EP1884737B1 - Rubber pellet package - Google Patents

Rubber pellet package Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1884737B1
EP1884737B1 EP07405205.1A EP07405205A EP1884737B1 EP 1884737 B1 EP1884737 B1 EP 1884737B1 EP 07405205 A EP07405205 A EP 07405205A EP 1884737 B1 EP1884737 B1 EP 1884737B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packing
rubber
disc
hard rubber
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07405205.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1884737A3 (en
EP1884737A2 (en
Inventor
Christian Dr. Kempf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saltech AG
Original Assignee
Saltech AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saltech AG filed Critical Saltech AG
Priority to PL07405205T priority Critical patent/PL1884737T3/en
Publication of EP1884737A2 publication Critical patent/EP1884737A2/en
Publication of EP1884737A3 publication Critical patent/EP1884737A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1884737B1 publication Critical patent/EP1884737B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/04—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile of pellet type
    • F42B7/046—Pellets or shot therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/03—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile containing more than one missile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Kunststoffschrotpackung with the features of the preamble of claim 1, thus comprising a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of hard rubber elements, which are arranged in a sealed package, wherein the hard rubber elements are surrounded by a plastic film as a whole, intended for shooting as effective charge with a powder charge separated from the active charge.
  • Rubber crumb according to the invention forms a bullet for insertion into a cup, which is mounted on a suitably equipped firearm. Gum is fired by a propellant that is charged separately from the pack in the firearm.
  • Rubber crumb packs according to the preamble of claim 1 are known from the prior art.
  • police use packs that are fired with a Tgw 73 model, which is a short-barreled carabiner with an attached cup.
  • the currently used packages consist of five mutually rotated by 30 degrees layers of cross-section hexagonal hard rubber projectiles, which are held together by a film.
  • the US 873,347 which forms a starting point for independent claim 1, discloses: a scrap package comprising a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of scraping elements arranged in a sealed package, wherein the scraping elements are generally surrounded by a foil, the pellet pack having a powder charge separate from the pellet from a firing device, wherein at least a, is provided for the insertion opposite the powder charge disc, which has a dimensions of the Verschuß device corresponding outer diameter or which has a dimensions of the packing corresponding outer diameter and which is fixed axially to the Schrotementen with the shot packing.
  • the invention has the object, a rubber shot packing of the type mentioned in such a way that results in an improved launch with less gas slip and at the same time enters a larger scattering effect.
  • a rubber crumb pack comprises a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of hard rubber elements arranged in a sealed package.
  • the term hard rubber element is also understood to mean a material having a certain hardness, which may in particular also contain, for example, a metal core or is present in a mixture containing metal. Instead of metal, other materials can be used that contribute to a greater density without increasing the hardness to increase a lot.
  • the hard rubber elements are surrounded by a plastic film.
  • Such a rubber crumb pack is intended to be used as an active charge with a powder charge separate from the active charge. In this case, at least one, provided for the insertion opposite the powder charge disc is arranged, which has a dimensions of the Verschußbechers corresponding outer diameter and which is fixed axially centrally to the hard rubber elements with the Gummischrotpackung.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a schematic, partially broken side view of a rubber crumb pack 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the Gummischrotpackung 10 here consists for example of five layers of hard rubber elements 11.
  • Die Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a hard rubber element 11 of a rubber crumb pack 10 after Fig. 1 or 2 ,
  • the hard rubber elements 11 according to the embodiments are hexagonal and above and below the edges are rounded. Thereby they can be put together without gaps and seven hard rubber elements 11 form a layer.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a rubber crumb pack 10 according to Fig. 2 , Well, the top layer of the seven hard rubber elements 11 can be seen. Between the mutually inclined outer sides of second adjacent outer hard rubber elements 11, a hard rubber element 11 of the underlying layer can be seen in each case, which is rotated by 30 degrees to the uppermost layer. Of course, other, for example, cylindrical shapes of the hard rubber elements 11 may be used. This applies in particular to a pack 10 according to the invention, as will be described later in connection with the discs 20.
  • a similar packing density can also be achieved with balls as hard rubber elements 11.
  • balls as hard rubber elements 11.
  • the diameter 12 of the package 10 in the illustrated embodiment is 57 millimeters, which corresponds to the cup diameter of the gun to be used. But there are also other diameters both total, for example 40 millimeters, as well as the individual hard rubber elements 11 possible.
  • a disc 20 is disposed above the first layer of the hard rubber elements 11.
  • the disk 20 is a round solid disk and may for example have a thickness between 1 and 10 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 6 millimeters. It is made of a lightweight material, such as cardboard or preferably comparatively soft plastic, for example, one of the different types of PE or PVC.
  • the disc 20 essentially has the cup inside diameter. It is after the production of the pack 10 after Fig. 1 once top and bottom once centered on the layers of the elements 11 placed and then covered by a film tube 13, which rests after shrinkage on the shotgun pack 10 and designed this as an integral element to be used.
  • the disc 20 By the use of the disc 20 on the one hand prevents the formation of gas slippage between the edges 14 of the hard rubber elements 11 during the firing of the ammunition. In addition, it is no longer possible by the cup in the diameter sealing disc 20 that gas escapes in the transitional spaces 16.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a schematic, partially broken side view of a rubber crumb pack 10 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the shrink tube 13 has been laid around the layers of hard rubber elements 11 in advance. Only then are now the two discs 20 have been placed centered on this semi-finished shotgun package. Then they are after Fig. 2 glued to the shrink tube 13 and centrally on the middle hard rubber element.
  • the shrink tube 13 itself adhere adhesively to the disc, or shrink tube 13 and plastic disc 20 are welded, for example by ultrasound.
  • two discs 20 at the opposite ends make sense to produce a symmetrical shotgun package.
  • the disc 20 has a certain color, which recognizes the user immediately as an insertion side, only a single disc 20 can be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Description

Technisches Gebiet der ErfindungTechnical field of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gummischrotpackung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1, also umfassend eine vorbestimmte oder ungefähr vorbestimmte Anzahl von Hartgummielementen, die in einer dichten Packung angeordnet sind, wobei die Hartgummielemente insgesamt von einer Kunststofffolie umgeben sind, vorgesehen zum Verschiessen als Wirkladung mit einer von der Wirkladung getrennten Pulverladung.The invention relates to a Gummischrotpackung with the features of the preamble of claim 1, thus comprising a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of hard rubber elements, which are arranged in a sealed package, wherein the hard rubber elements are surrounded by a plastic film as a whole, intended for shooting as effective charge with a powder charge separated from the active charge.

Gummischrot gemäss der Erfindung bildet ein Geschoss zum Einführen in einen Becher, der auf einer entsprechend ausgerüsteten Schusswaffe montiert ist. Gummischrot wird durch eine Treibladung verschossen, die getrennt von der Packung in der Schusswaffe geladen wird.Rubber crumb according to the invention forms a bullet for insertion into a cup, which is mounted on a suitably equipped firearm. Gum is fired by a propellant that is charged separately from the pack in the firearm.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Gummischrotpackungen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. In der Schweiz verwenden Polizeikräfte solche Packungen, die mit einem Modell Tgw 73 verschossen werden, bei dem es sich um einen Karabiner mit kurzem Lauf und aufgesetztem Becher handelt. Die derzeit gebräuchlichen Packungen bestehen aus fünf gegeneinander um jeweils 30 Grad verdrehte Lagen aus im Querschnitt sechseckigen Hartgummiprojektilen, die durch eine Folie zusammengehalten werden.Rubber crumb packs according to the preamble of claim 1 are known from the prior art. In Switzerland, police use packs that are fired with a Tgw 73 model, which is a short-barreled carabiner with an attached cup. The currently used packages consist of five mutually rotated by 30 degrees layers of cross-section hexagonal hard rubber projectiles, which are held together by a film.

Dabei ist von Nachteil, dass ein Gasschlupf auftritt, indem sich das von der Treibladung erzeugte Gas seinen Weg zwischen Becher und der aufgeschrumpften Folie an den Stellen bahnt, an denen sich die flachen Seiten der äusseren sechseckigen Hartgummiprojektile gegenüber der runden Becherwand befinden. Die Folie ist zudem aus einem Schrumpfschlauch erstellt worden, so dass weiterhin das Gas durch die untere Öffnung in die Packung eindringt und sich einen Weg zwischen den einzelnen Hartgummiprojektilen bahnt, die somit voneinander vorgetrennt werden. Der sich daraus ergebende Vorteil der grösseren Streuwirkung steht der Nachteil des Gasschlupfes gegenüber.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist mit einem Schrumpfschlauch verpackte Schrotmunition aus der US 6,283,037 bekannt, bei der die so verpackte Wirkladung von der Pulverladung durch eine innerhalb der Hülse angeordnete Scheibe getrennt ist, die zu beiden Ladungsteilen hin einen hochgezogenen Rand aufweist. Eine solche Schrotmunition ist bei einer Gummischrotpackung nicht einsetzbar, da für den Abschuss ein Becher notwendig ist, so dass Wirkladung und Pulverladung räumlich und zeitlich getrennt geladen werden müssen.
Die EP 0 103 509 und die GB 527,137 zeigen ebenfalls Schrotgeschosse, wobei bei beiden Schrotgeschossen der Nachteil ergeht, dass dies eine grosse Schlupfwirkung aufweisen und nachteilig sind bei der Handhabung des Geschosses.It is disadvantageous that a gas slip occurs by the gas generated by the propellant charge his way between the cup and the shrunk-on film at the points where the flat sides of the outer hexagonal hard rubber projectiles are opposite the round cup wall. The foil is Moreover, it has been made of a shrink tube, so that further the gas penetrates through the lower opening in the pack and a path between the individual hard rubber projectiles opens, which are thus pre-separated from each other. The resulting advantage of the larger scattering effect is offset by the disadvantage of gas slippage.
From the prior art is packed with a shrink tube shotgun ammunition from US 6,283,037 known, in which the so-packaged active charge of the powder charge is separated by a disc disposed within the sleeve, which has a raised edge to both charge parts. Such a shotgun ammunition is not applicable to a rubber crumb, since a cup is necessary for the launch, so that active charge and powder charge must be charged spatially and temporally separated.
The EP 0 103 509 and the GB 527,137 also show shotgun bullets, wherein in both shotguns has the disadvantage that this has a large slipping effect and are disadvantageous in the handling of the projectile.

Die US 873 347 , welche einen Ausgangspunkt für den unabhängigen Anspruch 1 bildet offenbart:
eine Schrotpackung umfassend eine vorbestimmte oder ungefähr vorbestimmte Anzahl von Schrotelementen, die in einer dichten Packung angeordnet sind, wobei die Schrotelemente insgesamt von einer Folie umgeben sind, wobei die Schrotpackung mit einer von der Schrotpackung getrennten Pulverladung aus einer Verschuss-Vorrichtung verschiessbar ist, wobei mindestens eine, für die Einführseite gegenüber der Pulverladung anzuordnende Scheibe vorgesehen ist, die einen den Ausmassen der Verschuss-Vorrichtung entsprechenden Aussendurchmesser aufweist bzw. die einen den Ausmassen der Packung entsprechenden Aussendurchmesser aufweist und die axial mittig zu den Schrotelementen mit der Schrotpackung fest verbunden ist.The US 873,347 , which forms a starting point for independent claim 1, discloses:
a scrap package comprising a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of scraping elements arranged in a sealed package, wherein the scraping elements are generally surrounded by a foil, the pellet pack having a powder charge separate from the pellet from a firing device, wherein at least a, is provided for the insertion opposite the powder charge disc, which has a dimensions of the Verschuß device corresponding outer diameter or which has a dimensions of the packing corresponding outer diameter and which is fixed axially to the Schrotementen with the shot packing.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Gummischrotpackung der eingangs genannten Art so fortzubilden, dass sich ein verbesserter Abschuss mit weniger Gasschlupf ergibt und gleichzeitig eine grössere Streuwirkung eintritt.Based on this prior art, the invention has the object, a rubber shot packing of the type mentioned in such a way that results in an improved launch with less gas slip and at the same time enters a larger scattering effect.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches 1 gelöst, wobei eine Gummischrotpackung eine vorbestimmte oder ungefähr vorbestimmte Anzahl von Hartgummielementen umfasst, die in einer dichten Packung angeordnet sind. Unter dem Begriff Hartgummielement versteht man auch einen Werkstoff mit einer bestimmten Härte, welches insbesondere auch beispielsweise einen Metallkern enthalten kann oder in einer Metall enthaltenenden Mischung vorliegt. Anstelle von Metall können auch andere Werkstoffe verwendet werden, die zu einer gröseren Dichte beitragen ohne die Härte zu sehr zu erhöhen. Dabei sind die Hartgummielemente insgesamt von einer Kunststofffolie umgeben. Solch eine Gummischrotpackung ist zum Verschiessen als Wirkladung mit einer von der Wirkladung getrennten Pulverladung vorgesehen. Dabei ist mindestens eine, für die Einführseite gegenüber der Pulverladung vorgesehene Scheibe angeordnet, die einen den Ausmassen des Verschussbechers entsprechenden Aussendurchmesser aufweist und die axial mittig zu den Hartgummielementen mit der Gummischrotpackung fest verbunden ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of independent claim 1, wherein a rubber crumb pack comprises a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of hard rubber elements arranged in a sealed package. The term hard rubber element is also understood to mean a material having a certain hardness, which may in particular also contain, for example, a metal core or is present in a mixture containing metal. Instead of metal, other materials can be used that contribute to a greater density without increasing the hardness to increase a lot. The hard rubber elements are surrounded by a plastic film. Such a rubber crumb pack is intended to be used as an active charge with a powder charge separate from the active charge. In this case, at least one, provided for the insertion opposite the powder charge disc is arranged, which has a dimensions of the Verschußbechers corresponding outer diameter and which is fixed axially centrally to the hard rubber elements with the Gummischrotpackung.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die Erfindung wird nun beispielhaft an einem Ausführungsbeispiel im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische, teilweise unterbrochene Seitenansicht einer Gummischrotpackung gemäss einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Fig. 2
eine schematische, teilweise unterbrochene Seitenansicht einer Gummischrotpackung gemäss einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Gummischrotpackung gemäss Fig. 2, und
Fig. 4
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hartgummielementes einer Gummischrotpackung nach Fig. 1 oder 2.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic, partially broken side view of a rubber crumb pack according to a first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2
a schematic, partially broken side view of a rubber crumb pack according to a second embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3
a schematic plan view of a rubber crumb according to Fig. 2 , and
Fig. 4
a perspective view of a hard rubber element of a rubber crumb after Fig. 1 or 2 ,

Ausführliche Beschreibung von AusführungsbeispielenDetailed description of exemplary embodiments

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische, teilweise unterbrochene Seitenansicht einer Gummischrotpackung 10 gemäss einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Die Gummischrotpackung 10 besteht hier beispielsweise aus fünf Lagen von Hartgummielementen 11. Die Fig. 4 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hartgummielementes 11 einer Gummischrotpackung 10 nach Fig. 1 oder 2. Die Hartgummielemente 11 nach den Ausführungsbeispielen sind sechseckig und oben und unten sind die Kanten abgerundet. Dadurch können sie ohne Zwischenräume aneinandergesetzt werden und sieben Hartgummielemente 11 bilden eine Lage.The Fig. 1 shows a schematic, partially broken side view of a rubber crumb pack 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The Gummischrotpackung 10 here consists for example of five layers of hard rubber elements 11. Die Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a hard rubber element 11 of a rubber crumb pack 10 after Fig. 1 or 2 , The hard rubber elements 11 according to the embodiments are hexagonal and above and below the edges are rounded. Thereby they can be put together without gaps and seven hard rubber elements 11 form a layer.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine Gummischrotpackung 10 gemäss Fig. 2. Gut ist die oberste Lage der sieben Hartgummielemente 11 zu erkennen. Zwischen den einander zugeneigten Aussenseiten zweiter benachbarter äusserer Hartgummielemente 11 ist jeweils ein Hartgummielement 11 der darunter befindlichen Lage zu erkennen, die um 30 Grad zu der obersten Lage verdreht ist. Natürlich können auch andere, zum Beispiel zylindrische Formen der Hartgummielemente 11 Verwendung finden. Dies gilt insbesondere für eine Packung 10 nach der Erfindung, wie sich nachher im Zusammenhang mit den Scheiben 20 ergeben wird.The Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a rubber crumb pack 10 according to Fig. 2 , Well, the top layer of the seven hard rubber elements 11 can be seen. Between the mutually inclined outer sides of second adjacent outer hard rubber elements 11, a hard rubber element 11 of the underlying layer can be seen in each case, which is rotated by 30 degrees to the uppermost layer. Of course, other, for example, cylindrical shapes of the hard rubber elements 11 may be used. This applies in particular to a pack 10 according to the invention, as will be described later in connection with the discs 20.

Eine ähnliche Packungsdichte kann auch mit Kugeln als Hartgummielemente 11 erreicht werden. Auch kann natürlich eine andere Anzahl an Lagen Verwendung finden. Der Durchmesser 12 der Packung 10 beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt 57 Millimeter, was dem Becherdurchmesser des zu benutzenden Gewehrs entspricht. Es sind aber auch andere Durchmesser sowohl insgesamt, beispielsweise 40 Millimeter, als auch der einzelnen Hartgummielemente 11 möglich.A similar packing density can also be achieved with balls as hard rubber elements 11. Of course, a different number of layers can be used. The diameter 12 of the package 10 in the illustrated embodiment is 57 millimeters, which corresponds to the cup diameter of the gun to be used. But there are also other diameters both total, for example 40 millimeters, as well as the individual hard rubber elements 11 possible.

Beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist über der ersten Lage der Hartgummielemente 11 eine Scheibe 20 angeordnet. Die Scheibe 20 ist eine runde Vollscheibe und kann beispielsweise eine Dicke zwischen 1 und 10 Millimeter, bevorzugt zwischen 3 und 6 Millimeter aufweisen. Sie ist aus einem leichten Werkstoff, beispielsweise aus Karton oder aus vorzugsweise vergleichsweise weichem Kunststoff, beispielsweise einer der verschiedenen PE-Arten oder PVC.In the first embodiment, a disc 20 is disposed above the first layer of the hard rubber elements 11. The disk 20 is a round solid disk and may for example have a thickness between 1 and 10 millimeters, preferably between 3 and 6 millimeters. It is made of a lightweight material, such as cardboard or preferably comparatively soft plastic, for example, one of the different types of PE or PVC.

Die Scheibe 20 weist im wesentlichen den Becherinnendurchmesser auf. Sie wird bei der Herstellung der Schrotpackung 10 nach Fig. 1 einmal oben und einmal unten zentriert auf die Lagen der Elemente 11 aufgelegt und anschliessend von einem Folienschlauch 13 abgedeckt, der nach Schrumpfung an der Schrotpackung 10 anliegt und diese als einstückig einzusetzendes Element ausgestaltet.The disc 20 essentially has the cup inside diameter. It is after the production of the pack 10 after Fig. 1 once top and bottom once centered on the layers of the elements 11 placed and then covered by a film tube 13, which rests after shrinkage on the shotgun pack 10 and designed this as an integral element to be used.

Dadurch, dass ein Schlauch 13 Verwendung findet, ergeben sich unten und oben im wesentlichen runde Öffnungen ohne Schlauchfolie, wie sie in der Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist, bei der davon ausgegangen wird, dass die Scheibe 20 durchsichtig ist.The fact that a hose 13 is used, arise at the bottom and top substantially round openings without tubular film, as shown in the Fig. 3 can be seen, in which it is assumed that the disc 20 is transparent.

Durch den Einsatz der Scheibe 20 wird einerseits verhindert, dass sich beim Verschiessen der Munition ein Gasschlupf zwischen den Kanten 14 der Hartgummielemente 11 ausbildet. Daneben ist es durch die den Becher im Durchmesser abdichtende Scheibe 20 auch nicht mehr möglich, dass Gas in den Übergangsräumen 16 entweicht.By the use of the disc 20 on the one hand prevents the formation of gas slippage between the edges 14 of the hard rubber elements 11 during the firing of the ammunition. In addition, it is no longer possible by the cup in the diameter sealing disc 20 that gas escapes in the transitional spaces 16.

Prinzipiell wäre es möglich, auch nur eine Scheibe 20 vorzusehen, wobei dann aber die Schrotpackung 10 richtungsorientiert in den Becher des Gewehrs einzuführen wäre, nämlich mit der Scheibe voran zur Pulverladung hin. Um dem Benutzer der Schrotpackung 10 diese Fehlermöglichkeit zu nehmen, sind vorzugsweise Scheiben auf beiden Seiten der Packung vorgesehen. Um dem Benutzer der Schrotpackung 10 dagegen die Wahl bezüglich des Streuverhaltens zu lassen, kann man auch nur eine Scheibe auf einer Seite der Packung vorsehen.In principle, it would be possible to provide only one disc 20, in which case, however, the shotgun package 10 would have to be introduced into the cup of the rifle in a directionally oriented manner, namely with the slice ahead towards the powder charge. To take the user of the shotgun 10 this possibility of error, preferably slices are provided on both sides of the pack. In contrast, to leave the user of the shotgun 10 the choice of scattering behavior, one can also provide only one slice on one side of the pack.

Beim Verschiessen werden diese Scheiben 20 zum einen schnell abgebremst. Zum anderen haben Versuche gezeigt, dass durch die Scheiben 20 die Lagen der Packung 10 nicht in der Länge auseinander gezogen worden sind, sondern sich eher in die Breite verteilt haben, was überraschenderweise zu einer erheblich besseren Streuwirkung geführt hat. Die Geschwindigkeit der Hartgummielemente 11 ist gleichmäßiger. Damit wird die Gefährlichkeit dieser nicht letalen Munition in Bezug auf schwere Verletzungen noch einmal vermindert. Es ist ausreichend, die einzelnen Hartgummielemente 11 und die Scheiben 20 aufeinanderzulegen und durch die Folie 13 zusammenhalten zu lassen.When shooting these discs 20 are slowed down for a fast. On the other hand, experiments have shown that the layers of the pack 10 have not been pulled apart in the length by the discs 20, but rather distributed in the width which, surprisingly, has led to a significantly better scattering effect. The speed of the hard rubber elements 11 is more uniform. This further reduces the danger of these non-lethal ammunition with respect to serious injuries. It is sufficient to superpose the individual hard rubber elements 11 and the discs 20 and to let them hold together by the film 13.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische, teilweise unterbrochene Seitenansicht einer Gummischrotpackung 10 gemäss einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Hier ist der Schrumpfschlauch 13 vorab um die Lagen der Hartgummielemente 11 herumgelegt worden. Erst anschliessend sind nun die zwei Scheiben 20 auf diese halbfertige Schrotpackung zentriert aufgelegt worden. Dann sind sie nach Fig. 2 auf den Schrumpfschlauch 13 und mittig auf das mittlere Hartgummielement aufgeklebt worden. Natürlich sind auch andere Befestigungsmöglichkeiten denkbar, so kann der Schrumpfschlauch 13 selber adhäsiv an der Scheibe anhaften, oder Schrumpfschlauch 13 und Kunststoffscheibe 20 werden verschweisst, beispielsweise durch Ultraschall. Es ist hier ebenfalls nur wesentlich, dass einerseits durch die mittige Öffnung des Schrumpfschlauchs 13 kein Gas durch die Lagen hindurchtreten kann und andererseits der Bereich zwischen Becherrand und seitlichem Verlauf des Schrumpfschlauchs 13 abgedeckt wird.The Fig. 2 shows a schematic, partially broken side view of a rubber crumb pack 10 according to a second embodiment of the invention. Here, the shrink tube 13 has been laid around the layers of hard rubber elements 11 in advance. Only then are now the two discs 20 have been placed centered on this semi-finished shotgun package. Then they are after Fig. 2 glued to the shrink tube 13 and centrally on the middle hard rubber element. Of course, other mounting options are conceivable, so the shrink tube 13 itself adhere adhesively to the disc, or shrink tube 13 and plastic disc 20 are welded, for example by ultrasound. It is also only essential here that on the one hand through the central opening of the shrink tube 13, no gas can pass through the layers and on the other hand, the area between the cup rim and lateral profile of the shrink tube 13 is covered.

Auch hier sind zwei Scheiben 20 an den gegenüberliegenden Enden sinnvoll, um eine symmetrische Schrotpackung zu erzeugen. Bei einem einfacheren Ausführungsbeispiel, insbesondere, wenn die Scheibe 20 eine bestimmte Farbe aufweist, die der Benutzer sofort als Einführseite erkennt, kann auch nur eine einzige Scheibe 20 verwendet werden.Again, two discs 20 at the opposite ends make sense to produce a symmetrical shotgun package. In a simpler embodiment, in particular, if the disc 20 has a certain color, which recognizes the user immediately as an insertion side, only a single disc 20 can be used.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
GummischrotpackungCrumb rubber packing
1111
HartgummielementHard rubber element
1212
Durchmesserdiameter
1313
Schlauchfolietubular film
1414
Kanteedge
1616
ÜbergangsraumTransition Room
2020
Scheibedisc

Claims (7)

  1. Rubber shot packing (10) comprising a predetermined or approximately predetermined number of hard rubber elements (11) that are arranged in a dense packing, the hard rubber elements (11) altogether being surrounded by a plastic film (13), wherein the rubber shot packing (10) can be fired from a firing cup with a powder charge that is separate from the rubber shot packing , wherein at least one disc (20) is arranged, intended for the insertion side with respect to the powder charge, having an outside diameter corresponding to the dimensions of the firing cup, or having an outside diameter corresponding to the dimensions of the packing, respectively, and being firmly connected to the rubber shot packing (10) axially centrally in relation to the hard rubber elements (11), and wherein the plastic film (13) is a tube, which shrinks when exposed to heat.
  2. Rubber shot packing (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that a disc (20) is provided on each side of the packing.
  3. Rubber shot packing (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plastic film (13) also surrounds the disc(s) (20).
  4. Rubber shot packing (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the disc(s) (20) in each case lie on the plastic film (13) and are fastened to the latter and/or to one of the hard rubber elements (11).
  5. Rubber shot packing (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the disc (20) in each case has a thickness of between 1 and 10 millimetres, with preference between 3 and 6 millimetres.
  6. Rubber shot packing (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the disc (20) is made of a soft plastic, in particular of a PE material, or of a cardboard material.
  7. Rubber shot packing (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the disc (20) is connected to the plastic film (13) by an adhesive and/or by ultrasonic welding.
EP07405205.1A 2006-08-03 2007-07-13 Rubber pellet package Active EP1884737B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07405205T PL1884737T3 (en) 2006-08-03 2007-07-13 Rubber pellet package

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH12492006 2006-08-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1884737A2 EP1884737A2 (en) 2008-02-06
EP1884737A3 EP1884737A3 (en) 2009-10-14
EP1884737B1 true EP1884737B1 (en) 2018-05-16

Family

ID=38508832

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07405205.1A Active EP1884737B1 (en) 2006-08-03 2007-07-13 Rubber pellet package

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20080141892A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1884737B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2680499T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE038695T2 (en)
PL (1) PL1884737T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8651024B2 (en) 2012-09-01 2014-02-18 Mark Bowen Shot packing method and related devices
US11519703B2 (en) * 2021-01-29 2022-12-06 Vista Outdoor Operations, LLC Multi-faceted shot

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US873347A (en) * 1907-06-10 1907-12-10 Union Metallic Cartridge Co Scatter-load for shot-shells.
US3209694A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-10-05 Garcia Juan Martinez Air gun cartridge
WO2001046639A1 (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-28 Sclafani Procopio J Non-lethal shot-gun round

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US487028A (en) * 1892-11-29 Vladislav ginalsky
US889644A (en) * 1907-11-23 1908-06-02 Geza Szemerey Attachment for guns.
US1830913A (en) * 1929-09-03 1931-11-10 Gerard T Segee Combination loaded shot shell
FR854954A (en) * 1939-05-19 1940-04-29 Concentrator device for hunting cartridges and embodiment of said device
US2343818A (en) * 1942-11-09 1944-03-07 Everett M Sweeley Multimissiled shotgun shell
US3190220A (en) * 1964-12-28 1965-06-22 Alcan Company Inc Shot receptacle
US3399622A (en) * 1967-05-22 1968-09-03 Ronald J. Houdek Reloadable shotgun shell device
US3952658A (en) * 1968-09-26 1976-04-27 Broyles Howard F Electrically fired superimposed projectile
BE759853A (en) * 1969-12-08 1971-06-04 Colt S Inc MULTIPLE PROJECTILE UNDER CALIBRATION SET
US3906859A (en) * 1971-08-30 1975-09-23 First Round Research Inc Penetration resistant projectile and cartridge for conventional firearms
US3877381A (en) * 1973-07-16 1975-04-15 James E Mccoy Shotgun pellet arrangement
FR2532742A1 (en) * 1982-09-02 1984-03-09 Lefebvre Jean Pascal PROTECTIVE CARTRIDGE FOR HUNTING RIFLE
US4656947A (en) * 1984-06-11 1987-04-14 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Rifle launched ammunition for mob dispersion
US4656946A (en) * 1984-06-11 1987-04-14 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Defence, Israel Military Industries Rifle launched ammunition for mob dispersion
US6202562B1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2001-03-20 Michael Brunn Method of preparing a low lethality projectile for flight
US6298788B1 (en) * 2000-07-07 2001-10-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Non-lethal modular crowd control munition
US6722283B1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Controlled terminal kinetic energy projectile
US7278357B2 (en) * 2004-04-08 2007-10-09 Keith Michael A Accuracy less lethal projectile
US7461597B2 (en) * 2004-04-28 2008-12-09 Combined Systems Inc. Waterproof cartridge seal

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US873347A (en) * 1907-06-10 1907-12-10 Union Metallic Cartridge Co Scatter-load for shot-shells.
US3209694A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-10-05 Garcia Juan Martinez Air gun cartridge
WO2001046639A1 (en) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-28 Sclafani Procopio J Non-lethal shot-gun round

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1884737A3 (en) 2009-10-14
US20080141892A1 (en) 2008-06-19
ES2680499T3 (en) 2018-09-07
PL1884737T3 (en) 2019-05-31
HUE038695T2 (en) 2018-11-28
EP1884737A2 (en) 2008-02-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0806623B1 (en) Spin stabilised carrier projectile
DE2756420C2 (en) Bullet with automatic splitting effect
DE2444488C2 (en) Practice floor
EP0423424B1 (en) Bomblet carrying missile with light training bomblets arranged in layers
EP1851503A1 (en) Bullet
DE3036463C2 (en)
EP0350572B1 (en) Splinter plate in front of an explosive charge
DE3137855C2 (en)
CH661792A5 (en) GUIDE ELEMENT FOR A SUB-CALIBRATE PROJECTILE.
DE3207220A1 (en) FLOOR ARRANGEMENT
DE2100489B2 (en)
DE3724491C2 (en) Explosive charge that releases a nucleus
DE734429C (en) Practice bullet with shortened trajectory
CH628978A5 (en) LOW-ARROW ARROW BULLET WITH A RESISTANCE-STABILIZING REAR PART.
EP1884737B1 (en) Rubber pellet package
CH628977A5 (en) FIN-stabilized missile with expandable control fins.
DE3403438A1 (en) BALLAST BODY
WO2021164961A1 (en) Penetrator and use of a penetrator
DE3737997A1 (en) Swirl-damped practice floor with selectable safety flight range
DE2807309C1 (en) Explosive charge with spiked or projectile-forming assignments
DE1578109A1 (en) Decay bullet
DE2227655A1 (en) LOWER CALIBER FLOOR
DE611842C (en) Incendiary bullet
DE2100482C3 (en) Arrangement on a floor or the like
DE2227656A1 (en) LOWER CALIBER FLOOR

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F42B 7/04 20060101AFI20090909BHEP

Ipc: F42B 5/03 20060101ALI20090909BHEP

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20100317

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20100503

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AXX Extension fees paid

Extension state: BA

Payment date: 20100317

Extension state: AL

Payment date: 20100317

Extension state: MK

Payment date: 20100317

Extension state: RS

Payment date: 20100317

Extension state: HR

Payment date: 20100317

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SALTECH AG

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170705

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20171115

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK RS

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502007016185

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 999978

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 12

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: RO

Ref legal event code: EPE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: ISLER AND PEDRAZZINI AG, CH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2680499

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20180907

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20180516

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180816

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HU

Ref legal event code: AG4A

Ref document number: E038695

Country of ref document: HU

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180817

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502007016185

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180713

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190219

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20180816

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180713

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180816

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180916

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230522

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Payment date: 20230629

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20230620

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230719

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20230926

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: CZ

Payment date: 20230703

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20230801

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20230720

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Payment date: 20230704

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: HU

Payment date: 20230721

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230725

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230719

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20230719

Year of fee payment: 17