EP1401048A1 - Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station - Google Patents
Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1401048A1 EP1401048A1 EP02020876A EP02020876A EP1401048A1 EP 1401048 A1 EP1401048 A1 EP 1401048A1 EP 02020876 A EP02020876 A EP 02020876A EP 02020876 A EP02020876 A EP 02020876A EP 1401048 A1 EP1401048 A1 EP 1401048A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- antennas
- antenna system
- radio
- lamp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1242—Rigid masts specially adapted for supporting an aerial
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna system of a base station for the Mobile radio for installation in the local area, with antennas, the antennas and a mast at a predetermined height above the ground Circuit complex for feeding the antennas.
- Radio masts should ideally be like this be set up so that a nationwide supply is guaranteed.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
- BTS Base Transceiver System
- the radius of action of a base station namely a sending and receiving station, which is usually abbreviated as "BTS" (Base Transceiver System)
- BTS Base Transceiver System
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
- the invention is also intended to provide mobile communications for such Areas.
- the Mast is a street lamp mast that has an outer mast wall at least in some areas and which has at least one lamp for street lighting contains the antennas within the mast outer wall, at least in the area of the antennas from a transparent to the radio signal of the antennas, but opaque material.
- the lampposts which are also available in narrow street conditions or at least be tolerated and by stylistic adjustment of the outside, for example in the form of cast iron mast parts, visually to the environment are adaptable, for example, have a height between 10 and 22 m.
- the mobile radio antennas can be seen in the lantern mast volume in the upper area can be installed, which then through the radio-permeable, but optically opaque Outside wall parts are clad.
- the radio-permeable mast outer wall which is mostly made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic exists, does not have sufficient load capacity for a mast.
- the Lantern mast is other than its own weight Exposed to loads, especially wind power and possible impact forces.
- the mast in the parts where the mast outer wall is made for the radio signals are made of permeable material, one inside it its longitudinal direction supporting structure, which consists in particular of a central rod running in the mast. This rod takes over for the length of the antenna area, generally for the top one Partial length of the mast, the carrying function that is usual in the rest of the area the mast outer wall provides.
- the radio-permeable parts of the outer wall of the mast are designed as tubular ducts and are from the central rod running in the pipe channel via radial Holders that have free space between them for laying cables let, held.
- An appropriate height division of the mast length can look so that the Mast, from bottom to top, has the following partial lengths: one only for bridging the height serving part length; a partial antenna length with radio permeable Outer wall and antennas inside; a partial length of light that the at least one lamp, which in turn contains at least one lamp, wearing; and as the upper end a radio link partial length with one in one Directional radio antenna located.
- the lights can do this they have almost all of the designs used for street lamps can extend around the mast or on this over one or more Boom attached.
- the lamppost naturally does not offer sufficient space for the in The circuitry known to the experts as "technology", which is responsible for the administration the radio interface, the reservation and release of radio channels, controls paging and signal processing.
- This Circuitry is housed in one or more cabinets, depending on the design and ambient temperature also cooling require.
- the circuit complex in a near the The lamppost is located in the building and the lamppost be connected by cable. If no building is available for this, it is a preferred solution that the circuit complex at least is partially housed in a submerged housing.
- the possible heat emission part of a heat pump cycle is however nevertheless preferably arranged above the surface, for example below an outdoor bench.
- the recessed case is a quiver for the mast is anchored and divided into two accessible spaces, one of which is the electricity meter and the power supply for the lamps contains and the other, which is lockable from the former room, contains the circuit complex for feeding the antennas, so that on the one hand there is a compact design that meets all requirements, and on the other hand, it is ensured that for reading the electricity meter and not responsible for the power supply of the lamps Have access to the circuit complex for mobile radio.
- Fig. 1 shows an antenna lantern mast 1 with a lamp 2, the one Lamp 3 contains and serves as a street lamp, for example in an inner city Area.
- the lamp 3 is a ring tube lamp in a lamp shown conical screen, but the invention is based on the most varied Luminaire and lamp shapes applicable, such as those from Mast 1 outgoing booms sit.
- the mast 1 is between, for example 10 and 22 m high and is inserted into a concrete quiver 4 on the bottom shed there.
- the mast 1 shown has a tubular outer wall 8, which several Comprises partial lengths, namely a lower partial length in the form of a steel tube 9, an opaque tube 10, however permeable to radio signals glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), and finally as an upper finish a cap 11, which in turn consists of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
- GRP radio signals glass fiber reinforced plastic
- a cap 11 which in turn consists of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
- various cables 12 through the tubular mast 1 to pulled up.
- mobile radio antennas 16 which are arranged on two levels one above the other are and comprise three antennas on each floor level, which in three send different directions or receive from these directions can; 5 the lobes of the antennas 16 are indicated by arrows 17.
- the mobile radio antennas 16 are located in the GRP tube 10 formed by radio permeable outer wall part of the mast outer wall 8 and are through this GRP pipe 10 clad so that they are invisible from the outside, however can send and receive with virtually no interference.
- a directional antenna 18, the club through an arrow 19 is indicated.
- the directional radio antenna 18 sits on a turntable arrangement 20, whose axis of rotation coaxial with the cylinder axis of the mast outer wall 8 and thus also to the circumference of the GRP cap 11 and approximately in the middle through the antenna 18 including its holder, which is the Space within the cap 11 largely fills and in spite of the cramped
- the spatial conditions offered by the lamppost are adjusted in the direction of rotation and can be adjusted.
- the carrying function takes over here in the area of the directional radio antenna 18 a rod 25, which in turn is tubular and also as an inner tube can be designated.
- the rod 25, if tubular, may, for example be formed by a standard 90 mm tube. She does have one lower bending stiffness than the steel tube 9, for the partial length of the affected Masts and in view of the arrangement in the area of the mast tip, it is sufficient However.
- the rod 25 is with the mast outer wall 8 via star-like or spoke wheel-like holder 26 connected in the illustrated embodiment are cruciform (Fig. 4).
- the mobile radio antennas 16 are firmly seated on the rod 25 via clamping sleeves 29, and the turntable arrangement sits - if necessary, with changing radio directions, including an electric motor - at the top of the rod 25.
- the lamp 2 with the lamp 3 is carried by the rod 25.
- the fastening method used for this is illustrated in Figs. 7 to 9. 7 is on the rod 25 8 flange ring 32 shown in Fig. 8, which is used to free passages 33 for the cable 12 with radial spokes 34 is built. From the peripheral part of this flange ring there are individual flanges 35 with screw holes on the inside in front.
- the flange ring 32 can, as shown in FIG. 7 on one side, also a circular circumferential groove 36 for inserting the GRP pipe Have 10.
- flange ring 32 On the flange ring 32 is also provided with screw holes, shown in Fig. 9 shown lamp ring 40 screwed on, and supporting parts of the lamp 2 are clamped between the rings 35 and 40 or are on the light ring 40 welded or, as indicated in Fig. 7, integrally formed therewith.
- the mast 1 is, as mentioned, with the base of its mast outer wall 8 in Quiver 4 anchored.
- the quiver 4 is part of the Housing 42 of an underground chamber 43, the cabinets 44 with Contains circuit complexes that are used for signal processing, for connecting the Antennas 16, 18 with a fixed network and / or fixed cables, etc. are needed.
- the control cabinets 44 are referred to as "technical cabinets”.
- the underground chamber 43 further contains electrical devices Electricity meter 45 and electricity sub-distributor 46. Runs from electricity meter 45 in the concrete block of the housing 42 a channel 47 for (not shown) power cables to mast 1.
- the chamber 43 consists of two partial chambers 51 and 52, which are separated by a lockable steel door 53.
- About one Entry 54 which is not shown in detail, can be a meter reader first chamber 51, the key for the second chamber 52, in which the control cabinets 44 are located, however, has only the authorized personnel of the participating mobile operators.
- the chambers have grid floors 55, below which can possibly infiltrate seeping water, which then over a prepared installation is pumpable.
- the Circuit complex also includes air conditioning, in particular a Cooling is.
- air conditioning in particular a Cooling is.
- the steel tube 9 is of the order of magnitude with an annular gap 61 surrounded by 1 cm radial width.
- this annular gap 61 is cast with a suitable building material for example with bitumen resin, which becomes completely hard when setting.
- the antenna lantern mast 1 shown is in number of its Antennas and the cabinets for use by two mobile operators dimensioned. In places with very high antenna masts 1 can be set up, more antennas and control cabinets can be installed installed, lower masts may be suitable only for a single mobile operator. So far, several mobile operators operate antenna lampposts close to each other individually, can the circuit complexes in the cabinets 44 for multiple masts be combined in a common underground housing 42.
- the mast cross section is not limited to the circular shape. Other forms, for example as polygonal prisms, may result in others Support structures.
- the antenna beams should be perpendicular to Outer wall of the mast, i.e. in the polygonal case straight through the flat wall part, be directed.
- the quiver for the mast can go over the ground, consist of concrete or, for example, stone or cast iron and through Reliefs are decorated to facilitate adaptation to the environment. So far no directional antenna is required for a single antenna lantern mast the lamp 2 can represent the upper end of the mast, it can however, mobile radio antenna storeys still survive beyond lamp 2.
- the mast outer wall 8 has an outer diameter of the order of magnitude from 300 - 400 mm. You can in the lower part of the mast, namely within reach of people from the surrounding floor, containing a small door, behind which a switch box for the street lamp sits.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Antennenanlage einer Feststation für den Mobilfunk zur Aufstellung im Ortsbereich, mit Antennen, einem die Antennen in einer vorgegebenen Höhe über dem Grund haltenden Mast und einem Schaltungskomplex zur Speisung der Antennen.The invention relates to an antenna system of a base station for the Mobile radio for installation in the local area, with antennas, the antennas and a mast at a predetermined height above the ground Circuit complex for feeding the antennas.
Funkmasten, insbesondere solche für den Mobilfunk, sollen idealerweise so aufgestellt sein, daß eine flächendeckende Versorgung gewährleistet ist. Für das Mobilfunksystem GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) betrug der Aktionsradius einer Feststation, nämlich einer Sende- und Empfangsstation, die üblicherweise als "BTS" (Base Transceiver System) abgekürzt wird, in Abhängigkeit von der charakteristischen Wellenausbreitung, der örtlichen Morphologie und der regional zu erwartenden Teilnehmerdichte einige Kilometer. Beim bevorstehenden neuen Mobilfunksystem UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) verkleinert sich der Radius der einzelnen Zelle auf eine Größenordnung von 250 bis 400 m. Die Errichtung eines ausreichend dichten Netzes von Funkmasten hierfür begegnet jedoch erheblichen Schwierigkeiten, nämlich sowohl technischen Schwierigkeiten, wenn für die Funkmasten kein freier Raum zur Verfügung steht, als auch Akzeptanzschwierigkeiten, die einerseits aus einer Reserviertheit der Bevölkerung gegenüber der befürchteten Strahlenbelastung und andererseits aus städtebaulichen Beschränkungen der Möglichkeiten resultieren. Soweit die Stationen auf Dächern oder sonstwie an Gebäuden zu montieren sind, stellt auch deren Gewichtsbelastbarkeit eine Grenze dar.Radio masts, especially those for mobile communications, should ideally be like this be set up so that a nationwide supply is guaranteed. For the mobile radio system was GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) the radius of action of a base station, namely a sending and receiving station, which is usually abbreviated as "BTS" (Base Transceiver System), in Dependence on the characteristic wave propagation, the local one Morphology and the regionally expected number of participants a few kilometers. With the upcoming new UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) the radius of the individual cell is reduced an order of magnitude of 250 to 400 m. Establishing a sufficient dense network of radio masts for this, however, encounters considerable difficulties, namely both technical difficulties when for the radio masts no free space is available, as well as acceptance difficulties that on the one hand, due to a reserved attitude of the population towards the feared Radiation exposure and on the other hand from urban planning restrictions of Opportunities result. As far as the stations on roofs or otherwise Buildings are to be assembled, also their weight-bearing capacity Limit.
Besondere Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich in Altstadtbereichen, in denen zusätzlich zu den optischen Beschränkungen noch die erwähnten räumlichen Beschränkungen sehr ins Gewicht fallen, da auf kleinen Plätzen und in Gassen die Aufstellung von Mobilfunkmasten sehr problematisch ist.Particular difficulties arise in old town areas, in which additional to the optical restrictions, the spatial restrictions mentioned are very important, because in small squares and in alleys Setting up cell towers is very problematic.
Demgegenüber soll durch die Erfindung auch die Mobilfunkversorgung solcher Bereiche ermöglicht werden. Diese Möglichkeit ergibt sich dadurch, daß, ausgehend von einer Antennenanlage der eingangs genannten Gattung, der Mast ein Straßenlaternenmast ist, der zumindest bereichsweise eine Mast-Außenwand aufweist und der außer wenigstens einer Leuchte zur Straßenbeleuchtung die Antennen innerhalb der Mast-Außenwand enthält, die zumindest im Bereich der Antennen aus einem für die Funksignal der Antennen durchlässigen, aber undurchsichtigen Material besteht. In contrast, the invention is also intended to provide mobile communications for such Areas. This possibility arises because starting from an antenna system of the type mentioned at the beginning, the Mast is a street lamp mast that has an outer mast wall at least in some areas and which has at least one lamp for street lighting contains the antennas within the mast outer wall, at least in the area of the antennas from a transparent to the radio signal of the antennas, but opaque material.
Die Laternenmasten, die auch bei engen Straßenverhältnissen vorhanden sind oder zumindest geduldet werden und durch stilistische Anpassung der Außenseite, beispielsweise in Form gußeisener Mastunterteile, optisch an die Umgebung anpaßbar sind, haben beispielsweise eine Höhe zwischen 10 und 22 m. Im oberen Bereich können in das Laternenmastvolumen die Mobilfunkantennen eingebaut werden, die dann durch die funkdurchlässigen, aber optisch undurchsichtigen Außenwandteile verkleidet werden.The lampposts, which are also available in narrow street conditions or at least be tolerated and by stylistic adjustment of the outside, for example in the form of cast iron mast parts, visually to the environment are adaptable, for example, have a height between 10 and 22 m. The mobile radio antennas can be seen in the lantern mast volume in the upper area can be installed, which then through the radio-permeable, but optically opaque Outside wall parts are clad.
Diese Verkleidung macht eine spezielle Tragestruktur des Mast erforderlich, da die funkdurchlässige Mast-Außenwand, die zumeist aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff besteht, keine für einen Mast ausreichende Tragkraft hat. Der Laternenmast ist ja außer seinem eigenen Gewicht auch noch sonstigen Belastungen ausgesetzt, insbesondere der Windkraft und eventuellen Stoßkräften. Zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Trag- und Widerstandskraft enthält vorzugsweise der Mast in den Teilen, in denen die Mast-Außenwand aus für die Funksignale durchlässigem Material besteht, eine in seinen Inneren in seiner Längsrichtung verlaufende tragende Struktur, die insbesondere aus einer im Mast verlaufenden zentralen Stange bestehen kann. Diese Stange übernimmt für die Länge des Antennenbereichs, im allgemeinen also für die oberste Teillänge des Masts, die Tragefunktion, die im übrigen Bereich üblicherweise die Mast-Außenwand erbringt. Im Antennenbereich um die zentrale Stange sind die funkdurchlässigen Teile der Mast-Außenwand rohrkanalförmig ausgebildet und werden von der im Rohrkanal verlaufenden zentrale Stange über radiale Halter, die zwischen sich freien Raum für die Durchverlegung von Kabeln lassen, gehalten.This cladding requires a special support structure for the mast, because the radio-permeable mast outer wall, which is mostly made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic exists, does not have sufficient load capacity for a mast. The Lantern mast is other than its own weight Exposed to loads, especially wind power and possible impact forces. To achieve sufficient strength and resistance preferably the mast in the parts where the mast outer wall is made for the radio signals are made of permeable material, one inside it its longitudinal direction supporting structure, which consists in particular of a central rod running in the mast. This rod takes over for the length of the antenna area, generally for the top one Partial length of the mast, the carrying function that is usual in the rest of the area the mast outer wall provides. In the antenna area around the central pole the radio-permeable parts of the outer wall of the mast are designed as tubular ducts and are from the central rod running in the pipe channel via radial Holders that have free space between them for laying cables let, held.
Eine zweckmäßige Höheneinteilung der Mastlänge kann so aussehen, daß der Mast, von unten nach oben, folgende Teillängen hat: eine nur der Höhenüberbrückung dienende Teillänge; eine Antennen-Teillänge mit funkdurchlässiger Außenwand und Antennen im Inneren; eine Leuchten-Teillänge, die die wenigstens eine Leuchte, welche ihrerseits wenigstens eine Lampe enthält, trägt; und als oberen Abschluß eine Richtfunk-Teillänge mit einer in einem Antennengehäuse befindlichen Richtfunkantenne. Die Leuchten können hierbei nahezu sämtliche für Straßenlaternen verwendeten Bauformen haben, sie können sich um den Mast erstrecken oder an diesem über einen oder mehrere Ausleger befestigt sein.An appropriate height division of the mast length can look so that the Mast, from bottom to top, has the following partial lengths: one only for bridging the height serving part length; a partial antenna length with radio permeable Outer wall and antennas inside; a partial length of light that the at least one lamp, which in turn contains at least one lamp, wearing; and as the upper end a radio link partial length with one in one Directional radio antenna located. The lights can do this they have almost all of the designs used for street lamps can extend around the mast or on this over one or more Boom attached.
Der Laternenmast bietet naturgemäß keinen ausreichenden Raum für den in der Fachwelt als "Technik" bezeichneten Schaltungskomplex, der die Verwaltung der Funkschnittstelle, die Reservierung und Freigabe von Funkkanälen, die Steuerung von Funkrufen und die Signalverarbeitung durchführt. Dieser Schaltungskomplex ist in einem oder mehreren Schaltschränken untergebracht, die je nach Auslegung und Umgebungstemperatur auch noch der Kühlung bedürfen. Grundsätzlich kann der Schaltungskomplex in einem in der Nähe des Laternenmasts befindlichen Gebäude untergebracht und mit dem Laternenmast über Kabel verbunden sein. Sofern hierfür kein Gebäude zur Verfügung steht, stellt es eine bevorzugte Lösung dar, daß der Schaltungskomplex zumindest teilweise in einem im Untergrund versenkten Gehäuse untergebracht ist. Der eventuelle Wärmeabgabeteil eines Wärmepumpen-Kreislaufs ist allerdings trotzdem vorzugsweise über der Oberfläche angeordnet, beispielsweise unter einer im Freien stehenden Sitzbank. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind im versenkten Gehäuse auch Stromzähler und eine Stromspeiseschaltung für die Lampe(n) der Leuchte(n) untergebracht. Eine bevorzugte Architektur des Gehäuses ist die, daß das versenkte Gehäuse einen Köcher für die Verankerung des Masts umfaßt und in zwei zugängliche Räume geteilt ist, von denen einer die Stromzähler und die Stromspeiseschaltung für die Lampen enthält und der andere, der gegenüber dem ersteren Raum verschließbar ist, den Schaltungskomplex zur Speisung der Antennen enthält, so daß einerseits eine kompakte Konstruktion vorliegt, die alle Anforderungen erfüllt, und andererseits gewährleistet ist, daß die für die Ablesung des Stromzählers und für die Stromversorgung der Lampen zuständigen Personen nicht ohne weiteres Zutritt zum Schaltungskomplex für den Mobilfunk haben.The lamppost naturally does not offer sufficient space for the in The circuitry known to the experts as "technology", which is responsible for the administration the radio interface, the reservation and release of radio channels, controls paging and signal processing. This Circuitry is housed in one or more cabinets, depending on the design and ambient temperature also cooling require. Basically, the circuit complex in a near the The lamppost is located in the building and the lamppost be connected by cable. If no building is available for this, it is a preferred solution that the circuit complex at least is partially housed in a submerged housing. The possible heat emission part of a heat pump cycle is however nevertheless preferably arranged above the surface, for example below an outdoor bench. According to a preferred embodiment there are also electricity meters and a power supply circuit in the recessed housing for the lamp (s) of the lamp (s) housed. A preferred one Architecture of the case is that the recessed case is a quiver for the mast is anchored and divided into two accessible spaces, one of which is the electricity meter and the power supply for the lamps contains and the other, which is lockable from the former room, contains the circuit complex for feeding the antennas, so that on the one hand there is a compact design that meets all requirements, and on the other hand, it is ensured that for reading the electricity meter and not responsible for the power supply of the lamps Have access to the circuit complex for mobile radio.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Vorteile und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanlage in einem Vertikalschnitt;
- Fig. 2
- in vergrößertem Maßstab den oberen Teil eines in Fig. 1 gezeigten Antennen-Laternen-Masts mit aufgeschnittener Vorderseite;
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt durch den Mast in einer Ebene III - III in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt durch den Mast in einer Ebene IV - IV in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 5
- einen Schnitt durch den Mast in einer Ebene V - V in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 6
- einen Schnitt durch den Mast in einer Ebene VI - VI in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 7
- in stark vergrößertem Maßstab einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen oberen Abschnitt des Masts, in dem eine Leuchte montiert ist;
- Fig. 8
- eine Draufsicht auf einen der Halterung der Leuchte dienenden Flanschring;
- Fig. 9
- eine Draufsicht auf den zentralen Teil der Leuchte, mit einem dem Einspannen dienenden Leuchtenring;
- Fig. 10
- in vergrößertem Maßstab einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein im Untergrund versenktes Gehäuse mit einem Schaltungskomplex;
- Fig. 11
- in noch weiter vergrößertem Maßstab einen Querschnitt durch das Gehäuse von Fig. 7.
- Fig. 1
- a representation of the antenna system according to the invention in a vertical section;
- Fig. 2
- on an enlarged scale the upper part of an antenna lantern mast shown in Figure 1 with the front cut open;
- Fig. 3
- a section through the mast in a plane III - III in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4
- a section through the mast in a plane IV - IV in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 5
- a section through the mast in a plane V - V in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 6
- a section through the mast in a plane VI - VI in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 7
- on a greatly enlarged scale, a vertical section through an upper section of the mast in which a lamp is mounted;
- Fig. 8
- a plan view of one of the holder of the lamp serving flange ring;
- Fig. 9
- a plan view of the central part of the lamp, with a lamp ring used for clamping;
- Fig. 10
- on an enlarged scale, a vertical section through a submerged housing with a circuit complex;
- Fig. 11
- a cross section through the housing of FIG. 7 on an even larger scale.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Antennen-Laternen-Mast 1 mit einer Leuchte 2, die eine
Lampe 3 enthält und als Straßenlaterne dient, beispielsweise in einem innerstädtischen
Bereich. Die Lampe 3 ist als Ringröhrenlampe in einer Leuchte mit
konischem Schirm dargestellt, die Erfindung ist jedoch auf die verschiedensten
Leuchten- und Lampenformen anwendbar, beispielsweise solche, die an vom
Mast 1 ausgehenden Auslegern sitzen. Der Mast 1 ist beispielsweise zwischen
10 und 22 m hoch und ist bodenseitig in einen Beton-Köcher 4 eingesetzt und
dort vergossen.Fig. 1 shows an antenna lantern mast 1 with a
Der dargestellte Mast 1 hat eine rohrförmige Außenwand 8, die mehrere
Teillängen umfaßt, nämlich eine untere Teillänge in Form eines Stahlrohrs 9,
ein undurchsichtiges, jedoch für Funksignale durchlässiges Rohr 10 aus
glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (GFK), und schließlich als oberen Abschluß
eine Kappe 11, die wiederum aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff besteht. Von
unten her sind verschiedene Kabel 12 durch den rohrförmigen Mast 1 nach
oben gezogen.The mast 1 shown has a tubular
Im oberen Teil des Masts befinden sich, wie mit größerer Deutlichkeit in Fig.
2 gezeigt ist, Mobilfunkantennen 16, die zweigeschossig übereinander angeordnet
sind und in jeder Geschoßebene drei Antennen umfassen, die in drei
verschiedene Richtungen senden bzw. aus diesen Richtungen empfangen
können; in Fig. 5 sind die Keulen der Antennen 16 durch Pfeile 17 angedeutet.
Die Mobilfunkantennen 16 befinden sich im durch das GFK-Rohr 10 gebildeten,
funkdurchlässigen Außenwandteil der Mast-Außenwand 8 und sind durch
dieses GFK-Rohr 10 so verkleidet, daß sie von außen unsichtbar sind, jedoch
praktisch unbeeinträchtigt senden und empfangen können. In der Mastspitze
befindet sich in der GFK-Kappe 11 eine Richtfunkantenne 18, deren Keule durch
einen Pfeil 19 angedeutet ist. Die Richtfunkantenne 18 sitzt auf einer Drehtelleranordnung
20, deren Drehachse koaxial zur Zylinderachse der Mast-Außenwand
8 und somit auch zum Umfang der GFK-Kappe 11 ist und etwa mittig
durch die Antenne 18 einschließlich deren Halterung verläuft, die also den
Raum innerhalb der Kappe 11 weitgehend ausfüllt und darin trotz der beengten
Raumverhältnisse, die der Laternenmast bietet, in Drehrichtung verstellt und
justiert werden kann. In the upper part of the mast, as is more clearly shown in Fig.
2,
Während das Stahlrohr 9 eine ausreichend stabile und tragekräftige Struktur
des Antennen-Laternen-Masts 1 ergibt, ist dies beim GFK-Rohr 10 nicht der Fall.
Die Tragfunktion übernimmt hier bis hinaus in den Bereich der Richtfunkantenne
18 eine Stange 25, die wiederum rohrförmig ist und auch als Innenrohr
bezeichnet werden kann. Die Stange 25 kann, wenn sie rohrförmig ist, beispielsweise
durch ein Standard-90 mm-Rohr gebildet sein. Sie hat zwar eine
geringere Biegesteifigkeit als das Stahlrohr 9, für die betroffene Teillänge des
Masts und angesichts der Anordnung im Bereich der Mastspitze genügt sie
jedoch. Die Stange 25 ist mit der Mast-Außenwand 8 über sternartige oder
speichenradartige Halter 26 verbunden, die bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform
kreuzförmig sind (Fig. 4). Sie sind innen fest mit der Stange 25 verbunden
und sind außen beispielsweise durch Verschraubung mit dem jeweiligen Teil
der Außenwand 8 verbunden. Im unteren Teil, nämlich im Stahlrohr 9, haben
die Halter 26 die Funktion, die Stange 25 stabil zu halten; im oberen Teil,
nämlich im GFK-Rohr 10, haben die Halter 26 die Aufgabe, das Rohr 10 zu
halten. Aufgrund des Zwischenraums zwischen den radialen Teilen, die den
Halter 26 bilden, können die Kabel 12 die im unteren Bereich in Kabelschienen
27 verlegt sind, durch die Halter 26 hindurch nach oben gezogen werden.
Kabelhalterungen 28 halten die Kabelschienen 27 bzw. die Kabel 12.While the
Die Mobilfunkantennen 16 sitzen über Klemmhülsen 29 fest an der Stange 25,
und die Drehtelleranordnung sitzt - gegebenenfalls, bei wechselnden Funkrichtungen,
einschließlich eines Elektromotors - am oberen Ende der Stange
25. Auch die Leuchte 2 mit der Lampe 3 wird von der Stange 25 getragen. Die
beim beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel hierfür angewandte Befestigungsweise
ist in den Fig.n 7 bis 9 veranschaulicht. Gemäß Fig. 7 ist an der Stange 25 ein
in Fig. 8 dargestellter Flanschring 32 befestigt, der zur Freilassung von Durchgängen
33 für die Kabel 12 mit radialen Speichen 34 gebaut ist. Vom Umfangsteil
dieses Flanschrings stehen nach innen einzelne Flansche 35 mit Schraublöchern
vor. Der Flanschring 32 kann, wie in Fig. 7 auf einer Seite dargestellt ist,
auch noch eine kreisringartig umlaufende Nut 36 zum Einstecken des GFK-Rohrs
10 haben.The
Auf den Flanschring 32 ist ein ebenfalls mit Schraublöchern versehener, in Fig.
9 gezeigter Leuchtenring 40 aufgeschraubt, und tragende Teile der Leuchte 2
sind zwischen die Ringe 35 und 40 eingespannt oder sind an den Leuchtenring
40 angeschweißt oder, wie in Fig. 7 angedeutet, integral mit diesem ausgebildet.On the
Der Mast 1 ist, wie erwähnt, mit dem Sockel seiner Mast-Außenwand 8 im
Köcher 4 verankert. Gemäß den Fig.n 10 und 11 ist der Köcher 4 Teil des
Gehäuses 42 einer unterirdischen Kammer 43, die Schaltschränke 44 mit
Schaltungskomplexen enthält, die zur Signalverarbeitung, zur Verbindung der
Antennen 16, 18 mit einem Festnetz und/oder fest verlegten Kabeln usw.
benötigt werden. Die Schaltschränke 44 werden als "Technikschränke" bezeichnet.
Die unterirdische Kammer 43 enthält weiterhin als elektrische Einrichtungen
Stromzähler 45 und Strom-Unterverteiler 46. Vom Stromzähler 45 verläuft
im Betonblock des Gehäuses 42 ein Kanal 47 für (nicht dargestellte) Stromkabel
zum Mast 1.The mast 1 is, as mentioned, with the base of its mast
Die Kammer 43 besteht beim dargestellten Beispiel aus zwei Teilkammern 51
und 52, die durch eine verschließbare Stahltüre 53 getrennt sind. Über einen
nicht im einzelnen dargestellten Einstieg 54 kann ein Zählerableser zwar in die
erste Kammer 51 gelangen, den Schlüssel für die zweite Kammer 52, in der sich
die Schaltschränke 44 befinden, hat jedoch nur das autorisierte Personal der
beteiligten Mobilfunkbetreiber. Die Kammern haben Gitterböden 55, unter
denen sich eventuell einsickerndes Wasser sammeln kann, das dann über eine
präparierte Installation abpumpbar ist.In the example shown, the
Beim dargestellten Beispiel befindet sich in der Teilkammer 52, die den
Schaltungskomplex enthält, auch eine Klimatisierung, die insbesondere eine
Kühlung ist. Hierzu befinden sich innerhalb der Kammer ein Klima-Innengerät
56 und außen, überirdisch, ein Klima-Außengerät 57, die miteinander über
einen (nicht dargestellten) Wärmepumpenkreislauf verbunden sind.In the example shown is in the sub-chamber 52, the
Circuit complex also includes air conditioning, in particular a
Cooling is. For this purpose there is an indoor air conditioning unit inside the
Im Köcher 4 ist das Stahlrohr 9 mit einem Ringspalt 61 in der Größenordnung
von 1 cm radialer Breite umgeben. Bei der Errichtung des Antennen-Laternen-Masts
1 wird dieser Ringspalt 61 mit einem passenden Baustoff vergossen wie
beispielsweise mit Bitumenharz, das beim Abbinden vollkommen hart wird.In the
Der dargestellte Antennen-Laternen-Mast 1 ist hinsichtlich der Zahl seiner
Antennen und der Schaltschränke für den Gebrauch durch zwei Mobilfunkbetreiber
dimensioniert. An Plätzen, an denen sehr hohe Antennen-Latemen-Masten
1 aufgestellt werden können, können auch mehr Antennen und Schaltschränke
installiert werden, niedrigere Masten eignen sich unter Umständen
nur für einen einzigen Mobilfunkbetreiber. Soweit mehrere Mobilfunkbetreiber
nahe beieinander liegende Antennen-Laternen-Masten jeweils einzeln betreiben,
können die Schaltungskomplexe in den Schaltschränken 44 für mehrere Masten
in einem gemeinsamen unterirdischen Gehäuse 42 zusammengefaßt sein.The antenna lantern mast 1 shown is in number of its
Antennas and the cabinets for use by two mobile operators
dimensioned. In places with very high antenna masts
1 can be set up, more antennas and control cabinets can be installed
installed, lower masts may be suitable
only for a single mobile operator. So far, several mobile operators
operate antenna lampposts close to each other individually,
can the circuit complexes in the
Der Mastquerschnitt ist nicht auf die Kreisform beschränkt. Andere Formen,
beispielsweise als polygonale Prismen, ergeben unter Umständen andere
Halterungskonstruktionen. Die Antennenkeulen sollen aber rechtwinklig zur
Mast-Außenwand, also im Polygonalfall gerade durch den ebenen Wandteil,
gerichtet sein. Der Köcher für den Mast kann über den Erdboden hinaus gehen,
aus Beton oder beispielsweise aus Stein oder Gußeisen bestehen und durch
Reliefs verziert sein, um die Anpassung an die Umgebung zu erleichtern. Soweit
für einen einzelnen Antennen-Laternen-Mast keine Richtfunkantenne benötigt
wird, kann die Leuchte 2 den oberen Abschluß des Masts darstellen, es können
jedoch auch Mobilfunk-Antennengeschoße noch über die Leuchte 2 überstehen. The mast cross section is not limited to the circular shape. Other forms,
for example as polygonal prisms, may result in others
Support structures. The antenna beams should be perpendicular to
Outer wall of the mast, i.e. in the polygonal case straight through the flat wall part,
be directed. The quiver for the mast can go over the ground,
consist of concrete or, for example, stone or cast iron and through
Reliefs are decorated to facilitate adaptation to the environment. So far
no directional antenna is required for a single antenna lantern mast
the
Die Mast-Außenwand 8 hat einen Außendurchmesser in der Größenordnung
von 300 - 400 mm. Sie kann im unteren Teil des Masts, nämlich in Personen-Reichweite
vom umgebenden Boden aus, eine kleine Türe enthalten, hinter der
ein Schaltkasten für die Straßenlaterne sitzt.The mast
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02020876A EP1401048A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02020876A EP1401048A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1401048A1 true EP1401048A1 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
Family
ID=31896873
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02020876A Withdrawn EP1401048A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Antenna installation for a mobile communications base station |
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EP (1) | EP1401048A1 (en) |
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