EP1498673B1 - Hot gas defrost system for refrigeration systems - Google Patents

Hot gas defrost system for refrigeration systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1498673B1
EP1498673B1 EP20040015601 EP04015601A EP1498673B1 EP 1498673 B1 EP1498673 B1 EP 1498673B1 EP 20040015601 EP20040015601 EP 20040015601 EP 04015601 A EP04015601 A EP 04015601A EP 1498673 B1 EP1498673 B1 EP 1498673B1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
cold
defrosting
consumers
refrigeration
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1498673A1 (en
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Klaus Koch
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/22—Refrigeration systems for supermarkets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • refrigerant is to be understood below as both single-component and multicomponent refrigerant.
  • refrigeration consumer is to be understood below, in particular, the evaporator and / or heat exchanger, which are arranged in refrigerated cabinets or cooling rooms and through which a refrigerant flows.
  • Refrigeration systems of the generic type are operated for example in supermarkets. They generally supply a variety of Kälteangeem, such as refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers. For this purpose circulates in them a one- or multi-component refrigerant.
  • a refrigeration system as for example from the DE-PS 39 28 430 is known - has a condenser in which the pressurized refrigerant is condensed by indirect heat exchange, preferably against outside air.
  • the liquid refrigerant from the condenser is usually fed to a sump.
  • a refrigeration system there must always be enough refrigerant to be able to fill the evaporators or heat exchangers of all refrigeration consumers even with maximum refrigeration demand.
  • the excess refrigerant must during these times in the provided collecting container or accumulated in the condenser.
  • the refrigerant is supplied to the cold consumers via the so-called. Liquid line.
  • Each refrigeration consumer is preceded or associated with an expansion device, preferably an expansion valve, in which the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator (s) of the refrigeration consumer is depressurized.
  • the so-relaxed refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigerant consumers and thus cools the corresponding refrigeration cabinets and / or rooms.
  • the thus evaporated refrigerant is then supplied via a suction line to a compressor unit.
  • These compressor units can be configured in one or more stages. As a rule, the individual compressor stages have several compressors connected in parallel. These compress the refrigerant and convey it via a pressure line again to the already mentioned condenser.
  • the aforementioned evaporator or heat exchanger of the refrigeration consumers must be defrosted from time to time.
  • a generic method for defrosting is from the DE-PS 44 10 057 known.
  • carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant
  • the defrosting methods belonging to the prior art reach their limits, since the pressure situation is too high. But even with the use of other refrigerants it comes in the thawed evaporator or heat exchanger to an undesirable condensate, or at least wet steam formation. This can only be reliably prevented if the prevailing evaporating pressure and the corresponding evaporation temperature during the defrosting operation is lower or remains lower than the prevailing evaporator surface temperature.
  • US 6,449,967 B1 discloses a method for defrosting cold consumers of a refrigeration cycle with the aid of expanded refrigerant according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • JP-A 54059650 a method for defrosting the evaporator or heat exchanger of one or more refrigeration consumers is known.
  • a method for defrosting the evaporator or heat exchanger of one or more refrigeration consumers is known.
  • due to an unavoidable refrigerant condensation unwanted condensate or wet steam formation occurs.
  • the J PA 54059650 proposed to provide a liquid separator in the suction line; This is needed to get the one or more compressors in front of you damaging "wet operation" - ie the suction of refrigerant wet steam - to protect.
  • Such condensate or wet vapor formation has the consequence that when switching a (previously defrosted) evaporator or heat exchanger from the defrost to the cooling operation, the condensate formed - if not appropriate measures that prevent this - taken from the or Compressing the compressor unit to be sucked - this is referred to as so-called wet driving a compressor -, whereby the compressor or can be damaged.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for operating a refrigeration system, which can avoid the previously resulting defrosting disadvantages, specify.
  • the process according to the invention offers significant advantages over the known processes belonging to the prior art. While the usually implemented Druckgasabtauung leads in the condensation process on the low pressure side to very high pressure - the pressures are here between 40 and 50 bar - and therefore correspondingly expensive, currently not commercially available components are required, the inventive method allows significantly lower pressure levels between 12 and 14 bar, so that the use of standard components is readily possible.
  • the method according to the invention does not require any HD constant-pressure control via an additional control fitting.
  • the defrosting power required in each case is exclusively via the throttling device on the evaporator-that is to say the hot gas solenoid valve, the distributor and the distributor tubes-and from the condenser stage control-usually a condenser fan step control or speed control is used-resulting differential pressure between and low pressure determined or regulated.
  • the figure shows a schematic representation of the refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration system, wherein the condenser is not shown. Also not shown are the upstream of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 expansion devices or - valves in which the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator or the evaporator V1 and V2 refrigerant is expanded.
  • liquid refrigerant from the condenser is fed to an optional collecting tank S1.
  • the refrigerant is supplied via the so-called.
  • Liquid lines 2 and 2 'and / or 2 "one or simultaneously two cold consumers V1 and V2.
  • the refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 is withdrawn therefrom via the lines 3, 3 'and 3 "and fed to a collecting tank S2 upstream of the compressors X, Y and Z. Also this collecting tank S2, which separates from the tank in the Refrigerant entrained oil is not required.
  • the vaporized refrigerant present in the collecting tank S2 is compressed by the compressors X, Y and Z to the desired circuit pressure and then returned to the condenser via the so-called pressure line 5.
  • the compressors X, Y and Z are now connected or connectable on the output side via the defrosting lines 6 and 8 and / or 9 to the input sides of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2.
  • V1 and V2 can - with open valve a and open valves c and / or d - or the thawed cold consumers V1 and V2 at least a partial flow of the compressed, warm refrigerant, through which the evaporator or heat exchanger of the be defrosted cold consumer V1 or V2 defrosted, are supplied.
  • the refrigerant circuit has only two cold consumers V1 and V2, only one cold consumer or its evaporator can be defrosted while the evaporator of the other cold consumer is in cooling mode. If, on the other hand, three or more refrigeration consumers are integrated in the refrigeration cycle, at least two refrigeration consumers or their evaporators can be defrosted at the same time. It therefore only has to be ensured that at least the evaporator of a refrigeration consumer is in cooling mode.
  • the refrigeration consumer V2 is supplied with the warm refrigerant via the defrosting lines 6 and 9 and in the valve d - valve c is closed in the meantime - on the Suction pressure level of the refrigeration circuit relaxed.
  • a connected to the input sides of the compressor X, Y and Z or connectable suction 7, in which a check valve b is arranged, is provided. About this can be done after completion of a defrosting suction of still remaining in the defrosting lines 6 and 8 and / or 9 refrigerant.
  • valves a, c and / or d are designed as (servo-controlled) solenoid valves, which should be the rule.
  • the inventive method for operating a refrigeration system allows - regardless of the type of refrigerant used and thus also when using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant - a low-cost and procedurally simple defrosting process.
  • the invention also makes it possible to defrost cold consumers individually.
  • the control technology design of the refrigeration system according to the invention and the method according to the invention are to be described as relatively inexpensive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage nach dem Oberbegriff vom Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for operating a refrigeration system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Unter dem Begriff "Kältemittel" seien nachfolgend sowohl ein- als auch mehrkomponentige Kältemittel zu verstehen.The term "refrigerant" is to be understood below as both single-component and multicomponent refrigerant.

Unter dem Begriff "Kälteverbraucher" seien nachfolgend insbesondere die in Kühlmöbeln oder Kühlräumen angeordneten Verdampfer und/oder Wärmetauscher, die von einem Kältemittel durchströmt werden, zu verstehen.The term "refrigeration consumer" is to be understood below, in particular, the evaporator and / or heat exchanger, which are arranged in refrigerated cabinets or cooling rooms and through which a refrigerant flows.

Kälteanlagen der gattungsgemäßen Art werden beispielsweise in Supermärkten betrieben. Sie versorgen dort im allgemeinen eine Vielzahl von Kälteverbrauchem, wie etwa Kühlräume, Kühl- und Tiefkühlmöbel. Zu diesem Zweck zirkuliert in ihnen ein einoder mehrkomponentiges Kältemittel. Eine derartige Kälteanlage - wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 39 28 430 bekannt ist - weist einen Verflüssiger auf, in dem das unter Druck stehende Kältemittel durch indirekten Wärmetausch, vorzugsweise gegen Außenluft, kondensiert wird.Refrigeration systems of the generic type are operated for example in supermarkets. They generally supply a variety of Kälteverbrauchem, such as refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers. For this purpose circulates in them a one- or multi-component refrigerant. Such a refrigeration system - as for example from the DE-PS 39 28 430 is known - has a condenser in which the pressurized refrigerant is condensed by indirect heat exchange, preferably against outside air.

Das flüssige Kältemittel aus dem Verflüssiger wird im Regelfall einem Sammelbehälter zugeführt. Innerhalb einer Kälteanlage muss immer soviel Kältemittel vorhanden sein, dass auch bei maximalem Kältebedarf die Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher aller Kälteverbraucher gefüllt werden können. Da jedoch bei niedrigerem Kältebedarf innerhalb einer Verbundkälteanlage einzelne Verdampfer abgeschaltet und abgesaugt sind, muss das überschüssige Kältemittel während dieser Zeiten in dem dafür vorgesehenen Sammelbehälter aufgefangen oder in dem Verflüssiger angestaut werden.The liquid refrigerant from the condenser is usually fed to a sump. Within a refrigeration system, there must always be enough refrigerant to be able to fill the evaporators or heat exchangers of all refrigeration consumers even with maximum refrigeration demand. However, since at a lower refrigeration demand within a composite refrigeration system individual evaporators are switched off and sucked, the excess refrigerant must during these times in the provided collecting container or accumulated in the condenser.

Aus dem Sammelbehälter oder Verflüssiger wird das Kältemittel über die sog. Flüssigkeitsleitung den Kälteverbrauchern zugeführt. Jedem Kälteverbraucher ist eine Expansionseinrichtung, vorzugsweise ein Expansionsventil vorgeschaltet bzw. zugeordnet, in welchem das in den oder die Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers strömende Kältemittel entspannt wird. Das so entspannte Kältemittel wird in den Verdampfem der Kältemittelverbraucher verdampft und kühlt so die entsprechenden Kühlmöbel und/oder -räume.From the sump or condenser, the refrigerant is supplied to the cold consumers via the so-called. Liquid line. Each refrigeration consumer is preceded or associated with an expansion device, preferably an expansion valve, in which the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator (s) of the refrigeration consumer is depressurized. The so-relaxed refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigerant consumers and thus cools the corresponding refrigeration cabinets and / or rooms.

Das derart verdampfte Kältemittel wird anschließend über eine Saugleitung einer Verdichtereinheit zugeführt. Diese Verdichtereinheiten können ein- oder mehrstufig ausgebildet sein. Die einzelnen Verdichterstufen weisen im Regelfall mehrere parallel geschaltete Verdichter auf. Diese komprimieren das Kältemittel und fördern es über eine Druckleitung wiederum zu dem bereits erwähnten Verflüssiger.The thus evaporated refrigerant is then supplied via a suction line to a compressor unit. These compressor units can be configured in one or more stages. As a rule, the individual compressor stages have several compressors connected in parallel. These compress the refrigerant and convey it via a pressure line again to the already mentioned condenser.

Die vorgenannten Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher der Kälteverbraucher müssen von Zeit zu Zeit abgetaut werden. Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abtauen ist aus der DE-PS 44 10 057 bekannt. Insbesondere dann, wenn als Kältemittel Kohlendioxid Anwendung findet, stoßen die zum Stand der Technik zählenden Abtauverfahren an ihre Grenzen, da die Drucklage zu hoch ist. Aber auch bei der Verwendung anderer Kältemittel kommt es in dem abzutauenden Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher zu einer unerwünschten Kondensat-, zumindest jedoch Nassdampfbildung. Dieses kann nur sicher verhindert werden, wenn der herrschende Verdampfungsdruck sowie die korrespondierende Verdampfungstemperatur während des Abtaubetriebes tiefer ist bzw. tiefer bleibt als die herrschende Verdampferoberflächentemperatur.The aforementioned evaporator or heat exchanger of the refrigeration consumers must be defrosted from time to time. A generic method for defrosting is from the DE-PS 44 10 057 known. In particular, when carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the defrosting methods belonging to the prior art reach their limits, since the pressure situation is too high. But even with the use of other refrigerants it comes in the thawed evaporator or heat exchanger to an undesirable condensate, or at least wet steam formation. This can only be reliably prevented if the prevailing evaporating pressure and the corresponding evaporation temperature during the defrosting operation is lower or remains lower than the prevailing evaporator surface temperature.

US 6 449 967 B1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Abtauen von Kälteverbrauchern eines Kühlkreises mit Hilfe von entspanntem Kühlmittel gemäß dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1. US 6,449,967 B1 discloses a method for defrosting cold consumers of a refrigeration cycle with the aid of expanded refrigerant according to the preamble of independent claim 1.

Auch aus der JP-A 54059650 ist ein Verfahren zum Abtauen der Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher eines oder mehrerer Kälteverbraucher bekannt. Bei der in der JP-A 54059650 beschriebenen Verfahrensweise kommt es jedoch aufgrund einer unvermeidbaren Kältemittelkondensation zu einer unerwünschten Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung. Um die damit einhergehenden Probleme zu veringern, wird in der J P-A 54059650 vorgeschlagen, in der Saugleitung einen Flüssigkeitsabscheider vorzusehen; dieser ist erforderlich, um den oder die Verdichter vor einem schädigenden "Nassbetrieb" - also dem Ansaugen von Kältemittel-Nassdampf - zu schützen.Also from the JP-A 54059650 a method for defrosting the evaporator or heat exchanger of one or more refrigeration consumers is known. When in the JP-A 54059650 However, due to an unavoidable refrigerant condensation, unwanted condensate or wet steam formation occurs. In order to reduce the associated problems, is in the J PA 54059650 proposed to provide a liquid separator in the suction line; This is needed to get the one or more compressors in front of you damaging "wet operation" - ie the suction of refrigerant wet steam - to protect.

Eine derartige Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung hat zur Folge, dass beim Umschalten eines (zuvor abgetauten) Verdampfers bzw. Wärmetauschers von dem Abtau- auf den Kühlbetrieb das gebildete Kondensat - sofem nicht entsprechende Maßnahmen, die dies verhindern, getroffen werden - von dem oder den Verdichtern der Verdichtereinheit angesaugt werden - dies wird als so genanntes Nassfahren eines Verdichters bezeichnet -, wodurch der bzw. die Verdichter beschädigt werden können.Such condensate or wet vapor formation has the consequence that when switching a (previously defrosted) evaporator or heat exchanger from the defrost to the cooling operation, the condensate formed - if not appropriate measures that prevent this - taken from the or Compressing the compressor unit to be sucked - this is referred to as so-called wet driving a compressor -, whereby the compressor or can be damaged.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage, mit dem sich die bisher im Abtaubetrieb ergebenden Nachteile vermeiden lassen, anzugeben.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for operating a refrigeration system, which can avoid the previously resulting defrosting disadvantages, specify.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 vorgeschlagen.To solve this problem, a method according to claim 1 is proposed.

Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung kann nunmehr sichergestellt werden, dass es in dem oder den abzutauenden Verdampfem bzw. Wärmetauschern zu keiner unerwünschten Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung kommt. Damit werden auch die bisher beim Umschalten eines (zuvor abgetauten) Verdampfers bzw. Wärmetauschers von dem Abtau- auf den Kühlbetrieb aufgrund der Kondensat- bzw. Nassdampfbildung auftretenden Probleme wirkungsvoll vermieden.By means of the process control according to the invention, it can now be ensured that undesirable condensate or wet steam formation does not occur in the evaporator or heat exchangers to be thawed. As a result, the problems hitherto encountered in switching over a (previously defrosted) evaporator or heat exchanger from the defrost to the cooling operation due to the formation of condensate or wet steam are also effectively avoided.

Insbesondere dann, wenn als Kältemittel Kohlendioxid Anwendung findet, bietet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wesentliche Vorteile gegenüber den bekannten, zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verfahren. Während die üblicherweise realisierte Druckgasabtauung im Kondensationsverfahren auf der Niederdruckseite zu sehr hohen Drucklagen führt - die Drücke liegen hierbei zwischen 40 und 50 bar - und daher entsprechend teure, gegenwärtig nicht handelsübliche Komponenten erforderlich werden, ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren deutlich niedrigere Drucklagen zwischen 12 und 14 bar, so dass der Einsatz von Standard-Komponenten ohne Weiteres möglich ist.In particular, when carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant, the process according to the invention offers significant advantages over the known processes belonging to the prior art. While the usually implemented Druckgasabtauung leads in the condensation process on the low pressure side to very high pressure - the pressures are here between 40 and 50 bar - and therefore correspondingly expensive, currently not commercially available components are required, the inventive method allows significantly lower pressure levels between 12 and 14 bar, so that the use of standard components is readily possible.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren benötigt im Gegensatz zu den zum Stand der Technik zählenden (Kondensations)Verfahren keine HD-Konstantdruckregelung über eine zusätzliche Regelarmatur. Die jeweils erforderliche Abtauleistung wird erfindungsgemäß ausschließlich über die Drosseleinrichtung am Verdampfer - also das Heißgas-Magnetvetil, den Verteiler sowie die Verteilrohre - und dem sich aus der Verflüssigerstufenregelung - im Regelfall kommt eine Verflüssigerlüfter-Stufenschaltung oder -Drehzahlregelung zur Anwendung - ergebenden Differenzdruck zwischen Hoch- und Niederdruck bestimmt bzw. geregelt.In contrast to the prior art (condensation) method, the method according to the invention does not require any HD constant-pressure control via an additional control fitting. According to the invention, the defrosting power required in each case is exclusively via the throttling device on the evaporator-that is to say the hot gas solenoid valve, the distributor and the distributor tubes-and from the condenser stage control-usually a condenser fan step control or speed control is used-resulting differential pressure between and low pressure determined or regulated.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche.Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are subject matters of the dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen desselben seien anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The inventive method and further embodiments thereof are explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Die Figur zeigt eine schematisierte Darstellung des Kältemittelkreislaufes einer Kälteanlage, wobei der Verflüssiger nicht dargestellt ist. Ebenfalls nicht dargestellt sind die den Kälteverbrauchern V1 und V2 vorgeschalteten Expansionseinrichtungen bzw. - ventile, in denen das in den oder die Verdampfer der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 strömende Kältemittel entspannt wird.The figure shows a schematic representation of the refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration system, wherein the condenser is not shown. Also not shown are the upstream of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 expansion devices or - valves in which the refrigerant flowing into the evaporator or the evaporator V1 and V2 refrigerant is expanded.

Über Leitung 1 wird das flüssige Kältemittel aus dem nicht dargestellten Verflüssiger einem optional vorzusehenden Sammelbehälter S1 zugeführt. Aus diesem wird das Kältemittel über die sog. Flüssigkeitsleitungen 2 sowie 2' und/oder 2" einem oder zeitgleich beiden Kälteverbrauchern V1 und V2 zugeführt.Via line 1, the liquid refrigerant from the condenser, not shown, is fed to an optional collecting tank S1. For this, the refrigerant is supplied via the so-called. Liquid lines 2 and 2 'and / or 2 "one or simultaneously two cold consumers V1 and V2.

Das in den Verdampfem der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 verdampfte Kältemittel wird aus diesen über die Leitungen 3, 3' und 3" abgezogen und einem den Verdichtem X, Y und Z vorgeschalteten Sammelbehälter S2 zugeführt. Auch dieser Sammelbehälter S2, der der Abtrennung von in dem Kältemittel mitgerissenem Öl dient, ist nicht zwingend erforderlich.The refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 is withdrawn therefrom via the lines 3, 3 'and 3 "and fed to a collecting tank S2 upstream of the compressors X, Y and Z. Also this collecting tank S2, which separates from the tank in the Refrigerant entrained oil is not required.

Das in dem Sammelbehälter S2 vorliegende verdampfte Kältemittel wird von den Verdichtem X, Y und Z auf den gewünschten Kreislaufdruck verdichtet und anschließend über die sog. Druckleitung 5 wieder dem Verflüssiger zugeführt.The vaporized refrigerant present in the collecting tank S2 is compressed by the compressors X, Y and Z to the desired circuit pressure and then returned to the condenser via the so-called pressure line 5.

Erfindungsgemäß sind nunmehr die Verdichter X, Y und Z ausgangsseitig über die Abtauleitungen 6 sowie 8 und/oder 9 mit den Eingangsseiten der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 verbunden bzw. verbindbar. In Abhängigkeit von dem Abtaubedarf der Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 kann - bei geöffnetem Ventil a sowie geöffneten Ventilen c und/oder d - dem oder den abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchern V1 und V2 zumindest ein Teilstrom des verdichteten, warmen Kältemittels, durch den der Verdampfer bzw. Wärmetauscher des abzutauenden Kälteverbrauchers V1 oder V2 abgetaut wird, zugeführt werden.According to the invention, the compressors X, Y and Z are now connected or connectable on the output side via the defrosting lines 6 and 8 and / or 9 to the input sides of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2. Depending on the defrost requirement of the refrigeration consumers V1 and V2 can - with open valve a and open valves c and / or d - or the thawed cold consumers V1 and V2 at least a partial flow of the compressed, warm refrigerant, through which the evaporator or heat exchanger of the be defrosted cold consumer V1 or V2 defrosted, are supplied.

Sofern der Kältemittelkreislauf lediglich zwei Kälteverbraucher V1 und V2 aufweist, kann jeweils nur ein Kälteverbraucher bzw. dessen Verdampfer abgetaut werden, während sich der Verdampfer des jeweils anderen Kälteverbrauchers im Kühlbetrieb befindet. Sind hingegen drei oder mehr Kälteverbraucher in den Kältekreislauf eingebunden, können zeitgleich wenigstens zwei Kälteverbraucher bzw. deren Verdampfer abgetaut werden. Es muss somit lediglich sichergestellt sein, dass sich wenigstens der Verdampfer eines Kälteverbrauchers im Kühlbetrieb befindet.If the refrigerant circuit has only two cold consumers V1 and V2, only one cold consumer or its evaporator can be defrosted while the evaporator of the other cold consumer is in cooling mode. If, on the other hand, three or more refrigeration consumers are integrated in the refrigeration cycle, at least two refrigeration consumers or their evaporators can be defrosted at the same time. It therefore only has to be ensured that at least the evaporator of a refrigeration consumer is in cooling mode.

Befindet sich also bspw. der Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers V1 im Kühlbetrieb und soll der Verdampfer des Kälteverbrauchers V2 abgetaut werden, so wird dem Kälteverbraucher V2 das warme Kältemittel über die Abtauleitungen 6 und 9 zugeführt und im Ventil d - Ventil c ist währenddessen geschlossen - auf das Saugdruckniveau des Kältekreislaufes entspannt.Thus, if, for example, the evaporator of the refrigeration appliance V1 is in cooling mode and if the evaporator of the refrigeration appliance V2 is to be defrosted, then the refrigeration consumer V2 is supplied with the warm refrigerant via the defrosting lines 6 and 9 and in the valve d - valve c is closed in the meantime - on the Suction pressure level of the refrigeration circuit relaxed.

Zudem ist eine mit den Eingangsseiten der Verdichter X, Y und Z verbundene oder verbindbare Absaugleitung 7, in der ein Absperrventil b angeordnet ist, vorgesehen. Über diese kann nach Beendigung eines Abtauvorganges ein Absaugen von noch in den Abtauleitungen 6 sowie 8 und/oder 9 verbliebenem Kältemittel erfolgen.In addition, a connected to the input sides of the compressor X, Y and Z or connectable suction 7, in which a check valve b is arranged, is provided. About this can be done after completion of a defrosting suction of still remaining in the defrosting lines 6 and 8 and / or 9 refrigerant.

Darüber hinaus kann über die Absaugleitung 7 der für das sichere Schließen der Ventile a, c und/oder d erforderliche Schließdruck erzeugt werden. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Bedeutung, wenn die Ventile a, c und/oder d als (servogesteuerte) Magnetventile ausgebildet sind, was den Regelfall darstellen dürfte.In addition, the closing pressure required for the safe closing of the valves a, c and / or d can be generated via the suction line 7. This is especially important if the valves a, c and / or d are designed as (servo-controlled) solenoid valves, which should be the rule.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kälteanlage ermöglicht - unabhängig von der Art des verwendeten Kältemittels und somit auch bei der Verwendung von Kohlendioxid als Kältemittel - einen kostengünstigen und verfahrenstechnisch einfachen Abtauprozess.The inventive method for operating a refrigeration system allows - regardless of the type of refrigerant used and thus also when using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant - a low-cost and procedurally simple defrosting process.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht es ferner, Kälteverbraucher einzeln abzutauen. Die steuerungstechnische Auslegung der erfindungsgemäßen Kälteanlage sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind als vergleichsweise wenig aufwendig zu bezeichnen.The invention also makes it possible to defrost cold consumers individually. The control technology design of the refrigeration system according to the invention and the method according to the invention are to be described as relatively inexpensive.

Claims (1)

  1. Method for operating a refrigerating plant having at least one refrigerant circuit comprising at least one condenser, at least two cold consumers (V1, V2) and at least one compressor (X, Y, Z) with at least two levels of performance or at least two compressors (X, Y, Z), in which the outlet side of the compressor (X, Y, Z) or the outlet sides of the compressors (X, Y, Z) are connected or connectable to the inlet sides of the cold consumers (V1, V2) by means of a defrosting line (6, 8, 9), wherein depending on the defrosting requirement of a cold consumer (V1, V2) or a plurality of cold consumers (V1, V2) compressed warm refrigerant is supplied via the defrosting line (6, 8, 9) to the cold consumer (V1, V2) or to the cold consumers (V1, V2) to be defrosted, wherein the compressed warm refrigerant supplied to the cold consumer (V1, V2) or to the cold consumers (V1, V2) to be defrosted is expanded to the suction pressure level of the refrigerant circuit before being delivered to the cold consumer (V1, V2) or the cold consumers (V1, V2) to be defrosted,
    characterized in that the defrosting line (6, 8, 9) is connected or connectable to the inlet sides of the compressors (X, Y, Z) via a suction line (7) and the defrosting line (6, 8, 9) is sucked off via the suction line (7) after the process of defrosting has been completed.
EP20040015601 2003-07-18 2004-07-02 Hot gas defrost system for refrigeration systems Active EP1498673B1 (en)

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DE2003132859 DE10332859A1 (en) 2003-07-18 2003-07-18 Hot gas defrosting for refrigeration systems
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DE102017110560B4 (en) 2017-05-16 2020-10-22 Viessmann Kältetechnik Ost GmbH Refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration system with an arrangement for defrosting a heat exchanger and a method for operating the refrigerant circuit

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US11828506B2 (en) 2021-09-03 2023-11-28 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Hot gas defrost using dedicated low temperature compressor discharge

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