EP1429345A1 - Device and method of radioisotope production - Google Patents

Device and method of radioisotope production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1429345A1
EP1429345A1 EP02447253A EP02447253A EP1429345A1 EP 1429345 A1 EP1429345 A1 EP 1429345A1 EP 02447253 A EP02447253 A EP 02447253A EP 02447253 A EP02447253 A EP 02447253A EP 1429345 A1 EP1429345 A1 EP 1429345A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
target material
cavity
irradiation
target
niobium
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP02447253A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yves Jongen
Jr. Comor J. Comor
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Application filed by Ion Beam Applications SA filed Critical Ion Beam Applications SA
Priority to EP02447253A priority Critical patent/EP1429345A1/en
Priority to JP2004557684A priority patent/JP4751615B2/en
Priority to PCT/BE2003/000217 priority patent/WO2004053892A2/en
Priority to AT03782015T priority patent/ATE498183T1/en
Priority to EP03782015A priority patent/EP1570493B1/en
Priority to CA2502287A priority patent/CA2502287C/en
Priority to DE60336009T priority patent/DE60336009D1/en
Priority to AU2003289768A priority patent/AU2003289768A1/en
Priority to US10/537,975 priority patent/US7940881B2/en
Priority to CNB2003801048544A priority patent/CN100419917C/en
Publication of EP1429345A1 publication Critical patent/EP1429345A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21GCONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G1/00Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
    • G21G1/04Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
    • G21G1/10Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by bombardment with electrically charged particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method intended for the production of radioisotopes such as 18 F, by irradiation using a proton beam of a target material comprising a precursor of said radioisotope.
  • One of the applications of the present invention concerns nuclear medicine.
  • Positron emission tomography is a precise, non-invasive medical imaging technique.
  • a radiopharmaceutical marked with a positron emitting radioisotope is injected into the body of a patient, the disintegration of which in situ leads to the emission of ⁇ radiation.
  • These ⁇ rays are detected by an imaging device and analyzed in order to reconstruct in three dimensions the biodistribution of the injected radioisotope and to obtain its tissue concentration.
  • radiopharmaceuticals synthesized from the radioisotope of interest that is fluorine 18, 2- [ 18 F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)
  • FDG fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose
  • an irradiation device which comprises a cavity "hollowed out” in a metal part and intended to receive the target material.
  • the 18 F is generally produced using this production device, by bombardment of a beam of charged particles, and more particularly of protons, on the target material previously disposed in said cavity.
  • This charged particle beam comes from an accelerator such as a cyclotron.
  • the cavity in which the target material is located being closed by a window called “irradiation window" which can be crossed by the protons of the irradiation beam, said protons meet the target material and it is the interaction of said protons with the target material which generates the nuclear reaction intended for the production of the radioisotope of interest.
  • the target material consists of water enriched in 18 O (H 2 18 O).
  • the material target must always produce more radioisotope.
  • This increase in production supposes either to modify the energy of the charged particle beam (protons), and in this case the cross section of the reaction is increased to modify the intensity of said beam, and in this case it is a question of modifying the number of particles accelerated hitting the target material.
  • the power dissipated by the target material irradiated by the boundary particle beam the intensity and / or energy of the particle beam that we can hope to use.
  • the power dissipated by a target material is therefore all the more important as the intensity and / or energy of the particle beam is important.
  • the problem of dissipation of the heat produced by the irradiation of the target material on such a small volume constitutes a major problem to be overcome.
  • the power to be dissipated is between 900 and 1800 watts, for currents of 50 to 100 ⁇ A of protons accelerated to 18 MeV and for irradiation times can range from a few minutes to a few hours.
  • Solutions have been proposed in the state of technique in order to overcome the problem of dissipation of heat by the target material in the cavity within the radioisotope production device.
  • devices have been proposed means for cooling the target material.
  • Belgian patent n ° 1011263 A6 describes an irradiation cell comprising a cavity closed by a window in which the material is placed target, said cavity being surrounded by a double wall allowing the circulation of a refrigerant for cooling said target material, the window being cooled with helium.
  • the present invention aims to provide a device and a method intended for the production of radioisotopes, and in particular 18 F, from a target material irradiated by a beam of charged particles which do not have the drawbacks of the devices and state of the art processes.
  • the present invention aims to provide a device intended for the production of radioisotopes, and in particular of 18 F, and capable of operating with a beam of protons whose current intensity is high, that is to say - say greater than 40 ⁇ A.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device which ensures in operation, that is to say during of radioisotope production, heat exchange sufficient with the external environment, so that its temperature mean remains below an average threshold temperature, said average threshold temperature preferably being located around 130 ° C.
  • this device comprises in in addition to internal cooling means to said irradiation cell, said cooling means interns taking the form of a double wall filled with a coolant and which equips said cell irradiation.
  • the external heat exchanger essentially consists of a material chosen from group consisting of silver, titanium, tantalum, niobium and / or palladium.
  • the insert is essentially made of a material selected from the group consisting of Niobium, Niobium / Palladium, silver or titanium.
  • said inlet duct is positioned essentially tangential to said cavity to create a flow vortex therein.
  • Essentially tangential means that the inlet duct forms with the tangent of the cavity assimilated to a sphere, an angle of plus or minus 25 °.
  • said outlet duct is not not located in the same plane, but on the same side as the inlet duct.
  • said cavity is capable of contain a volume of target material between 0.25 and 2.4 mL.
  • said cavity has a diameter less than 25 mm and a minimum depth of 3.5 mm.
  • the device according to the invention is configured to contain as a whole an overall volume of the target material which is less than 20 mL.
  • the various elements of said device are interconnected with each other by pipes (17) having an internal diameter between 0.5 and 2 mm.
  • the device is such that the direction of flow of the target material inside the device can be reversed depending on the layout of the various constituent elements of it.
  • said pipes connecting the different elements of the devices are basically made of a material chosen from the tantalum group, titanium, niobium, palladium, stainless steel and / or money.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing radioisotopes by through an irradiation cell in which we placed an insert with a window and a cavity containing a target material, characterized in that said target material is recirculated through at least one conduit inlet and at least one outlet pipe from the cavity at y creating a flow vortex and through a heat exchanger heat external to said irradiation cell, by a pump with sufficient flow to cool the material target target, the device being pressurized so as to maintain the target essentially in a liquid state.
  • the direction of circulation of the target material in the device can be reversed from so that the inlet duct becomes the duct of outlet and the outlet duct becomes the duct inlet (4) of the target material.
  • said pump delivers at least 200mL / min for the duration of the irradiation.
  • the present invention relates to also the use of the device and / or the process according to the invention for the manufacture of radioisotopes.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of the irradiation cell of the present invention, seen in the direction of arrow X in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Figure 2 shows a section along the A-A shots of the radiation cell.
  • Figure 3 shows a section along the B-B shots of irradiation cell.
  • Figure 4 shows an overall diagram a device for producing radioisotopes comprising the device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5A shows the procedure for filling the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 5B shows the flow diagram for the target during filling
  • Figure 5C shows the routing of the target after irradiation to the FDG module.
  • the device according to the present invention comprises a cell irradiation 1 and which constitutes the mechanical assembly which, during the operation of said device, is subject to irradiation.
  • the irradiation cell 1 comprises an insert 2 which is a metal part in which a volume corresponding to a cavity is “hollowed out”.
  • the insert 2 therefore comprises the cavity 8.
  • This cavity 8 has a configuration such that it can receive the target material from which the device is capable of producing the radioisotope of interest, that is to say the 18 F in this case here.
  • the irradiation cell 1 is also fitted with 5.6 and 6.5 outlet pipes for the delivery or circulation of the target material.
  • the 5.6 inlet / 6.5 outlet ducts allow the arrival / departure of the target material or vice versa, depending on the direction of flow of the target material within the device in operation (reverse arrival and departure).
  • the cavity 8 intended to contain the target material is closed by a window called irradiation window 7.
  • the device is designed to work with a target material in the fluid state, that is to say liquid and / or gaseous.
  • the device also includes external cooling means intended to cool the target material when the device works.
  • these means of external cooling of the target material take the form of an external heat exchanger 15.
  • This external heat exchanger 15 is preferably coupled to a high-flow pump 16, which is preferably a pump specific volumetric.
  • the external heat exchanger 15 / pump 16 assembly is such that when the device operates and is pressurized, this assembly makes it possible to keep the target material in circulation essentially in its initial state, that is to say essentially liquid in the case water enriched in 18 O for the production of 18 F.
  • the configuration of the external means of cooling of target material compared to others elements of the device is such that it allows in operating a circulation speed of said material target high enough to allow an exchange of sufficient heat between said device and the medium outside so that the average internal temperature of the device is located below 130 ° C.
  • the external heat exchanger 15 can be made of silver pipes and other materials resistant to radiation, pressure and ions fluorides.
  • copper is unusable and the Nb seems difficult to machine, the money or titanium therefore being the best compromise.
  • tantalum, niobium or palladium being however possible.
  • the production device comprises advantageously further internal means of cooling intended to cool the target material when the device is working.
  • These internal means of cooling here take the form of a double wall 9 which delimits the irradiation cell 1 and which can contain a refrigerant inside circulation.
  • inserts 2 in the device according to the invention is particularly important. Indeed, depending on the type of insert 2 chosen, undesirable secondary products are likely to be generated by irradiation, during the operation of the device. This can indeed produce radioisotopes disintegrating by emission of energetic ⁇ particle and limiting the repairs on cell 1. It can also give secondary products having an influence on the subsequent synthesis of the radiotracer to be marked by 18 F thus produced.
  • a determining parameter also in the choice of the type of material of the inserts of the device according to the invention is the thermal conductivity of this material. This is how silver is a good conductor, but has the disadvantage that after several irradiations, a contaminating silver oxide formation occurs. Titanium is chemically inert but produces 48 V with a half-life of 16 days. Consequently, in the case of titanium, if there is a break in a target window, its replacement will pose serious problems of exposure to ionizing radiation to the engineers responsible for maintenance.
  • Nb which is two and a half times more conductive than titanium but less than silver. Nb produces few isotopes with a long half-life, an example being 92m Nb (parasitic nuclear reaction 93 Nb (p, d) 92m Nb) whose half-life is around ten days. The overall activation of insert 2, measured after irradiation for production, is however low in comparison with the values measured with a comparable titanium insert.
  • N 2 inserts When N 2 inserts are used, these can be covered with palladium, the latter catalyzing the reaction for the formation of 18 H 2 O from H 2 and 18 O 2 , themselves derived from the 18 H 2 O radiolysis during irradiation.
  • the radioisotope production device is a device for producing 18 F from water enriched in 18 O and a beam of protons.
  • the device can work with proton beams accelerated at understood speeds between 5 and 30 MeV, a current intensity ranging from 1 to 150 ⁇ A with an irradiation time from 1 minute to 10 hours.
  • the device has a system of high speed recirculation of enriched water which includes an advantageously combined external heat exchanger 15 internal cooling means 9 in the cell irradiation, as well as a specific positive displacement pump 16 to generate sufficient flow to maintain enriched water (target material) in the liquid state, i.e. about 200 to 500 ml per minute, the passage (transfer) of enriched water through the heat exchanger external heat 15 and the internal means of cooling to obtain cooling of 70 ° of enriched water.
  • the pump used in the embodiment described is the 120 series, supplied by the company Micropump, Inc. ( http://www.micropump.com ).
  • This pump is a gear pump. Equipped with N21 gears, it is capable of delivering 900 ml / min, under a pressure of 5.6 bar.
  • the device further comprises external means of additional cooling which take the form of a other heat exchanger external to the device and intended to cool the irradiation window 7 with helium.
  • window 7 is in Havar or in niobium and with a thickness between 50 and 200 ⁇ m.
  • the pipes used have a internal diameter between 0.5 and 2 mm. This is here very high speed recirculation which can go up to more than one full circuit tour per second.
  • the recirculation is ensured by a pump 16 which can supply a flow between 0.2 and 0.5 L / min with a gradient of significant pressure.
  • a traffic speed requires careful positioning of the inlet duct 4 and outlet conduit 5 in the cavity containing the target liquid. The goal is to create forced circulation through a vortex in this small volume for avoid the subsistence of "static" areas where the material target would circulate little.
  • the inlet duct 4 of the target material has therefore positioned on the same side as the outlet duct 5 of the target material but on an offset plane. This is fine visible in Figure 1. If the two conduits had been positioned face to face, we would inevitably have created a "static" zone within the cavity 8 containing the target material.
  • the target inlet pipe 4 is positioned tangentially in the direction of rounding of the cavity 8.
  • Target circulation within the circuit 17 and therefore of the cavity 8 can also be reversed by so that the inlet duct becomes the duct of exit.
  • the direction of rotation of the liquid within the device of the present invention is above all determined depending on the pressures generated in the circuit and the different components of it.
  • conduit 5 can be used as input for the filling, and outlet for recirculation.
  • the exit 6 serves as an overflow during filling and is connected to the expansion vessel during irradiation.
  • the valve V5 multi-channel can be placed in two positions. In the first position, it allows filling and in the second, high speed traffic during irradiation and evacuation to the FDG module. this is shown in Figure 5A, 5B and 5C.
  • the V6 valve allows provide helium, argon or nitrogen back pressure for the formation of a working "gas cushion" as an expansion tank. Helium, argon or nitrogen generally allow pressurization of all circuit which is done in particular through valves V1 and V3. Valves V2 and V4 are used for filling of the system.
  • the overall target volume contained in the entire device of the invention must not exceed 20 mL which means that the dead volume of the pump should be reduced as much as possible.
  • the heat exchanger external 15 which also contains a very small volume of target liquid, normally less than 10 mL, and preferably less than 5 mL is generally connected to a secondary cooling system (not shown) to dissipate the heat produced by irradiation of the target liquid in the cell irradiation 1.
  • the irradiation cell 1 is necessarily positioned in the axis of the incident beam.
  • the materials of which it is made must therefore be able to withstand the ionizing radiation. It is however possible to arrange pump 16, external heat exchanger 15 and valve V5 so that they are deported to be at sheltered from this radiation.
  • the inventor was able to design a solution in which these components can be brought protected from ionizing radiation by the back flow of the magnet of the cyclotron, without however the length of the pipes does not exceed 20 cm.
  • the device according to the invention allows to produce radioisotopes from a target material irradiated with a particle beam charged produced by a cyclotron. Thanks to its design, the device according to the invention has the advantage to optimize the use of the irradiation capacities of current cyclotrons. Indeed, while the windows 7 currently do not withstand pressures caused by radiation intensities greater than 45 ⁇ A, the device nevertheless allows to use the maximum intensities available on the cyclotrons currently used in nuclear medicine, i.e. approximately 100 ⁇ A.
  • the device allows to use the maximum capacities of current cyclotrons capable of producing radiation intensities exceeding 100 ⁇ A while controlling the temperature rise.
  • Target remains essentially in the liquid state which allows high speed recirculation without defusing the pump.

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Abstract

A radio-isotope production apparatus for irradiating a target material with a beam of charged particles, comprising an irradiation cell (1) with a cavity of 0.25-2.4 ml capacity for the target material, cooled by an external heat exchanger (15), a pump (16) and a pressure unit (14), has the pump generating sufficient flow to keep the target material at a temperature below 130degreesC, while the pressure unit enables it to be maintained in an essentially liquid state. Preferred Features: The cell also has an insert and an internal cooling system in the form of a double wall, with its inlet (4) positioned tangentially to give a vortex flow inside it, and its outlet (5) on the same side but in a different plane. The external heat exchanger is made from a material selected from silver, titanium, tantalum, niobium and/or palladium, and the cell insert is of niobium, niobium/ palladium, silver and/or titanium. The connecting pipes (17) for the components of the apparatus have an inner diameter of between 0.5-2 mm and are made from similar materials to the heat exchanger and insert, with the addition of stainless steel.

Description

Objet de l'inventionSubject of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif et un procédé destiné à la production de radio-isotopes tels que le 18F, par irradiation à l'aide d'un faisceau de protons d'un matériau cible comprenant un précurseur dudit radio-isotope.The present invention relates to a device and a method intended for the production of radioisotopes such as 18 F, by irradiation using a proton beam of a target material comprising a precursor of said radioisotope.

Une des applications de la présente invention concerne la médecine nucléaire.One of the applications of the present invention concerns nuclear medicine.

Arrière-plan technologique et état de la techniqueTechnological background and state of the art

La tomographie par émission de positons est une technique d'imagerie médicale précise et non invasive. En pratique, on injecte dans l'organisme d'un patient un radiopharmaceutique marqué par un radio-isotope émetteur de positons dont la désintégration in situ conduit à l'émission de rayonnements γ. Ces rayonnements γ sont détectés par un dispositif d'imagerie et analysés en vue de reconstruire en trois dimensions la biodistribution du radio-isotope injecté et d'obtenir sa concentration tissulaire.Positron emission tomography is a precise, non-invasive medical imaging technique. In practice, a radiopharmaceutical marked with a positron emitting radioisotope is injected into the body of a patient, the disintegration of which in situ leads to the emission of γ radiation. These γ rays are detected by an imaging device and analyzed in order to reconstruct in three dimensions the biodistribution of the injected radioisotope and to obtain its tissue concentration.

Le fluor 18 (T1/2 = 109,6 min) est le seul des quatre radio-isotopes légers d'intérêt (13N, 11C, 15O, 18F), émetteur de positons, qui présente une demi-vie suffisamment longue pour permettre une utilisation en dehors de son lieu de production. Fluorine 18 (T 1/2 = 109.6 min) is the only one of the four light radioisotopes of interest ( 13 N, 11 C, 15 O, 18 F), positron emitter, which has a half-life long enough to allow use outside of its place of production.

Parmi les nombreux radiopharmaceutiques synthétisés à partir du radio-isotope d'intérêt qu'est le fluor 18, le 2-[18F]fluoro-2-déoxy-D-glucose (FDG), est le plus utilisé en tomographie par émission de positons. Il permet d'analyser le métabolisme du glucose dans les tumeurs, en cardiologie, et dans diverses pathologies du cerveau.Among the many radiopharmaceuticals synthesized from the radioisotope of interest that is fluorine 18, 2- [ 18 F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), is the most used in emission tomography positrons. It makes it possible to analyze the metabolism of glucose in tumors, in cardiology, and in various pathologies of the brain.

Pour produire le 18F, on utilise généralement un dispositif d'irradiation qui comprend une cavité « creusée » dans une pièce métallique et destinée à recevoir le matériau cible. Le 18F est généralement produit à l'aide de ce dispositif de production, par bombardement d'un faisceau de particules chargées, et plus particulièrement de protons, sur le matériau cible préalablement disposé dans ladite cavité. Ce faisceau de particules chargées provient d'un accélérateur tel qu'un cyclotron. La cavité dans laquelle est situé le matériau cible étant fermée par une fenêtre dite « fenêtre d'irradiation » qui peut est traversée par les protons du faisceau d'irradiation, lesdits protons rencontrent le matériau cible et c'est l'interaction desdits protons avec le matériau cible qui génère la réaction nucléaire destinée à la production du radio-isotope d'intérêt.To produce 18 F, an irradiation device is generally used which comprises a cavity "hollowed out" in a metal part and intended to receive the target material. The 18 F is generally produced using this production device, by bombardment of a beam of charged particles, and more particularly of protons, on the target material previously disposed in said cavity. This charged particle beam comes from an accelerator such as a cyclotron. The cavity in which the target material is located being closed by a window called "irradiation window" which can be crossed by the protons of the irradiation beam, said protons meet the target material and it is the interaction of said protons with the target material which generates the nuclear reaction intended for the production of the radioisotope of interest.

Dans le cas particulier de la production de 18F, le matériau cible est constitué d'eau enrichie en 18O (H2 18O).In the particular case of the production of 18 F, the target material consists of water enriched in 18 O (H 2 18 O).

A l'heure actuelle, en raison d'une demande toujours plus importante de radio-isotopes, le matériau cible doit toujours produire davantage de radio-isotope. Cet accroissement de production suppose soit de modifier l'énergie du faisceau de particules chargées (protons), et dans ce cas on augmente la section efficace de la réaction nucléaire, soit de modifier l'intensité dudit faisceau, et dans ce cas il s'agit de modifier le nombre de particules accélérées heurtant le matériau cible.At present, due to demand increasingly important radioisotopes, the material target must always produce more radioisotope. This increase in production supposes either to modify the energy of the charged particle beam (protons), and in this case the cross section of the reaction is increased to modify the intensity of said beam, and in this case it is a question of modifying the number of particles accelerated hitting the target material.

Pour autant, la puissance dissipée par le matériau cible irradié par le faisceau de particules limite l'intensité et/ou l'énergie du faisceau de particules que l'on peut espérer utiliser.However, the power dissipated by the target material irradiated by the boundary particle beam the intensity and / or energy of the particle beam that we can hope to use.

En effet, la puissance dissipée par un matériau cible est liée à l'énergie et l'intensité du faisceau de particules par la relation (1) suivante : P (watt) = E (MeV) x I (µA) avec :

  • P = puissance exprimée en watt
  • E = énergie du faisceau exprimée en MeV (million d'électron Volt)
  • I = intensité du faisceau exprimée en µA (micro Ampère).
Indeed, the power dissipated by a target material is linked to the energy and the intensity of the particle beam by the following relation (1): P (watt) = E (MeV) x I (µA) with:
  • P = power expressed in watts
  • E = beam energy expressed in MeV (million electron Volt)
  • I = beam intensity expressed in µA (micro Ampere).

En d'autres termes, la puissance dissipée par un matériau cible est donc d'autant plus importante que l'intensité et/ou l'énergie du faisceau de particules est importante.In other words, the power dissipated by a target material is therefore all the more important as the intensity and / or energy of the particle beam is important.

On comprendra dès lors que l'on ne puisse augmenter l'énergie et/ou l'intensité du faisceau de particules chargées, sans générer rapidement, au niveau de la cavité du dispositif de production, et notamment au niveau de la fenêtre d'irradiation, des pressions et/ou températures importantes susceptibles de l'endommager.It will therefore be understood that we cannot increase the energy and / or intensity of the beam charged particles, without generating quickly, at the cavity of the production device, and in particular at level of the irradiation window, pressures and / or high temperatures which may damage it.

Dans le cas de la production de 18F, étant donné le coût particulièrement élevé de l'eau enrichie en 18O, on ne dispose dans la cavité qu'un petit volume de ce matériau cible, tout au plus quelques millilitres. De ce fait, le problème de la dissipation de la chaleur produite par l'irradiation du matériau cible sur un tel petit volume constitue un problème majeur à surmonter. Typiquement, pour un volume d'eau enrichie H2 18O de 0,2 à 4 ml, la puissance à dissiper est comprise entre 900 et 1800 watts, pour des courants de 50 à 100 µA de protons accélérés à 18 MeV et pour des durées d'irradiation pouvant aller de quelques minutes à quelques heures.In the case of the production of 18 F, given the particularly high cost of the water enriched in 18 O, only a small volume of this target material is available in the cavity, at most a few milliliters. Therefore, the problem of dissipation of the heat produced by the irradiation of the target material on such a small volume constitutes a major problem to be overcome. Typically, for a volume of enriched water H 2 18 O of 0.2 to 4 ml, the power to be dissipated is between 900 and 1800 watts, for currents of 50 to 100 µA of protons accelerated to 18 MeV and for irradiation times can range from a few minutes to a few hours.

De façon plus générale, étant donné ce problème de dissipation de chaleur par le matériau cible, les intensités d'irradiation en vue de la production de radio-isotopes sont de nos jours limitées à 40 µA pour un volume de matériau cible de 2ml. Or les cyclotrons actuels utilisés en médecine nucléaire sont cependant théoriquement capables d'accélérer des courants de protons de 80 à 100 µA, voire plus. Les possibilités des cyclotrons actuels sont donc incontestablement sous-exploitées et il convient de résoudre de façon urgente ce problème.More generally, given what problem of heat dissipation by the target material, irradiation intensities for the production of radioisotopes are nowadays limited to 40 µA for a target material volume of 2ml. Now the current cyclotrons used in nuclear medicine are theoretically however capable of accelerating proton currents from 80 to 100 µA or more. The possibilities of current cyclotrons are therefore undoubtedly under-exploited and it is advisable to resolve this problem urgently.

Des solutions ont été proposées dans l'état de la technique en vue de surmonter le problème de la dissipation de la chaleur par le matériau cible dans la cavité au sein du dispositif de production du radio-isotope. Il a notamment été proposé des dispositifs munis de moyens de refroidissement du matériau cible.Solutions have been proposed in the state of technique in order to overcome the problem of dissipation of heat by the target material in the cavity within the radioisotope production device. In particular, devices have been proposed means for cooling the target material.

Ainsi, le brevet belge n° 1011263 A6 décrit une cellule d'irradiation comprenant une cavité fermée par une fenêtre et dans laquelle est disposée le matériau cible, ladite cavité étant entourée d'une double paroi permettant la circulation d'un fluide frigorifique pour refroidir ledit matériau cible, la fenêtre étant refroidie à l'hélium.Thus, Belgian patent n ° 1011263 A6 describes an irradiation cell comprising a cavity closed by a window in which the material is placed target, said cavity being surrounded by a double wall allowing the circulation of a refrigerant for cooling said target material, the window being cooled with helium.

Néanmoins, dans ce dispositif, le matériau cible est statique, ce qui confère audit dispositif ainsi configuré une série d'inconvénients dans la mesure où la dissipation de la chaleur dans cette configuration a des limites physiques liées au coefficient d'échange thermique du liquide avec son contenant. Par ailleurs, du fait des températures élevées qui sont atteintes, il est nécessaire de prévoir une pressurisation à des niveaux élevés de l'ensemble du dispositif. Dans les faits, un « monitoring » de la quantité de 18F produite à l'aide d'un tel dispositif est pratiquement impossible, et le résultat en termes d'activité et de rendement n'est donc connu qu'a posteriori. However, in this device, the target material is static, which gives said device thus configured a series of drawbacks insofar as the heat dissipation in this configuration has physical limits related to the heat exchange coefficient of the liquid with its container. Furthermore, because of the high temperatures which are reached, it is necessary to provide pressurization at high levels of the entire device. In fact, a "monitoring" of the amount of 18 F produced using such a device is practically impossible, and the result in terms of activity and yield is therefore known only a posteriori.

Il a également été proposé d'utiliser (publication de Jongen et Morelle, Symposium international « Proceedings of the third workshop on targetry and target chemistry », http://www.triumf.ca/wttc/proceedings.html, Vancouver, juin 1989) un dispositif comprenant une cellule d'irradiation avec une cavité contenant un matériau cible et un échangeur de chaleur externe dans lequel ledit matériau cible H2 18O est recirculé pour être refroidie. Par rapport au dispositif de l'état de la technique précédemment cité, ce dispositif présente donc l'avantage d'utiliser un matériau cible que l'on peut qualifier de « dynamique » puisqu'il est recirculé. Pour autant, ce dispositif et procédé n'ont cependant pas été détaillés et se heurtent en pratique à des difficultés techniques majeures.It has also been proposed to use (publication by Jongen and Morelle, International Symposium "Proceedings of the third workshop on targetry and target chemistry", http://www.triumf.ca/wttc/proceedings.html , Vancouver, June 1989 ) a device comprising an irradiation cell with a cavity containing a target material and an external heat exchanger in which said target material H 2 18 O is recirculated to be cooled. Compared to the device of the prior art cited above, this device therefore has the advantage of using a target material which can be described as "dynamic" since it is recirculated. However, this device and process have not been detailed, however, and face major technical difficulties in practice.

Buts de l'inventionAims of the invention

La présente invention vise à proposer un dispositif et un procédé destinés à la production de radio-isotopes, et en particulier de 18F, à partir d'un matériau cible irradié par un faisceau de particules chargées qui ne présentent pas les inconvénients des dispositifs et procédés de l'état de la technique.The present invention aims to provide a device and a method intended for the production of radioisotopes, and in particular 18 F, from a target material irradiated by a beam of charged particles which do not have the drawbacks of the devices and state of the art processes.

En particulier, la présente invention vise à fournir un dispositif destiné à la production de radio-isotopes, et en particulier de 18F, et capable de fonctionner avec un faisceau de protons dont l'intensité de courant est élevée, c'est-à-dire supérieure à 40 µA. In particular, the present invention aims to provide a device intended for the production of radioisotopes, and in particular of 18 F, and capable of operating with a beam of protons whose current intensity is high, that is to say - say greater than 40 µA.

Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif qui assure en fonctionnement, c'est-à-dire lors de la production de radio-isotope, un échange thermique suffisant avec le milieu extérieur, pour que sa température moyenne reste inférieure à une température moyenne seuil, ladite température moyenne seuil étant de préférence située autour de 130°C.Another object of the invention is to provide a device which ensures in operation, that is to say during of radioisotope production, heat exchange sufficient with the external environment, so that its temperature mean remains below an average threshold temperature, said average threshold temperature preferably being located around 130 ° C.

Éléments caractéristiques de l'inventionCharacter-defining elements of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif de production d'un radio-isotope à partir d'un matériau cible irradié à l'aide d'un faisceau de particules chargées, ledit dispositif comprenant :

  • une cellule d'irradiation comprenant un insert avec une fenêtre d'irradiation et une cavité destinée à recevoir un matériau cible, ladite cavité comprenant au moins un conduit d'entrée et au moins un conduit de sortie;
  • des moyens de refroidissement externes à ladite cellule d'irradiation se présentant sous la forme d'au moins un échangeur externe de chaleur;
  • une pompe;
  • et un moyen de pressurisation,
caractérisé en ce que :
  • ladite pompe génère un débit suffisant pour maintenir ledit matériau cible à une température inférieure à 130°C,
  • et ledit moyen de pressurisation, permet audit matériau cible de rester essentiellement à l'état liquide.
The present invention relates to a device for producing a radioisotope from a target material irradiated using a beam of charged particles, said device comprising:
  • an irradiation cell comprising an insert with an irradiation window and a cavity intended to receive a target material, said cavity comprising at least one inlet duct and at least one outlet duct;
  • cooling means external to said irradiation cell taking the form of at least one external heat exchanger;
  • a pump;
  • and a means of pressurization,
characterized in that:
  • said pump generates a sufficient flow rate to maintain said target material at a temperature below 130 ° C.,
  • and said pressurizing means, allows said target material to remain essentially in the liquid state.

De préférence, ce dispositif comprend en outre des moyens de refroidissement internes à ladite cellule d'irradiation, lesdits moyens de refroidissement internes prenant la forme d'une double paroi remplie d'un liquide de refroidissement et qui équipe ladite cellule d'irradiation.Preferably, this device comprises in in addition to internal cooling means to said irradiation cell, said cooling means interns taking the form of a double wall filled with a coolant and which equips said cell irradiation.

De préférence, l'échangeur de chaleur externe est essentiellement constitué d'un matériau choisi parmi le groupe constitué par l'argent, le titane, le tantale, le niobium et/ou le palladium.Preferably, the external heat exchanger essentially consists of a material chosen from group consisting of silver, titanium, tantalum, niobium and / or palladium.

De préférence, l'insert est essentiellement constitué d'un matériau sélectionné parmi le groupe constitué par le Niobium, le Niobium/Palladium, l'argent ou le titane.Preferably, the insert is essentially made of a material selected from the group consisting of Niobium, Niobium / Palladium, silver or titanium.

De préférence, ledit conduit d'entrée est positionné de façon essentiellement tangentielle à ladite cavité afin de créer un vortex d'écoulement dans celle-ci. On entend par « essentiellement tangentielle » le fait que le conduit d'entrée forme avec la tangente de la cavité assimilée à une sphère, un angle de plus ou moins 25°.Preferably, said inlet duct is positioned essentially tangential to said cavity to create a flow vortex therein. “Essentially tangential” means that the inlet duct forms with the tangent of the cavity assimilated to a sphere, an angle of plus or minus 25 °.

De préférence, ledit conduit de sortie n'est pas situé dans le même plan, mais du même côté que le conduit d'entrée.Preferably, said outlet duct is not not located in the same plane, but on the same side as the inlet duct.

De préférence, ladite cavité est capable de contenir un volume de matériau cible compris entre 0.25 et 2.4 mL.Preferably, said cavity is capable of contain a volume of target material between 0.25 and 2.4 mL.

De préférence, ladite cavité a un diamètre inférieur à 25 mm et une profondeur minimale de 3,5 mm.Preferably, said cavity has a diameter less than 25 mm and a minimum depth of 3.5 mm.

De préférence, le dispositif selon l'invention est configuré pour contenir dans son ensemble un volume global du matériau cible qui est inférieur à 20 mL.Preferably, the device according to the invention is configured to contain as a whole an overall volume of the target material which is less than 20 mL.

De préférence, les différents éléments dudit dispositif sont interconnectés entre eux par des tuyaux (17) ayant un diamètre intérieur compris entre 0.5 et 2 mm.Preferably, the various elements of said device are interconnected with each other by pipes (17) having an internal diameter between 0.5 and 2 mm.

De préférence, le dispositif est tel que le sens de circulation du matériau cible à l'intérieur du dispsoitif peut être inversé en fonction de la disposition des différents éléments constitutifs de celui-ci.Preferably, the device is such that the direction of flow of the target material inside the device can be reversed depending on the layout of the various constituent elements of it.

De préférence, lesdits tuyaux reliant les différents éléments du dispositifs sont essentiellement constitués d'un matériau choisi parmi le groupe du tantale, du titane, du niobium, du palladium, de l'inox et/ou de l'argent.Preferably, said pipes connecting the different elements of the devices are basically made of a material chosen from the tantalum group, titanium, niobium, palladium, stainless steel and / or money.

La présente invention se rapporte également à un procédé de fabrication de radio-isotopes par l'intermédiaire d'une cellule d'irradiation dans laquelle on a placé un insert avec une fenêtre et une cavité contenant un matériau cible, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau cible est recirculé à travers au moins un conduit d'entrée et au moins un conduit de sortie de la cavité en y créant un vortex d'écoulement et à travers un échangeur de chaleur externe à ladite cellule d'irradiation, par une pompe ayant un débit suffisant pour refroidir le matériau cible cible, le dispositif étant pressurisé de façon à maintenir la cible essentiellement à l'état liquide.The present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing radioisotopes by through an irradiation cell in which we placed an insert with a window and a cavity containing a target material, characterized in that said target material is recirculated through at least one conduit inlet and at least one outlet pipe from the cavity at y creating a flow vortex and through a heat exchanger heat external to said irradiation cell, by a pump with sufficient flow to cool the material target target, the device being pressurized so as to maintain the target essentially in a liquid state.

De préférence, le sens de circulation du matériau cible dans le dispositif peut être inversé de façon à ce que le conduit d'entrée devienne le conduit de sortie et que le conduit de sortie devienne le conduit d'entrée (4) du matériau cible.Preferably, the direction of circulation of the target material in the device can be reversed from so that the inlet duct becomes the duct of outlet and the outlet duct becomes the duct inlet (4) of the target material.

De préférence, ladite pompe débite au moins 200mL/min pendant toute la durée de l'irradiation.Preferably, said pump delivers at least 200mL / min for the duration of the irradiation.

Enfin, la présente invention concerne également l'utilisation du dispositif et/ou du procédé selon l'invention pour la fabrication de radio-isotopes.Finally, the present invention relates to also the use of the device and / or the process according to the invention for the manufacture of radioisotopes.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

La figure 1 représente une vue en plan de la cellule d'irradiation de la présente invention, vue dans le sens de la flèche X des figures 2 et 3. Figure 1 shows a plan view of the irradiation cell of the present invention, seen in the direction of arrow X in Figures 2 and 3.

La figure 2 représente une coupe selon les plans A-A de la cellule d'irradiation.Figure 2 shows a section along the A-A shots of the radiation cell.

La figure 3 représente une coupe selon les plans B-B de la cellule d'irradiation.Figure 3 shows a section along the B-B shots of irradiation cell.

La figure 4 représente un schéma d'ensemble d'un dispositif de production de radio-isotopes comprenant le dispositif de la présente invention.Figure 4 shows an overall diagram a device for producing radioisotopes comprising the device of the present invention.

La figure 5 A représente la procédure de remplissage du dispositif selon l'invention.Figure 5A shows the procedure for filling the device according to the invention.

La figure 5 B représente le schéma de flux de la cible durant le remplissageFigure 5B shows the flow diagram for the target during filling

La figure 5 C représente l'acheminement de la cible après irradiation vers le module FDG.Figure 5C shows the routing of the target after irradiation to the FDG module.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

Ainsi qu'illustré sur les figures 1 à 3, le dispositif selon la présente invention comprend une cellule d'irradiation 1 et qui constitue l'ensemble mécanique qui, lors du fonctionnement dudit dispositif, est soumis à l'irradiation.As illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the device according to the present invention comprises a cell irradiation 1 and which constitutes the mechanical assembly which, during the operation of said device, is subject to irradiation.

La cellule d'irradiation 1 comprend un insert 2 qui est une pièce métallique dans laquelle est « creusée » un volume correspondant à une cavité 8. L'insert 2 comprend donc la cavité 8. Cette cavité 8 a une configuration telle qu'elle peut recevoir le matériau cible à partir duquel le dispositif est capable de produire le radio-isotope d'intérêt, c'est-à-dire le 18F en l'occurrence ici.The irradiation cell 1 comprises an insert 2 which is a metal part in which a volume corresponding to a cavity is “hollowed out”. The insert 2 therefore comprises the cavity 8. This cavity 8 has a configuration such that it can receive the target material from which the device is capable of producing the radioisotope of interest, that is to say the 18 F in this case here.

La cellule d'irradiation 1 est par ailleurs munie de conduits d'arrivée 5,6 et de départ 6,5 pour l'acheminement ou la circulation du matériau cible. Les conduits d'arrivée 5,6/de départ 6,5 permettent l'arrivée/le départ du matériau cible ou inversement, selon le sens de circulation du matériau cible au sein du dispositif en fonctionnement (arrivée et départ inversés).The irradiation cell 1 is also fitted with 5.6 and 6.5 outlet pipes for the delivery or circulation of the target material. The 5.6 inlet / 6.5 outlet ducts allow the arrival / departure of the target material or vice versa, depending on the direction of flow of the target material within the device in operation (reverse arrival and departure).

On notera que de préférence la cavité 8 destinée à contenir le matériau cible est obturée par une fenêtre dite fenêtre d'irradiation 7.It will be noted that preferably the cavity 8 intended to contain the target material is closed by a window called irradiation window 7.

Le dispositif est conçu pour fonctionner avec un matériau cible à l'état de fluide c'est-à-dire liquide et/ou gazeux.The device is designed to work with a target material in the fluid state, that is to say liquid and / or gaseous.

Dans la présente invention, le dispositif comprend également des moyens externes de refroidissement destinés à refroidir le matériau cible lorsque le dispositif fonctionne.In the present invention, the device also includes external cooling means intended to cool the target material when the device works.

De manière particulièrement avantageuse, ces moyens de externe de refroidissement du matériau cible prennent la forme d'un échangeur de chaleur externe 15. Cet échangeur externe de chaleur 15 est de préférence couplé à une pompe 16 à haut débit, qui est de préférence une pompe volumétrique spécifique.Particularly advantageously, these means of external cooling of the target material take the form of an external heat exchanger 15. This external heat exchanger 15 is preferably coupled to a high-flow pump 16, which is preferably a pump specific volumetric.

L'ensemble échangeur externe de chaleur 15/pompe 16 est tel que lorsque le dispositif fonctionne et est pressurisé, cet ensemble permet de maintenir le matériau cible en circulation essentiellement dans son état initial, c'est-à-dire essentiellement liquide dans le cas de l'eau enrichie en 18O pour la production de 18F.The external heat exchanger 15 / pump 16 assembly is such that when the device operates and is pressurized, this assembly makes it possible to keep the target material in circulation essentially in its initial state, that is to say essentially liquid in the case water enriched in 18 O for the production of 18 F.

En d'autres termes, dans la présente invention, la configuration des moyens externes de refroidissement du matériau cible par rapport aux autres éléments du dispositif est telle qu'elle permet en fonctionnement une vitesse de circulation dudit matériau cible suffisamment élevée pour permettre un échange de chaleur suffisant entre ledit dispositif et le milieu extérieur pour que la température interne moyenne du dispositif se situe en dessous de 130° C. In other words, in this invention, the configuration of the external means of cooling of target material compared to others elements of the device is such that it allows in operating a circulation speed of said material target high enough to allow an exchange of sufficient heat between said device and the medium outside so that the average internal temperature of the device is located below 130 ° C.

L'échangeur de chaleur externe 15 peut être constitué de tuyaux en argent ainsi que d'autres matériaux résistant aux rayonnements, à la pression et aux ions fluorures. Pour cette application, le cuivre est inutilisable et le Nb paraít difficile à usiner, l'argent ou le titane étant donc le meilleur compromis. L'utilisation de tantale, niobium ou palladium étant cependant possible.The external heat exchanger 15 can be made of silver pipes and other materials resistant to radiation, pressure and ions fluorides. For this application, copper is unusable and the Nb seems difficult to machine, the money or titanium therefore being the best compromise. The use of tantalum, niobium or palladium being however possible.

Selon une forme préférée d'exécution de l'invention, le dispositif de production comprend avantageusement en outre des moyens internes de refroidissement destinés à refroidir le matériau cible lorsque le dispositif fonctionne. Ces moyens internes de refroidissement prennent ici la forme d'une double paroi 9 qui délimite la cellule d'irradiation 1 et qui peut contenir à l'intérieur un fluide frigorifique en circulation.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the production device comprises advantageously further internal means of cooling intended to cool the target material when the device is working. These internal means of cooling here take the form of a double wall 9 which delimits the irradiation cell 1 and which can contain a refrigerant inside circulation.

Il faut par ailleurs noter que le choix des inserts 2 dans le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement important. En effet, selon le type d'insert 2 choisi, des produits secondaires non désirables sont susceptibles d'être générés par l'irradiation, lors du fonctionnement du dispositif. Celle-ci peut en effet produire des radio-isotopes se désintégrant par émission de particule γ énergétique et limitant les réparations sur la cellule 1. Elle peut aussi donner des produits secondaires ayant une influence sur la synthèse ultérieure du radiotraceur à marquer par le 18F ainsi produit.It should also be noted that the choice of inserts 2 in the device according to the invention is particularly important. Indeed, depending on the type of insert 2 chosen, undesirable secondary products are likely to be generated by irradiation, during the operation of the device. This can indeed produce radioisotopes disintegrating by emission of energetic γ particle and limiting the repairs on cell 1. It can also give secondary products having an influence on the subsequent synthesis of the radiotracer to be marked by 18 F thus produced.

Un paramètre déterminant également dans le choix du type de matériau des inserts du dispositif selon l'invention est la conductivité thermique de ce matériau. C'est ainsi que l'argent est un bon conducteur mais présente l'inconvénient qu'après plusieurs irradiations, il se produit une formation d'oxyde d'argent contaminante. Le titane est inerte chimiquement mais produit du 48V ayant un temps de demi-vie de 16 jours. Par conséquent, dans le cas du titane, s'il y a bris d'une fenêtre de la cible, son remplacement posera de sérieux problèmes d'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants aux ingénieurs chargés de la maintenance.A determining parameter also in the choice of the type of material of the inserts of the device according to the invention is the thermal conductivity of this material. This is how silver is a good conductor, but has the disadvantage that after several irradiations, a contaminating silver oxide formation occurs. Titanium is chemically inert but produces 48 V with a half-life of 16 days. Consequently, in the case of titanium, if there is a break in a target window, its replacement will pose serious problems of exposure to ionizing radiation to the engineers responsible for maintenance.

On utilise également pour les inserts 2 le Nb qui est deux fois et demi plus conducteur que le titane mais moins que l'argent. Le Nb produit peu d'isotopes à long temps de demi-vie, un exemple étant le 92mNb (réaction nucléaire parasite 93Nb (p, d) 92mNb) dont le temps de demi-vie est d'une dizaine de jours. L'activation globale de l'insert 2, mesurée après irradiation pour production, est toutefois faible en comparaison des valeurs mesurées avec un insert en titane comparable.Also used for the inserts 2 is Nb which is two and a half times more conductive than titanium but less than silver. Nb produces few isotopes with a long half-life, an example being 92m Nb (parasitic nuclear reaction 93 Nb (p, d) 92m Nb) whose half-life is around ten days. The overall activation of insert 2, measured after irradiation for production, is however low in comparison with the values measured with a comparable titanium insert.

Dans le cas d'utilisation d'inserts 2 en Nb, ceux-ci peuvent être recouverts de palladium, ce dernier catalysant la réaction de formation de 18H2O à partir de H2 et 18O2, eux-mêmes issus de la radiolyse de l'18H2O pendant l'irradiation.When N 2 inserts are used, these can be covered with palladium, the latter catalyzing the reaction for the formation of 18 H 2 O from H 2 and 18 O 2 , themselves derived from the 18 H 2 O radiolysis during irradiation.

Exemple préféré de réalisationPreferred example of realization

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, le dispositif de production de radio-isotope est un dispositif de production de 18F à partir d'eau enrichie en 18O et d'un faisceau de protons.In this embodiment, the radioisotope production device is a device for producing 18 F from water enriched in 18 O and a beam of protons.

Le dispositif peut fonctionner avec des faisceaux de protons accélérés à des vitesses comprises entre 5 et 30 MeV, une intensité de courant allant de 1 à 150 µA avec une durée d'irradiation de 1 minute à 10 heures.The device can work with proton beams accelerated at understood speeds between 5 and 30 MeV, a current intensity ranging from 1 to 150 µA with an irradiation time from 1 minute to 10 hours.

Le dispositif présente un système de recirculation à grande vitesse de l'eau enrichie qui inclut un échangeur externe 15 de chaleur avantageusement combiné à des moyens de refroidissement internes 9 à la cellule d'irradiation, ainsi qu'une pompe volumétrique spécifique 16 permettant de générer un débit suffisant pour maintenir l'eau enrichie (matériau cible) à l'état liquide, c'est-à-dire environ 200 à 500 ml par minute, le passage (transfert) de l'eau enrichie à travers l'échangeur de chaleur externe 15 et les moyens internes de refroidissement permettant d'obtenir un refroidissement de 70° de l'eau enrichie.The device has a system of high speed recirculation of enriched water which includes an advantageously combined external heat exchanger 15 internal cooling means 9 in the cell irradiation, as well as a specific positive displacement pump 16 to generate sufficient flow to maintain enriched water (target material) in the liquid state, i.e. about 200 to 500 ml per minute, the passage (transfer) of enriched water through the heat exchanger external heat 15 and the internal means of cooling to obtain cooling of 70 ° of enriched water.

On notera que la pompe utilisée dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit est la série 120, fournie par la société Micropump, Inc. (http://www.micropump.com). Cette pompe est une pompe à engrenages. Munie des engrenages N21, elle est capable de débiter 900 ml/min, sous une pression de 5,6 bar.It will be noted that the pump used in the embodiment described is the 120 series, supplied by the company Micropump, Inc. ( http://www.micropump.com ). This pump is a gear pump. Equipped with N21 gears, it is capable of delivering 900 ml / min, under a pressure of 5.6 bar.

Dans le présent exemple de réalsisation, le dispositif comprend en outre des moyens externes de refroidissement supplémentaires qui prennent la forme d'un autre échangeur de chaleur externe au dispositif et destiné à refroidir le fenêtre d'irradiation 7 à l'hélium.In this example of realization, the device further comprises external means of additional cooling which take the form of a other heat exchanger external to the device and intended to cool the irradiation window 7 with helium.

Par ailleurs, la fenêtre 7 est en Havar ou en niobium et d'une épaisseur comprise entre 50 et 200 µm.In addition, window 7 is in Havar or in niobium and with a thickness between 50 and 200 µm.

Il faut noter que l'on peut envisager de façon intéressante en termes de performances que dans le dispositif, le refroidissement du matériau cible puisse aussi se faire uniquement par l'échange de chaleur externe. Mais il faut noter qu'avec les seuls moyens 9 de refroidissement internes 9 à la cellule d'irradiation 1, l'irradiation serait limitée à environ 40 µA et donc d'un intérêt tout relatif.It should be noted that one can consider interesting way in terms of performance than in the device, cooling the target material could also only by external heat exchange. But it should be noted that with the only means 9 of internal cooling 9 at the irradiation cell 1, irradiation would be limited to approximately 40 µA and therefore of one all relative interest.

On évacue donc le liquide cible de la cellule 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit 17 vers un échangeur de chaleur 15 se trouvant à l'extérieur de cette cellule 1 pour ensuite ramener le liquide cible refroidi vers la cellule d'irradiation 1. Les tuyaux utilisés ont un diamètre intérieur compris entre 0.5 et 2 mm. Il s'agit ici d'une recirculation à très haute vitesse pouvant aller jusqu'à plus de un tour complet de circuit par seconde. La recirculation est assurée par une pompe 16 pouvant fournir un débit entre 0.2 et 0.5 L/min avec un gradient de pression important. Une telle vitesse de circulation nécessite un positionnement judicieux du conduit d'entrée 4 et du conduit de sortie 5 dans la cavité contenant le liquide cible. Le but est de créer une circulation forcée par l'intermédiaire d'un vortex dans ce petit volume pour éviter la subsistance de zones « statiques » où le matériau cible circulerait peu.We therefore evacuate the target liquid from the cell 1 via a circuit 17 to a heat exchanger heat 15 outside this cell 1 and then bring the cooled target liquid back to the irradiation cell 1. The pipes used have a internal diameter between 0.5 and 2 mm. This is here very high speed recirculation which can go up to more than one full circuit tour per second. The recirculation is ensured by a pump 16 which can supply a flow between 0.2 and 0.5 L / min with a gradient of significant pressure. Such a traffic speed requires careful positioning of the inlet duct 4 and outlet conduit 5 in the cavity containing the target liquid. The goal is to create forced circulation through a vortex in this small volume for avoid the subsistence of "static" areas where the material target would circulate little.

Le conduit d'entrée 4 du matériau cible a donc été positionné du même coté que le conduit de sortie 5 du matériau cible mais sur un plan décalé. Ceci est bien visible sur la figure 1. Si les deux conduits avaient été positionnés face à face, on aurait inévitablement créé une zone « statique » au sein de la cavité 8 contenant le matériau cible.The inlet duct 4 of the target material has therefore positioned on the same side as the outlet duct 5 of the target material but on an offset plane. This is fine visible in Figure 1. If the two conduits had been positioned face to face, we would inevitably have created a "static" zone within the cavity 8 containing the target material.

Pour entraíner la formation du vortex mentionné plus haut, le conduit d'entrée 4 de la cible est positionné de façon tangentielle dans le sens de l'arrondi de la cavité 8.To train the vortex mentioned above, the target inlet pipe 4 is positioned tangentially in the direction of rounding of the cavity 8.

La circulation de la cible au sein du circuit 17 et donc de la cavité 8 peut également être inversée de façon à ce que le conduit d'entrée devienne le conduit de sortie. Le sens de rotation du liquide au sein du dispositif de la présente invention est surtout déterminé en fonction des pressions générées dans le circuit et des différents éléments constitutifs de celui-ci.Target circulation within the circuit 17 and therefore of the cavity 8 can also be reversed by so that the inlet duct becomes the duct of exit. The direction of rotation of the liquid within the device of the present invention is above all determined depending on the pressures generated in the circuit and the different components of it.

Par ailleurs, le remplissage et la vidange de la cavité 8 se font également par ces conduits et à ce titre le conduit 5 peut servir d'entrée pour le remplissage, et de sortie pour la recirculation. La sortie 6 sert de trop plein lors du remplissage et est connectée au vase d'expansion durant l'irradiation. Ceci est schématiquement représenté dans la figure 4. La vanne multivoie V5 peut être placée dans deux positions. Dans la première position, elle permet le remplissage et dans la seconde, la circulation à haute vitesse durant l'irradiation et l'évacuation vers le module FDG. Ceci est montré dans la figure 5A, 5B et 5C. La vanne V6 permet de fournir une contre pression d'hélium, d'argon ou d'azote pour la formation d'un « coussin de gaz » fonctionnant comme vase d'expansion. L'hélium, l'argon ou l'azote permettent de façon générale une pressurisation de tout le circuit qui se fait notamment par l'intermédiaire des vannes V1 et V3. Les vannes V2 et V4 servent au remplissage du système.In addition, filling and emptying of the cavity 8 is also made by these conduits and at this title conduit 5 can be used as input for the filling, and outlet for recirculation. The exit 6 serves as an overflow during filling and is connected to the expansion vessel during irradiation. this is schematically shown in Figure 4. The valve V5 multi-channel can be placed in two positions. In the first position, it allows filling and in the second, high speed traffic during irradiation and evacuation to the FDG module. this is shown in Figure 5A, 5B and 5C. The V6 valve allows provide helium, argon or nitrogen back pressure for the formation of a working "gas cushion" as an expansion tank. Helium, argon or nitrogen generally allow pressurization of all circuit which is done in particular through valves V1 and V3. Valves V2 and V4 are used for filling of the system.

Le volume global de cible contenu dans l'entièreté du dispositif de l'invention ne doit pas dépasser 20 mL ce qui signifie que le volume mort de la pompe doit être réduit au maximum. L'échangeur de chaleur externe 15 qui contient également un très petit volume de liquide cible, normalement inférieur à 10 mL, et de préférence inférieur à 5 mL est généralement raccordé à un circuit de refroidissement secondaire (non représenté) permettant de dissiper la chaleur produite par l'irradiation du liquide cible dans la cellule d'irradiation 1.The overall target volume contained in the entire device of the invention must not exceed 20 mL which means that the dead volume of the pump should be reduced as much as possible. The heat exchanger external 15 which also contains a very small volume of target liquid, normally less than 10 mL, and preferably less than 5 mL is generally connected to a secondary cooling system (not shown) to dissipate the heat produced by irradiation of the target liquid in the cell irradiation 1.

La cellule d'irradiation 1 est nécessairement positionnée dans l'axe du faisceau incident. Les matériaux dont elle est constituée doivent donc pouvoir résister au rayonnement ionisant. Il est cependant possible d'agencer la pompe 16, l'échangeur de chaleur externe 15 et la vanne V5 de manière à ce que ceux-ci soient déportés pour être à l'abri de ce rayonnement. L'inventeur a pu concevoir une solution dans laquelle ces composants peuvent être mis à l'abri du rayonnement ionisant par les retour de flux de l'aimant du cyclotron, sans pour autant que la longueur des canalisations n'excède 20 cm.The irradiation cell 1 is necessarily positioned in the axis of the incident beam. The materials of which it is made must therefore be able to withstand the ionizing radiation. It is however possible to arrange pump 16, external heat exchanger 15 and valve V5 so that they are deported to be at sheltered from this radiation. The inventor was able to design a solution in which these components can be brought protected from ionizing radiation by the back flow of the magnet of the cyclotron, without however the length of the pipes does not exceed 20 cm.

Différentes formes d'échangeur bien connues de l'homme de métier peuvent être utilisées. Sans être limitatif, nous citerons les échangeurs à serpentin ou avec un tuyau à double paroi ou encore un échangeur à tube ou à plaques. Les seules contraintes d'un tel échangeur étant un volume mort très faible ne dépassant pas quelques mL, une perte de charge minime et bien entendu un pouvoir d'échange maximalisé (entre 1 et 2.5 kW) tout en résistant à des pH acides (compris entre 2 et 7), à de l'eau oxygénée ou à d'autres produits résultant de l'irradiation.Different well-known forms of heat exchanger skilled in the art can be used. Without being restrictive, we will mention coil exchangers or with a double wall pipe or a tube or pipe exchanger plates. The only constraints of such an exchanger being a very low dead volume not exceeding a few mL, a minimal pressure drop and of course a power of exchange maximized (between 1 and 2.5 kW) while resisting pH acids (between 2 and 7), hydrogen peroxide or other products resulting from irradiation.

En résumé, le dispositif selon l'invention permet de produire des radio-isotopes à partir d'un matériau cible irradié par un faisceau de particules chargées produites par un cyclotron. Grâce à sa conception, le dispositif selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'optimiser l'utilisation des capacités d'irradiation des cyclotrons actuels. En effet, alors que les fenêtres d'irradiation 7 ne résistent actuellement pas à des pressions entraínées par des intensités d'irradiation supérieures à 45 µA, le dispositif permet cependant d'utiliser les intensités maximales disponibles sur les cyclotrons utilisés actuellement en médecine nucléaire, c'est à dire environ 100 µA.In summary, the device according to the invention allows to produce radioisotopes from a target material irradiated with a particle beam charged produced by a cyclotron. Thanks to its design, the device according to the invention has the advantage to optimize the use of the irradiation capacities of current cyclotrons. Indeed, while the windows 7 currently do not withstand pressures caused by radiation intensities greater than 45 µA, the device nevertheless allows to use the maximum intensities available on the cyclotrons currently used in nuclear medicine, i.e. approximately 100 µA.

De manière générale, le dispositif permet d'utiliser les capacités maximales des cyclotrons actuels pouvant produire des intensités d'irradiation dépassant 100 µA tout en maítrisant l'élévation de température. La cible reste donc essentiellement à l'état liquide ce qui permet une recirculation à grande vitesse sans désamorçage de la pompe.In general, the device allows to use the maximum capacities of current cyclotrons capable of producing radiation intensities exceeding 100 µA while controlling the temperature rise. Target remains essentially in the liquid state which allows high speed recirculation without defusing the pump.

Le fait de pouvoir irradier un matériau cible à 80 µA plutôt qu'à 40µA permet de produire davantage de 18F ce qui est économiquement très intéressant. Being able to irradiate a target material at 80 µA rather than 40µA makes it possible to produce more than 18 F which is economically very advantageous.

LégendeLegend

  • 1. Cellule d'irradiation1. Irradiation cell
  • 2. Insert en Nb ou Nb/Pd2. Insert in Nb or Nb / Pd
  • 3. Port pour l'entrée d'eau de refroidissement interne à la cellule d'irradiation.3. Port for internal cooling water inlet to the irradiation cell.
  • 4. Conduit d'entrée d'H2 18O pour la recirculation durant l'irradiation4. H 2 18 O inlet duct for recirculation during irradiation
  • 5. Conduit de sortie d'H2 18O pour la recirculation durant l'irradiation et entrée pour le remplissage de la cavité5. H 2 18 O outlet duct for recirculation during irradiation and inlet for filling the cavity
  • 6. Trop plein d'H2 18O connecté au vase d'expansion6. Overflow of H 2 18 O connected to the expansion tank
  • 7. Fenêtre d'irradiation de la cellule7. Cell irradiation window
  • 8. Cavité contenant la cible à irradier8. Cavity containing the target to be irradiated
  • 9. Liquide de refroidissement interne à la cellule d'irradiation9. Internal cell coolant irradiation
  • 10. Réservoir accueillant le trop plein10. Tank holding the overflow
  • 11. Seringue11. Syringe
  • 12. Réservoir d' H2 18O12. H 2 18 O tank
  • 13. Sortie vers un module de synthèse de chimie, tel que par exemple le module FDG13. Exit to a chemistry synthesis module, such as for example the FDG module
  • 14. Vase d'expansion- moyen de pressurisation14. Expansion vessel - pressurization means
  • 15. Échangeur de chaleur externe15. External heat exchanger
  • 16. Pompe16. Pump
  • 17. Tuyaux de connexion
    Figure 00190001
    Figure 00200001
    Figure 00210001
    17. Connection pipes
    Figure 00190001
    Figure 00200001
    Figure 00210001
  • Claims (16)

    Dispositif de production d'un radio-isotope à partir d'un matériau cible irradié à l'aide d'un faisceau de particules chargées, ledit dispositif comprenant : une cellule d'irradiation (1) comprenant un insert (2) avec une fenêtre (7) et une cavité (8) destinée à recevoir un matériau cible, ladite cavité (8) comprenant au moins un conduit d'entrée (4) et au moins un conduit de sortie (5) ; des moyens de refroidissement externes à ladite cellule d'irradiation (1) se présentant sous la forme d'au moins un échangeur externe de chaleur (15); une pompe (16) ; et un moyen de pressurisation (14), caractérisé en ce que : ladite pompe (16) génère un débit suffisant pour maintenir ledit matériau cible à une température inférieure à 130° C, et ledit moyen de pressurisation (14), permet audit matériau cible de rester essentiellement à l'état liquide. Device for producing a radioisotope from a target material irradiated using a beam of charged particles, said device comprising: an irradiation cell (1) comprising an insert (2) with a window (7) and a cavity (8) intended to receive a target material, said cavity (8) comprising at least one inlet duct (4) and at least one outlet duct (5); cooling means external to said irradiation cell (1) being in the form of at least one external heat exchanger (15); a pump (16); and a pressurization means (14), characterized in that : said pump (16) generates a sufficient flow to maintain said target material at a temperature below 130 ° C, and said pressurizing means (14) allows said target material to remain essentially in the liquid state. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des moyens de refroidissement internes à ladite cellule d'irradiation (1), lesdits moyens de refroidissement internes prenant la forme d'une double paroi qui équipe ladite cellule d'irradiation (1).Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it further comprises cooling means internal to said irradiation cell (1), said internal cooling means taking the form of a double wall which equips said irradiation cell ( 1). Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur externe (15) est essentiellement constitué d'un matériau choisi parmi le groupe constitué par l'argent, le titane, le tantale, le niobium et/ou le palladium. Device according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the external heat exchanger (15) consists essentially of a material chosen from the group consisting of silver, titanium, tantalum, niobium and / or palladium . Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'insert(2) est essentiellement constitué d'un matériau choisi parmi le groupe du Niobium, du Niobium/Palladium, de l'argent et/ou du titane.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insert (2) consists essentially of a material chosen from the group of Niobium, Niobium / Palladium, silver and / or titanium. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit d'entrée (4) est positionné de façon essentiellement tangentielle à ladite cavité (8) afin de créer un vortex d'écoulement dans celle-ci.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said inlet conduit (4) is positioned essentially tangential to said cavity (8) in order to create a flow vortex therein. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit de sortie (5) n'est pas situé dans le même plan, mais du même côté que le conduit d'entrée (4).Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said outlet duct (5) is not situated in the same plane, but on the same side as the inlet duct (4). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite cavité (8) est capable de contenir un volume de matériau cible compris entre 0.25 et 2.4 mL.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cavity (8) is capable of containing a volume of target material of between 0.25 and 2.4 mL. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que ladite cavité (8) a un diamètre inférieur à 25 mm et une profondeur minimale de 3,5 mm.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said cavity (8) has a diameter less than 25 mm and a minimum depth of 3.5 mm. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est configuré pour contenir dans son ensemble un volume global du matériau cible qui est inférieur à 20 mL.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured to contain as a whole an overall volume of the target material which is less than 20 ml. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les différents éléments dudit dispositif sont interconnectés entre eux par des tuyaux (17) ayant un diamètre intérieur compris entre 0.5 et 2 mm.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the various elements of said device are interconnected with one another by pipes (17) having an internal diameter between 0.5 and 2 mm. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le sens de circulation de la cible dans le dispositif peut être inversé en fonction de la disposition des différents éléments constitutifs de celui-ci.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direction of movement of the target in the device can be reversed depending on the arrangement of the various constituent elements thereof. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce lesdits tuyaux (17) reliant les différents éléments du dispositifs sont essentiellement constitués d'un matériau choisi parmi le groupe du tantale, du titane, du niobium, du palladium, de l'inox et/ou de l'argent.Device according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that said pipes (17) connecting the various elements of the devices are essentially made of a material chosen from the group of tantalum, titanium, niobium, palladium, stainless steel and / or silver. Procédé de fabrication de radio-isotopes par l'intermédiaire d'une cellule d'irradiation dans laquelle on a placé un insert (2) avec une fenêtre (7) et une cavité (8) contenant un matériau cible, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau cible est recirculé à travers au moins un conduit d'entrée (4) et au moins un conduit de sortie (5) de la cavité (8) en y créant un vortex d'écoulement et à travers un échangeur de chaleur externe (15) à ladite cellule d'irradiation (1), par une pompe (16) ayant un débit suffisant pour refroidir le matériau cible cible, le dispositif étant pressurisé de façon à maintenir la cible essentiellement à l'état liquide.Method of manufacturing radioisotopes by means of an irradiation cell in which an insert (2) has been placed with a window (7) and a cavity (8) containing a target material, characterized in that said target material is recirculated through at least one inlet duct (4) and at least one outlet duct (5) from the cavity (8) creating a flow vortex therein and through an external heat exchanger (15 ) to said irradiation cell (1), by a pump (16) having a flow rate sufficient to cool the target target material, the device being pressurized so as to maintain the target essentially in the liquid state. Procédé selon la revendication 13 caractérisé en ce que le sens de circulation du matériau cible dans le dispositif peut être inversé de façon à ce que le conduit d'entrée (4) devienne le conduit de sortie et que le conduit de sortie (5) devienne le conduit d'entrée (4) du matériau cible.Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the direction of circulation of the target material in the device can be reversed so that the inlet duct (4) becomes the outlet duct and the outlet duct (5) becomes the inlet conduit (4) of the target material. Procédé selon la revendication 13 caractérisé en ce que ladite pompe débite au moins 200mL/min pendant toute la durée de l'irradiation.Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the said pump delivers at least 200mL / min throughout the duration of the irradiation. Utilisation du dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes pour la fabrication de radio-isotopes.Use of the device according to one any of the preceding claims for the manufacture of radioisotopes.
    EP02447253A 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Device and method of radioisotope production Withdrawn EP1429345A1 (en)

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    EP02447253A EP1429345A1 (en) 2002-12-10 2002-12-10 Device and method of radioisotope production
    JP2004557684A JP4751615B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Apparatus and method for producing radioisotopes
    PCT/BE2003/000217 WO2004053892A2 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Device and method for producing radioisotopes
    AT03782015T ATE498183T1 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING RADIOISOTOPES
    EP03782015A EP1570493B1 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Device and method for producing radioisotopes
    CA2502287A CA2502287C (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Device and method for producing radioisotopes
    DE60336009T DE60336009D1 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RADIO ISOTOPES
    AU2003289768A AU2003289768A1 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Device and method for producing radioisotopes
    US10/537,975 US7940881B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Device and method for producing radioisotopes
    CNB2003801048544A CN100419917C (en) 2002-12-10 2003-12-10 Device and method for producing radioisotopes

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    WO2004053892A3 (en) 2004-09-02
    WO2004053892A2 (en) 2004-06-24

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