnung aus der Umgebung ist eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit garantiert, da die zu messende Größe auch die Energie für den Sensor bereitstellt. Wenn die Messgröße vorhanden ist, erzeugt der Sensor Energie und kann arbeiten.The invention can be used for all parameters that also allow power generation. Since the actual transducer is eliminated, the sensor of the invention is simpler in construction than a conventional sensor. This leads to lower costs and better miniaturization. The power supply is self-sufficient according to the invention, no wiring is necessary. Compared to battery-powered wireless systems, the battery replacement is eliminated. Despite autonomous energy generation from the environment, a high level of reliability is guaranteed because the size to be measured also provides the energy for the sensor. When the measurand is present, the sensor generates energy and can work.

Derartige erfindungsgemäße Sensoren sind damit unter Kosten- und Zuverlässigkeitsaspekten zum breiten Einsatz oder an unzugänglichen Stellen geeignet. Zielapplikationen sind beispielsweise MP&F- (Maintenance Products & Functions-) Alarm-Sensoren zur Überwachung von Fehlzuständen wie z.B. ein zu heiß laufender Motor oder eine zu stark schwingende Anlage. In einer vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung ist die Ausgabeeinheit zur drahtlosen Kommunikation des Sensorsignals vorgesehen. Diese kann z.B. über Funk oder mittels optischer Freiraumkommunikation erfolgen.Such sensors according to the invention are therefore suitable under cost and reliability aspects for widespread use or in inaccessible places. Target applications include, for example, MP & F (Maintenance Products & Functions) alarm sensors for monitoring fault conditions, such as a motor running too hot or a system that is too strong. In an advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the output unit is provided for wireless communication of the sensor signal. This can be done, for example, via radio or via optical free-space communication.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung ist die Ausgabeeinheit zur optischen Anzeige des Sensorsignals vorgesehen. Dies kann z.B. durch Umschalten eines elektrochromen Displays erfolgen.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the output unit is provided for the optical display of the sensor signal. This can e.g. by switching an electrochromic display.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung ist das Sensorsignal ein Alarmsignal. In diesem Fall kann eine optische Anzeige beispielsweise lediglich aus einem optischen A-larmzeichen bestehen.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the sensor signal is an alarm signal. In this case, for example, an optical display may consist only of an optical A-mark.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung weist das Sensorsignal den aktuellen Wert der Messgröße auf. Hierdurch kann nicht nur angezeigt werden, dass der zu überwachende Schwellwert von der Messgröße überschritten wurde, sondern auch ihr derzeitiger Wert.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the sensor signal has the current value of the measured variable. Not only can this indicate that the threshold to be monitored has been exceeded by the measured variable, but also its current value.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung ist der Schwellwert durch Eigenschaften des Energiegenerators eingestellt. Dies kann z.B. dadurch erreicht werden, dass der Energiegenerator erst ab Erreichen des Schwellwertes durch die Messgröße genug Energie zur Ausgabe des Sensorsignals erzeugt oder überhaupt erst ab Erreichen des Schwellwertes durch die Messgröße beginnt, Energie zu erzeugen. Ein anschauliches Beispiel für den letztgenannten Fall ist z.B. durch Anpassung von Bandkantenabständen in Solarzellen realisierbar.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the threshold value is set by properties of the energy generator. This can e.g. be achieved in that the energy generator only from reaching the threshold by the measured quantity generates enough energy to output the sensor signal, or even begins to generate energy only from reaching the threshold by the measured variable. An illustrative example of the latter case is e.g. by adaptation of band edge distances in solar cells feasible.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung weist der Sensor eine Kontrolleinheit auf, die zur Überwachung der Überschreitung des Schwellwertes durch die Messgröße vorgesehen ist.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the sensor has a control unit, which is provided for monitoring the exceeding of the threshold value by the measured variable.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung ist eine Mittelung der Messgröße über Zeitintervalle mittels des Energiegenerators durchführbar, wobei die Zeitintervalle durch Eigenschaften des Energiegenerators eingestellt sind. D.h. die Dynamik des Energiegenerators legt die Mittelung fest. Ein schwach gedämpfter Energiegenerator kann der Messgröße direkt folgen und liefert den Momentanwert der Messgröße. Bei geringerer Dynamik wirkt der Energiegenerator als Tiefpass, und es wird ein gemittelter Wert gemessen.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, an averaging of the measured variable over time intervals by means of the energy generator feasible, wherein the time intervals are set by properties of the power generator. This means that the dynamics of the energy generator determines the averaging. A weakly damped energy generator can directly follow the measured variable and provides the instantaneous value of the measured variable. At lower dynamics, the energy generator acts as a low pass and an average value is measured.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung weist der Sensor einen Energiespeicher auf, der zur Energieversorgung der Ausgabeeinheit vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch kann das Sensorsignal auch dann ausgegeben werden, wenn die vom Energiegenerator erzeugte Energie andernfalls nicht ausreichen würde, die Ausgabeeinheit zu betreiben. Dabei wird der Energiespeicher entweder vom Energiegenerator während des Betriebes des Sensors geladen, oder der Energiespeicher befindet sich bereits bei Inbetriebnahme des Sensors in einem vorgeladenen Zustand.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the sensor has an energy store, which is provided for supplying energy to the output unit. As a result, the sensor signal can be output even if the energy generated by the energy generator would otherwise be insufficient to operate the output unit. In this case, the energy store is either charged by the energy generator during operation of the sensor, or the energy storage is already at startup of the sensor in a preloaded state.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Form der Ausführung ist der Schwellwert durch einen bestimmten Inhalt des Energiespeichers gegeben. In dieser Ausführungsform entspricht der Schwellwert gewissermaßen einem zeitlichen Integral der Messgröße, d.h. es wird erst dann das Sensorsignal ausgegeben, wenn die durch die Messgröße kumulativ erzeugte Energie den Schwellwert erreicht hat. Dies kann insbesondere dann von Vorteil sein, wenn es, wie beispielsweise in der Lebensmittelindustrie, eher auf die Lichtmenge als auf die Strahlungsintensität ankommt, oder wie in nuklearen Gefahrenbereichen auf die Strahlungsmenge.In a further advantageous embodiment of the embodiment, the threshold value is given by a specific content of the energy store. In this embodiment, the threshold effectively corresponds to a temporal integral of the measurand, i. the sensor signal is output only when the energy cumulatively generated by the measurand has reached the threshold value. This may be particularly advantageous if, for example, in the food industry, it depends more on the amount of light than on the radiation intensity, or as in nuclear hazard areas on the amount of radiation.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind je nach Art der zu überwachenden Messgröße zu nennen. Die Erfindung kann für alle Messgrößen eingesetzt werden, die auch eine Energieerzeugung - z.B. Wechselgrößen oder Gradienten - erlauben. Dies umfasst z.B. Helligkeitssensoren, Temperatursensoren, Sensoren für mechanische Schwingungen oder Auslenkungen, Sensoren für Radioaktivität oder chemische Sensoren. Bei Helligkeitssensoren ist der Energiegenerator z.B. durch Solarzellen realisierbar. Bei Temperatursensoren sind z.B. Generatoren unter Nutzung des Seebeck-Effektes einsetzbar. Sensoren für mechanische Schwingungen nutzen häufig das elektrodynamische, piezoelektrische oder kapazitive Wandlerprinzip. Radioaktivität lasst sich durch direktes Herausschlagen von Elektronen aus z.B. dem Si-Gitter wandeln oder durch Wandlung in thermische und dann in elektrische Energie. Chemische Sensoren können Brennstoffzellen nutzen, die beispielsweise mit Methanol aus der Umwelt arbeiten und dieses damit detektieren, oder chemische Trockenbatterien, mit denen Feuchtigkeit detektiert werden kann.Further advantageous embodiments are to be named depending on the type of measured variable to be monitored. The invention can be used for all parameters that also allow energy generation - eg alternating variables or gradients. This includes, for example, brightness sensors, temperature sensors, sensors for mechanical vibrations or deflections, sensors for radioactivity or chemical sensors. For brightness sensors the energy generator can be realized eg by solar cells. In temperature sensors, for example, generators using the Seebeck effect can be used. Sensors for mechanical vibrations often use the electrodynamic, piezoelectric or capacitive transducer principle. Radioactivity can be converted by directly knocking out electrons from, for example, the Si lattice or by conversion into thermal energy and then into electrical energy. Chemical sensors can use fuel cells that use, for example, methanol from the environment and detect it with it, or dry chemical batteries with which moisture can be detected.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sensors,
FIG 2
eine praktische Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Prinzips anhand einer Schwingungsüberwachung,
FIG 3
die Abhängigkeit des Ausgangssignals des Energiegenerators von den Eigenschaften des Energiegenerators.
In the following the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
the basic structure of an advantageous embodiment of the sensor according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a practical realization of the principle according to the invention by means of a vibration monitoring,
FIG. 3
the dependence of the output signal of the energy generator on the properties of the energy generator.

FIG 1 zeigt den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Sensors 1 mit Energiegenerator 2, Kontrolleinheit 3, Ausgabeeinheit 4 und Energiespeicher 5. Die Messgröße M - z.B. die Temperatur, mechanische Schwingungen, Licht, radioaktive Strahlung, chemische Energie, Feuchtigkeit - wirkt auf den dazu passenden Energiegenerator 2 und wird dort proportional in elektrische Energie gewandelt und im Energiespeicher 5 zwischengespeichert. Der Energiegenerator 2 dient also gleichzeitig als Messwandler. Die im Energiespeicher 5 gespeicherte Energie wird von der Kontrolleinheit 3 überwacht. Überschreitet die erzeugte Energie und damit die kumulative Messgröße M einen Schwellwert, so wird die im Energiespeicher 5 befindliche Energie benutzt, um mittels der Ausgabeeinheit 4 drahtlos ein Alarmsignal abzusetzen oder z.B. durch Umschalten eines elektrochromen Displays optisch anzuzeigen. FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of an advantageous embodiment of the sensor 1 according to the invention with energy generator 2, control unit 3, output unit 4 and energy storage 5. The measure M - eg the temperature, mechanical vibrations, light, radioactive radiation, chemical energy, moisture - acts on the matching Energy generator 2 and there is converted proportionally into electrical energy and cached in the energy storage 5. The energy generator 2 thus also serves as a transducer. The energy stored in the energy store 5 is monitored by the control unit 3. If the energy generated and thus the cumulative measured quantity M exceeds a threshold value, the energy present in the energy store 5 is used, to wirelessly emit an alarm signal by means of the output unit 4 or optically display, for example, by switching an electrochromic display.

FIG 2 zeigt eine praktische Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Prinzips anhand einer Schwingungsüberwachung. Der Energiegenerator 2 ist so gestaltet, dass er mechanische Schwingungsenergie in elektrische Energie wandelt. Bekannte derartige Energiegeneratoren 2 nutzen das elektrodynamische, piezoelektrische oder kapazitive Wandlerprinzip. Der Energiegenerator 2 ist dabei so zu gestalten, dass die erzeugte Energie proportional zur Messgröße M, also in diesem Fall der Schwingung, ist. Die auftretenden Amplituden der mechanischen Schwingung erzeugen entsprechend ein elektrisches Ausgangssignal. Dabei bestimmt das konkrete Wandlungsprinzip die Art der Messgröße M. Ein kapazitiver Energiegenerator 2 beispielsweise generiert aus der Schwingung Umladeströme. Diese sind proportional zur Änderung der Auslenkung, also der Schwinggeschwindigkeit. Dies ist damit auch die überwachte Messgröße M. Überschreitet das von der Kontrolleinheit 3 überwachte Ausgangssignal einen Schwellwert, so wird mit der im Energiespeicher 5 befindlichen Energie ein Alarmsignal mittels der Ausgabeeinheit 4 drahtlos abgesetzt. Ein derartiger Schwingungssensor 1 ist als Lagerüberwachung für einfache Maschinen wie z.B. Elektromotoren 6 einsetzbar. FIG. 2 shows a practical realization of the principle according to the invention by means of a vibration monitoring. The power generator 2 is designed to convert mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy. Known such energy generators 2 use the electrodynamic, piezoelectric or capacitive transducer principle. The energy generator 2 is to be designed so that the energy generated is proportional to the measured variable M, so in this case the vibration. The occurring amplitudes of the mechanical vibration generate correspondingly an electrical output signal. In this case, the concrete conversion principle determines the type of measured variable M. A capacitive energy generator 2, for example, generates charge transfer currents from the oscillation. These are proportional to the change in the deflection, ie the vibration velocity. This is therefore also the monitored measured variable M. If the output signal monitored by the control unit 3 exceeds a threshold value, an alarm signal is emitted wirelessly by means of the output unit 4 with the energy present in the energy store 5. Such a vibration sensor 1 can be used as a bearing monitoring for simple machines such as electric motors 6.

FIG 3 zeigt die Abhängigkeit des Ausgangssignals des Energiegenerators 2 von den Eigenschaften des Energiegenerators 2. Oben in der Figur ist der zeitliche Verlauf der Messgröße M zu sehen, aus der sich, je nach der eingestellten Dynamik des Energiegenerators 2 unterschiedliche Ausgangssignale ergeben. Ein Energiegenerator 2 mit hoher Dynamik (schwacher Dämpfung) kann der Messgröße M zeitlich direkt folgen (unten links), ein Energiegenerator 2 mit niedriger Dynamik (hoher Dämpfung) wirkt hingegen als Tiefpass und glättet die Messgröße M (unten rechts). Die Dynamik des Energiegenerators 2 legt also die zeitliche Mittelung der Messgröße M fest. FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the output signal of the energy generator 2 on the properties of the energy generator 2. Above in the figure, the time course of the measured variable M is seen, from which, depending on the set dynamics of the energy generator 2 different output signals. An energy generator 2 with high dynamics (weak attenuation) can directly follow the measured variable M (bottom left), while an energy generator 2 with low dynamics (high attenuation) acts as a low-pass filter and smoothes the measured variable M (bottom right). The dynamics of the energy generator 2 thus determines the temporal averaging of the measured variable M.

Zusammenfassend betrifft die Erfindung einen Sensor zur Überwachung einer Messgröße mit einer Ausgabeeinheit für ein Sensorsignal, wobei das Sensorsignal ab Überschreitung eines Schwellwertes durch die Messgröße zur Ausgabe vorgesehen ist. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen einfachen und kostengünstigen Schwellwertsensor anzugeben, der vollständig drahtlos und trotzdem zuverlässig in Bezug auf Kommunikation und Energiegewinnung arbeitet. Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass der Sensor einen Energiegenerator aufweist, der zur Energieerzeugung mittels der Messgröße für die Energieversorgung des Sensors vorgesehen ist. Durch die erfindungsgemäße gleichzeitige Nutzung der Messgröße zur Energiegewinnung stellt der Energiegenerator dabei gleichzeitig den Messwandler dar, ein Messwandler im eigentlichen Sinne entfällt. Das Maß für die Messgröße ist die im Energiegenerator erzeugte Energie. Der Sensor arbeitet nur, wenn die Messgröße überhaupt vorhanden ist. Die Erfindung kann für alle Messgrößen eingesetzt werden, die auch eine Energieerzeugung erlauben. Die Energieversorgung ist erfindungsgemäß autark, es ist keine Verdrahtung nötig. Trotz autarker Energiegewinnung aus der Umgebung ist eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit garantiert, da die zu messende Größe auch die Energie für den Sensor bereitstellt.In summary, the invention relates to a sensor for monitoring a measured variable with an output unit for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided from exceeding a threshold value by the measured variable for output. The invention has for its object to provide a simple and inexpensive threshold sensor that works completely wireless and yet reliable in terms of communication and energy. This object is achieved in that the sensor has an energy generator, which is provided for generating energy by means of the measured variable for the energy supply of the sensor. Due to the simultaneous use of the measured variable according to the invention for energy generation, the energy generator simultaneously represents the transducer, eliminating a transducer in the actual sense. The measure of the measured variable is the energy generated in the energy generator. The sensor works only if the measurand is present at all. The invention can be used for all parameters that also allow power generation. The power supply is self-sufficient according to the invention, no wiring is necessary. Despite autonomous energy generation from the environment, a high level of reliability is guaranteed because the size to be measured also provides the energy for the sensor.

Claims (22)

  1. Sensor (1) for monitoring a measured variable (M) and having an output unit (4) for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided for output as soon as the measured variable (M) exceeds a threshold value, characterised in that the sensor has an energy generator (2) which is provided for generating energy by means of the measured variable (M) in order to supply power to the sensor (1).
  2. Sensor according to claim 1, wherein the output unit (4) is provided for wirelessly communicating the sensor signal.
  3. Sensor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the output unit (4) is provided for optically displaying the sensor signal.
  4. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor signal is an alarm signal.
  5. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor signal has the current value of the measured variable (M).
  6. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the threshold value is set by characteristics of the energy generator (2).
  7. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor (1) has a control unit (3) which is provided for monitoring the measured variable (M) in order to detect when it exceeds the threshold value.
  8. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measured variable (M) can be averaged over time intervals by means of the energy generator (2), with the time intervals being set by characteristics of the energy generator (2).
  9. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor (1) has an energy store (5) which is provided for supplying power to the output unit (4).
  10. Sensor according to claim 9, wherein the threshold value is given by a specific content of the energy store (5).
  11. Sensor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as a solar cell.
  12. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as an electrodynamic generator.
  13. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as a piezoelectric generator.
  14. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as a capacitive generator.
  15. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as a thermoelectric generator.
  16. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as a fuel cell.
  17. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is embodied as a chemical dry-cell battery.
  18. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is provided for using electrons ejected from a semiconductor lattice by radioactive radiation.
  19. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is provided for using heat generated by radioactive radiation for conversion into electrical energy.
  20. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is provided for using electrical and/or magnetic alternating fields for energy generation.
  21. Sensor according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the energy generator (2) is provided for using gradient fields for energy generation.
  22. Method for monitoring a measured variable (M) by means of a sensor (1) having an output unit (4) for a sensor signal, wherein the sensor signal is provided for output as soon as the measured variable (M) exceeds a threshold value, characterised in that a sensor (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21 is used as the sensor (1).
EP06830155A 2005-12-14 2006-11-28 Power generator as an alarm sensor Revoked EP1960979B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102005059759A DE102005059759A1 (en) 2005-12-14 2005-12-14 Energy generator as alarm sensor
PCT/EP2006/069005 WO2007068585A1 (en) 2005-12-14 2006-11-28 Power generator as an alarm sensor

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EP1960979B1 true EP1960979B1 (en) 2012-01-11

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DE102005059759A1 (en) 2007-06-28
WO2007068585A1 (en) 2007-06-21
ATE541278T1 (en) 2012-01-15

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