EP1331690B1 - Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam - Google Patents
Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam Download PDFInfo
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- EP1331690B1 EP1331690B1 EP02001533A EP02001533A EP1331690B1 EP 1331690 B1 EP1331690 B1 EP 1331690B1 EP 02001533 A EP02001533 A EP 02001533A EP 02001533 A EP02001533 A EP 02001533A EP 1331690 B1 EP1331690 B1 EP 1331690B1
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- Prior art keywords
- transmit power
- solid angle
- transmit
- transmission power
- arrangement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a device is disclosed, for example, in the article by H. Briel, "Adaptive Antennas", Funkschau, Vol. 22, 1998.
- the mobile radio antennas described in this article are constructed as antenna arrays in which matrix-like arranged transmitting and receiving elements are connected separately.
- the separate connection during reception, the so-called uplink allows to determine the location of the mobile transmitter, ie it is determined in detail by the evaluation of the phase and amplitude position in the individual receiving elements of the incoming signal, from which direction the transmission signal of the mobile transmitter (eg mobile phone) has been received.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves, which allows particularly well to allow very complex radiographic diagrams while maintaining allowable limits.
- each antenna can be easily dimensioned insofar as certain directions and / or solid angles are assigned to certain antenna parts and predefined values for the maximum permissible transmission power are predefined for these antenna parts and therefore maximum values for the antenna in this direction and / or in this solid angle Transmission power can not be exceeded.
- a particularly low-radiation transmission variant results if an adaptive transmission and reception characteristic can be implemented by means of the driver circuit.
- the emission lobe can be used particularly efficiently for communication with a moving transmitter / receiver.
- mitbe Anlagende Abstrahlkeule according to the predetermined maximum allowable transmission power - as previously provided - reduce when the transmitter / receiver moves into a range in which not with the usual basic transmission power, but only with a here reduced transmission power to be sent.
- this directional or space angle-dependent reduced radiation can be realized if in the driver circuit for the antenna, a directional and / or space angle-dependent limiting function is implemented, with the value for the basic transmission power in the appropriate direction or in can be superimposed on the corresponding solid angle.
- this limiting function can be implemented in the form of a programmable logic map in which maximum values for the permissible transmission power are stored discretized for the direction or for the solid angle.
- the map can be constructed, for example, so that a full radiation angle of 360 ° in 10 ° steps divided contains corresponding values for the maximum permissible transmission power.
- a map constructed according to spherical coordinates can be provided in which the azimuth angle ⁇ and the angle ⁇ can likewise be discretized in 10 ° steps and a corresponding value for the maximum permissible transmission power is stored for each angle pair ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
- the limiting function is also realized as a programmable memory map in which discretized for the direction or for the solid angle attenuation values, ie numbers that are greater than / equal to zero and less than / equal to one are stored, with which the value for the basic transmit power is to be multiplied.
- a further possible alternative consists in an attenuation function, which can be constructed as a continuously differentiable function or as a polynomial and, as a function of the direction and / or as a function of the solid angle, provides corresponding values for the required reduction of the transmission power.
- each transmitting and receiving element is assigned a permissible maximum value for the transmission power or an attenuation value for the reduction of the basic transmission power.
- This array structure with which adaptive antenna systems can be implemented with just one antenna mast, is therefore predestined for this procedure with "protected" transmission zones.
- the permissible maximum value or the attenuation value in order to comply with the transmission power permitted by definition for a protected zone, it is necessary for the permissible maximum value or the attenuation value to also be reduced corresponding to the number of directly adjacent transmitting and receiving elements transmitting to the same subscriber. Otherwise, otherwise, due to the superposition of the waves radiated in phase, they would be in the (desired) Overlap areas of the radiation beams result in excessive values for the transmission power.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of the 0dB line L of a circular radiating mobile antenna A.
- the mobile antenna A transmits at a frequency of 925 to 960 MHz with a maximum system limit for the electric field strength of 4 V / m. This defines the basic transmission power in this way.
- the electric field strength behaves inversely proportional to the simple distance from the mobile antenna A (far field).
- the table above shows how the basic transmission power is reduced in the areas that are particularly vulnerable. This table can be stored in a driver device not shown here for the mobile antenna A in the manner of a map.
- the function of the characteristic diagram is explained for a mobile subscriber who is moving with a vehicle F along a route R and who is mobile-telephoning along this route R.
- the maximum permissible transmission power is equal to the basic transmission power.
- a level well below the basic transmission power will automatically set itself here due to the proximity to the mobile radio antenna.
- the mobile radio antenna A which is configured in the embodiment as an array-like base station, allows the tracking of Abstrahlkeuel along the direction of travel of the mobile subscriber on its route R.
- a clear reduced value for the in This range allows maximum transmission power. This reduces the performance of the mobile radio waves radiated to the mobile radio subscriber in this zone. As a consequence of this reduced transmission power, it may occur despite the transmission with the maximum transmission power permitted in this range that a region located on the mobile antenna A from the object "O1 side" may no longer be supplied with a sufficient radiation density.
- Remedy here can provide the antenna diversity, in which a second in-phase transmitting antenna is provided, which can cover this leeward area from another location sufficient or complementary with his or her emission lobes.
- FIG. 2 shows a unit sphere E with the radius 1 and, for reasons of clarity, only a solid angle RW, in which only about 50% of the basic transmission power is allowed to be transmitted. An emission lobe migrating into this solid angle region therefore experiences the intended reduction in the maximum permissible transmission power.
- a further attenuation factor can be provided whose value correlates with the number of emission elements immediately adjacent to a participant.
- the transmission power in the previously leading transmission element can be reduced in favor of the transmission power in the next leading transmission element, i. the power radiated in the sum of these two transmitting elements is not greater than the maximum transmitting power radiated by a transmitting element.
- this additional reduction of the transmission power in the case of transmission elements radiating in the same direction not only applies to the particularly protected emission areas, but also to all other transmission areas in which the basic transmission power may be radiated.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Abstrahlen und Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves according to the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartige Vorrichtung wird beispielsweise in dem Artikel von H. Briel, "Adaptive Antennen", Funkschau, Heft 22, 1998, offenbart. Die in diesem Artikel beschriebenen Mobilfunkantennen sind als Antennen-Arrays aufgebaut, in denen matrixartig angeordnete Sende-und Empfangselemente separat beschaltet sind. Dabei erlaubt es die separate Beschaltung beim Empfang, dem sogenannten Uplink, den Aufenthaltsort des mobilen Senders festzustellen, d.h. es wird im Einzelnen durch die Auswertung der Phasen- und Amplitudenlage in den einzelnen Empfangselementen des ankommenden Signals ermittelt, aus welcher Richtung das Sendesignal des mobilen Senders (z.B. Mobiltelefon) empfangen worden ist. Entsprechend kann dann beim Aussenden von Signalen an den mobilen Sender, d.h. beim sogenannten Downlink, entweder im Fixed Beam-Verfahren mit einzelnen Sendeelementen des Antennenarrays mit deren vergleichsweise schmalen Strahlungskeulen oder im Steered Beam-Verfahren unter Formung eines neuen Abstrahldiagramms durch die Verwendung mehrerer Sendeelemente mit entsprechend eingestellter Phasen- und Amplitudenbeziehung richtungsbezogen gesendet werden. Auf diese Weise kann ein besonders strahlungsarmer und kostengünstiger Verkehr zwischen der Mobilfunkantenne und dem mobilen Sender/Empfänger, also z.B. einem Handy, einem PDA usw. erzielt werden.Such a device is disclosed, for example, in the article by H. Briel, "Adaptive Antennas", Funkschau, Vol. 22, 1998. The mobile radio antennas described in this article are constructed as antenna arrays in which matrix-like arranged transmitting and receiving elements are connected separately. In this case, the separate connection during reception, the so-called uplink, allows to determine the location of the mobile transmitter, ie it is determined in detail by the evaluation of the phase and amplitude position in the individual receiving elements of the incoming signal, from which direction the transmission signal of the mobile transmitter (eg mobile phone) has been received. Accordingly, when transmitting signals to the mobile transmitter, ie the so-called downlink, either in the fixed beam method with individual transmission elements of the antenna array with their comparatively narrow beams or Steered Beam method to form a new radiation pattern by using multiple transmission elements be sent directionally related according set phase and amplitude relationship. In this way, a particularly low-radiation and cost-effective traffic between the mobile radio antenna and the mobile transmitter / receiver, so for example a mobile phone, a PDA, etc. are achieved.
Wietere Antennenvorrichtungen sind aus WO 95/25409 und US 5 920 813 bekannt.Other antenna devices are known from WO 95/25409 and US 5,920,813.
Weiterhin ungelöst ist es mit dieser Art des Betriebs von Mobilfunkantennen, dass gerade im Wege der adaptiven Vorgehensweise bestimmte Abstrahlcharakteristika, die sich aufgrund von örtlichen und gesetzlichen Beschränkungen ergeben können, nur durch ein aufwendiges Antennen-Diversity einstellen lassen. Trotzdem kann es dabei unumgänglich sein, dass z.B. in bestimmten Richtungen oder bestimmten Raumwinkeln sehr nahe an die zulässigen Grenzwerte für die nicht-ionisierende Strahlung herangegangen wird, obwohl der Betreiber der Mobilfunkantenne gewillt ist, diese Grenzwerte auch aus Gründen der öffentlichen Akzeptanz deutlich zu unterschreiten.Furthermore, it is unsolved with this type of operation of mobile radio antennas that just by means of the adaptive approach certain radiation characteristics, which may arise due to local and legal restrictions, can be adjusted only by a complex antenna diversity. Nevertheless, it may be unavoidable that e.g. is approached in certain directions or certain solid angles very close to the permissible limits for the non-ionizing radiation, although the operator of the mobile antenna is willing to fall well below these limits for reasons of public acceptance.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Empfangen und Senden von elektromagnetischen Wellen anzugeben, die es besonders gut erlaubt, sehr komplexe Abstrahldiagramme bei gleichzeitiger Einhaltung von zulässigen Grenzwerten zu ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves, which allows particularly well to allow very complex radiographic diagrams while maintaining allowable limits.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1.
Auf diese Weise ist es erzielt, dass die abgestrahlte Sendeleistung für bestimmte Richtungen und/oder bestimmte Raumwinkel nach unten von der normalen in die übrigen Richtungen und/oder Raumwinkel abgestrahlten Grundsendeleistung abweicht. Jede Antenne ist dabei insofern leicht dimensionierbar, weil bestimmten Antennenteilen bestimmte Richtungen und/oder Raumwinkel zugewiesen werden und dabei für diese Antennenteile vorgegebene Werte für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung vordefiniert gegeben sind und daher in dieser Richtung und/oder in diesem Raumwinkel maximal vorgegebene Werte für die Sendeleistung nicht überschritten werden können.In this way it is achieved that the radiated transmit power for certain directions and / or certain solid angle down from the normal to the rest Direction and / or solid angle radiated fundamental transmission power deviates. Each antenna can be easily dimensioned insofar as certain directions and / or solid angles are assigned to certain antenna parts and predefined values for the maximum permissible transmission power are predefined for these antenna parts and therefore maximum values for the antenna in this direction and / or in this solid angle Transmission power can not be exceeded.
Eine besonders strahlungsarme Sendevariante ergibt sich, wenn mittels der Treiberschaltung eine adaptive Sende- und Empfangscharakteristik umsetzbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Abstrahlkeule besonders effizient zur Kommunikation mit einem bewegten Sender/Empfänger genutzt werden. Zugleich kann sich die bei einem bewegten Sender/Empfänger mitbewegende Abstrahlkeule entsprechend der vorbestimmten maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung - wie vorher vorgesehen - verringern, wenn sich der Sender/Empfänger in einen Bereich hineinbewegt, in dem nicht mit der sonst üblichen Grundsendeleistung, sondern nur mit einer hiergegenüber verringerten Sendeleistung gesendet werden soll.A particularly low-radiation transmission variant results if an adaptive transmission and reception characteristic can be implemented by means of the driver circuit. In this way, the emission lobe can be used particularly efficiently for communication with a moving transmitter / receiver. At the same time, in a moving transmitter / receiver mitbewegende Abstrahlkeule according to the predetermined maximum allowable transmission power - as previously provided - reduce when the transmitter / receiver moves into a range in which not with the usual basic transmission power, but only with a here reduced transmission power to be sent.
In konstruktiv und schaltungstechnisch recht einfacher Weise lässt sich diese richtungs- bzw. raumwinkelabhängige Minderabstrahlung realisieren, wenn in der Treiberschaltung für die Antenne eine richtungs- und/oder raumwinkelabhängige Begrenzungsfunktion implementiert ist, mit der der Wert für die Grundsendeleistung in der entsprechenden Richtung bzw. in dem entsprechenden Raumwinkel überlagerbar ist.In structurally and circuitally quite simple manner, this directional or space angle-dependent reduced radiation can be realized if in the driver circuit for the antenna, a directional and / or space angle-dependent limiting function is implemented, with the value for the basic transmission power in the appropriate direction or in can be superimposed on the corresponding solid angle.
In einfach umzusetzender Weise kann diese Begrenzungsfunktion in Form eines speicherprogrammierbaren Kennfeldes realisiert sein, in dem diskretisiert für die Richtung bzw. für den Raumwinkel Maximalwerte für die zulässige Sendeleistung abgelegt sein. Dabei kann das Kennfeld z.B. so aufgebaut sein, dass ein vollumfänglicher Abstrahlwinkel von 360° in 10°-Schritten unterteilt entsprechende Werte für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung enthält. Alternativ kann ein nach Kugelkoordinaten aufgebautes Kennfeld vorgesehen sein, bei dem der Azimut-Winkel ϑ und der Winkel ϕ ebenfalls in 10°-Schritten diskretiert sein können und für jedes Winkelpaar (ϑ, ϕ) ein entsprechender Wert für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung abgelegt ist. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, dass die Begrenzungsfunktion ebenfalls als ein speicherprogrammierbares Kennfeld realisiert ist, in dem diskretisiert für die Richtung bzw. für den Raumwinkel Abschwächungswerte, d.h. Zahlen, die grösser/gleich Null und kleiner/gleich Eins sind, abgelegt sind, mit denen der Wert für die Grundsendeleistung zu multiplizieren ist. Eine weitere mögliche Alternative besteht in einer Abschwächungsfunktion, die als stetig differenzierbare Funktion oder als Polynom aufgebaut sein kann und als Funktion der Richtung und/oder als Funktion des Raumwinkels entsprechende Werte für die bedarfsweise vorgesehene Verringerung der Sendeleistung liefert.In an easily implementable manner, this limiting function can be implemented in the form of a programmable logic map in which maximum values for the permissible transmission power are stored discretized for the direction or for the solid angle. In this case, the map can be constructed, for example, so that a full radiation angle of 360 ° in 10 ° steps divided contains corresponding values for the maximum permissible transmission power. Alternatively, a map constructed according to spherical coordinates can be provided in which the azimuth angle θ and the angle φ can likewise be discretized in 10 ° steps and a corresponding value for the maximum permissible transmission power is stored for each angle pair (θ, φ). Alternatively, it is also possible that the limiting function is also realized as a programmable memory map in which discretized for the direction or for the solid angle attenuation values, ie numbers that are greater than / equal to zero and less than / equal to one are stored, with which the value for the basic transmit power is to be multiplied. A further possible alternative consists in an attenuation function, which can be constructed as a continuously differentiable function or as a polynomial and, as a function of the direction and / or as a function of the solid angle, provides corresponding values for the required reduction of the transmission power.
Diesbezüglich ist es auch weiter möglich einen Array-Aufbau von einzelnen Sende- und Empfangselementen vorzusehen, wobei jedem Sende- und Empfangselement ein zulässiger Maximalwert für die Sendeleistung bzw. ein Abschwächungswert für die Verringerung der Grundsendeleistung zugewiesen ist. Dieser Array-Aufbau, mit dem sich adaptive Antennensysteme schon mit einem einzigen Antennenmast realisieren lassen, ist daher prädestiniert für diese Vorgehensweise mit "geschützten" Sendezonen. Dabei ist es zur Einhaltung der maximal definitionsgemäss für eine geschützte Zone zulässigen Sendeleistung erforderlich, dass der zulässiger Maximalwert bzw. der Abschwächungswert zudem entsprechend der Anzahl unmittelbar benachbarter zu demselben Teilnehmer sendender Sende- und Empfangselemente verringert ist. Anderenfalls würden sich sonst aufgrund der Superposition der phasengleich abgestrahlten Wellen in den (gewünschten) Überlappungsbereichen der Abstrahlkeulen überhöhte werte für die Sendeleistung ergeben.In this regard, it is also possible to provide an array structure of individual transmitting and receiving elements, wherein each transmitting and receiving element is assigned a permissible maximum value for the transmission power or an attenuation value for the reduction of the basic transmission power. This array structure, with which adaptive antenna systems can be implemented with just one antenna mast, is therefore predestined for this procedure with "protected" transmission zones. In this case, in order to comply with the transmission power permitted by definition for a protected zone, it is necessary for the permissible maximum value or the attenuation value to also be reduced corresponding to the number of directly adjacent transmitting and receiving elements transmitting to the same subscriber. Otherwise, otherwise, due to the superposition of the waves radiated in phase, they would be in the (desired) Overlap areas of the radiation beams result in excessive values for the transmission power.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the remaining subclaims.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Figur 1
- in schematischer Darstellung eine Aufsicht auf die 0dB-Linie einer Mobilfunkantenne mit einer Anzahl von geschützten Bereichen; und
Figur 2- eine Darstellung einer dreidimensionalen Funktion für die Abschwächung der Mobilfunksendeleistung bei einer als Array aufgebauten Mobilfunkantenne.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic view of the 0dB line of a mobile radio antenna with a number of protected areas; and
- FIG. 2
- a representation of a three-dimensional function for the attenuation of the mobile radio transmission power in a constructed as an array mobile radio antenna.
Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Aufsicht auf die 0dB-Linie L einer kreisrund abstrahlenden Mobilfunkantenne A. Die Mobilfunkantenne A sendet dabei auf einer Frequenz von 925 bis 960 MHz mit einem maximalen Anlagengrenzwert für die elektrischen Feldstärke von 4 V/m. Damit wird auf diese Weise die Grundsendeleistung definiert.1 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of the 0dB line L of a circular radiating mobile antenna A. The mobile antenna A transmits at a frequency of 925 to 960 MHz with a maximum system limit for the electric field strength of 4 V / m. This defines the basic transmission power in this way.
Bedingt durch eine Reihe von Objekten 01 bis 06 existeren jedoch auch eine ganze Reihe von Bereichen, in denen mit dieser Grundsendeleistung nicht abgestrahlt werden darf. In den Bereichen mit den Objekten O1 und 02, vorliegend Häuser, in denen sich Personen regelmässig während längerer Zeit aufhalten, sind die Sendeleistung erheblich zu verringern, um einen bestmöglichen Schutz der Personen gewährleisten können. Aus diesem Grund wird in diesen Richtungen auslegungsbedingt mit einer elektrischen Feldstärke gesendet, die am Ort dieser Objekte 01, 02 maximal 0,4 V/m erreicht. In einem weiteren Bereich mit den Objekten 03 bis 06 wird mit einer demgegenüber etwas höheren elektrischen Feldstärke von 0,6 V/m abgestrahlt, weil hier die besonders schützenswerte Bereiche etwas weiter von der Mobilfunkantenne A entfernt sind als die Objekte O1 und 02. Die elektrische Feldstärke verhält sich dabei umgekehrt proportional zum einfachen Abstand von der Mobilfunkantenne A (Fernfeld).
Die voranstehende Tabelle zeigt, in welcher Weise die Grundsendeleistung in den besonders schützenswerten Bereichen abgeschwächt wird. Diese Tabelle kann dabei in einer hier nicht weiter dargestellten Treibereinrichtung für die Mobilfunkantenne A nach Art eines Kennfeldes abgelegt sein.The table above shows how the basic transmission power is reduced in the areas that are particularly vulnerable. This table can be stored in a driver device not shown here for the mobile antenna A in the manner of a map.
Die Funktion des Kennfeldes sei beispielshaft für einen sich mit einem Fahrzeug F entlang einer Route R bewegenden Mobilfunkteilnehmer erläutert, der entlang dieser Route R mobiltelefoniert. In dem Ausgangsbereich ist die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung gleich der Grundsendeleistung. Entsprechend der Güte der Funkverbindung und der gemessenen Pegel bei Up- und Downlink stellt sich hier aufgrund der Nähe zur Mobilfunkantenne sicher ein deutlich unterhalb der Grundsendeleistung liegender Pegel selbsttätig ein.By way of example, the function of the characteristic diagram is explained for a mobile subscriber who is moving with a vehicle F along a route R and who is mobile-telephoning along this route R. In the output range, the maximum permissible transmission power is equal to the basic transmission power. Depending on the quality of the radio connection and the measured levels at uplink and downlink, a level well below the basic transmission power will automatically set itself here due to the proximity to the mobile radio antenna.
Die Mobilfunkantenne A, die im Ausführungsbeispiel als eine arrayartig aufgebaute Basisstation ausgestaltet ist, erlaubt die Nachführung der Abstrahlkeuel entlang der Fortbewegungsrichtung des Mobilfunkteilnehmers auf seiner Route R. Beim Eintritt in die geschützte Zone um Objekt O1 gilt nun jedoch aufgrund des im Kennfeld abgelegten Schwächungsfaktors ein deutlich verringerter Wert für die in diesem Bereich zulässige maximale Sendeleistung. Damit verringert sich die Leistung der in dieser Zone zu dem Mobilfunkteilnehmer abgestrahlten Mobilfunkwellen. Als Konsequenz dieser verringerten Sendeleistung kann es trotz des Sendens mit der in diesem Bereich zulässigen maximalen Sendeleistung vorkommen, dass ein auf die Mobilfunkantenne A bezogener vom Objekt O1 "leeseitig" gelegener Bereich möglicherweise nicht mehr mit einer ausreichenden Strahlungsdichte versorgt ist. Abhilfe kann hier das Antennendiversity schaffen, bei dem eine zweite phasengleich sendende Antenne vorgesehen ist, die mit ihrer oder ihren Abstrahlkeulen diesen leeseitigen Bereich von einem anderen Standort aus ausreichend oder ergänzend abdecken kann.The mobile radio antenna A, which is configured in the embodiment as an array-like base station, allows the tracking of Abstrahlkeuel along the direction of travel of the mobile subscriber on its route R. When entering the protected zone around object O1 now, however, due to the attenuation factor stored in the map a clear reduced value for the in This range allows maximum transmission power. This reduces the performance of the mobile radio waves radiated to the mobile radio subscriber in this zone. As a consequence of this reduced transmission power, it may occur despite the transmission with the maximum transmission power permitted in this range that a region located on the mobile antenna A from the object "O1 side" may no longer be supplied with a sufficient radiation density. Remedy here can provide the antenna diversity, in which a second in-phase transmitting antenna is provided, which can cover this leeward area from another location sufficient or complementary with his or her emission lobes.
Mit dem Herausbewegen des Mobilfunkteilnehmer entlang seiner Route R aus diesem geschützen Bereich steigt nun entsprechend mit der maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung auch die Reichweite in diesem Bereich wieder auf den Wert der Transmission mit Grundsendeleistung. Hiervon wird der Mobilfunkteilnehmer im vorliegenden Fall voraussichtlich nichts merken, weil die ihn betreffende Funkverbindung aufgrund seiner geringen Entfernung von der Mobilfunkantenne A mit einer erheblich niedrigeren Sendeleistung auskommt. Ungeachtetdessen wird jedoch bei dem auf dem TDMA-Verfahren beruhenden Mobilfunk mindestens einer der acht Zeitschlitze (Slots) zur Übertragung des Kontrollkanals genutzt, so dass eine im Ruhezustand befindliche Basisstation selbst ohne das Vorhandensein von Kommunikation mit Teilnehmern permanent und auf maximaler Leistung auf allen acht Kanälen pro Zelle den Kontrollkanal sendet. Diese Eigenschaft ist auch den gegenüber dem GSM-Standard fortgeschrittenen Datendiensten, wie HSCSD, GPRS und EDGE, gemeinsam.With the moving out of the mobile subscriber along its route R from this protected area now increases accordingly with the maximum allowable transmission power and the range in this area back to the value of the transmission with basic transmission power. Of this, the mobile subscriber is expected to notice nothing in the present case, because the wireless connection concerned him manages due to its short distance from the mobile antenna A with a significantly lower transmission power. Regardless, however, in the mobile radio based on the TDMA method, at least one of the eight slots is used for transmission of the control channel, so that a dormant base station will be permanent and at maximum power on all eight channels even without the presence of communication with subscribers sends the control channel per cell. This feature is also common to the GSM standard advanced data services, such as HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE.
Mit Bezug auf die Figur 2 findet sich dort ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer array-artig aufgebauten Mobilfunkantenne A. Auch im vorliegenden Fall ist die Begrenzung der maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung vorgesehen.With reference to Figure 2, there is another embodiment with an array-like constructed mobile antenna A. Also in the present case, the limitation of the maximum allowable transmission power is provided.
Es wird jedoch ein dreidimensionales Kennfeld für die Abschwächungsfaktoren vorgegeben, das entsprechend nach Kugelkoordinaten aufgebaut ist. Es ergeben sich so im vorliegenden Kontext als Raumwinkel bezeichnete Raumsegmente, die ggfs. mit einer gegenüber der Grundsendeleistung verringerten maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung beaufschlagt werden dürfen. Die Figur 2 zeigt daher eine Einheitskugel E mit dem Radius 1 und aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit hier nur einen Raumwinkel RW, in dem nur mit etwa 50% der Grundsendeleistung gesendet werden darf. Eine in diesen Raumwinkelbereich hereinwandernde Abstrahlkeule erfährt daher so die beabsichtigte Verringerung der maximal zulässigen Sendeleistung.However, a three-dimensional map for the attenuation factors is given, which is constructed according to spherical coordinates. This results in the present context as spatial spacings designated space segments, which may possibly be acted upon with a reduced compared to the basic transmission power maximum allowable transmission power. Therefore, FIG. 2 shows a unit sphere E with the radius 1 and, for reasons of clarity, only a solid angle RW, in which only about 50% of the basic transmission power is allowed to be transmitted. An emission lobe migrating into this solid angle region therefore experiences the intended reduction in the maximum permissible transmission power.
Wegen der engen räumlichen Überlappung von Abstrahlkeulen, die von benachbart angeordneten Sendeelementen des Antennenarrays abgestrahlt werden, kann zudem neben den vorstehend beschriebenen Abschwächungswerten ein weiterer Abschwächungsfaktor vorgesehen sein, dessen Wert mit der Anzahl unmittelbar benachbart zu einem Teilnehmer sendender Sendeelemente korreliert. So kann beispielsweise mit dem Übertreten der Abstrahlkeule von einem Sendeelement zum nächsten unmittelbar benachbarten Sendeelement die Sendeleistung in dem bisher führenden Sendeelement zugunsten der Sendeleistung in dem demnächst führenden Sendeelement verringert werden, d.h. die in Summe dieser beiden Sendeelemente abgestrahlte Leistung ist nicht grösser als die von einem Sendeelement zulässigerweise abgestrahlte maximale Sendeleistung. Diese zusätzliche Verringerung der Sendeleistung bei derart benachbart abstrahlenden Sendeelementen gilt dabei selbstverständlich nicht nur für die besonders geschützten Abstrahlbereiche, sondern auch für alle übrigen Sendebereiche, in denen mit der Grundsendeleistung abgestrahlt werden darf.In addition to the attenuation values described above, because of the close spatial overlap of emission lobes emitted by adjacent emission elements of the antenna array, a further attenuation factor can be provided whose value correlates with the number of emission elements immediately adjacent to a participant. Thus, for example, with the crossing of the emission lobe from one transmission element to the next directly adjacent transmission element, the transmission power in the previously leading transmission element can be reduced in favor of the transmission power in the next leading transmission element, i. the power radiated in the sum of these two transmitting elements is not greater than the maximum transmitting power radiated by a transmitting element. Of course, this additional reduction of the transmission power in the case of transmission elements radiating in the same direction not only applies to the particularly protected emission areas, but also to all other transmission areas in which the basic transmission power may be radiated.
Es ist daher durch einfache mathematische Mittel in der Treiberlogik möglich, durch die separate Ansteuerung der einzelnen Sendeelemente die gewünschte Abstrahlkeule synthetisch zusammenzusetzen und dabei die entsprechenden Werte für die maximal zulässige Sendeleistung, die im Kennfeld oder als analytische Funktion der Richtung oder des Raumwinkels abgelegt sind, zu unterschreiten.It is therefore possible by simple mathematical means in the driver logic, by the separate control of individual transmitting elements synthesize the desired emission lobe and thereby fall below the corresponding values for the maximum permissible transmission power, which are stored in the map or as an analytical function of the direction or the solid angle.
Auf diese Weise gelingt es ganz allgemein, im besonderen natürlich bei adaptiv arbeitenden Basisstationen, die einzelnen Antennenelemente so anzusteuern, dass vorherig definierte besonders zu schützende Bereiche auch tatsächlich nur mit der zulässigen Sendeleistung bedient werden.In this way, it is quite generally possible, in particular, of course, in the case of adaptively operating base stations, to control the individual antenna elements in such a way that previously defined areas which are to be particularly protected are indeed only operated with the permissible transmission power.
- AA
- Mobilfunkantennecellular antenna
- Ee
- Einheitskugelunit sphere
- FF
- Fahrzeugvehicle
- LL
- 0dB-Linie0dB line
- O1 bis O6O1 to O6
- Objekteobjects
- RWRW
- Raumwinkelsolid angle
- x, y, zx, y, z
- karthesische KoordinatenCartesian coordinates
- rr
- Radius der EinheitskugelRadius of the unit sphere
- RR
- Routeroute
Claims (5)
- Arrangement (A) for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves with a number of transmit elements and with a layout-dependent spatially diversifiable emission characteristic of a basic transmit power, with
an antenna structure and a driver logic circuit for the transmit elements being provided with an adaptive transmit and receive characteristic such that an individually specifiable directionally and/or solid angle-dependent restriction of the basic transmit power to the maximum permitted transmit power in the corresponding direction or in the corresponding solid angle (RW) is provided,
characterized in that
a direction and/or solid angle-dependent restriction function is provided with which the value for the basic transmit power in the corresponding direction or in the corresponding solid angle can be overlaid. - Arrangement (A) in accordance with claim 1,
characterized in that
the restriction function is implemented as a stored-program control identification field, in which maximum values for the permissible transmit power are stored as discrete values for the direction or for the solid angle (RW). - Arrangement (A) in accordance with claim 1,
characterized in that
the restriction function is implemented as a stored-program control identification field, in which attenuation figures, i.e. real numbers which are greater than/equal to zero and less than/equal to one, are stored as discrete values for the direction or for the solid angle (RW), with which the value for the basic transmit power is to be multiplied. - Arrangement (A) in accordance with claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that
an array structure of individual transmit and receive elements is provided, with each transmit and receive element being assigned a permitted maximum value for the transmit power or an attenuation value for the reduction of the basic transmit power. - Arrangement (A) in accordance with 3,
characterized in that
the permitted maximum value or the attenuation value is additionally reduced in accordance with the number of directly adjacent transmitting transmit and receive elements.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50206457T DE50206457D1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Mobile radio antenna system with adjustable directional behavior |
| AT02001533T ATE323953T1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | MOBILE RADIO ANTENNA SYSTEM WITH ADJUSTABLE DIRECTIONAL BEHAVIOR |
| EP02001533A EP1331690B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam |
| US10/345,488 US20030171131A1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2003-01-17 | Mobile radiotelephone antenna array with adjustable directional characteristic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02001533A EP1331690B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1331690A1 EP1331690A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
| EP1331690B1 true EP1331690B1 (en) | 2006-04-19 |
Family
ID=8185329
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02001533A Expired - Lifetime EP1331690B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Base station antenna arrangement with adjustable beam |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030171131A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1331690B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE323953T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50206457D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI256207B (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2006-06-01 | Interdigital Tech Corp | Method and apparatus for utilizing a directional beam antenna in a wireless transmit/receive unit |
| EP1900238B1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2017-11-15 | Telecom Italia S.p.A. | Method and system for selecting radiation diagrams of antennas for mobile-radio communication networks |
| WO2017198293A1 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | First communication device and methods performed thereby for managing beamforming by a second communication device for transmission of a signal |
| EP3518587B1 (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2022-04-06 | Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy | Regulating transmission powers from nodes |
| EP3864772A4 (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2022-06-15 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | Method and apparatus for power control |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2281176B (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1998-04-08 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Base station antenna arrangement |
| ATE192276T1 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 2000-05-15 | Endlink Inc | SECTORIZED MULTIPURPOSE CELLULAR RADIO TRANSMISSION SYSTEM |
| GB9417318D0 (en) * | 1994-08-27 | 1994-10-19 | Philips Electronics Uk Ltd | Microwave cellular communications system and adaptable microwave transmitter |
| US6246674B1 (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 2001-06-12 | Metawave Communications Corporation | Antenna deployment sector cell shaping system and method |
| US6900775B2 (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2005-05-31 | Celletra Ltd. | Active antenna array configuration and control for cellular communication systems |
| US6064659A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-05-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for allocating transmit power to subscriber units in a wireless communications system |
| US6148217A (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-11-14 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | Method for adjusting the gain of an antenna system |
| US6490460B1 (en) * | 1998-12-01 | 2002-12-03 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Forward and reverse link power control using position and mobility information |
| US6539010B1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2003-03-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Downlink power control and adaptive beamforming for half-rate radiocommunication systems |
-
2002
- 2002-01-23 DE DE50206457T patent/DE50206457D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-23 EP EP02001533A patent/EP1331690B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-01-23 AT AT02001533T patent/ATE323953T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-01-17 US US10/345,488 patent/US20030171131A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1331690A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
| DE50206457D1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| US20030171131A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
| ATE323953T1 (en) | 2006-05-15 |
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