EP1384689A1 - Fluid dispensing device with actuator locking means - Google Patents

Fluid dispensing device with actuator locking means Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1384689A1
EP1384689A1 EP03291470A EP03291470A EP1384689A1 EP 1384689 A1 EP1384689 A1 EP 1384689A1 EP 03291470 A EP03291470 A EP 03291470A EP 03291470 A EP03291470 A EP 03291470A EP 1384689 A1 EP1384689 A1 EP 1384689A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pusher
locking means
locked position
tab
elastically deformable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03291470A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1384689B1 (en
Inventor
Gilles Vert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qualipac SA
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Qualipac SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1384689A1 publication Critical patent/EP1384689A1/en
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Publication of EP1384689B1 publication Critical patent/EP1384689B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/16—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means
    • B65D83/20—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means operated by manual action, e.g. button-type actuator or actuator caps
    • B65D83/205—Actuator caps, or peripheral actuator skirts, attachable to the aerosol container
    • B65D83/206—Actuator caps, or peripheral actuator skirts, attachable to the aerosol container comprising a cantilevered actuator element, e.g. a lever pivoting about a living hinge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1042—Components or details
    • B05B11/1059—Means for locking a pump or its actuation means in a fixed position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
    • B65D83/16—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means
    • B65D83/22—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means with a mechanical means to disable actuation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Abstract

The dispensing device (4) has a lock (20) which is moved from an inactive state to an active state by the application of a force to a push button (12) in the activating direction in order to displace the push button in relation to a main body in the opposite sense to that in which it is pressed in. The push button is depressed in relation to the main body in the activating direction to control the dispensing of fluid. The lock prevents the push button from being depressed in the activating direction when in the active state.

Description

L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de distribution de fluide et en particulier de fluide cosmétique.The subject of the invention is a device for distributing fluid and particular cosmetic fluid.

Elle concerne plus particulièrement les dispositifs de distribution de fluide du type à poussoir commandant des moyens de distribution de fluide. Elle vise à éviter tout actionnement accidentel du poussoir risquant notamment de déverser le contenu du flacon dans la trousse de toilette.It relates more particularly to the distribution devices of fluid of the push-button type controlling fluid distribution means. Its aim is to avoid any accidental actuation of the push-piece which risks including pouring the contents of the bottle into the toiletry bag.

EP-A-0 659 157 décrit un dispositif comprenant :

  • un corps destiné à être fixé sur le col d'un flacon,
  • un poussoir pouvant s'enfoncer par rapport au corps suivant une direction d'actionnement entre une position repos et une position enfoncée, afin de commander des moyens de distribution du fluide,
  • des moyens de verrouillage présentant un état actif dans lequel ils empêchent l'enfoncement du poussoir suivant ladite direction d'actionnement et un état inactif dans lequel ils autorisent ledit enfoncement.
EP-A-0 659 157 describes a device comprising:
  • a body intended to be fixed on the neck of a bottle,
  • a pusher which can sink relative to the body in an actuating direction between a rest position and a depressed position, in order to control means for distributing the fluid,
  • locking means having an active state in which they prevent the plunger from being pushed in according to said actuating direction and an inactive state in which they allow said pushing.

Toutefois, les moyens de verrouillage étant constitués par un anneau monté tournant autour du corps suivant la direction d'actionnement pour empêcher l'enfoncement du poussoir par translation suivant cette même direction, il est nécessaire de prévoir une pièce supplémentaire (l'anneau), distincte du poussoir et du corps. En outre, cette pièce supplémentaire doit être visible pour pouvoir être aisément actionnée par l'utilisateur.However, the locking means being constituted by a ring mounted rotating around the body in the direction of actuation to prevent the push-in from being pushed in by translation along this same direction, it is necessary to provide an additional room (the ring), separate from the pusher and the body. In addition, this additional room must be visible so that it can be easily operated by the user.

L'invention vise à réduire le surcoût généré par les moyens de verrouillage proposés dans EP-A-0 659 157 pour réaliser le dispositif de distribution et à s'affranchir d'une contrainte esthétique due à la présence de cet anneau.The invention aims to reduce the additional cost generated by the means of locking proposed in EP-A-0 659 157 to produce the locking device distribution and to get rid of an aesthetic constraint due to the presence of this ring.

Pour ce faire, l'invention propose que pour amener les moyens de verrouillage de leur état inactif à leur état actif, il faut exercer un effort sur le poussoir suivant la direction d'actionnement, afin de le déplacer par translation par rapport au corps dans le sens opposé à son enfoncement, de la position repos à une position verrouillée. To do this, the invention proposes that to bring the means of locking from their inactive state to their active state, an effort must be exerted on the pusher in the direction of actuation, in order to move it by translation relative to the body in the direction opposite to its sinking, of the rest position to a locked position.

Le verrouillage étant commandé par le déplacement du poussoir par rapport au corps suivant une translation de même direction (mais de sens opposé) que l'enfoncement du poussoir, pour réaliser le verrouillage il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir de pièce distincte et la réalisation du corps et du poussoir n'a guère besoin d'être modifiée.The locking being controlled by the movement of the pusher by relation to the body following a translation of the same direction (but of direction opposite) that the pushing of the pusher, to achieve locking it is no need to provide a separate room and the realization of the body and push button hardly needs to be changed.

Par conséquent, la réalisation et le montage du dispositif sont simplifiés, de sorte que son coût de revient est réduit.Consequently, the making and mounting of the device are simplified, so that its cost price is reduced.

En outre, l'utilisateur n'a que deux pièces (le poussoir et le corps) à déplacer relativement l'une à l'autre et suivant une seule direction. L'utilisation du dispositif s'en trouve donc simplifiée et le nombre de pièces visibles est réduit.In addition, the user only has two parts (the pusher and the body) to move relatively to each other and in one direction only. The use of the device is therefore simplified and the number of parts visible is reduced.

Une solution simple proposée par l'invention consiste en ce que les moyens de verrouillage comprennent un bossage et une barrette liés pour l'un au corps et pour l'autre au poussoir, ladite barette et/ou ledit bossage se déformant élastiquement lorsque les moyens de verrouillage passent de la position active à la position inactive et inversement..A simple solution proposed by the invention consists in that the locking means include a boss and a bar connected to one to the body and the other to the pusher, said bar and / or said boss is elastically deforming when the locking means pass from the active position to inactive position and vice versa.

Ces moyens sont relativement peu onéreux et permette à l'utilisateur de ressentir un cran qu'il peut passer en exerçant un effort lorsqu'il souhaite faire passer les moyens de verrouillage de la position active à la position inactive.These means are relatively inexpensive and allow the user to feel a notch that he can pass by exerting an effort when he wishes moving the locking means from the active position to the position inactive.

Pour plus de sûreté et éviter que le fluide ne soit déversé, même si le bouton est soumis accidentellement à cet effort, l'invention propose que :

  • le corps et le poussoir ménagent entre eux une fente lorsque le poussoir est en position verrouillée, laquelle fente étant sensiblement réduite lorsque le poussoir n'est pas en position verrouillée,
  • les moyens de verrouillage comprennent au moins une patte élastiquement déformable formant butée lorsque le poussoir est en position verrouillée, en s'insérant entre le corps et le poussoir,
  • ladite patte est contrainte lorsque le poussoir n'est pas en position verrouillée, de sorte la patte s'insère automatiquement dans ladite fente, par retour élastique, lorsque le poussoir est amené en position verrouillée.
For greater safety and to prevent the fluid from being spilled, even if the button is accidentally subjected to this effort, the invention proposes that:
  • the body and the pusher provide between them a slit when the pusher is in the locked position, which slit being substantially reduced when the pusher is not in the locked position,
  • the locking means comprise at least one elastically deformable tab forming a stop when the pusher is in the locked position, by being inserted between the body and the pusher,
  • said tab is constrained when the pusher is not in the locked position, so the tab is automatically inserted into said slot, by elastic return, when the pusher is brought into the locked position.

Ainsi, on obtient un verrouillage automatique par obstacle du poussoir et il ne peut être déverrouillé qu'en agissant sur ladite patte.Thus, an automatic obstacle locking of the pusher and it can only be unlocked by acting on said tab.

De préférence, pour réduire encore le coût du dispositif, la patte élastiquement déformable est obtenue de matière avec le corps.Preferably, to further reduce the cost of the device, the tab elastically deformable is obtained in one piece with the body.

En outre, pour améliorer la robustesse du dispositif, les moyens de verrouillage comprennent avantageusement deux pattes élastiquement déformables.In addition, to improve the robustness of the device, the means of locking advantageously include two legs elastically deformable.

L'invention va apparaítre encore plus clairement dans la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée de l'ensemble,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe médiane du dispositif de distribution, conformément à la ligne repérée II-II à la figure 5, poussoir en position repos,
  • la figure 3 est une vue du dispositif de distribution conformément à la figure 2, poussoir en position verrouillée,
  • la figure 4 est une vue du dispositif de distribution conformément à la figure 2, poussoir en position enfoncée,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne repérée V-V à la figure 2,
  • la figure 6 est une vue en perspective du corps,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective de l'élément intérieur et du poussoir seuls, le poussoir étant en position déverrouillée,
  • la figure 8 est une vue conformément à la figure 7, le poussoir étant en position enfoncée.
The invention will appear even more clearly in the description which follows, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in median section of the dispensing device, in accordance with the line marked II-II in FIG. 5, pusher in the rest position,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the dispensing device in accordance with FIG. 2, pusher in the locked position,
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the dispensing device in accordance with FIG. 2, pusher in the depressed position,
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the line marked VV in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the body,
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the interior element and of the pusher alone, the pusher being in the unlocked position,
  • Figure 8 is a view according to Figure 7, the pusher being in the depressed position.

Les figures illustrent un ensemble 1 comprenant un flacon 2 muni d'un dispositif de distribution 4 de fluide, en particulier de fluide cosmétique.The figures illustrate a set 1 comprising a bottle 2 provided a fluid distribution device 4, in particular fluid cosmetic.

Le dispositif de distribution 4 est fixé sur le col du flacon 2 et comprend essentiellement un corps 7, une pompe 8 formant moyens de distribution de fluide, une tête de distribution 10 munie d'une tige souple 11, un poussoir 12 (constitué ici de deux parties 12a, 12b) et des moyens de verrouillage 20. Le corps 7 comporte une coque 14 et un élément intérieur 6 maintenus ensemble par l'intermédiaire de moyens d'encliquetage 32.The dispensing device 4 is fixed to the neck of the bottle 2 and essentially comprises a body 7, a pump 8 forming means of fluid distribution, a distribution head 10 provided with a flexible rod 11, a pusher 12 (here consisting of two parts 12a, 12b) and means for lock 20. The body 7 comprises a shell 14 and an interior element 6 held together by latching means 32.

De manière classique, afin d'obtenir du produit, l'utilisateur appuie sur le poussoir 12, suivant une direction d'actionnement 16 à partir de la position repos, relâchée. Le poussoir 12 s'enfonce alors dans la coque 14 et déplace la tête de distribution 10 suivant la direction d'actionnement 16, tel qu'illustré à la figure 4. Du fait du déplacement de la tête de distribution 10, la pompe 8 est actionnée, délivrant ainsi le produit cosmétique.Conventionally, in order to obtain product, the user presses on the pusher 12, in an actuating direction 16 from the rest position, relaxed. The pusher 12 then sinks into the shell 14 and moves the dispensing head 10 in the direction of actuation 16, as as illustrated in FIG. 4. Due to the displacement of the dispensing head 10, the pump 8 is actuated, thus delivering the cosmetic product.

Lorsque l'utilisateur relâche la pression sur le poussoir 12, sous l'action de deux lames élastiques 18, le poussoir 12 et la tête de distribution 10 sont ramenés dans la position repos illustrée aux figures 2,5 et 7.When the user releases the pressure on the pusher 12, under the action of two elastic blades 18, the pusher 12 and the dispensing head 10 are returned to the rest position illustrated in FIGS. 2.5 and 7.

Les moyens de verrouillage 20 sont destinés à éviter le déversement inopiné de produit cosmétique. Ils comprennent deux pattes élastiques 24 obtenues de matière avec l'élément intérieur 6 et présentent un état actif correspondant à la position verrouillée du poussoir et un état inactif correspondant aux autres positions du poussoir. Pour activer les moyens de verrouillage, à partir de la position repos du poussoir, l'utilisateur tire sur le poussoir 12, autrement dit il agit sur le poussoir pour le déplacer suivant la direction d'actionnement 16 dans le sens opposé à celui provoquant la distribution de produit.The locking means 20 are intended to prevent spillage unexpected cosmetic product. They include two elastic tabs 24 obtained in material with the inner element 6 and have an active state corresponding to the locked position of the pusher and an inactive state corresponding to the other positions of the pusher. To activate the means of locking, from the pusher rest position, the user pulls on the pusher 12, in other words it acts on the pusher to move it according to the direction of actuation 16 in the opposite direction to that causing the product distribution.

Deux espaces, définissant chacun une fente 22, se créent alors entre la coque 14 et le poussoir 12, dans lesquels s'insèrent des pattes élastiques qui étaient précontraintes 24. Lesdites fentes 22 étant alors obturées par les pattes élastiques 24 par l'intermédiaire de leur extrémité libre 26, il n'est pas possible de les refermer simplement en déplaçant le poussoir par rapport à la coque en sens inverse, autrement dit uniquement en appuyant sur le poussoir 12. Le poussoir 12 se trouve alors dans la position verrouillée illustrée à la figure 3.Two spaces, each defining a slit 22, are then created between the shell 14 and pusher 12, into which are inserted elastic tabs which were prestressed 24. Said slots 22 are then closed by the tabs elastic 24 through their free end 26, it is not possible to close them simply by moving the pusher relative to the shell in reverse, i.e. only by pressing the pusher 12. The pusher 12 is then in the locked position illustrated in figure 3.

Pour déverrouiller le poussoir 12, il faut pousser à l'extrémité 26 des pattes élastiques 24, tel qu'indiqué par les flèches repérées 34 à la figure 3, afin de dégager les fentes 22 et simultanément presser sur le poussoir 12.To unlock the pusher 12, push the end 26 of the elastic tabs 24, as indicated by the arrows identified 34 in FIG. 3, in order to clear the slots 22 and simultaneously press the pusher 12.

Afin d'éviter que le dispositif de distribution 10 ne passe en position verrouillée de manière inopinée, le poussoir est muni de quatre bossages 28 venant chacun au contact d'une barrette élastique 30 appartenant à l'élément intérieur 6 et s'étendant transversalement à la direction d'actionnement 16. Ainsi, pour placer le dispositif de distribution 10 en position verrouillée à partir de la position repos ou inversement, il faut vaincre la résistance élastique des barrettes élastiques 30 due à leur déformation élastique lors du passage des bossages 28.To prevent the dispensing device 10 from moving into position unexpectedly locked, the pusher has four bosses 28 each coming into contact with an elastic bar 30 belonging to the element interior 6 and extending transversely to the actuating direction 16. Thus, to place the dispensing device 10 in the locked position at from the rest position or vice versa, you must overcome the resistance elasticity of the elastic bars 30 due to their elastic deformation during passage of bosses 28.

L'invention présente en outre l'avantage d'obtenir le verrouillage de l'ensemble 1 en position de non-distribution sans ajouter de pièce, puisque les pattes élastiques 24 sont intégrées à l'élément intérieur 6.The invention also has the advantage of obtaining the locking of assembly 1 in non-distribution position without adding any part, since the elastic tabs 24 are integrated into the interior element 6.

Claims (5)

Dispositif (4) de distribution de fluide comprenant : un corps (6, 7,14) destiné à être fixé sur le col d'un flacon (2), un poussoir (12) pouvant s'enfoncer par rapport au corps suivant une direction d'actionnement (16) entre une position repos et une position enfoncée, afin de commander des moyens de distribution du fluide (8), des moyens de verrouillage (20) présentant un état actif dans lequel ils empêchent l'enfoncement du poussoir suivant ladite direction d'actionnement et un état inactif dans lequel ils autorisent ledit enfoncement, caractérisé en ce que pour amener les moyens de verrouillage de leur état inactif à leur état actif, il faut exercer un effort sur le poussoir suivant la direction d'actionnement, afin de le déplacer par translation par rapport au corps dans le sens opposé à son enfoncement, de la position repos à une position verrouillée.Fluid distribution device (4) comprising: a body (6, 7,14) intended to be fixed on the neck of a bottle (2), a pusher (12) which can sink relative to the body in an actuating direction (16) between a rest position and a depressed position, in order to control means for distributing the fluid (8), locking means (20) having an active state in which they prevent the plunger from being pushed in according to said actuating direction and an inactive state in which they authorize said pushing, characterized in that to bring the locking means from their inactive state to their active state, it is necessary to exert a force on the pusher in the direction of actuation, in order to move it by translation relative to the body in the direction opposite to its pushing in from the rest position to a locked position. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de verrouillage comprennent un bossage (28) et une barrette (30) liés pour l'un au corps (6, 7) et pour l'autre au poussoir (12), ladite barette et/ou ledit bossage se déformant élastiquement lorsque les moyens de verrouillage passent de la position active à la position inactive et inversement.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking means comprise a boss (28) and a bar (30) linked one to the body (6, 7) and the other to the pusher (12), said bar and / or said boss elastically deforming when the locking means pass from the active position to the inactive position and vice versa. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2,
caractérisé en ce que : le corps (7,14) et le poussoir ménagent entre eux une fente (22) lorsque le poussoir est en position verrouillée, laquelle fente est sensiblement réduite lorsque le poussoir n'est pas en position verrouillée, les moyens de verrouillage comprennent au moins une patte élastiquement déformable (24) formant butée lorsque le poussoir est en position verrouillée, en s'insérant entre le corps et le poussoir, ladite patte (24) est contrainte lorsque le poussoir n'est pas en position verrouillée, de sorte que la patte s'insère automatiquement dans ladite fente, par retour élastique, lorsque le poussoir est amené en position verrouillée. Device according to claim 1 or claim 2,
characterized in that : the body (7.14) and the pusher provide between them a slot (22) when the pusher is in the locked position, which slit is substantially reduced when the pusher is not in the locked position, the locking means comprise at least one elastically deformable tab (24) forming a stop when the pusher is in the locked position, by being inserted between the body and the pusher, said tab (24) is constrained when the pusher is not in the locked position, so that the tab is automatically inserted into said slot, by elastic return, when the pusher is brought into the locked position. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la patte élastiquement déformable (24) est obtenue de matière avec le corps (6).Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastically deformable tab (24) is obtained integrally with the body (6). Dispositif selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de verrouillage (20) comprennent deux pattes (24) élastiquement déformables.Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the locking means (20) comprise two lugs (24) elastically deformable.
EP03291470A 2002-07-17 2003-06-17 Fluid dispensing device with actuator locking means Expired - Fee Related EP1384689B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0209036A FR2842511B1 (en) 2002-07-17 2002-07-17 FLUID DISPENSING DEVICE PROVIDED WITH LOCKING MEANS
FR0209036 2002-07-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1384689A1 true EP1384689A1 (en) 2004-01-28
EP1384689B1 EP1384689B1 (en) 2005-06-01

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EP03291470A Expired - Fee Related EP1384689B1 (en) 2002-07-17 2003-06-17 Fluid dispensing device with actuator locking means

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US (1) US6959842B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1384689B1 (en)
DE (1) DE60300756T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2842511B1 (en)

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US10896442B2 (en) 2011-10-19 2021-01-19 Firstface Co., Ltd. Activating display and performing additional function in mobile terminal with one-time user input
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US20040011818A1 (en) 2004-01-22
FR2842511A1 (en) 2004-01-23
DE60300756T2 (en) 2006-03-23
FR2842511B1 (en) 2004-08-27
EP1384689B1 (en) 2005-06-01
DE60300756D1 (en) 2005-07-07
US6959842B2 (en) 2005-11-01

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