EP1326222B1 - Method for self consistent estimation of predictive travel times for use with mobile or stationary detectors for measuring run travel times - Google Patents

Method for self consistent estimation of predictive travel times for use with mobile or stationary detectors for measuring run travel times Download PDF

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EP1326222B1
EP1326222B1 EP02090192A EP02090192A EP1326222B1 EP 1326222 B1 EP1326222 B1 EP 1326222B1 EP 02090192 A EP02090192 A EP 02090192A EP 02090192 A EP02090192 A EP 02090192A EP 1326222 B1 EP1326222 B1 EP 1326222B1
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function
time
ett
travel time
travel times
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EP1326222A1 (en
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Ulrich Dr. Fastenrath
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Deutsche Telekom AG
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DDG Gesellschaft fuer Verkehrsdaten mbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/0104Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions

Definitions

  • the thus determined predictive travel time PTT (t) can now be included in traffic telematic services instead of the measured value ETT (t).

Abstract

The method involves using mobile or stationary detectors for measuring experienced travel times, defining a function describing the experienced travel times as a function of time of day, determining a time point whereby the function of the time point equals the measured travel time at a given time and at least approximately self consistently determining the predictive travel time at the given time by numerically solving an equation.

Description

Eine Grösse von herausragender Bedeutung zur Unterstützung verkehrstelematischer Dienste, insbesondere dynamischer Navigationsdienste, ist die Reisezeit auf den gerichteten Kanten eines Strassennetzes. Erste Versuche, diese Grösse zu messen, basierten auf Messungen der Geschwindigkeit von Fahrzeugen durch stationäre Sensorik und verschiedensten Verfahren zur Schätzung der Reisezeit auf einer definierten Strecke aus den Messungen der Geschwindigkeit an bestimmten Punkten. Aufgrund der damit verbundenen Schwierigkeiten und Qualitätsprobleme wurden diverse Anstrengungen unternommen, Reisezeiten ohne Umwege über Schätzverfahren direkt zu messen. Mindestens die folgenden Verfahren sind dabei zur Anwendung oder testweisen Anwendung gekommen:

  1. 1. Floating Car Data:
    • Die Reisezeit auf einem durch zwei Wegepunkte definierten Streckenstück lässt sich etwa messen durch Übertragung der Zeitpunkte, zu denen ein Floating Car jene Wegepunkte erreicht.
  2. 2. Fahrzeugidentifikation, z. B. durch Kameras:
    • Die Reisezeit auf einem durch zwei Messpunkte definierten Streckenstück kann gemessen werden, wenn die verwendete Sensorik in der Lage ist, Fahrzeuge nach Durchfahren des Streckenstücks wiederzuerkennen. Dies kann etwa durch Bildverarbeitungsmethoden (z. B. Wiedererkennen von Nummernschilden) oder durch Korrelation von Fahrzeuggruppen realisiert werden.
  3. 3. Zellortung von Mobiltelefonen:
    • Durch statistische Analyse der Bewegung einer grossen Anzahl von mobilen Telefonen durch die Zellen eines Funknetzes und Betimmung der zugehörigen Geschwindigkeiten kann der Anteil der Geräte isoliert werden, der wahrscheinlich in Fahrzeugen transportiert wird, und können die entsprechenden Reisezeiten den Kanten eines Verkehrsnetzes zugeordnet werden.
  4. 4. Luftbeobachtungen:
    • Durch zyklische Auswertung von Satelliten- oder Luftbildern in einem Spektralbereich, der die Erkennung und Wiedererkennung im Folgezyklus von Einzelfahrzeugen oder zumindest Fahrzeuggruppen erlaubt, lassen sich Reisezeiten auf Streckenabschnitten messen, die durch die Reisegeschwindigkeit und den Erfassungszyklus definiert sind.
One of the utmost importance for supporting traffic telematic services, especially dynamic navigation services, is travel time on the directional edges of a road network. Initial attempts to measure this size were based on measurements of vehicle speed by stationary sensors and various methods of estimating travel time on a defined route from measurements of speed at particular points. Due to the associated difficulties and quality problems, various efforts have been made to directly measure travel times without detours via estimation methods. At least the following procedures have been used or tested:
  1. 1. Floating Car Data:
    • The travel time on a route piece defined by two waypoints can be measured by transferring the times at which a floating car reaches those waypoints.
  2. 2. Vehicle identification, z. By cameras:
    • The journey time on a section defined by two measuring points can be measured if the sensor system used is capable of recognizing vehicles after passing through the section. This can be achieved, for example, by means of image processing methods (eg recognition of number plates) or by correlation of vehicle groups.
  3. 3. Cell Location of Mobile Phones:
    • By statistically analyzing the movement of a large number of mobile telephones through the cells of a radio network and adjusting their associated speeds, the proportion of equipment that is likely to be transported in vehicles can be isolated, and the corresponding travel times can be assigned to the edges of a traffic network.
  4. 4. Air observations:
    • By cyclical evaluation of satellite or aerial images in a spectral range, which allows the recognition and recognition in the subsequent cycle of individual vehicles or at least vehicle groups, travel times can be measured on sections of the route, which are defined by the cruising speed and the acquisition cycle.

Alle diese Techniken haben als Messergebnis die "erfahrene Reisezeit", also diejenige Reisezeit, die eines oder mehrere Fahrzeuge tatsächlich benötigt haben, um einen bestimmten Streckenabschnitt zu durchfahren. Von Interesse für einen verkehrstelematischen Dienst ist jedoch die "prädiktive Reisezeit", also diejenige Reisezeit, die Fahrzeuge, welche sich gerade am Beginn eines Streckenabschnittes befinden, voraussichtlich benötigen werden, um diesen Abschnitt zu durchfahren.All these techniques have as measurement result the "experienced travel time", ie the travel time that actually required one or more vehicles to drive through a certain stretch of road. Of interest for a telematic service, however, is the "predictive travel time", ie the travel time, the vehicles, which are currently at the beginning of a section of the route, are expected to need to pass through this section.

Das Problem besteht nun darin, dass die erfahrene Reisezeit sich gerade in den interessantesten Situationen, nämlich genau dann, wenn sich Verkehrsstörungen auf- oder abbauen, von der prädiktiven Reisezeit stark (um einen Faktor 2 oder mehr, abhängig von der Verkehrssituation und der Länge des betrachteten Streckenabschnitts) unterscheiden kann. Damit sind alle oben genannten Verfahren zur Messung der Reisezeit nutzlos, wenn nicht eine den Unterschied zwischen erfahrener und prädiktiver Reisezeit berücksichtigende Korrektur durchgeführt wird.The problem now is that the experienced travel time, especially in the most interesting situations, namely precisely when traffic congestion builds up or degrades, of the predictive travel time strongly (by a factor of 2 or more, depending on the traffic situation and the length of the considered route section) can differ. Thus, all above-mentioned methods for measuring travel time are useless unless a correction is made taking into account the difference between experienced and predictive travel time.

Der Erfindung lag deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur selbstkonsistenten Schätzung von prädiktiven Reisezeiten zu finden, bei dem diese Korrektur Berücksichtigung findet.
Das Verfahren besteht aus den folgenden Schritten:

  1. 1. Selektion oder Konstruktion einer Funktion TT(s), welche die erfahrene Reisezeit als Funktion der Tageszeit beschreibt.
    Selektion: Sofern eine historische Datenbasis vorhanden ist, kann daraus eine Funktion TT(s) unter Verwendung von Merkmalen wie dem Wochentag, dem bekannten Verlauf der erfahrenen Reisezeit seit Tagesbeginn, dem Verkehrsfluss an Messorten auf dem oder in der Nähe des betrachteten Streckenabschnitts selektiert werden. Zum Aufbau der Datenbasis und zur Selektion kann dabei z. B. ein in der DE 197 53 034 A1 beschriebenes Verfahren verwendet werden.
    Konstruktion: Ersatzweise, d. h. bei Abwesenheit einer historischen Datenbasis, kann eine Funktion TT(s) konstruiert werden. Im einfachsten Fall ist diese Funktion abschnittsweise konstant oder linear (Fig. 1), wobei das untere (obere) Niveau der Reisezeit TT'< (TT> ) mit der freien Geschwindigkeit (der Restgeschwindigkeit im Stau) vf (vs ) und der Länge des betrachteten Streckenabschnitts L zusammenhängt über T T < = L v f T T < = L v s .
    Figure imgb0001
    ( ). Die dimensionslose Steilheit der Flanken ergibt sich durch σ = ± 1 L T T > - T T < V s .
    Figure imgb0002
    , wobei Vs die Geschwindigkeit einer Staufront ist, aus der sich ableiten lässt, wie schnell ausgehend vom unteren Reisezeitniveau auf einem Link TT < das obere Niveau TT> erreicht wird oder umgekehrt.
    Gemischte Verfahren: In vielen Fällen, in denen eine selektierte Funktion TT(s) von aktuellen Messwerten abweicht oder Gründe bekannt sind, die zu Abweichungen führen werden, kann eine selektierte Funktion verändert werden. Auch dazu sind geeignete Verfahren bekannt (z.B. aus der DE 199 35 769 A1 ).
  2. 2. Nachdem ein Messwert ETT(t) für die erfahrene Reisezeit zur Zeit t, ermittelt z. B. durch eines der oben beschriebenen Verfahren, und eine Funktion TT(s) vorliegen, ist nun ein Zeitpunkt so zu finden derart, dass TT(so) = ETT(t) ist.
    Selbst für ausreichend geglättete Funktionen TT(s) wird es i. A. mehrere Lösungen für so geben. Typischerweise wird es zwei Lösungen geben, eine für die ansteigende und eine für die abfallende Flanke der Reisezeit (Fig. 2). Falls die linksseitige Ableitung der vorzugsweise geglätteten Funktion ETT, ermittelt aus den vorangegangenen Werten mit ETT(t) als letztem, positiv ist, so ist die Lösung auf der ansteigenden Flanke der Funktion TT(s) zu wählen, ansonsten die Lösung auf der abfallenden Flanke.
  3. 3. Im dritten Schritt schließlich ist die prädiktive Reisezeit zur Zeit t, PTT(t), zumindest näherungsweise selbstkonsistent zu ermitteln (Fig. 3). Dabei erfüllt die exakte selbstkonsistente Lösung die Gleichung PTT(t) = TT(so + PTT(t)), die allerdings ein numerisches Lösungsverfahren erfordert. Eine einfache Näherung, die in der Praxis bereits eine deutliche Verbesserung gegenüber den vorbekannten Verfahren darstellt, ist aber bereits gegeben durch die Gleichung PTT(t) = TT(so + TT(so)), welche eine direkte Berechnung erlaubt. Weitere Näherungsverfahren für Lösungen von Fixpunktgleichungen sind aus der Mathematik bekannt.
The invention therefore had the object of finding a method for the self-consistent estimation of predictive travel times, in which this correction is taken into account.
The procedure consists of the following steps:
  1. 1. Selection or construction of a function TT (s), which describes the experienced travel time as a function of the time of day.
    Selection: If a historical database is available, a function TT (s) can be selected using features such as the day of the week, the known history of the experienced travel time since the beginning of the day, the traffic flow at locations on or in the vicinity of the section considered. To build the database and selection can be z. B. in the DE 197 53 034 A1 described method can be used.
    Construction: Alternatively, ie in the absence of a historical database, a function TT (s) can be constructed. In the simplest case, this function is in sections constant or linear ( Fig. 1 ), wherein the lower (upper) level of the travel time TT '< ( TT > ) is related to the free speed (the remaining speed in congestion) v f ( v s ) and the length of the track L under consideration T T < = L v f T T < = L v s ,
    Figure imgb0001
    (). The dimensionless steepness of the flanks is given by σ = ± 1 L T T > - T T < V s ,
    Figure imgb0002
    , where V s is the speed of a traffic jam front, from which it can be deduced, how fast starting from the lower travel time level on a link TT < the upper level TT > is reached or vice versa.
    Mixed methods: In many cases where a selected function TT (s) deviates from current measured values or reasons are known that will lead to deviations, a selected function can be changed. Also suitable methods are known (eg from the DE 199 35 769 A1 ).
  2. 2. After a measured value ETT (t) for the experienced travel time at time t, determined z. B. by one of the methods described above, and a function TT (s) are present, is now a time s o to find such that TT (s o ) = ETT (t) .
    Even for sufficiently smoothed functions TT (s), it will i. A. give several solutions for s o . Typically, there will be two solutions, one for the rising and one for the falling edge ( Fig. 2 ). If the left-hand derivative of the preferably smoothed function ETT, determined from the previous values with ETT (t) last, is positive, the solution on the rising edge of the function TT (s) should be selected, otherwise the solution on the falling edge ,
  3. 3. Finally, in the third step, the predictive travel time at time t, PTT (t), has to be determined at least approximately self-consistently ( Fig. 3 ). The exact self-consistent solution satisfies the equation PTT (t) = TT (s o + PTT (t)), which, however, requires a numerical solution method. However, a simple approximation, which in practice already represents a clear improvement over the previously known methods, is already given by the equation PTT (t) = TT (s o + TT (s o )) , which allows a direct calculation. Further approximation methods for solutions of fixed-point equations are known from mathematics.

Die so bestimmte prädiktive Reisezeit PTT(t) kann nun Eingang finden in verkehrstelematische Dienste anstelle der gemessenen Grösse ETT(t).The thus determined predictive travel time PTT (t) can now be included in traffic telematic services instead of the measured value ETT (t).

Claims (4)

  1. Method for consistent estimation of predictive travel times for use with mobile or fixed detectors for measuring acquired travel times, characterized by the following method steps:
    - definition of a function TT(s) which describes the acquired travel time as a function of the time of day,
    - determination of a time so in such a way that the following applies TT ( s o ) = ETT ( t ) ,
    Figure imgb0007

    where ETT(t) is the measured value which is determined for the travel time at the time t,
    - at least approximately consistent determination of the predictive travel time PTT(t) at the time t, wherein the precise consistent solution satisfies the equation PTT(t) = TT(so + PTT(t)) which requires a numerical solution method.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that
    - the function TT(s) is selected using features such as the day of the week, the known profile of the acquired travel time since the start of the day, the traffic flow at measurement locations on or in the vicinity of the route section under consideration from an existing historical database,
    - if the left-side derivation of the preferably smoothed function ETT, determined from the preceding values with ETT(t) as the last value, is positive, the solution on the rising edge of the function TT(s) is to be selected, and otherwise the solution on the falling edge is to be selected.
  3. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that
    - the function TT(s) is constructed, wherein said function is, in the simplest case, constant or linear in certain sections, wherein the lower (upper) level of the travel time TT < (TT > ) with the free velocity νfs) and the length of the route section L under consideration are associated by means of TT < = L v f TT > = L v s ,
    Figure imgb0008
    where the dimensionless steepness of the edges is given by σ = ± 1 L ( TT > - TT < ) V S ,
    Figure imgb0009

    and where Vs is the velocity of the front of a traffic jam, from which it is possible to derive how quickly the upper level TT > is reached from the lower travel time level at a link TT <, or conversely,
    - if the left-side derivation of the preferably smoothed function ETT, determined from the preceding values with ETT(t) as the last value, is positive, the solution on the rising edge of the function TT(s) is to be selected, and otherwise the solution on the falling edge is to be selected.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a simple approximation is given by the equation PTT t = TT s o + TT s o
    Figure imgb0010

    which permits a direct calculation.
EP02090192A 2002-01-03 2002-05-28 Method for self consistent estimation of predictive travel times for use with mobile or stationary detectors for measuring run travel times Expired - Lifetime EP1326222B1 (en)

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DE19725556A1 (en) * 1997-06-12 1998-12-24 Mannesmann Ag Method and device for predicting traffic conditions
DE19753034A1 (en) * 1997-11-18 1999-06-17 Ddg Ges Fuer Verkehrsdaten Mbh Method for forecasting a parameter representing the state of a system, in particular a traffic parameter representing the state of a traffic network, and device for carrying out the method
DE19935769C2 (en) * 1999-07-23 2002-02-07 Ddg Ges Fuer Verkehrsdaten Mbh Traffic condition forecast through feedback cascade
DE19940957C2 (en) * 1999-08-28 2001-10-18 Daimler Chrysler Ag Traffic forecasting method for a traffic network with traffic-regulated network nodes
US6615130B2 (en) * 2000-03-17 2003-09-02 Makor Issues And Rights Ltd. Real time vehicle guidance and traffic forecasting system
US6317686B1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2001-11-13 Bin Ran Method of providing travel time
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