EP1610639A1

EP1610639A1 - Unfoldable and foldable or fixed protective canopy structure

Info

Publication number: EP1610639A1
Application number: EP04722569A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jürgen GENDRIESCH; Jürgen Schubert; Alexander Prang
Original assignee: StructureLab GmbH
Current assignee: StructureLab GmbH
Priority date: 2003-03-31
Filing date: 2004-03-23
Publication date: 2006-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2024-03-23
Also published as: ATE339124T1; JP2006521850A; US7513267B2; US20070095374A1; WO2004086898A1; ES2273237T3; EP1610639B1; DE502004001491D1

Abstract

An umbrella has a shaft anchorable in or on the ground or in the air by an anchor and defining an axis and a canopy movable between an unfolded open position in which it is wavy and a folded position inclined to the axis, made of a preferably nonstretching membrane or fabric, formed of a whole number of polygonal sections with outer corners defining alternating high points and low points, traversed at a center by the shaft, centrally axially slidable along the shaft or centrally fixed on the shaft, and having an outer edge. An array of rods extending radially from and pivoted on the shaft extend in the open unfolded position from the shaft to the corners. These rods are wholly above the canopy and do not pass through the canopy.

Description

Foldable and foldable or permanently installed umbrella construction

The invention relates to collapsible and foldable umbrella constructions that can be used to protect against weather influences such as sun and / or rain, wherein any rainwater that may occur can be discharged to the outside due to the shape of the sail surface.

Umbrellas are known, the sail surface of which has the shape of a pointed tent with the top directed upwards or downwards, the sail surface, as in the case of so-called funnel umbrellas, can also be curved twice in opposite directions.

Primarily known are umbrellas that discharge rainwater to the outside. It should be noted, however, that the arms of these umbrellas that span the sail area are never completely above the sail area, but rather are arranged entirely or partially below the sail area. The arms of these umbrellas are usually held on a stick and spread by diagonals. They are also often subjected to bending.

Less known are umbrellas that discharge rainwater inside through the stem. Design variants with arms lying above and / or below are common here. Also known from patent DE 199 19 142 is an umbrella with a sail surface which has high and low points and is stretched from arms above and below the sail surface.

It is particularly disadvantageous here that the screen has a large overall height due to the basic geometry, the individual articulation points of the arms are at different heights, and the screen cannot therefore be folded up compactly at a low height. In addition, the construction elements under the sail area hinder use close to the ground, with the result that the sail area is stretched out

Condition is very high above the ground and therefore there is hardly any protection against the weather. The mechanics with pulleys and pull cables in the mast leading to a winch are prone to damage and complicated. In addition, the sail area has a central opening, which has a disadvantageous effect when it rains.

The invention is based on the problem of creating a collapsible and collapsible, possibly occurring rainwater leading to the outside of the umbrella structure, the spanned sail surface of which has an undisturbed appearance in the bottom view.

This problem is solved with the features listed in protection claim 1, that the arms spanning the sail area are only above the sail area and do not penetrate the sail area (FIG. 1)

With the invention it is achieved that the elegance of the sail area from the point of view of the people underneath comes into play to an extent previously unknown with umbrellas, and that the bottom view is thus in an extraordinary manner e.g. is suitable for printing and projections of any kind, especially advertising prints and advertising projections.

Umbrellas according to the invention can also be scaled as desired: it is possible, for example, to apply the principles formulated in the protection claims to large umbrellas with a base area of, for example, more than 100 m ² , to cafe umbrellas, to small umbrellas for private use and even to umbrellas. It is in the protection claims

- 2 to 19 advantageous design variants of the sail areas in their spatial shape,

20 to 26 advantageous design variants of the arms,

- 27 to 34 advantageous design variants of the opening and closing mechanisms, - 35 to 36 advantageous design variants of grouping and connecting several screens

- And 37 advantageous embodiment variants of Illuminieren described.

An embodiment according to protection claim 2 is advantageous because the sail surface takes on a wavy, curved shape, appears elegant and light and, with its double curvature, has a high degree of stability against external wind influences, which also increases its service life (Fig. 2).

An embodiment according to protection claim 3 is advantageous because the sail surface takes on a wavy, curved shape, looks elegant and light and, with its double curvature, has a high stability against external wind influences, which also increases its service life (Fig. 3). ^*

An embodiment according to protection claim 4 is advantageous, since the sail area takes on an alternately curved shape and a kinked shape at the bottom, has a striking effect due to the lines of the low arms and, with its guidance on the low arms and its double curvature in the fields, offers a high degree of stability against wind influences has (Fig. 4).

An embodiment according to protection claim 5 is advantageous because the sail area takes on an alternately bent shape and curved shape at the bottom, cut through the lines of the high arms, broken down into segments and one with its guidance on the high arms and its double curvature in the fields has high stability against external wind influences (Fig. 5).

An embodiment according to protection claim 6 is advantageous because the sail surface takes an alternately bent shape up and down, its folds have an extremely dynamic effect similar to a wind turbine and can be made from materials without special static properties (Fig. 6). An embodiment according to protection claim 7 is advantageous because the sail surface assumes a conical shape, has a particularly simple and simple effect and the rainwater that arises is evenly discharged to all sides (Fig. 7).

An embodiment according to claim 8 is advantageous because the sail surface takes a conical shape that is kinked along the lower arms, has a simple and reserved effect and can be made from materials without special static properties (Fig. 8). An embodiment according to protection claim 9 is advantageous because the sail surface assumes a wavy, curved shape, has a striking appearance due to its emphasized edges without losing its elegance and, with its edge guidance and double curvature, has a particularly high stability against external wind influences (Fig. 9 ).

An embodiment according to claim 10 is advantageous because the sail surface takes a wavy shape, has no sail corner points, because of its curved edge it looks exceptionally elegant and almost floating, so that it is suitable for installation as a free-standing sculpture and with its edge guide and double curvature has a particularly high stability against external wind influences (FIG. 10). An embodiment according to claim 11 is advantageous because the sail surface preferably appears like a wind turbine and thus the lightness of the construction is underlined (Fig. 11).

An embodiment according to protection claim 12 is advantageous because the appearance of the sail surface can be influenced in a targeted manner by shifting the sail axis point, is better drained by pulling up the sail axis point and has a higher stability against wind influences by fixing the sail axis point (Fig. 12).

An embodiment according to claim 13 is advantageous because the sail surface is preserved in its natural shape, can be sealed against rainwater at its sail axis point and has a higher stability against external wind influences due to the fixation of the sail axis point (Fig. 13). An embodiment according to protection claim 14 is advantageous since the sail surface appears more elegant by detaching from the umbrella axis, visibly adjusts itself in its natural form and does not require any complex fastening details at the sail axis point (FIG. 14).

An embodiment according to claim 15 is advantageous because the sail area without the piercing point of the stem looks particularly elegant, so that it is suitable for printing advertising in the middle, is particularly tight against rainwater in the middle and no reinforcements otherwise caused by a piercing point needed in the middle (Fig. 15).

An embodiment according to protection claim 16 is advantageous because the sail surface has a particularly striking effect, is particularly dimensionally stable and is statically relieved by the sewn-on belt straps or sewn-in pull cables (FIG. 16).

An embodiment according to protection claim 17 is advantageous because the sail surface is at the same time elegant and distinctive, is dimensionally stable and is statically relieved by the sewn-on belt straps or sewn-in pull cables (Fig. 17).

A version according to protection claim 18 is advantageous since the sail surface appears particularly elegant and does not have to be provided with additional belt straps or pulling ropes (FIG. 18).

An embodiment according to protection claim 19 is advantageous since the curved edges make the umbrella appear more elegant and the sail area can also be pre-tensioned by its edge (Fig. 19). A version according to protection claim 20 is advantageous because the screen has a more interesting design by separating the functions of high arms and low arms, has a wide range of options for clamping due to the additional degree of freedom, and also has points of the sail area that can be pulled down sharply in the case of high arms can (Fig.20).

An embodiment according to claim 21 is advantageous because the screen acts lighter due to the splitting of the tensile and compressive forces, is characterized at the end points of the arms held up by ropes by a particularly high tensile strength against downward vertical forces from gravity and wind and by Ropes can be stretched (Fig. 21).

An embodiment according to claim 22 is advantageous because the screen acts more compact due to the closer spatial guidance of the forces, is characterized by a certain elasticity at the end points of the arms held up by diagonals, which benefits the pretension of the sail area, and by the diagonals can be spanned (Fig. 22). An embodiment according to protection claim 23 is advantageous because the screen looks more elegant through the use of the static properties of the sail area, is characterized by a certain elasticity at the end points of the low arms held up by the sail area, in the area of its low arms by the static properties of the sail area can be spanned and requires fewer structural components (Fig. 23). An embodiment according to protection claim 24 is advantageous because the screen acts lighter due to the splitting of the tensile and compressive forces, is characterized at the end points of the arms braced downwards by cables by a particularly high tensile strength against upward vertical forces from wind pressure and suction and by Ropes can be pre-tensioned (Fig. 24).

An embodiment according to claim 25 is advantageous because the umbrella acts more compact due to the closer spatial guidance of the forces, is characterized by a certain elasticity at the end points of the arms braced down by diagonals, which benefits the pretension of the sail area, and by the diagonals can be preloaded (Fig. 25).

An embodiment according to protection claim 26 is advantageous because the glider looks more elegant due to the use of the static properties of the sail surface. End points of the arms braced downwards by the sail area are characterized by a certain elasticity, by means of which the static properties of the sail area can be prestressed and manage with less constructive components (FIG. 26).

An embodiment according to claim 27 is advantageous because the screen can be opened particularly easily due to the articulation of the articulated attachment and the associated lower lifting height of the arms, and due to the articulation of the articulation of all the arms, less space is required for closing, for example below standing tables do not hinder the closing of the umbrella, and no special ones

Must have tensile properties of the sail area, since all arms are already lifted up by the ropes or diagonals (Fig. 27).

An embodiment according to claim 28 is advantageous because the screen looks more elegant due to the ropes or diagonals not present on the lower arms, can be opened particularly easily due to the articulated fastening being lowered and the lower lifting height associated therewith, due to the articulated fastening being raised All arms need less space for closing, so that, for example, tables below do not hinder the closing of the umbrella, and use the existing traction of the sail area, so that no cables or diagonals are required for low arms (Fig. 28).

An embodiment according to protection claim 29 is advantageous since when using pressure diagonals it has a low overall height, since above the node the arm does not require a handle and no special one

Must have tensile properties of the sail area, since all arms are already lifted up by the ropes or diagonals (Fig. 29).

A version according to protection claim 30 is advantageous because the screen appears more elegant due to the cables or diagonals not present on the lower arms, and when using pressure diagonals it has a low overall height, since no arm is required above the node, and the existing tractive force uses the sail area so that no ropes or diagonals are required for low arms (Fig. 30).

An embodiment according to protection claim 31 is advantageous since the screen does not require any complex technology for moving the Umbrella tip or a sleeve is required when using pressure diagonals has a low overall height, since above the node the arm does not require a handle and does not have to have any special tensile properties of the sail area, since all arms are lifted up by the ropes or diagonals (Fig .31).

A version according to protection claim 32 is advantageous because the screen is more elegant due to the cables or diagonals not present on the lower arms, does not require any complex technology for moving the screen tip or a sleeve, and when using pressure diagonals it has a low overall height, since the arms are above the node no handle is required and uses the existing traction of the sail area, so that no ropes or diagonals are required for low arms (Fig. 32).

An embodiment according to claim 33 is advantageous since, in particular, umbrellas with high arms (31) and low arms (32) can be completely folded together (FIG. 33).

An embodiment according to protection claim 34 is advantageous, since the umbrella does not form any large folds in the folded state and therefore any rainwater that runs off runs better (Fig. 34).

A version according to protection claim 35 is advantageous, because the screens in the stringing result in an elegant structure, most of the rainwater is discharged to the outside, can also be used individually at any time or can be combined to form other formations, in which stringing together with mechanical connection is less susceptible to wind and a larger one , result in a coherent, rain-protected usable area, which is even free of masts when hanging below the sail areas (Fig. 35).

A version according to protection claim 36 is advantageous because the screens in the grouping result in an elegant structure, most of the rainwater is discharged to the outside, can also be used individually at any time or can be combined into other formations, the grouping is less susceptible to wind and a larger one when connected mechanically , result in a coherent, rain-protected usable area that is even free of masts when hanging below the sail areas (Fig. 36).

A version according to protection claim 37 is advantageous because the screen illuminated by lights has a particularly futuristic effect, can even be used as a light sculpture or light and because the sail area can be printed with advertising (Fig. 37).

All arms of the screen are basically arranged radially around the screen axis. This is advantageous since the forces occurring in the arms are derived directly into the screen axis and the arms articulated on the screen axis can be easily folded up.

All or more arms point downwards when the glider is open, the end point and the associated sail corner point of at least one arm being below the sail axis point. This is advantageous because any rainwater that may occur can be drained to the outside. '^

Particularly in the case of design variants with a conical sail surface, the longitudinal axes of the arms intersect the umbrella axis at a common point. In these variants, your endpoints are coplanar. The compact appearance and the symmetry of the forces is advantageous in these design variants. The arms of the umbrellas can be made straight or curved. Depending on the design variant, the ^' arms are mainly loaded under pressure or bending. The arms can be made specifically rigid or elastic become. By varying the properties of the arms, it is possible to optimally adapt the static system to the desired appearance of the respective umbrella variant.

The screens can describe any geometric shapes in their supervision (Fig. 38). In particular, shapes are possible in which the sail corner points are evenly distributed on a circle or an ellipse in the umbrella view, so that the sail area is preferably divided into segments with the same area dimension between each two sail corner points and the sail axis point. The "circular" screen is advantageous because the screen does not specify a spatial orientation and can be dimensioned efficiently due to the rotational symmetries. The "elliptical" screen is advantageous because the screen can emphasize a spatial direction and, due to its elongated shape, has a particularly dynamic and elegant effect , Shapes are also possible in which 4 + 4n sail corner points describe a square or a diamond or in which 4 + 2n sail corner points describe a rectangle. These shapes are advantageous because the respective umbrella can easily be placed next to one another with identical umbrellas and can strengthen a correspondingly structured spatial situation. "Circular" umbrellas with off-center sail axis point or "semicircular" umbrellas are also possible as special shapes _; An off-center sail axis point is particularly advantageous with a permanent umbrella that is oriented / inclined to the highest position of the sun. The "semicircular" screen is advantageous because it is particularly suitable for installation in front of walls.

The screens are preferably opened and closed with the aid of a threaded spindle, which is operated with a crank and interposed bevel gear. In a simplified version, it is possible to open and close the parasols with the help of pull lines. The opening and closing process can also be supported mechanically by hydraulics, an electric motor or a gas pressure spring. The mechanical design is advantageous because the canopy can be opened and closed at the push of a button, automatically closes in combination with a wind monitor in strong winds and can therefore be made slimmer.

The opening mechanism can also be favored by cantilevers. These spacers ensure that in the folded state of the screen there is a minimum opening angle between the arms and the cables or diagonals in order to be able to introduce the orthogonal force components necessary to open the screen into the arms. Depending on the opening mechanism, the arms or the ropes (Fig. 40) or diagonals required to open the arms are attached to the arms.

The spanned sail area can also be precisely re-tensioned using tensioning elements. Such tensioning elements, which are inserted between the sail corner points and the end points of the arms, also allow a sail surface to be subsequently retrofitted into the arms of the glider that have already been folded up.

The stem, which denotes that part of the mast on which all are necessary to open the screen

^' ' s static elements are directly or indirectly attached by a support structure or by a

Hanging structure kept. The support structure is preferably designed as a mast and placed on the ground in a mobile stand or a permanently installed anchor. The hanging construction reaches over the sail area and holds the umbrella from above. This construction, also known as a traffic light umbrella, is also placed on the floor in a mobile stand or on the floor or on the wall in a permanently installed anchor. It is advantageous to insert a joint between the handle and the support structure in order to be able to tilt the handle and thus the sail surface with the position of the sun. -. _. , _? _ _

Description of the figures

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 82. This is preceded by the figure “prior art”, which is already explained in detail on page 1 of this description.

1 shows the main claim of the patent: FIG. 1 shows an umbrella with arms (30) lying exclusively above the sail surface (10) in an isometric representation

Figures 2 to 29 advantageous design variants of the sail areas in their shape:

3 shows a wave-shaped design variant of the screen (a) isometrically from obliquely in front and (b) isometrically from diagonally above FIG. 4 shows an alternately curved and bent design variant of the screen (a) isometrically from diagonally in front and (b) isometrically from diagonally above 5 shows an alternately kinked and curved design variant of the umbrella

(a) isometric from diagonally in front and (b) isometric from diagonally above Figure 6 shows an alternating configuration of the screen which is bent upwards and downwards (a) isometrically from diagonally in front and (b) isometric from diagonally above ^•

7 shows a conical design variant of the screen

(a) isometric from obliquely in front and (b) isometrically from obliquely from above, FIG. 8 a conical configuration variant of the screen which is kinked along the lower arms, (a) isometrically from obliquely from the front and (b) isometrically from obliquely above, FIG of the umbrella

(a) with straight sail edge bars isometric from diagonally in front,

(b) with straight sail edge bars isometric from diagonally above,

(c) with curved sail edge rods isometric from diagonally forward and

(d) with curved sail edge rods isometric from obliquely above Fig. 10 a wavy curved variant of the umbrella without sail corner points

(a) with sail edge bow isometric from diagonally forward and

(b) Isometric isometric, diagonally from above, with sail edge bow

11 shows an embodiment variant of the screen that is broken down into sail area segments

(a) isometric from obliquely from the front, (b) isometric from obliquely from above, (c) isometric from obliquely from the front and (d) isometric from obliquely from above

Fig. 12 shows a variant of the umbrella, in which the sail area by its attachment to the

13 is an embodiment variant of the umbrella in which the sail surface is attached to the umbrella axis, but is not influenced in terms of its shape. FIG. 14 is an embodiment variant of the umbrella in which the sail surface is not attached to the umbrella axis and it FIG. 15 freely surrounds an embodiment variant of the umbrella, in which the sail area is not necessarily cut out in the region of the umbrella axis. FIG. 16 shows an embodiment variant of the umbrella, in which the sail surface is sewn along pull cables or Straps have straight crease lines

(a) Isometric from obliquely forward and (b) Isometric from obliquely above Fig. 17 shows a variant of the shield, in which the sail surface along sewn-on traction ropes or

Belt straps have curved fold lines (a) isometrically from obliquely in front and (b) isometrically from obliquely above

Fig. 18 shows an embodiment variant of the screen, in which the sail surface adjusts itself freely with regard to its shape

(a) Isometric from obliquely in front and (b) Isometric from obliquely above. FIG. 19 shows a variant of the screen in the top view with curved sail edges

FIGS. 20 to 26 advantageous design variants of the arms: FIG. 20 a design variant of the umbrella as an isometric drawing, in which high arms and low arms meet at different heights on the umbrella axis; FIG. 21 a design variant of the umbrella, in which several or all arms are held up by ropes become

(a) Isometric using the example of a wavy-curved screen (b) Isometric using the example of a folded-conical screen

Fig. 22 shows a variant of the screen in which several or all of the arms are held up by diagonals

(a) Isometric using the example of a wave-shaped curved screen

(b) isometric using the example of a folded-conical umbrella Fig. 23 shows a variant of the umbrella as an isometric drawing, in which several or all of the low arms are held up by the sail area. Fig. 24 shows a variant of the umbrella as an isometric drawing, in which several or all arms are held Ropes are braced downwards Fig. 25 a variant of the screen as an isometric drawing, in which several or all arms are braced downwards by diagonals

Fig. 26 shows a variant of the screen as an isometric drawing, in which several or all of the arms are braced downward by the sail surface

FIGS. 27 to 34 advantageous design variants of the opening and closing mechanisms:

27 shows a variant of the screen as isometric sequences, in which the screen is opened by moving the arms down on the screen axis, in the sequence

(a), (b) and (c) all arms are raised by ropes

(d), (e) and (f) all arms are lifted up by diagonals

(g), (h) and (i) all arms are lifted up by diagonals. Fig. 28 shows a variant of the screen as isometric sequences, in which the screen is opened by moving the arms down on the screen axis, in the sequence

(a), (b) and (c) all high arms are lifted up by ropes,

(d), (e) and (f) all high arms are lifted up by diagonals, and all low arms follow the traction of the sail area 29 shows a variant of the screen as isometric sequences, in which the screen is opened by raising the ropes or diagonals on the screen axis, all the arms being raised up by diagonals in sequence (a), (b) and (c) (d), (e) and (f) all arms are lifted up by ropes (g), (h) and (i) all arms are lifted up by diagonals

30 is a variant of the design of the screen as an isometric sequence, in which the screen is opened by raising the ropes or diagonals on the screen axis, all the arms being raised up by diagonals in sequence (a), (b) and (c) Fig. 31 shows a variant of the umbrella as an isometric sequence, in which the umbrella is opened by shortening all the ropes, with all arms in sequence (a), (b) and (c) Figure 32 shows a variant of the umbrella as an isometric sequence in which the umbrella is opened by shortening all the ropes, in sequence (a), (b) and (c) all the arms are raised by means of ropes 33 and all low arms are pulled by the tractive force of the sail area, Fig. 33 is a variant of the design with marked lengths of the diagonals and their points of attack on the high arms and low arms (a) isomet risch (b) cut

34 shows an embodiment variant of the screen in section with a common attachment of the arms and the sail axis point to the sleeve -

FIGS. 35 to 36 advantageous design variants of grouping several screens:

35 shows a variant of the screen as an isometric drawing, in which several screens are assembled into loosely connected rows

Fig. 36 shows a variant of the screen as an isometric drawing, in which four screens are assembled loosely connected to form a square

FIG. 37 advantageous variants of the illumination:

37 shows a variant of the screen illuminated from below as an isometric drawing; FIGS. 38 to 43 selected other examples

38 shows an embodiment variant of the screen in the top view

(a) with a circular geometry

(b) with an elliptical geometry

(c) with a square geometry (d) with a diamond-shaped geometry

(e) with a rectangular geometry

(f) with an off-center sail axis point ■ (g) with a semicircle-like geometry 39 shows an embodiment variant of the screen in isometric view

(a) and (b) with curved arms Fig. 40 as a selected example, a wavy-curved umbrella held by a mast, the high arms of which are held by cables as an isometry of the overall umbrella Fig. 41 as a selected example a wavy-folded umbrella by a Mast held umbrella, whose

Raised arms are held as isometry of the overall screen with indicated

Opening sequence Fig. 42 an embodiment variant of the stem of the umbrella in section Fig. 43 an embodiment variant of an arm of the umbrella in section Figures 1 to 37 listed below refer directly to the respective patent claims 1 to 37 with their numbering:

Fig. 1 shows the basic principle of the invention in an isometric representation. An arbitrarily shaped sail area (10) is spanned by arms (30) lying exclusively above the sail area, here differentiated according to high arms (31) and low arms (32). Fig. 3 shows two isometries of a wave-shaped design variant of the glider or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail area (10) is alternately spanned by high points (34) and low points (35). Fig. 4 shows two isometries, one alternately swung upwards and bent downwards

Design variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is alternately pulled up from high points (34) and pressed down by low arms (32). Along the low arms (32), the sail surface (10) each has a crease line. Fig. 5 shows two isometries, one alternately folded up and folded down

Design variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is pulled alternately from low points (35) downwards and from high arms (31) upwards. Along the high arms (31), the sail surface (10) each has a kink line.

Fig. 6 shows two isometries of an alternately bent up and down design variant of the glider or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is pressed or pulled alternately by the upper arms (31) and lower arms (32). Along the high arms (31) and low arms (32), the sail surface (10) each has a kink line. Fig. 7 shows two isometries of a conical design variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is pulled upwards at the sail axis point (13) in the direction of the screen axis (1) and downwards and outwards from low points (35). FIG. 8 shows two isometries of a conical configuration variant of the glider or its sail surface (10) that is bent along the low arms. It can be clearly seen that the sail area (1) is spanned by low arms (32). Along the low arms (32), the sail surface (10) each has a crease line.

FIG. 9 shows two isometries of two further wave-shaped design variants of the glider or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is spanned by alternately inclined sail edge bars (15). The sail edge rods (15) can be straight or curved. The arms (30) do not immediately span the sail area (10). 10 shows two isometries of a wave-shaped design variant of the screen or _ _ - - its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is spanned by a circularly closed, elastic, upward and downward swinging edge of the sail (16) and has no sail corner points. The arms (30) do not immediately span the sail area (10). FIG. 11 shows two isometries of two design variants of the glider or its sail area (10), which are broken down into sail area segments. It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) is dissolved in a configuration variant similar to a wind turbine. Open and closed segments alternate. In the other embodiment variant, several adjacent segments are opened. The remaining sail area (10) is stretched back over the sail edge rope (14) of the open fields. It can be clearly seen that the sail axis point (13) is fastened in the area of the umbrella axis (1) in such a way that the shape of the sail surface (10) is influenced. In the case shown, the sail surface is pulled up along the umbrella axis (1). FIG. 13 shows the isometry of an embodiment variant of the screen or its sail axis point (13). It can be clearly seen that the sail axis point (13) is fastened in the area of the screen axis (1), the

Shape of the sail area (10) is not affected. The sail axis point (13) corresponds to the natural resting point of the sail area (10). 14 shows the isometric view of a variant of the design of the screen or its sail axis point (13). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface is cut out at the sail axis point (13) and freely surrounds the umbrella axis (1). The sail axis point (13) corresponds to the natural resting point of the sail area (10).

15 shows the isometric view of an embodiment variant of the screen or its sail axis point (13). It can be clearly seen that the sail area is not necessarily cut out in the area of its sail axis point (13), since the stem (20) already ends above the sail area (10) and is held from above. The sail axis point (13) corresponds to the natural resting point of the sail area (10). 16 shows two isometries of an embodiment variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) has a straight fold line on the direct connecting lines between the sail corner points (12) and the sail axis point (13). This is caused by strong pre-tensioned sewn-on straps or sewn-in pull cables. 17 shows two isometries of an embodiment variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail area (10) on the direct connecting lines between the

Sail corner points (12) and the sail axis point (13) has a curved crease line. This is caused by slightly pre-tensioned sewn-on straps or sewn-in pull cables. 18 shows two isometries of an embodiment variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail surface (10) has a wavy, curved shape and also on the direct connecting lines between the sail corner points (12) and the sail axis point

(13) has no crease line. Neither webbing straps nor traction ropes are sewn into the sail area. 19 shows the top view of an embodiment variant of the umbrella or its sail area (10). The sail edge (11) connecting two sail corner points (12) is curved.

20 shows the isometric view of a variant of the shield or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that the high arms (31) and low arms (32) meet the screen axis (1) at different heights. The higher arms (30) reach steeper over the sail area (10) and reach without Sail area (10) to affect the low points (35).

Fig. 21 shows two isometries of an embodiment variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that in the first isometry several but not all arms, in the example shown, high arms

(31), held up by ropes. In the second isometry, all the arms of the screen, in the example shown, low arms (32), are held up by ropes.

Fig. 22 shows two isometries of a variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that in the first isometry several but not all arms, in the example shown, high arms

(31), held up by diagonals. In the second isometry, all of the arms of the

Umbrella, in the example shown low arms (32), held up by diagonals. Fig. 23 shows the isometric view of an embodiment variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that all low arms are kept at the top by the static properties of the sail surface.

The sail area (10) in turn is held up by ropes in this example.

Fig. 24 shows the isometry of an embodiment variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that several low arms (32) are braced downwards by ropes. Fig. 25 shows the isometry of an embodiment variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that several arms (30) are braced downwards by diagonals.

Fig. 26 shows the isometric view of a design variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that several arms (30) are braced downwards by the static properties of the sail surface (10). Fig. 27 shows isometric sequences of two design variants of the screen or its opening and

Closing mechanisms. In the first 3 representations it can be clearly seen that by moving down a sleeve (25) to which all the arms (30) of the umbrella are articulated, the umbrella is opened. The length of the ropes between the handle (20) and the end points (33) of the arms (30) is constant. In the following 3 representations, the umbrella opens by lowering the stem tip (21), to which all arms (30) of the umbrella are articulated. Here the length of the diagonals (43) remains unchanged.

Fig. 28 shows isometric sequences of two design variants of the screen or its opening and closing mechanisms. The first 3 representations clearly show that the umbrella is opened by moving down a sleeve (25) to which all the arms (31) of the umbrella are articulated. The length of the ropes between the handle (20) and the high points (34) is constant. In the following 3 representations, the umbrella opens by lowering the stem tip (21), to which all the arms (31) of the umbrella are articulated. Here the length of the diagonals (43) remains unchanged. It is also clearly visible that in both design variants the low arms (32) are pulled up by the static properties of the sail surface (10). Fig. 29 shows isometric sequences of two design variants of the screen or its opening and closing mechanisms. It can be clearly seen in all the representations that the screen extends through the

Raising the stem tip (21), with which all arms (30) are connected via diagonals (43) or ropes (40), opens. The length of the diagonals (43) or the ropes (40) between the handle (20) and the arms (30) is constant. 30 shows the isometric sequence of an embodiment variant of the screen or its opening and. Closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen in the illustrations that the screen extends through the

Raising a sleeve (25), with which all arms (31) are connected via diagonals (43), opens. The Length of the diagonals (43) between the stem (20) and the arms (30) is constant. It is clearly visible that the deep arms (32) are pulled up by the static properties of the sail surface (10). Fig. 31 shows the isometric sequence of an embodiment variant of the screen or its opening and closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen in the illustrations that the screen opens by shortening the cables (40) to which all the arms (30) of the screen are attached.

Fig. 32 shows the isometric sequence of an embodiment variant of the screen. its opening and

Closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen that the screen opens by shortening the ropes (40) to which all the arms (31) of the screen are attached. It is also clearly visible that the low arms (32) are pulled up by the static properties of the sail surface (10). Fig. 33 shows an isometric view and section of a design variant of the screen or its opening and

Closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen that the sum of the length a1 of the high arm (31) from the stem (20) to the points of attack of the diagonal (43) and ^" from the length d1 of the associated diagonal (43) is equal to the sum of the length a2 of the Low arm (32) from the stem (20) to the point of attack of the diagonal (43) and from the length d2 of the associated diagonal (43) Fig. 34 shows a section of a design variant of the screen or its opening and closing mechanism. It can be clearly seen that the arms (30) and the sail surface (10) are attached with their sail axis point (13) to a common sleeve (25), which means that they are moved together along the umbrella axis (1) when the umbrella is opened and closed ,

Fig. 35 shows the isometry of an embodiment variant of the screen or a screen group. It can be clearly seen that several umbrellas can be put together in loosely connected rows. In the example shown, umbrellas are used that only have high points (34) in the middle of the common edges, so that any rainwater that may occur is drained outward primarily through the corners formed as low points (35). Fig. 36 shows the isometric view of an embodiment variant of the screen or a screen group. It is clearly recognizable that four screens can be put together to form loosely connected squares.

In the example shown, umbrellas are used which have two high arms (31) and two low arms (32). The umbrellas are each aligned with a high arm (31) to the common center, so that any rainwater that may occur is mainly discharged to the outside via the low points (35).

Fig. 37 shows the isometry of an embodiment variant of the screen or a screen group. It can be clearly seen that lights (60) are installed on the handle (20) or the holding structure (50), with the aid of which the sail surface (10) can be illuminated.

By means of the following figures 38 to 43, the screen is further explained using selected examples:

Fig. 38 shows the top view of various design variants of the glider or its sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the sail corner points (12) describe a wide variety of geometric shapes when viewed from above. Fig. 39 shows two isometries of an embodiment variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that all arms (30) are made curved. Fig.40 ^■ isometric view showing a screen with a wave-shaped curved canopy (10) and alternating high points (34) and low points (35), the sail surface having a square basic shape when viewed from above. All the high arms (31) and low arms (32) are connected in an articulated manner to a sleeve (25) which can be displaced on the stem (20). The sail surface (10) is also firmly connected at its sail axis point (13) to the lower region of this sleeve (25). The high arms (31) are held at the top by ropes (40) which connect the end points (33) of the high arms (31) to a boom (28) attached to the handle tip (21). The low arms (32) are in turn pulled upwards by the sail edges (11) which connect high points (34) and low points (35). Due to the tensile strength of the sail surface (10) in the connecting line between the umbrella axis (1) and the low point (35), a self-contained balance of forces is created, which stabilizes the umbrella. In this case, the sail area (10) takes on static properties due to sewn-on webbing straps, integrated pulling ropes, etc. and is particularly stable in terms of wind and shape due to the oppositely curved shape. The stick (20) is designed as a mast in the example shown. When the screen is moved together, the sleeve (25) which can be moved on the handle (20) is moved upwards. This causes the high arms (31) and with you the low arms (32) to move downwards. The sleeve (25) is moved upwards on the handle until the ropes (40) attached to the extension arm (28) are vertical and thus parallel to the screen axis

(1) and there is a positive starting angle between the axes of the high arm (31) and the rope (40), which makes it easier to open the umbrella or only makes it possible. When unfolding, the sleeve is moved downwards, causing the high arms (31) with their high points (34) to move upward and also pulling the low arms (32) upward through the sail edge (11) and / or the sail edge ropes (14) until the pulling action between the screen axis (1) and the low points (35) begins. It is particularly noteworthy that the closing of the screen by raising the sleeve (25) also works with tables below it, because the sleeve (25) also moves the arms (30) upwards. When opened, they are moved down again and ensure good sun protection due to the short distance to the floor. It should also be emphasized that when closing with the sleeve, the sail surface (10) is also pulled upwards at its sail axis point (13), so that the umbrella, when closed, only folds at a slight fold. Fig. 41 shows the isometry of a screen with an alternately bent up and down

Sail area (10). It can be clearly seen that the low arms (32) are braced downwards by a rope (40) to the handle (20). Fig. 42 shows the section of a variant of the shade or its stem (20). It can be clearly seen that a threaded spindle (22) with a spindle nut (29) is arranged within the handle (20). Pins connect the spindle nut (29) with a sleeve (25) through vertical slots in the handle (20), which can now be moved to open the screen. Fig. 43 shows the section of a design variant of the screen or its arms (30). It can be clearly seen that the arm (30) has a piping profile in which the sail surface (10) is guided. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

umbrella axis

10 sail area

11 sail edge

12 sail corner point

13 sail axis point

14 sail ropes

15 sail edge bar

16 sail edge bow

17 sail intermediate piece

20 stem

21 stem tip

22 threaded spindle

23 crank

24 bevel gearboxes

25 sleeve

28 outriggers

29 spindle nut

30 arm

31 high arm

32 deep arm

33 end point

34 high point

35 low point

40 rope

43 diagonal

46 tensioning element

50 support structure

51 support structure

52 hanging construction

60 lamp

For the sake of completeness, all designations, including those used in the figures, are explained:

The umbrella axis (1) denotes the immaterial, geometric axis of the umbrella or its stem (20). Most designs have rotational symmetries around this screen axis (1). The sail area (10) denotes the material area that is spanned directly or indirectly by the arms (30). It preferably consists of foils, textile materials or other membranes and is used, for example, for sun protection and / or rain protection and / or as a reflection surface. The sail edge (11) delimits the sail area (10) with an edge to the outside. The sail edge (11) can be made stronger if there are static requirements.

The sail corner point (12) denotes a material point on the sail edge (11) at which an arm (30) of the umbrella pulls the sail surface (10) outwards. The sail axis point (13) denotes the intangible geometric intersection of the umbrella axis (1) with the sail surface (10).

The sail edge rope (14) denotes a pull rope which is guided outside the sail area (10), connects adjacent end points (33) of the arms (30) of the umbrella and relieves the sail edge (11) in static terms.

The sail edge rods (15) designate rods which are combined into a closed chain and are defined at their end points, the joints, by arms (30) in their position and span the sail surface.

The sail edge bow (16) denotes a preferably elastic rod which is closed to form a ring, which is defined at certain points by arms (30) in its position and which spans the sail surface (10).

The sail intermediate pieces (17) denote small sail areas (10) with which gaps between adjacent umbrellas can be closed. The stem (20) denotes the section of the mast to which all the static elements required to open the screen are attached directly or indirectly, fixedly or displaceably. Those sections of the mast which carry the stem are not referred to as the stem (20). They are referred to as a holding structure (50), a supporting structure (51) or a hanging structure (52). However, the stem (30) and support structure (51) can be made from a continuous round tube, i.e. together as a "mast". The stem tip (21) denotes the upper or lower, free end of the stem (20). The stem tip can, if required for the opening and closing mechanism, as a telescope from the stem ( 20) can be extended.

The threaded spindle (22) denotes a threaded rod which is guided within the handle (20), preferably operated via a bevel gear (24) with crank (23), and the components which can be moved for opening and closing the screen, such as the tip of the handle (21) or the sleeve (25). The crank (23) is inserted into the bevel gear (24) or other mechanical components with a similar function to open and close the screen. It is preferably not firmly connected to the screen.

The bevel gear (24) is actuated by means of a crank (23) and moves the components responsible for opening and closing the screen via the rotation of the threaded spindle (22). The bevel gear (24) is preferably arranged within the stem (20)

^'■ 3 The sleeve (25) designates a movable mechanical member at the handle (20), on which the arms (30), ropes (40) or diagonals (43) are attached. By moving the sleeve (25), the screen opens and closes. Deviating from the colloquial usage, a sleeve (25) is also referred to here as a component which can be moved along the screen axis (1) and to which the diagonals (43) are fastened and which does not require an opening in the screen axis (1), since it ends at the top Stem (20) does not surround and is only connected to it via a pull rope. The arms (28) designate spacers attached directly or indirectly, fixedly or displaceably to the stick (20), to which the arms (30), the ropes (40) or diagonals (43) are fastened with the objective, in the folded state of the screen, over a small opening angle between the arms (30) on the one hand and the ropes (40) or the diagonals ( 43) on the other hand, in order to facilitate the opening of the screen.

The spindle nut (29) denotes the mechanical component within the handle (20), which can be moved up and down in the direction of the screen axis (1) by turning the threaded spindle (22). With the help of the spindle nut (29), for example, the sleeve (25) or the stem tip (21) are moved.

The arms (30) denote the articulated and radially extending from the screen axis (1) pressure rods, which stretch the sail surface (10) directly or indirectly. The arms (30) are held by ropes (40), diagonals (43) and / or the tensile forces of the sail area (10) in their position for stretching the sail area (10). Depending on the design variant, the arms (30) are loaded to bend and, if necessary, curved.

The high arms (31) denote those arms (30) which pull the sail surface (10) directly ^' or indirectly upwards. Depending on the design variant, the arms (31) are inclined at any angle starting from the screen axis (1).

The low arms (32) denote those arms (30) which pull the sail surface (10) down directly or indirectly. The low arms (32) are always inclined downwards from the screen axis (1). The end points (33) denote the outer, i.e. the material ends of the arms (30) facing away from the screen axis (1). The sail corner points (12) are usually attached to the end points (33).

The high points (34) denote the outer, i.e. the material ends of the arms (31) facing away from the screen axis (1). They also denote the upward-pointing nodes of adjacent sail edge bars (15).

The low points (35) denote the outer, i.e. the material ends of the low arms (32) facing away from the screen axis (1). They also denote the downward pointing nodes of adjacent sail edge bars (15).

The ropes (40) denote traction ropes which connect the end points (33) to the stick (20) or the brackets (28).

The diagonals (43) denote material pressure rods and / or traction cables, which connect any points of the arms (30) with the handle (20) or the arms (28).

The tensioning elements (46) denote turnbuckles which can be inserted between the sail corner points (12) and the end points (33) of the arms (30). The tensioning elements are particularly suitable for umbrella groups in order to be able to hang in and tension a continuous sail area (10) after the arms (30) have been unfolded.

The support structure (50) denotes the static component which holds the handle (20), i.e. which connects the handle (20) down to the floor or which grips the handle (20) from above and connects to the floor or a wall with a construction which extends over the screen. The support structure (51) denotes a static component which holds the handle (20) and connects it to the floor. The simplest execution of a support structure (51) is a mast.

The hanging structure (52) denotes a static component which grips the handle from above over the screen.

The lights (60) preferably denote spotlights or projectors with which the sail surface (10) can be illuminated. With the help of the lights (60) the screens can be staged or advertised.

Claims

claims

1. Foldable and collapsible umbrella construction, which can be used to protect against weather influences such as sun and / or rain, whereby any rainwater that may occur can be discharged to the outside due to the shape of the sail area, characterized in that the arms (10) spanning the sail area (10) 30) are only above the sail surface (10) and do not penetrate the sail surface (10).

2. Umbrella construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the umbrella construction has a stem (20) that can be anchored in the ground or held on the ground or in the air by a support structure (51), a wave-like curved, fabric or membrane-like, preferably tensile strength in the unfolded state, have an integral, polygonal base area, with alternating high points (34) and low points (35) describing sail corner points (12), approximately penetrated in the middle by a handle (20), preferably firmly connected to the handle (20) at this penetration point, or else freely movable in the direction of the vertical umbrella axis (1) and bounded by a sail edge (11) extending in the unfolded state inclined to the umbrella axis (1), and one or more radially articulated on the handle (20), each unfolded in the unfolded state Handle (20) to the sail corner point (12) extending arms (30).

3. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail area (10) can be spanned by an even total number 2n at high points (34) and low points (35), so that the sail area (10) has n high points (34) and n low points (35), which are arranged alternately on the sail edge (11) of the stretched sail area (10) and produce a wavy, curved shape of the sail area (10), the high points (34) the sail area (10) outwards and upwards pull and the low points (35) pull the sail area (10) outwards and downwards.

4. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail area (10) can be stretched from an even total number 2n at high points (34) and low arms (32) and has n high points (34) and n low arms (32), which are arranged alternately around the screen axis (1) and produce an alternately curved and bent form of the sail surface at the top, the high points (34) being arranged on the sail edge (11) of the sail surface (10) and the sail surface (10) upwards pull, and wherein the low arms (32) are preferably connected over their entire length, in particular by a piping profile, to and / or touch the sail surface (10) and press the sail surface (10) downward.

5. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail area (10) can be spanned by an even total number 2n of high arms (31) and low points (35) and has n high arms (31) and n low points (35), which alternate around the screen axis (1)

'S are arranged and produce an alternately bent and curved shape of the sail area at the top, the high arms (31) preferably being connected to and / or touching the sail area (10) over their entire length, in particular by a piping profile, and / or touching the sail area (10 ) pull upwards, and the low points (35) are arranged on the sail edge (11) of the sail surface (10) and press the sail surface (10) downwards.

6. Screen construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail area (10) can be guided on an even total number 2n of high arms (31) and low arms (32) and has n high arms (31) and n low arms (32) which are alternately arranged around a handle (20) and generate an alternately upward and downward bent shape of the sail area (10), all the high arms (31) and low arms (32) lying above the sail area (10) and punctually or over their entire length, in particular by means of a piping profile with the sail area (10 ) are connected and / or touch them and alternately pull the sail surface (10) up and push it down.

7. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail surface (10) from any number n of low points (35) can be stretched, the geometric intersection of the sail surface (10) with the umbrella axis (1), the so-called Sail axis point (13), is pulled upwards, so that a conical shape of the sail surface (10) is established.

8. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail area (10) can be guided at any number n of low arms (32), the low arms (32) selectively or over their entire length, in particular by a piping profile with the sail area (10) are connected and / or touch them, so that a conical shape of the sail surface (10) is formed which is kinked along the low arms (32).

9. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail surface (10) can be spanned by an even number n of sail edge bars (15), the sail edge bars (15) being connected at certain points or over their entire length to the sail edge (11) are and with their changing inclinations cause a wavy shape of the sail surface (10).

10. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail surface (10) from a preferably elastic, closed to a ring sail edge arch (16) can be stretched, the sail edge arch (16) punctually or over its entire length with the sail edge ( 11) is connected and with its changing inclinations causes a wave-shaped shape of the sail surface (10).

11. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one segment of the sail surface (10) is replaced by a sail edge rope (14).

12. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail surface (10) can additionally be clamped by fastening the sail axis point (13) on the stem (20) or on a sleeve (25), the shape of the sail surface (10) being the height of the sail axis point (13) on the stem (20) or the sleeve (25) can be influenced.

13. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stretched sail area (10) in the area of the stem (20) with respect to its height ^' on the stem (20) adjusts freely according to the tension of the sail area (10), the sail area (10) at the sail axis point (13) is tightly connected to the handle (20) and / or the sleeve (25).

14. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the stretched sail surface (10) in the area of the stick (20) adjusts itself freely with respect to its height on the stick (20) according to the tension of the sail surface (10), the sail surface (10) being cut or manufactured at the sail axis point (13) is that it only touches or freely surrounds the stem (20) and / or the sleeve (25).

15. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stretched sail surface (10) in the area of the umbrella axis (1) with respect to its height on the umbrella axis (1) adjusts freely according to the tension of the sail surface (10), the stem (20) is held from above and ends above the sail area (10), so that the sail area (10) is not cut out in the area of the intersection with the umbrella axis (1) and only touches the stem (20) from below or a distance from it has him.

16. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting line within the sail area (10) between a sail corner point (12) and the umbrella axis (1) due to sewn-on webbing straps or sewn-in pull cables with negligible forces from the sail area (10) Forms a straight line so that the sail surface (10) has a kink along the connecting straight line between the sail corner points (12) and the screen axis (1).

17. Screen structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting line within the canopy surface (10) between a Segeleckpunkt (12) and the umbrella axis (1) as a result of sewn-on webbing or sewn-tension cables in not negligible forces from ^■ the canopy ( 10) forms a curve so that the sail surface (10) has a kink along the connection curve between the sail corner points (12) and the screen axis (1).

18. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting line within the sail area (10) between a sail corner point (12) and the umbrella axis (1) adjusts itself freely according to the static properties of the sail area (10), so that the sail area (10) has no kink along the connecting line between the sail corner point (12) and the screen axis (1).

19. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail edge (11) forms a curve in the umbrella view, so that the sail surface (10) can be tensioned along its sail edge (11) when reinforced.

20. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the open state of the umbrella, the longitudinal axes of all arms (31) meet at a common height in the region of the umbrella axis (1) and the longitudinal axes of all. Low arms (32) meet at a different common height in the area of the umbrella axis (1), so that the longitudinal axes of the high arms (31) and the low arms (32) intersect the umbrella axis (1) at different points.

21. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the open state of the umbrella several or all arms (30) by ropes (40), which are stretched between the end points (33) and the stem (20) in their required position for the open umbrella are held up.

22. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the opened state of the umbrella several or all arms (30) by diagonals (43) which absorb compressive or tensile forces and are preferably articulated between the arms (30) and the handle (20) disposed are held up in their required position for the open umbrella.

23. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the opened state of the umbrella several or all of the low arms (32) are reinforced by the static properties of the sail surface (10) or held up by high arms (31) and by high arms (31) its accompanying elements, in particular the sail edge (11), the sail edge rods (15), the

The sail edge bow (16) or the sail edge ropes (14) are held in their position required for the open umbrella.

24. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the opened state of the umbrella several or all arms (30) by ropes (40), which are stretched between the end points and the stem (20) in their for the opened umbrella required position are clamped down.

25. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the opened state of the umbrella several or all arms (30) by diagonals (43) which absorb compressive or tensile forces and are preferably articulated between the arms (30) and the handle (20) are arranged, are clamped down into their position required for the open umbrella.

26. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the opened state of the umbrella, several or all of the arms (30) due to the static properties of the sail surface (10) reinforced by means of webbing or ropes or their accompanying elements, in particular the sail edge (11 ), the sail edge rods (15), the sail edge bow (16) or the sail edge ropes (14), are clamped down into their position required for the open parasol (Fig. 26).

27. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the umbrella is clamped by an opening and closing mechanism in which a sleeve (25) or an extendable telescopic handle tip (21) on which all arms (30) of the umbrella are articulated, moved downward in the direction of the umbrella axis (1), so that all arms (30) including the sail surface (10) attached to these arms (30) by ropes (40) and / or diagonals (43) be pushed or pulled into their required position for the open canopy until the sail area (10) is completely open and the overall system due to the limitations resulting from the static properties and the geometry of the sail area (10) or its accompanying elements, in particular the Sail edge (11), the sail edge rods (15), the sail edge bow (16) or the sail edge ropes (14), and / or by means of ropes (40) or diagonals (43) is placed in a stable rest position.

28. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the umbrella is clamped by an opening and closing mechanism, beige sleeve (25) or an extendable telescopic handle tip (21) on which all arms (30) of Umbrella are articulated, moved downward in the direction of the umbrella axis (1), so that all the high arms (31), including the sail surface (10) attached to these arms (30), are secured by ropes (40) and / or diagonals (43) are pressed or pulled into their position required for the open umbrella, all low arms (32), by the static properties of the sail surface (10) reinforced by webbing or ropes as required or their accompanying elements, in particular the sail edge (11), of the sail edge rods (15), the sail edge sheet (16) or the sail edge ropes (14) are pulled into their position required for the open parasol until the

Sail area (10) is completely spanned and the overall system due to the limitations resulting from the static properties and geometry of the sail area (10) or its accompanying elements and / or provided by ropes (40) or diagonals (43) takes a stable rest position.

29. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the umbrella is clamped by an opening and closing mechanism in which a sleeve (25) or the telescopic-like stem tip (21) or any other, or not element firmly connected to the handle on the screen axis (1), to which all cables (40) or diagonals (43) are articulated, is moved upwards in the direction of the screen axis (1), so that the cables (40) or the diagonals (43) all the arms (30) including the sail surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pressed or pulled into their position required for the open umbrella until the sail surface (10) is completely open and the overall system as a result of Limitations, which result from the static properties and the geometry of the sail surface (10) or its accompanying elements, in particular the sail edge (11), the sail edge rods (15), the Seg elrandbogens (16) or the sail edge ropes (14), and / or provided by ropes (40) or diagonals (43), assumes a stable rest position.

30. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the umbrella is clamped by an opening and closing mechanism in which a sleeve (25) or the telescopic-like stem tip (21) or any other, element not firmly connected to the handle on the screen axis (1), on which all cables (40) or diagonals (43) are articulated, is moved upwards in the direction of the screen axis (1), so that the cables (40) or the diagonals (43) all the high arms (31) are including attached to these arms (30) canopy (10) in their required for the spread out canopy position pushed or pulled ^', all low arms (32) by the static properties of the If necessary, the sail surface (10) or its accompanying elements reinforced with webbing or ropes, in particular the sail edge (11), the sail edge bars (15), the sail edge bow (16) or the sail edge ropes (1 4) pulled into the position required for the open umbrella until the

31. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the umbrella is clamped by an opening and closing mechanism in which the ropes (40) or diagonals (43) are shortened or lengthened, so that the ropes ( 40) or diagonals (43) all arms (30) including the sail surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pressed or pulled into their position required for the open umbrella until the sail surface (10) is completely stretched and the overall system as a result of the limitations which already result from the static properties and the geometry of the sail surface (10) or its accompanying elements, in particular the sail edge (11), the sail edge rods (15), the sail edge bow (16) or the sail edge ropes (14) and / or is provided by ropes (40) or diagonals (43), assumes a stable rest position.

32. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the umbrella is clamped by an opening and closing mechanism in which the cables (40) or diagonals (43) can be shortened or lengthened, so that all of the cables (40) or diagonals (43)

The high arms (31) including the sail surface (10) attached to these arms (30) are pressed or pulled into their position required for the open parasol, all low arms (32) due to the static properties of the sail surface (10 ) or its accompanying elements, in particular the sail edge (11), the sail edge rods (15), the sail edge bow (16) or the sail edge ropes (14), are pulled into their position required for the open umbrella until the sail surface (10) is complete is stretched and the overall system assumes a stable rest position due to the limitations which already result from the static properties and the geometry of the sail area (10) or its accompanying elements and / or are provided by ropes (40) or diagonals (43).

33. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sum of the length a of the arm (30) from the stem (20) to the point of attack of the diagonal (43) and from the length d of the diagonal (43) for all arms is the same, i.e. a + d = const. applies, so that in particular umbrellas with high arms (31) and low arms (32) can be completely folded together.

34. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the folding of the umbrella is carried out by an opening and closing mechanism in which all arms (30) and the sail surface (10) at the sail axis point (13) on a common sleeve ( 25) are fastened so that when the sleeve (25) is raised, the sail axis point (13) is pulled upward and the sail surface (10) hangs on the sail axis point when the screen is folded.

35. Screen structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shields, in particular square, rectangular or diamond-shaped screens po nt at their corners over low points (35) and at their edges exclusively via Ho ^'(34) have, convertible to rows are, resulting rainwater is led to the outside, and any gaps between the sail surfaces (10) of adjacent umbrellas can be closed by sail spacers (17).

36. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 4 square or diamond-shaped umbrellas can be put together in a square to form a group, the individual umbrellas each having 2 high arms (31) and 2 low arms (32) and the umbrellas with each meet a high arm (31) in the middle of the group, whereby rainwater is led to the outside, and any gaps between the sail surfaces (10) of adjacent umbrellas can be closed by sail spacers (17).

37. Umbrella construction according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sail surface (10) serves as a reflection surface, with lights (60) directed from below and / or above onto the sail surface (10), the lights (60) preferably on Handle (20) or the support structure (50) attached or integrated into the floor surface.