EP1385362A1 - Cyclotron provided with new particle beam sweeping means - Google Patents

Cyclotron provided with new particle beam sweeping means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1385362A1
EP1385362A1 EP02447140A EP02447140A EP1385362A1 EP 1385362 A1 EP1385362 A1 EP 1385362A1 EP 02447140 A EP02447140 A EP 02447140A EP 02447140 A EP02447140 A EP 02447140A EP 1385362 A1 EP1385362 A1 EP 1385362A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclotron
inflection
median plane
magnetic
elements
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EP02447140A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yves Jongen
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Application filed by Ion Beam Applications SA filed Critical Ion Beam Applications SA
Priority to EP02447140A priority Critical patent/EP1385362A1/en
Priority to PCT/BE2003/000124 priority patent/WO2004010748A1/en
Priority to ES03739886T priority patent/ES2373548T3/en
Priority to AT03739886T priority patent/ATE524954T1/en
Priority to AU2003281602A priority patent/AU2003281602A1/en
Priority to EP03739886A priority patent/EP1527658B1/en
Priority to US10/522,649 priority patent/US7456591B2/en
Publication of EP1385362A1 publication Critical patent/EP1385362A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/08—Arrangements for injecting particles into orbits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention aims to provide a cyclotron fitted with a new type of inflator used to "inflect" a beam of injected charged particles axially by an injection device or injector towards the median plane of the cyclotron.
  • Cyclotrons consist of several separate main assemblies, such as the electromagnet which guides the charged particles, the high frequency resonator which ensures acceleration said particles and finally the injection system of said particles in the cyclotron.
  • the combination of different means allows to accelerate charged particles which will describe in the median plane of the cyclotron (perpendicular to the magnetic field) a trajectory having roughly a spiral shape with a radius ascending around the central (vertical) axis of the cyclotron which is perpendicular to the median plane.
  • the poles of the electromagnet are divided into sectors alternately having a reduced air gap and a larger air gap.
  • the azimuthal variation of the field resulting magnetic effect ensures the vertical and horizontal focusing of the beam during acceleration.
  • the high frequency resonator is constituted by the accelerating electrodes, called frequently "dies" for historical reasons. We thus applies an alternating voltage of several tens of kilovolts at the frequency of rotation particles in the magnet.
  • These charged particles accelerated by a cyclotron can be positive particles, such as protons, or negative particles, such as H - ions.
  • These latter particles are extracted by converting the negative ions into positive ions by passing them through a sheet, for example of carbon, which has the function of stripping the negative ions of their electrons.
  • the main drawback is that that the negative ions are fragile and are therefore easily dissociated by residual gas molecules or by the strong magnetic fields crossed at high energy and present in the cyclotron.
  • the injection device and the source are, for these reasons, located outside the cyclotron. This avoids any pollution of the air gap of the cyclotron.
  • injection and source devices are arranged to the exterior of the cyclotron resides in the smallness of the space available within the cyclotron.
  • the injection devices and source are arranged directly above the central axis of the cyclotron so as to inject the generated particles in an essentially vertical direction towards the center of the cyclotron, where they will be inflected gradually in order to be directed in the median plane (horizontal) of the cyclotron where they will undergo the various acceleration.
  • cyclotrons are called cyclotrons with axial injector.
  • the particle beam will be injected so along the lines of the magnetic field and the particles will not be deflected if the said field is not disturbed magnetic.
  • the inflectors known are electrostatic inflectors which are basically consist of a negative electrode and of a positive electrode between which by a potential difference an electric field is created. This will gradually bend the beam of particles to position it correctly so tangential in the median plane of the cyclotron and therefore perpendicular to its direction of arrival.
  • the particle beam performs a spiral movement.
  • the charged particles acquire a velocity component in the horizontal plane, being subjected to the force of Lorentz.
  • the combination of the two components generates a spiral movement of the particle beam within the central part of the cyclotron.
  • a final problem stems from the fact that symmetry of revolution of the isochronous cyclotron which includes alternating hills and valleys.
  • the focusing is performed by alternating gradients and is particularly delicate in the center of the cyclotron because the effect of modulation of the field due to the hills and valleys disappears at center of the cyclotron.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to overcome the different disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the present invention aims in particular to offer a cyclotron with a new type inflector which allows to gradually inflect the beam of charged particles from a device injection or external injector arranged axially by relation to the center of the cyclotron towards the median plane of said cyclotron in order to subject them to accelerations.
  • the present invention aims to offer a cyclotron with a new type inflectors which solves the problem of presence of a field “bump” in the center of said cyclotron in the case of an isochronous cyclotron.
  • the present invention relates to a cyclotron intended for the acceleration of a beam of charged particles having a so-called axial injector, that is to say arranged outside the cyclotron and perpendicular to the median plane and along the central axis of said cyclotron, which combined with means inflection which bend the particle beam gradually allows to position the beam in the midplane, where the particles will undergo so classic the necessary accelerations.
  • axial injector that is to say arranged outside the cyclotron and perpendicular to the median plane and along the central axis of said cyclotron, which combined with means inflection which bend the particle beam gradually allows to position the beam in the midplane, where the particles will undergo so classic the necessary accelerations.
  • These means inflection are arranged essentially at the intersection of the median plane and the axis of the cyclotron.
  • these means inflection are constituted by a magnetic inflator, that is to say one or more elements which make it possible to give a horizontal or radial component to the magnetic field, so as to guide the beam of charged particles gradually towards the median plane.
  • inflection elements ferro-magnetic arranged to create a field induction with a horizontal component or radial and which are integral with the poles of the cyclotron.
  • rings or washers made of blocks glued with a material that does not modify the magnetic field axial.
  • This material is preferably a magnet strong permanent made of an alloy such as an alloy Samarium-Cobalt or Neodymium-Iron-Boron.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view in perspective of an isochronous cyclotron in which a inflector according to the present invention may be used.
  • Figure 2 describes a sectional view of such cyclotron.
  • Figure 3a and 3b show a view detailed in plan and in perspective of a first form execution of an inflector according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a second embodiment of an inflector according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a Sm-Co ring used in a preferred embodiment of the invention described in Figure 4.
  • Figures 1 and 2 describe an example of a cyclotron which can use the inflectors according to the various embodiments described below.
  • Cyclotron 1 is a compact isochronous cyclotron such as cyclone 30 produced by the applicant intended for the acceleration of negative particles, such as H - .
  • the magnetic structure of cyclotron 1 shown in Fig. 1 vertically in the description that follows this magnetic structure is arranged so that the midplane is essentially horizontal. It consists of a number of elements made of ferro-magnetic material and coils 6 made of a conductive or superconductive material.
  • the coils 6 are essentially shaped circular and are located in the annular space left between sectors 3 and 3 'and flow returns 5.
  • An injection device 100 is arranged essentially axial way, that is to say at some distance outside the cyclotron from the plane median 10. Adequately, this injection device is located in the extension of the central axis of the cyclotron.
  • a central conduit 20 is then created in the cylinder head, for example upper, so that charged particles are injected at the center of the device.
  • the particle beam charged will be injected into said conduit and will then be directed with inflection elements until position in the median plane of said cyclotron.
  • an inflector 30 is arranged essentially in the air gap at the level of the duct central and will gradually inflect the beam of particles from the injection device 100 to the midplane 10.
  • the cyclotron has inflection means or an inflector magnetic.
  • the essential feature of this invention therefore lies in the fact that this kind Inflector does not generate an electric field in the center of the cyclotron.
  • the inflector according to the present invention is composed of magnetic materials, i.e. materials ferromagnetic or permanent magnets, which go disturb the axial magnetic field of the cyclotron, creating thus a horizontal or radial component of said field which will gradually bend the beam along the path wish.
  • such an inflector consists of parts forming the magnetic circuit in the central area of the cyclotron. These parts are integral with the poles and are made of a ferro-magnetic material allowing to introduce a radial component to the magnetic field.
  • the inflection means consist of a first element 31 cone-shaped and whose axis of symmetry coincides with axis 22 of the cyclotron and of a second element 33 essentially in the form of a ring, with the same axis of symmetry, and which essentially surrounds the cone 31, of so as to form an annular space 34 between the two elements 31 and 33.
  • These elements are necessarily made of a ferromagnetic material, such as low carbon or an iron-cobalt alloy.
  • the particle beam will tend to bend along a spiral or helical path as shown in FIG. 3b.
  • the beam is coming essentially by the upper part above inflection elements it should be slightly deflected relative to the central (and vertical) axis of the cyclotron during of its passage between said inflection means.
  • guide coils 28 or other devices adequate deflection must be present above inflection elements.
  • the inflection means are constituted by rings or washers which also provide a horizontal component to the magnetic field.
  • said 40 rings are constructed from small elements 41 which are preferably Samarium-Cobalt magnets.
  • each ring is made from elements 41, which are all permanent magnets with individual orientations of the magnetic field which evolve gradually along the perimeter of the ring.
  • a uniform field 42 is made inside the ring 40. Thanks to the characteristics of the material used, a ring such as represented in FIG. 5, placed in the center of the cyclotron, will not disturb the essentially axial magnetic field (vertical) which is present in the air gap of the cyclotron, at with the exception of the space inside the ring. AT this place, an additional component of the field magnetic is created. By properly disposing of said rings, we can gradually bend the beam of particles until they are arranged in the median plane.
  • the solution will have the advantage of not requiring the presence deflection devices, such as coils guidance, upstream of the inflection elements.
  • An example of execution makes it possible to envisage the acceleration of particles H - in a cyclotron of 115 MeV for an injection energy of 80 kV.
  • the radius of the center of the cyclotron will be 5.12 cm and the connection radius will be between 6 and 7 cm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

The cyclotron for acceleration of charged particle beams circulating in a median plane. It is in the form of two poles inducing a magnetic field and possessing an axial injector, this injector disposed at the exterior of the cyclotron essentially along the principal axis of the cyclotron and perpendicular to its median plane. It has inflexion units, which allow the inflexion of the particle beams right up to the positioning in the median plane, these units made up of a magnetic inflexion components.

Description

Objet de l'inventionSubject of the invention

La présente invention vise à proposer un cyclotron muni d'un nouveau type d'inflecteur utilisé pour "infléchir" un faisceau de particules chargées injectées axialement par un dispositif d'injection ou injecteur vers le plan médian du cyclotron.The present invention aims to provide a cyclotron fitted with a new type of inflator used to "inflect" a beam of injected charged particles axially by an injection device or injector towards the median plane of the cyclotron.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Les cyclotrons sont des accélérateurs de particules chargées utilisés en particulier pour la production d'isotopes radioactifs. Ces cyclotrons sont basés sur les principes élémentaires de la force de Lorenz : F = qv x B qui induit le fait qu'une particule chargée décrit essentiellement un arc de cercle dans un champ magnétique uniforme perpendiculaire au plan dans lequel la particule chargée se déplace.Cyclotrons are charged particle accelerators used in particular for the production of radioactive isotopes. These cyclotrons are based on the elementary principles of the Lorenz force: F = q v x B which induces the fact that a charged particle essentially describes an arc of a circle in a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane in which the charged particle moves. .

Les cyclotrons se composent de plusieurs ensembles principaux distincts, tels que l'électro-aimant qui assure le guidage des particules chargées, le résonateur haute fréquence qui assure l'accélération desdites particules et enfin le système d'injection desdites particules dans le cyclotron.Cyclotrons consist of several separate main assemblies, such as the electromagnet which guides the charged particles, the high frequency resonator which ensures acceleration said particles and finally the injection system of said particles in the cyclotron.

La combinaison des différents moyens permet de réaliser une accélération des particules chargées qui vont décrire dans le plan médian du cyclotron (perpendiculaire au champ magnétique) une trajectoire présentant approximativement une forme de spirale de rayon croissant autour de l'axe central (vertical) du cyclotron qui est perpendiculaire au plan médian.The combination of different means allows to accelerate charged particles which will describe in the median plane of the cyclotron (perpendicular to the magnetic field) a trajectory having roughly a spiral shape with a radius ascending around the central (vertical) axis of the cyclotron which is perpendicular to the median plane.

Dans les cyclotrons modernes de type isochrone, les pôles de l'électro-aimant sont divisés en secteurs présentant alternativement un entrefer réduit et un entrefer plus grand. La variation azimutale du champ magnétique qui en résulte a pour effet d'assurer la focalisation verticale et horizontale du faisceau au cours de l'accélération.In modern type cyclotrons isochronous, the poles of the electromagnet are divided into sectors alternately having a reduced air gap and a larger air gap. The azimuthal variation of the field resulting magnetic effect ensures the vertical and horizontal focusing of the beam during acceleration.

Parmi les cyclotrons isochrones, il convient de distinguer les cyclotrons de type compact, qui sont énergétisés par une paire de bobines circulaires principales et les cyclotrons dits à secteurs séparés, où la structure magnétique est divisée en unités séparées entièrement autonomes.Among the isochronous cyclotrons, it is advisable to distinguish the compact type cyclotrons, which are energized by a pair of circular coils main and so-called separate sector cyclotrons, where the magnetic structure is divided into separate units fully autonomous.

Le résonateur haute fréquence est quant à lui constitué par les électrodes accélératrices, appelées fréquemment "dées" pour des raisons historiques. On applique ainsi aux électrodes une tension alternative de plusieurs dizaines de kilovolts à la fréquence de rotation des particules dans l'aimant.The high frequency resonator is constituted by the accelerating electrodes, called frequently "dies" for historical reasons. We thus applies an alternating voltage of several tens of kilovolts at the frequency of rotation particles in the magnet.

Ces particules chargées accélérées par un cyclotron peuvent être des particules positives, tels que des protons, ou des particules négatives, telles que des ions H-.These charged particles accelerated by a cyclotron can be positive particles, such as protons, or negative particles, such as H - ions.

Ces dernières particules (les ions H- en l'occurrence) sont extraites en effectuant une conversion des ions négatifs en ions positifs en faisant passer ceux-ci à travers une feuille, par exemple de carbone, qui a pour fonction de dépouiller les ions négatifs de leurs électrons.These latter particles (the H ions - in this case) are extracted by converting the negative ions into positive ions by passing them through a sheet, for example of carbon, which has the function of stripping the negative ions of their electrons.

Néanmoins l'accélération de telles particules négatives présente des difficultés importantes.However, the acceleration of such particles negative presents significant difficulties.

Le principal inconvénient réside dans le fait que les ions négatifs sont fragiles et sont de ce fait facilement dissociés par des molécules de gaz résiduel ou par les champs magnétiques importants traversés à haute énergie et présents dans le cyclotron.The main drawback is that that the negative ions are fragile and are therefore easily dissociated by residual gas molecules or by the strong magnetic fields crossed at high energy and present in the cyclotron.

De ce fait, il est impératif que le vide présent dans le cyclotron soit très poussé.Therefore, it is imperative that the vacuum present in the cyclotron is very advanced.

De même, le dispositif d'injection et la source sont, pour ces raisons, situés à l'extérieur du cyclotron. Ceci permet d'éviter toute pollution de l'entrefer du cyclotron.Likewise, the injection device and the source are, for these reasons, located outside the cyclotron. This avoids any pollution of the air gap of the cyclotron.

Une autre raison pour laquelle les dispositifs d'injection et source sont disposés à l'extérieur du cyclotron réside dans l'exiguïté de l'espace disponible au sein même du cyclotron.Another reason why injection and source devices are arranged to the exterior of the cyclotron resides in the smallness of the space available within the cyclotron.

Habituellement, les dispositif d'injection et source sont disposés directement au-dessus de l'axe central du cyclotron de manière à injecter les particules générées selon une direction essentiellement verticale vers le centre du cyclotron, où elles seront infléchies progressivement afin d'être dirigées dans le plan médian (horizontal) du cyclotron où elles subiront les diverses accélérations.Usually the injection devices and source are arranged directly above the central axis of the cyclotron so as to inject the generated particles in an essentially vertical direction towards the center of the cyclotron, where they will be inflected gradually in order to be directed in the median plane (horizontal) of the cyclotron where they will undergo the various acceleration.

C'est pour cette raison que les cyclotrons sont appelés des cyclotrons à injecteur axial.It is for this reason that the cyclotrons are called cyclotrons with axial injector.

Il convient de noter que le dessin naturel du champ magnétique régnant dans le cyclotron étant lui-même vertical, l'injection du faisceau de particules se fera donc selon les lignes du champ magnétique et les particules ne seront pas défléchies si on ne perturbe pas ledit champ magnétique.It should be noted that the natural design of the magnetic field prevailing in the cyclotron being itself vertical, the particle beam will be injected so along the lines of the magnetic field and the particles will not be deflected if the said field is not disturbed magnetic.

Selon l'état de la technique, pour diriger le faisceau de particules de manière adéquate dans le plan médian, c'est-à-dire perpendiculairement à la direction d'injection, on propose de disposer dans le cyclotron des inflecteurs, qui infléchissent progressivement le faisceau.According to the state of the art, to direct the particle beam adequately in the plane median, i.e. perpendicular to the direction of injection, it is proposed to have in the cyclotron the inflectors, which gradually bend the beam.

Selon l'état de la technique, les inflecteurs connus sont des inflecteurs électrostatiques qui sont essentiellement constitués d'une électrode négative et d'une électrode positive entre lesquelles par une différence de potentiel un champ électrique est créé. Celui-ci va progressivement infléchir le faisceau de particules jusqu'à le positionner correctement de manière tangentielle dans le plan médian du cyclotron et donc perpendiculairement par rapport à sa direction d'arrivée.According to the state of the art, the inflectors known are electrostatic inflectors which are basically consist of a negative electrode and of a positive electrode between which by a potential difference an electric field is created. This will gradually bend the beam of particles to position it correctly so tangential in the median plane of the cyclotron and therefore perpendicular to its direction of arrival.

En réalité, le faisceau de particules effectue un mouvement en spirale.In reality, the particle beam performs a spiral movement.

En effet, dès que sous l'effet du champ électrique essentiellement axial, régnant entre les électrodes à l'entrée de l'inflecteur électrostatique, les particules chargées acquièrent une composante de vitesse dans le plan horizontal, en étant soumises à la force de Lorentz.Indeed, as soon as under the effect of the field essentially axial electric, prevailing between electrodes at the input of the electrostatic inflator, the charged particles acquire a velocity component in the horizontal plane, being subjected to the force of Lorentz.

La combinaison des deux composantes génère un mouvement en spirale du faisceau de particules au sein de la partie centrale du cyclotron.The combination of the two components generates a spiral movement of the particle beam within the central part of the cyclotron.

Des exemples de tels dispositifs sont décrits abondamment dans la littérature. En particulier, le document NL - A - 9302257 décrit ce type d'inflecteur.Examples of such devices are described abundantly in the literature. In particular, the document NL - A - 9302257 describes this type of inflator.

La présence d'un tel inflecteur destiné à permettre l'introduction du faisceau de particules par l'axe central (vertical) génère la présence d'un trou dans l'entrefer et perturbe de ce fait le champ magnétique vertical.The presence of such an inflector intended for allow the introduction of the particle beam by the central (vertical) axis generates the presence of a hole in the air gap and thereby disturbs the magnetic field vertical.

Les autres inconvénients résident dans le fait que ces électrodes doivent être soumises à une différence de potentiel d'autant plus importante que l'intensité du faisceau de particules sera importante.The other drawbacks lie in the these electrodes must be subjected to a potential difference all the more important as the intensity of the particle beam will be important.

Or la tendance actuelle est de vouloir augmenter l'intensité des faisceaux qui est pour l'instant comprise entre 300 et 500 µA jusqu'à des valeurs qui peuvent atteindre quelques mA.Now the current trend is to want increase the intensity of the beams which is for now between 300 and 500 µA up to values which can reach a few mA.

Un autre problème important réside dans le fait que pour augmenter l'intensité du faisceau de particules, on augmente la charge d'espace, c'est-à-dire la densité de charge électrique provoquant ainsi la répulsion électrostatique des charges et par là un élargissement du faisceau (charges électriques provoquées par la présence de nombreuses particules chargées qui se repoussent mutuellement dans un espace, causant ainsi une augmentation de la taille du faisceau). Cette charge d'espace dépend bien entendu de l'intensité de la vitesse du faisceau. Pour diminuer la charge d'espace, il est donc nécessaire d'augmenter la vitesse des particules chargées à partir du dispositif d'injection et donc la tension d'injection.Another important problem is the fact that to increase the beam intensity of particles, we increase the space charge, that is to say the density of electric charge thus causing the electrostatic repulsion of charges and thereby beam widening (electric charges caused by the presence of many charged particles which repel each other in a space, causing increased beam size). This charge of space depends of course on the intensity of the speed of the beam. To decrease the space charge, it is therefore necessary to increase the speed of charged particles to from the injection device and therefore the voltage injection.

Ceci signifie qu'il serait également nécessaire d'augmenter les tensions des électrodes de l'inflecteur qui sont de l'ordre de 5 kV pour l'instant, à des valeurs proches de 15 kV, voire plus, par exemple quelques dizaines de kilovolts.This means that it would also necessary to increase the voltages of the electrodes of the inflator which are of the order of 5 kV for the moment, at values close to 15 kV or more, for example a few tens of kilovolts.

Ceci, bien entendu, serait la cause de toute une série de problèmes inhérents aux électrodes, comme particulièrement des problèmes d'isolation insuffisante ou de claquage desdites électrodes. This, of course, would be the cause of all a series of inherent electrode problems, such as particularly problems with insufficient insulation or of breakdown of said electrodes.

Un dernier problème provient du fait de la symétrie de révolution du cyclotron isochrone qui comprend une alternance de collines et de vallées.A final problem stems from the fact that symmetry of revolution of the isochronous cyclotron which includes alternating hills and valleys.

Pour ce type de cyclotrons, la focalisation s'effectue par gradients alternés et est particulièrement délicate au centre du cyclotron du fait que l'effet de modulation du champ dû aux collines et vallées disparaít au centre du cyclotron. Pour remédier à ce manque de focalisation, on souhaite placer une bosse de champ à cet endroit. La présence du trou axial requis par l'injection du faisceau s'oppose à la création d'une telle bosse de champ.For this type of cyclotron, the focusing is performed by alternating gradients and is particularly delicate in the center of the cyclotron because the effect of modulation of the field due to the hills and valleys disappears at center of the cyclotron. To remedy this lack of focus, we want to place a field bump at this place. The presence of the axial hole required by the injection of the beam opposes the creation of such a bump of field.

Buts de l'inventionAims of the invention

La présente invention vise à proposer une solution qui permette de surmonter les différents inconvénients de l'état de la technique.The present invention aims to provide a solution to overcome the different disadvantages of the state of the art.

La présente invention vise en particulier à proposer un cyclotron présentant un nouveau type d'inflecteur qui permet d'infléchir progressivement le faisceau de particules chargées provenant d'un dispositif d'injection ou injecteur extérieur disposé axialement par rapport au centre du cyclotron vers le plan médian dudit cyclotron en vue de les soumettre aux accélérations.The present invention aims in particular to offer a cyclotron with a new type inflector which allows to gradually inflect the beam of charged particles from a device injection or external injector arranged axially by relation to the center of the cyclotron towards the median plane of said cyclotron in order to subject them to accelerations.

Plus précisément, la présente invention vise à proposer un cyclotron muni d'un nouveau type d'inflecteurs qui permet de résoudre le problème de la présence d'une « bosse » de champ au centre dudit cyclotron dans le cas d'un cyclotron isochrone. More specifically, the present invention aims to offer a cyclotron with a new type inflectors which solves the problem of presence of a field “bump” in the center of said cyclotron in the case of an isochronous cyclotron.

Principaux éléments caractéristiquesMain characteristic elements

La présente invention se rapporte à un cyclotron destiné à l'accélération d'un faisceau de particules chargées présentant un injecteur dit axial, c'est-à-dire disposé à l'extérieur du cyclotron et perpendiculairement par rapport au plan médian et selon l'axe central dudit cyclotron, qui combiné à des moyens d'inflexion qui infléchissent le faisceau de particules progressivement permet de le positionner le faisceau dans le plan médian, où les particules subiront de manière classique les accélérations nécessaires. Ces moyens d'inflexion sont disposés essentiellement à l'intersection du plan médian et de l'axe du cyclotron.The present invention relates to a cyclotron intended for the acceleration of a beam of charged particles having a so-called axial injector, that is to say arranged outside the cyclotron and perpendicular to the median plane and along the central axis of said cyclotron, which combined with means inflection which bend the particle beam gradually allows to position the beam in the midplane, where the particles will undergo so classic the necessary accelerations. These means inflection are arranged essentially at the intersection of the median plane and the axis of the cyclotron.

Selon la présente invention, ces moyens d'inflexion sont constitués par un inflecteur magnétique, c'est-à-dire un ou des éléments qui permettent de donner une composante horizontale ou radiale au champ magnétique, de manière à guider le faisceau de particules chargées progressivement vers le plan médian.According to the present invention, these means inflection are constituted by a magnetic inflator, that is to say one or more elements which make it possible to give a horizontal or radial component to the magnetic field, so as to guide the beam of charged particles gradually towards the median plane.

Selon une première forme d'exécution, on choisit simplement comme moyens d'inflexion des éléments ferro-magnétiques disposés de manière à créer un champ d'induction présentant une composante horizontale ou radiale et qui sont solidaires des pôles du cyclotron.According to a first embodiment, we simply choose as inflection elements ferro-magnetic arranged to create a field induction with a horizontal component or radial and which are integral with the poles of the cyclotron.

Selon une autre forme d'exécution préférée, on utilise des anneaux ou rondelles constitués de blocs collés d'un matériau ne modifiant pas le champ magnétique axial.According to another preferred embodiment, we use rings or washers made of blocks glued with a material that does not modify the magnetic field axial.

Ce matériau est de préférence un aimant permanent fort réalisé dans un alliage tel un alliage Samarium-Cobalt ou Néodyme-Fer-Bore.This material is preferably a magnet strong permanent made of an alloy such as an alloy Samarium-Cobalt or Neodymium-Iron-Boron.

En disposant correctement ces anneaux ou rondelles, on prévoit de donner une composante horizontale ou radiale au champ magnétique en permettant ainsi de guider le faisceau de particules chargées, de manière à ce qu'il s'infléchisse progressivement vers le plan médian.By correctly placing these rings or washers, we plan to give a horizontal component or radial to the magnetic field, thus allowing guide the beam of charged particles so that let it gradually bend towards the median plane.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en perspective d'un cyclotron isochrone dans lequel un inflecteur selon la présente invention pourra être utilisé.Figure 1 shows a schematic view in perspective of an isochronous cyclotron in which a inflector according to the present invention may be used.

La figure 2 décrit une vue en coupe d'un tel cyclotron.Figure 2 describes a sectional view of such cyclotron.

La figure 3a et 3b représentent une vue détaillée en plan et en perspective d'une première forme d'exécution d'un inflecteur selon la présente invention.Figure 3a and 3b show a view detailed in plan and in perspective of a first form execution of an inflector according to the present invention.

La figure 4 représente une vue détaillée d'une seconde forme d'exécution d'un inflecteur selon la présente invention.Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a second embodiment of an inflector according to the present invention.

La figure 5 montre un anneau en Sm-Co utilisée selon une forme d'exécution préférée de l'invention décrite à la figure 4.Figure 5 shows a Sm-Co ring used in a preferred embodiment of the invention described in Figure 4.

Description détaillée de plusieurs formes d'exécution de l'inventionDetailed description of several embodiments of the invention

Les figures 1 et 2 décrivent un exemple d'un cyclotron qui peut utiliser les inflecteurs selon les diverses formes d'exécution décrites ci-dessous.Figures 1 and 2 describe an example of a cyclotron which can use the inflectors according to the various embodiments described below.

Le cyclotron 1, tel que représenté, est un cyclotron isochrone compact tel le cyclone 30 produit par la demanderesse destiné à l'accélération de particules négatives, tels que des H-.Cyclotron 1, as shown, is a compact isochronous cyclotron such as cyclone 30 produced by the applicant intended for the acceleration of negative particles, such as H - .

La structure magnétique du cyclotron 1 représentée à la Fig. 1 de manière verticale dans la description qui suit cette structure magnétique est disposée de manière que le plan médian soit essentiellement horizontal. Elle se compose d'un certain nombre d'éléments réalisés en un matériau ferro-magnétique et de bobines 6 réalisées dans un matériau conducteur ou supra-conducteur.The magnetic structure of cyclotron 1 shown in Fig. 1 vertically in the description that follows this magnetic structure is arranged so that the midplane is essentially horizontal. It consists of a number of elements made of ferro-magnetic material and coils 6 made of a conductive or superconductive material.

La structure ferro-magnétique comprend de manière classique :

  • deux plaques de base appelées culasses 2 et 2',
  • au moins trois secteurs 3 supérieurs appelés collines et un même nombre de secteurs inférieurs 3' situés symétriquement par rapport à un plan de symétrie 10, appelé plan médian aux secteurs supérieurs 3, et qui sont séparés par un faible entrefer 8, et définissant entre deux collines consécutives un espace où l'entrefer est de dimension plus élevée et qui est appelé vallée 4,
  • au moins un retour de flux 5 réunissant de façon rigide, la culasse inférieure 2 à la culasse supérieure 2'.
The ferro-magnetic structure conventionally comprises:
  • two base plates called cylinder heads 2 and 2 ',
  • at least three upper sectors 3 called hills and the same number of lower sectors 3 'located symmetrically with respect to a plane of symmetry 10, called median plane to the upper sectors 3, and which are separated by a small air gap 8, and defining between two consecutive hills a space where the air gap is of higher dimension and which is called valley 4,
  • at least one flow return 5 rigidly joining the lower cylinder head 2 to the upper cylinder head 2 '.

Les bobines 6 sont de forme essentiellement circulaire et sont localisées dans l'espace annulaire laissé entre les secteurs 3 et 3' et les retours de flux 5.The coils 6 are essentially shaped circular and are located in the annular space left between sectors 3 and 3 'and flow returns 5.

Un dispositif d'injection 100 est disposé de manière essentiellement axiale, c'est-à-dire à une certaine distance à l'extérieur du cyclotron par rapport au plan médian 10. De manière adéquate, ce dispositif d'injection est situé dans le prolongement de l'axe central du cyclotron.An injection device 100 is arranged essentially axial way, that is to say at some distance outside the cyclotron from the plane median 10. Adequately, this injection device is located in the extension of the central axis of the cyclotron.

Un conduit central 20 est alors créé dans la culasse, par exemple supérieure, de manière à permettre que les particules chargées soient injectées au centre de l'appareil.A central conduit 20 is then created in the cylinder head, for example upper, so that charged particles are injected at the center of the device.

De cette manière, le faisceau de particules chargées sera injecté dans ledit conduit et sera ensuite dirigé à l'aide d'éléments d'inflexion jusqu'à se positionner dans le plan médian dudit cyclotron.In this way, the particle beam charged will be injected into said conduit and will then be directed with inflection elements until position in the median plane of said cyclotron.

Dans ce but, un inflecteur 30 est disposé essentiellement dans l'entrefer au niveau du conduit central et permettra d'infléchir progressivement le faisceau de particules provenant du dispositif d'injection 100 vers le plan médian 10.For this purpose, an inflector 30 is arranged essentially in the air gap at the level of the duct central and will gradually inflect the beam of particles from the injection device 100 to the midplane 10.

Selon la présente invention, le cyclotron présente des moyens d'inflexion ou un inflecteur magnétiques. La caractéristique essentielle de la présente invention réside donc dans le fait que ce genre d'inflecteur ne génère pas de champ électrique au centre du cyclotron. L'inflecteur selon la présente invention est composé de matériaux magnétiques, c'est-à-dire de matériaux ferro-magnétiques ou d'aimants permanents, qui vont perturber le champ magnétique axial du cyclotron, en créant ainsi une composante horizontale ou radiale dudit champ qui va infléchir progressivement le faisceau selon le trajet souhaité.According to the present invention, the cyclotron has inflection means or an inflector magnetic. The essential feature of this invention therefore lies in the fact that this kind Inflector does not generate an electric field in the center of the cyclotron. The inflector according to the present invention is composed of magnetic materials, i.e. materials ferromagnetic or permanent magnets, which go disturb the axial magnetic field of the cyclotron, creating thus a horizontal or radial component of said field which will gradually bend the beam along the path wish.

Selon une première forme d'exécution décrite aux figures 3a et 3b, un tel inflecteur est constitué de pièces formant le circuit magnétique dans la zone centrale du cyclotron. Ces pièces sont solidaires des pôles et sont réalisées en un matériau ferro-magnétique permettant d'introduire une composante radiale au champ magnétique.According to a first described embodiment in FIGS. 3a and 3b, such an inflector consists of parts forming the magnetic circuit in the central area of the cyclotron. These parts are integral with the poles and are made of a ferro-magnetic material allowing to introduce a radial component to the magnetic field.

Selon cette forme d'exécution préférée, les moyens d'inflexion sont constitués d'un premier élément 31 en forme de cône et dont l'axe de symétrie coïncide avec l'axe 22 du cyclotron et d'un deuxième élément 33 essentiellement sous la forme d'un anneau, avec le même axe de symétrie, et qui entoure essentiellement le cône 31, de manière à former un espace annulaire 34 entre les deux éléments 31 et 33. Ces éléments sont nécessairement réalisés en un matériau ferro-magnétique, tel qu'un acier à bas taux de carbone ou un alliage fer-cobalt.According to this preferred embodiment, the inflection means consist of a first element 31 cone-shaped and whose axis of symmetry coincides with axis 22 of the cyclotron and of a second element 33 essentially in the form of a ring, with the same axis of symmetry, and which essentially surrounds the cone 31, of so as to form an annular space 34 between the two elements 31 and 33. These elements are necessarily made of a ferromagnetic material, such as low carbon or an iron-cobalt alloy.

Leur disposition va créer une perturbation du champ magnétique 25 entre les pôles du cyclotron qui va permettre l'inflexion souhaitée du faisceau 26 selon un trajet essentiellement en forme de spirale jusqu'à le positionner de manière adéquate dans le plan médian.Their arrangement will create a disturbance of the magnetic field 25 between the poles of the cyclotron which goes allow the desired deflection of the beam 26 according to a essentially spiral path to the position it adequately in the median plane.

Pour arriver à ce résultat, une composante radiale du champ magnétique est donc créée par les moyens d'inflexion. On voit, comme représenté à la figure 3a, qu'une telle composante radiale sera créée grâce à la forme spécifique des éléments 31 et 33.To achieve this result, a component radial of the magnetic field is therefore created by the means inflection. We see, as shown in Figure 3a, that such a radial component will be created by the shape specific of elements 31 and 33.

Le faisceau de particules aura tendance à s'infléchir selon un trajet en forme de spirale ou hélice tel que représenté à la Fig. 3b.The particle beam will tend to bend along a spiral or helical path as shown in FIG. 3b.

Du fait que le faisceau arrive essentiellement par la partie supérieure située au-dessus des éléments d'inflexion, il doit être légèrement défléchi par rapport à l'axe central (et vertical) du cyclotron lors de son passage entre lesdits moyens d'inflexion. Dans ce but, des bobines de guidage 28 ou d'autres dispositifs de déflexion adéquats doivent être présents au-dessus des éléments d'inflexion.Because the beam is coming essentially by the upper part above inflection elements it should be slightly deflected relative to the central (and vertical) axis of the cyclotron during of its passage between said inflection means. In this purpose, guide coils 28 or other devices adequate deflection must be present above inflection elements.

Selon une autre forme d'exécution décrite à la figure 4, les moyens d'inflexion sont constitués par des anneaux ou rondelles qui permettent également de donner une composante horizontale au champ magnétique. Lesdits anneaux 40 sont construits à partir de petits éléments 41 qui sont de préférence des aimants Samarium-Cobalt.According to another embodiment described in Figure 4, the inflection means are constituted by rings or washers which also provide a horizontal component to the magnetic field. said 40 rings are constructed from small elements 41 which are preferably Samarium-Cobalt magnets.

Comme représenté à la figure 5, chaque anneau est réalisé à partir d'éléments 41, qui sont tous des aimants permanents avec des orientations individuelles du champ magnétique qui évoluent progressivement le long du périmètre de l'anneau.As shown in Figure 5, each ring is made from elements 41, which are all permanent magnets with individual orientations of the magnetic field which evolve gradually along the perimeter of the ring.

De cette manière, un champ uniforme 42 est réalisé à l'intérieur de l'anneau 40. Grâce aux caractéristiques du matériau utilisé, un anneau tel que représenté à la figure 5, disposé au centre du cyclotron, ne perturbera pas le champ magnétique essentiellement axial (vertical) qui est présent dans l'entrefer du cyclotron, à l'exception de l'espace situé à l'intérieur de l'anneau. A cet endroit, une composante additionnelle du champ magnétique est créée. En disposant adéquatement lesdits anneaux, on pourra infléchir progressivement le faisceau de particules jusqu'à le disposer dans le plan médian.In this way, a uniform field 42 is made inside the ring 40. Thanks to the characteristics of the material used, a ring such as represented in FIG. 5, placed in the center of the cyclotron, will not disturb the essentially axial magnetic field (vertical) which is present in the air gap of the cyclotron, at with the exception of the space inside the ring. AT this place, an additional component of the field magnetic is created. By properly disposing of said rings, we can gradually bend the beam of particles until they are arranged in the median plane.

La solution, telle que représentée à la figure 4 et 5 et qui correspond à la seconde forme d'exécution, permet par la disposition d'une série d'aimants en forme d'anneaux au centre du cyclotron d'infléchir progressivement le faisceau provenant de l'injecteur axial selon un trajet formé par le point central des anneaux successifs. Ce trajet est symbolisé par une spirale.The solution, as shown in Figure 4 and 5 and which corresponds to the second form of execution, allows by the provision of a series ring-shaped magnets in the center of the cyclotron to gradually bend the beam coming from the axial injector along a path formed by the point central of successive rings. This journey is symbolized by a spiral.

Selon cette dernière forme d'exécution, la solution présentera l'avantage de ne pas exiger la présence de dispositifs de déflexion, telles que des bobines de guidage, en amont des éléments d'inflexion.According to this latter embodiment, the solution will have the advantage of not requiring the presence deflection devices, such as coils guidance, upstream of the inflection elements.

Un exemple d'exécution permet d'envisager l'accélération de particules H- dans un cyclotron de 115 MeV pour une énergie d'injection de 80 kV. Le champ magnétique au centre sera Bc = 0,811 T avec une rigidité magnétique de 4,15 T.cm. Le rayon du centre du cyclotron sera 5,12 cm et le rayon de raccordement sera compris entre 6 et 7 cm.An example of execution makes it possible to envisage the acceleration of particles H - in a cyclotron of 115 MeV for an injection energy of 80 kV. The magnetic field in the center will be B c = 0.811 T with a magnetic rigidity of 4.15 T.cm. The radius of the center of the cyclotron will be 5.12 cm and the connection radius will be between 6 and 7 cm.

Claims (9)

Cyclotron (1) destiné à l'accélération d'un faisceau (16) de particules chargées circulant dans le plan médian (10) se présentant essentiellement sous la forme de deux pôles induisant un champ magnétique et possédant un injecteur (100) dit axial, c'est-à-dire un injecteur disposé à l'extérieur du cyclotron essentiellement selon l'axe principal (22) du cyclotron et donc perpendiculairement au plan médian de celui-ci et qui est combiné à des moyens d'inflexion (30 ou 40) qui permettent d'infléchir le faisceau de particules jusqu'à le positionner dans le plan médian, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'inflexion sont constitués par un inflecteur magnétique.Cyclotron (1) intended for the acceleration of a beam (16) of charged particles circulating in the median plane (10) being essentially in the form of two poles inducing a magnetic field and having a so-called axial injector (100), that is to say an injector disposed outside the cyclotron essentially along the main axis (22) of the cyclotron and therefore perpendicular to the median plane thereof and which is combined with inflection means (30 or 40) which allow the particle beam to be bent until it is positioned in the median plane, characterized in that the inflection means are constituted by a magnetic inflector. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'inflexion donnent une composante horizontale ou radiale au champ magnétique au niveau du centre du cyclotron permettant ainsi de guider le faisceau de particules chargées de manière à ce qu'il s'infléchisse progressivement vers le plan médian.Cyclotron according to claim 1, characterized in that the inflection means give a horizontal or radial component to the magnetic field at the center of the cyclotron thus making it possible to guide the beam of charged particles so that it gradually bends towards the median plane. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'inflexion sont constitués par des éléments ferro-magnétiques (31 et 33), de préférence solidaires aux deux pôles.Cyclotron according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inflection means consist of ferro-magnetic elements (31 and 33), preferably integral with the two poles. Cyclotron selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'inflexion comprennent un premier élément en forme de cône (31) et un second élément en forme d'anneau (33) entourant une partie dudit cône.Cyclotron according to claim 3, characterized in that said inflection means comprise a first cone-shaped element (31) and a second ring-shaped element (33) surrounding a part of said cone. Cyclotron selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les axes de symétrie desdits éléments coïncident avec l'axe de symétrie du cyclotron. Cyclotron according to claim 4, in which the axes of symmetry of said elements coincide with the axis of symmetry of the cyclotron. Cyclotron selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre en amont des moyens d'inflexion des éléments de guidage (28) dudit faisceau.Cyclotron according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises, upstream, means for inflection of the guide elements (28) of said beam. Cyclotron selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'inflexion sont constitués par des anneaux ou rondelles (40) assemblés à partir d'éléments individuels qui sont des aimants permanents.Cyclotron according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inflection means consist of rings or washers (40) assembled from individual elements which are permanent magnets. Cyclotron selon la revendication 7, dans lequel lesdits aimants permanents sont réalisés en un alliage tel un alliage Samarium-Cobalt ou Neodyme-Fer-Bore.Cyclotron according to claim 7, in which said permanent magnets are made of alloy such as a Samarium-Cobalt or Neodyme-Fer-Bore alloy. Cyclotron selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel lesdits moyens d'inflexion sont constitués d'une série d'anneaux dont les points centraux forment une trajectoire en forme de spirale ou hélice.Cyclotron according to claim 8 or 9, in which said inflection means are constituted of a series of rings whose central points form a trajectory in the form of a spiral or helix.
EP02447140A 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Cyclotron provided with new particle beam sweeping means Withdrawn EP1385362A1 (en)

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EP02447140A EP1385362A1 (en) 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Cyclotron provided with new particle beam sweeping means
PCT/BE2003/000124 WO2004010748A1 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron equipped with novel particle beam deflecting means
ES03739886T ES2373548T3 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 CYCLONE PROVIDED WITH NEW MEANS OF INFLECTION OF THE BEAM OF PARTICLES.
AT03739886T ATE524954T1 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 CYCLOTRON WITH NEW PARTICLE BEAM DEFLECTION MEANS
AU2003281602A AU2003281602A1 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron equipped with novel particle beam deflecting means
EP03739886A EP1527658B1 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron provided with new particle beam inflection means
US10/522,649 US7456591B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron equipped with novel particle beam deflecting means

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