EP1012906B1 - Microwave flat antenna - Google Patents

Microwave flat antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1012906B1
EP1012906B1 EP98934748A EP98934748A EP1012906B1 EP 1012906 B1 EP1012906 B1 EP 1012906B1 EP 98934748 A EP98934748 A EP 98934748A EP 98934748 A EP98934748 A EP 98934748A EP 1012906 B1 EP1012906 B1 EP 1012906B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plane
antenna
antenna according
microwave antenna
shell
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EP98934748A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1012906A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Wixforth
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave antenna with each other Individual antenna elements linked via lines of defined length, which are arranged above a ground plane.
  • the invention relates in particular to a flat microwave antenna of the generic type, being adjacent to the plane in of which the individual antenna elements are arranged, a displaceable Level (setting level) is arranged, the means contributes to phase shift on those carried by the lines To act on individual signals.
  • the generic antennas can be both transmit and receive antennas.
  • Level microwave antennas of the generic type are known in the prior art, for example the flat antenna A60-F from the Blau Vietnamese brand.
  • Such flat microwave antennas are primarily intended to replace the so-called "satellite dishes", which have become very popular in recent years, but whose external appearance often triggers criticism, as it aesthetically disturbs the external appearance of buildings and landscapes intervenes.
  • the known flat antennas - like the already mentioned parabolic antennas - have to be aligned with respect to two degrees of freedom to the respective satellite to be received in order to provide acceptable signal-to-noise ratios of the antenna signal.
  • the two degrees of freedom are usually referred to as “elevation” and “azimuth”, the elevation being an angle corresponds, which lies between the main lobe direction of the main antenna plane and the azimuth ⁇ characterizes the rotation of the entire arrangement about a vertical axis.
  • elevation and “azimuth”
  • the elevation being an angle corresponds, which lies between the main lobe direction of the main antenna plane and the azimuth ⁇ characterizes the rotation of the entire arrangement about a vertical axis.
  • other angle designations can also be selected.
  • planar antennas flat antenna
  • Mechanical alignment is therefore also necessary.
  • a flat microwave antenna is known from EP 0 456 579 A1, in which the main lobe direction can be set without pivoting the main plane.
  • at least one setting level is provided, on which wedge-shaped means are provided in order to apply a defined phase delay to the respective lines which originate from the individual antenna elements. In this way it can be achieved that the angle , which is formed between the main lobe direction and the base plane of the planar antenna, can deviate from 90 °.
  • the direction can only be shifted created the possibility of the main club direction in to swivel one plane, the one with classic flat antennas 90 ° angle between the main lobe direction and the base of the antennas to a pointed or a obtuse angle can be changed, but the main lobe direction always lies in the plane through the vertical axis and the direction of ascending or descending phase shift of the individual signals is spanned.
  • the task is solved with such an antenna, to create a planar antenna that is inconspicuously parallel to a wall or other flat surface, for example Dwelling houses or similar can be attached, with the adjustable Directional characteristic of the antenna is ensured, that reception in any position or spatial orientation the base of the antenna is possible.
  • planar antenna known from the European patent application with adjustable polar pattern is however with some Disadvantages, which are very practical restrict.
  • the means that to have a phase-shifting effect on the individual lines, at right angles extend to the lines, which in the laid-open specification disclosed wedge-shaped formation of the phase shift elements have a certain thickness of the setting level requires and has manufacturing problems.
  • the invention is therefore based on the first object, an antenna the special kind, starting from the state of the art to improve in the form of EP 0 456 579 A1 so that the phase shift elements on the setting level manufacture and less susceptible to mechanical interference are.
  • the solution to the problem is with a generic level Microwave antenna characterized in that the lines are interrupted each time that each interruption point with one arranged on the displaceable plane, essentially U-shaped conductor section is bridged, its effective Length can be changed by moving the setting level.
  • phase shifter / delay elements can on the Setting level in different manufacturing techniques or ladder techniques be arranged. This includes microstrip lines, Triplate line or strip line, suspended substrate line, Slot line, coplanar line, coplanar Stripline.
  • the setting level between the mass level is particularly preferred and the level of the individual antenna elements.
  • the U-shaped conductor sections can be galvanic or mixed be inductively / capacitively coupled.
  • the angle between can be adjusted by moving the setting plane Main lobe direction and the main antenna level set are, preferably the setting level in the form of a film is formed, attack at the edges of traction devices.
  • This Traction means can for example be arranged opposite one another Screws with which the setting level is in Shape of the film can move in one direction.
  • an inventive development of the plane microwave antenna according to the invention is characterized in that the antenna plane is rotatably mounted, and thus an angle ⁇ about the vertical axis is adjustable.
  • the invention is therefore based on the further object to create planar microwave antennas for any type of polarization suitable is.
  • each Shell at least one level containing single antenna elements has and the preferred direction of the individual antenna elements the first shell perpendicular to the preferred direction of the individual antenna elements the second shell runs.
  • the solution according to the invention can be particularly advantageous use with the proposed microwave antenna with adjustable directivity, at which exactly a slidable plane with substantially U-shaped conductor sections as phase shifting elements on one rotatable main plane is arranged so that the main lobe direction can be set with little effort.
  • an antenna is created which are for example for satellite reception and communication etc. Suitable for applications where the antenna is inconspicuously parallel to any surface, for example a house wall, a gable wall, etc. can be attached and good signal-to-noise ratios the antenna signal with any type of polarization supplies.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention provided degrees of freedom for aligning the main lobe of a Planar antenna according to the invention 10.
  • the planar antenna according to the invention 10 has, for example, 10 ⁇ 10 individual antenna elements on, which in Figure 1 only by a circle 12th are indicated.
  • the edge of the antenna surface can - as in Figure 1 indicated - for example rectangular, i.e. the matrix of 10 x 10 individual antenna elements following - be formed, or, to enable the preferred rotation around the vertical axis - Z axis - have a circular border.
  • a defined phase shift can be imparted to all individual antenna elements of the same coordinate in the direction of the X ′ axis, as symbolized by the triangle 14. In this way it can be achieved that despite an angle incidence angle deviating from the perpendicular, all individual signals of the individual antenna elements converge in phase at the summation point.
  • the entire antenna arrangement can be pivoted about the vertical axis, ie the Z axis, so that the X ′ axis can be pivoted by an angle ⁇ to the X axis.
  • the angle ⁇ can be an azimuth, for example.
  • the very simple concept provided according to the invention enables cheap antennas that are in any location on building walls, and in particular parallel to a building wall can, the direction of the main lobe nonetheless in space can be freely aligned.
  • Figure 2 shows the structure of a proposed Planar antenna; in Figure 3 are the layers shown in Figure 2 shown as an exploded view.
  • a two-shell structure is provided by two to evaluate orthogonal polarization components and to be able to set any type of polarization.
  • FIG. 2 shows the layers belonging to an upper shell 20s reference numerals, while those to a lower shell associated layers bear 30s reference numerals.
  • a metal layer can first be seen in FIG. 2 from top to bottom 20, which is applied to a carrier material 22, the hereinafter referred to as "Superstrat 22".
  • Figure 3 shows that the metal layer 20 has 2 x 2 circular cutouts 21 carries. Each circular section is part of a single antenna element.
  • the representation of a 2 x 2 matrix of single antenna elements has been chosen to be a. easy to to enable grasping representation, in actual embodiments the antennas according to the invention are the matrices single antenna elements can be chosen much larger, to be sufficiently strong, especially for satellite reception Get overall signal.
  • a film 24 is arranged, which in Direction of the arrows in Figure 3 is displaceable.
  • the substrate 26 carries one Network structure with individual antenna elements 27, all of them are aligned in a direction parallel to each other.
  • the Single antenna elements 27 with the corresponding circular sections 21 interact in the metal layer 20, go Lines that are interrupted at two points 28a and 28b. These break points are through the U-shaped conductor pieces 25a and 25b bridged, the position of the Slide 24 the effective length of the U-shaped "pull-out lines" 25a and 25b can be changed.
  • the metal layer 30 additionally having a central opening 33 has access to an outcoupling contact 29 enable, which is arranged on the substrate 26.
  • the single antenna elements 37 In contrast to the network structure with single antenna elements 27, which is arranged on the substrate 26, are the single antenna elements 37, each with the cutouts 31 in the Metal layer 30 interact, under an orthogonal Direction to the first-mentioned individual antenna elements 27 aligned.
  • the outcoupling contact 39 likewise extends at an angle of ⁇ / 2 to the decoupling contact 29.
  • the bottom layer 40 shows the base plane 40, a circular waveguide 42, according to the invention in relation to the base plane 40 is rotatable and arranged offset by ⁇ / 2 from each other Coupling contact 29 and 39 of the two shells cooperate.
  • FIG 4 are four individual antenna elements each of the top and the lower shell is shown in perspective one above the other.
  • the mutually assigned individual antenna elements 27 and 37 under mutually perpendicular polarization directions are arranged.
  • FIG. 5 shows the representation according to FIG. 4 in the form of a projection, the direction of projection parallel to the vertical axis, i.e. Z axis runs.
  • the ones spaced apart in space Levels of the first and second shell therefore appear in the Top view in Figure 5 fused together.
  • Figure 5 shows furthermore two outcoupling contacts arranged on the circular waveguide 42 49 which are spaced apart by ⁇ / 2, as well the coupling contacts 29 of the upper shell and 39 of the lower one Bowl.
  • the vertical decoupling contact shown the signal of (with respect the view) decoupled vertically polarized wave portion become.
  • the other decoupling contact 49 is accordingly Horizontal polarized wave signal available.
  • the circular waveguide 42 is relative to the antenna surface been rotated so that 49 signals horizontally at the coupling contacts and vertically polarized wave components with respect to one are available for viewing the inclined plane of incidence.
  • the antenna according to the invention opens up the possibility cost-effectively a universal antenna especially for satellite reception to create that in any position, i.e. in aesthetic satisfactorily arranged to be received Satellites are aligned and based on simple means different forms of polarization can be switched.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show examples of the binary tree structure and the arrangement of phase shifting "pull-out lines".
  • Figure 7 shows an arrangement in which the individual antenna elements are symbolized by circles 12, while the phase shifting Elements 25 of the first shell and 35 of the second Shell are indicated by corresponding U-shaped pieces.
  • FIG. 7 further shows the circular boundary of the antenna plane, the one rotation around - in Figure 7 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing trending - vertical axis favors.
  • Figure 8 shows an example in a similar symbolic representation conceivable matrices or binary tree structures for 2x2 antenna elements, 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 antenna elements.
  • the size of the Matrix of antenna elements can be chosen arbitrarily, whereby square arrangements should be preferred.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Mikrowellenantenne mit miteinander über Leitungen definierter Länge verknüpften Einzel-Antennen-Elementen, die über einer Masseebene angeordnet sind.The invention relates to a microwave antenna with each other Individual antenna elements linked via lines of defined length, which are arranged above a ground plane.

Die Erfindung betrifft im speziellen eine ebene Mikrowellenantenne der gattungsgemäßen Art, wobei benachbart der Ebene, in der die Einzel-Antennen-Elemente angeordnet sind, eine verschiebbare Ebene (Einstellebene) angeordnet ist, die Mittel trägt, um phasenverschiebend auf die von den Leitungen geführten Einzelsignale einzuwirken. Die gattungsgemäßen Antennen können sowohl Sende- wie Empfangsantennen sein.The invention relates in particular to a flat microwave antenna of the generic type, being adjacent to the plane in of which the individual antenna elements are arranged, a displaceable Level (setting level) is arranged, the means contributes to phase shift on those carried by the lines To act on individual signals. The generic antennas can be both transmit and receive antennas.

Ebene Mikrowellenantennen der gattungsgemäßen Art sind im Stand der Technik bekannt, beispielsweise die Flachantenne A60-F der Marke Blaupunkt. Solche ebenen Mikrowellenantennen sind vor allen Dingen dazu gedacht, die sogenannten "Satellitenschüsseln" zu ersetzen, die in den letzten Jahren sehr populär geworden sind, deren äußeres Erscheinungsbild aber häufig Kritik auslöst, da es in das äußere Erscheinungsbild von Gebäuden und Landschaften in ästhetisch störender Weise eingreift. Die bekannten Flachantennen müssen - wie auch die bereits erwähnten Parabolantennen -hinsichtlich zweier Freiheitsgrade auf den jeweiligen zu empfangenden Satelliten ausgerichtet werden, um akzeptable Störabstände des Antennensignals zu liefern. Die beiden Freiheitsgrade werden üblicherweise als "Elevation" und "Azimut" bezeichnet, wobei die Elevation einem Winkel

Figure 00010001
entspricht, der zwischen der Hauptkeulenrichtung der Antennenhauptebene liegt und der Azimut ϕ die Drehung der gesamten Anordnung um eine Hochachse charakterisiert. Je nach Lage des beschreibenden Koordinatensystems können auch andere Winkelbezeichnungen gewählt sein. Level microwave antennas of the generic type are known in the prior art, for example the flat antenna A60-F from the Blaupunkt brand. Such flat microwave antennas are primarily intended to replace the so-called "satellite dishes", which have become very popular in recent years, but whose external appearance often triggers criticism, as it aesthetically disturbs the external appearance of buildings and landscapes intervenes. The known flat antennas - like the already mentioned parabolic antennas - have to be aligned with respect to two degrees of freedom to the respective satellite to be received in order to provide acceptable signal-to-noise ratios of the antenna signal. The two degrees of freedom are usually referred to as "elevation" and "azimuth", the elevation being an angle
Figure 00010001
corresponds, which lies between the main lobe direction of the main antenna plane and the azimuth ϕ characterizes the rotation of the entire arrangement about a vertical axis. Depending on the position of the descriptive coordinate system, other angle designations can also be selected.

Alle bisher angebotenen Planarantennen (ebenen Antenne) können nur in der zu ihrer Grundfläche senkrechten Einfallsrichtung empfangen. Ein mechanisches Ausrichten ist daher ebenfalls erforderlich.All previously available planar antennas (flat antenna) can only in the direction of incidence perpendicular to their base receive. Mechanical alignment is therefore also necessary.

Aus der EP 0 456 579 A1 ist eine ebene Mikrowellenantenne bekannt, bei der die Hauptkeulenrichtung eingestellt werden kann, ohne die Hauptebene zu verschwenken. Bei diesem spezielleren Stand der Technik, von dem die Erfindung ausgeht, ist zumindest eine Einstellebene vorgesehen, auf der keilförmig ausgebildete Mittel vorgesehen sind, um die jeweiligen Leitungen, die von den Einzelantennen-Elementen herrühren, mit einem definierten Phasenverzug zu beaufschlagen. Auf diese Weise läßt sich erreichen, daß der Winkel , der zwischen Hauptkeulenrichtung und Grundebene der Planarantenne gebildet wird, von 90° abweichen kann.A flat microwave antenna is known from EP 0 456 579 A1, in which the main lobe direction can be set without pivoting the main plane. In this more specific prior art, from which the invention is based, at least one setting level is provided, on which wedge-shaped means are provided in order to apply a defined phase delay to the respective lines which originate from the individual antenna elements. In this way it can be achieved that the angle , which is formed between the main lobe direction and the base plane of the planar antenna, can deviate from 90 °.

Bei Vorhandensein lediglich einer Einstellebene, die in einer Richtung verschiebbar ist, wird bei einer solchen Antenne lediglich die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die Hauptkeulenrichtung in einer Ebene zu verschwenken, wobei der bei klassischen Flachantennen 90° betragende Winkel zwischen der Hauptkeulenrichtung und der Grundfläche der Antennen zu einem spitzen oder einem stumpfen Winkel abgeändert werden kann, jedoch die Hauptkeulenrichtung immer in der Ebene liegt, die durch die Hochachse und die Richtung auf- bzw. absteigenden Phasenversatzes der Einzelsignale aufgespannt wird.If there is only one setting level, which is in one With such an antenna, the direction can only be shifted created the possibility of the main club direction in to swivel one plane, the one with classic flat antennas 90 ° angle between the main lobe direction and the base of the antennas to a pointed or a obtuse angle can be changed, but the main lobe direction always lies in the plane through the vertical axis and the direction of ascending or descending phase shift of the individual signals is spanned.

Um eine beliebige Ausrichtung der Hauptkeulenrichtung der Antenne in dem die Grundfläche der Antenne überspannenden Halbkugelraum ermöglichen zu können, ist bei dem Stand der Technik in Form der EP 0 456 579 A1 gemäß Unteranspruch 5 vorgesehen, zwei rechtwinklig zueinander angeordnete Einstellebenen vorzusehen, so daß Phasenverschiebungen der Einzelsignale in zwei senkrecht aufeinanderstehenden Richtungen ermöglicht werden.Any orientation of the main lobe direction of the antenna in the hemisphere space spanning the base of the antenna To enable is in the state of the art in Form of EP 0 456 579 A1 provided according to subclaim 5, two to provide adjustment levels arranged at right angles to each other, so that phase shifts of the individual signals in two perpendicular superimposed directions are enabled.

Mit einer solchen Antenne ist theoretisch die Aufgabe gelöst, eine Planarantenne zu schaffen, die unauffällig parallel zu einer Wand oder einer anderen ebenen Fläche, beispielsweise an Wohnhäusern o.ä. angebracht werden kann, wobei durch die einstellbare Richtcharakteristik der Antenne sichergestellt ist, daß ein Empfang in beliebiger Lage bzw. räumlicher Orientation der Grundfläche der Antenne möglich ist.Theoretically, the task is solved with such an antenna, to create a planar antenna that is inconspicuously parallel to a wall or other flat surface, for example Dwelling houses or similar can be attached, with the adjustable Directional characteristic of the antenna is ensured, that reception in any position or spatial orientation the base of the antenna is possible.

Die aus der europäischen Offenlegungsschrift bekannte Planarantenne mit einstellbarer Richtcharakteristik ist jedoch mit einigen Nachteilen behaftet, die ihre praktische Anwendbarkeit sehr einschränken. Zum einen ist vorgesehen, daß sich die Mittel, die phasenverschiebend auf die Einzelleitungen wirken sollen, rechtwinklig zu den Leitungen erstrecken, wobei die in der Offenlegungsschrift offenbarte keilförmige Ausbildung der phasenverschiebend wirkenden Elemente eine gewisse Dicke der Einstellebene erfordert und fertigungstechnische Probleme bietet.The planar antenna known from the European patent application with adjustable polar pattern is however with some Disadvantages, which are very practical restrict. On the one hand, it is envisaged that the means that to have a phase-shifting effect on the individual lines, at right angles extend to the lines, which in the laid-open specification disclosed wedge-shaped formation of the phase shift elements have a certain thickness of the setting level requires and has manufacturing problems.

Darüber hinaus ist der Aufbau mit zwei senkrecht zueinander angeordneten Einstellebenen aufwendig und verteuert die Antenne.In addition, the structure with two perpendicular to each other arranged adjustment levels expensive and expensive the antenna.

Der Erfindung liegt daher als erste Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Antenne der speziellen Gattung, ausgehend von dem Stand der Technik in Form der EP 0 456 579 A1 so zu verbessern, daß die phasenverschiebend wirkenden Elemente einfacher auf der Einstellebene herzustellen und mechanisch störungsunanfälliger sind.The invention is therefore based on the first object, an antenna the special kind, starting from the state of the art to improve in the form of EP 0 456 579 A1 so that the phase shift elements on the setting level manufacture and less susceptible to mechanical interference are.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe ist bei einer gattungsgemäßen ebenen Mikrowellenantenne dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leitungen jeweils unterbrochen sind, daß jede Unterbrechungsstelle jeweils mit einem auf der verschiebbaren Ebene angeordneten, im wesentlichen U-förmigen Leiterabschnitt überbrückt wird, dessen effektive Länge durch Verschieben der Einstellebene veränderlich ist. The solution to the problem is with a generic level Microwave antenna characterized in that the lines are interrupted each time that each interruption point with one arranged on the displaceable plane, essentially U-shaped conductor section is bridged, its effective Length can be changed by moving the setting level.

Durch die vorgesehene Unterbrechung der Leitungen wirkt der jede Unterbrechungsstelle zugeordnete, im wesentlichen U-förmige Leiterabschnitt gleichsam wie eine veränderliche Ausziehleitung, wodurch die Laufzeit des Signals und damit seine Phasenlage beeinflußt werden können. Die erfindungsgemäß auf der Einstellebene vorgesehenen Phasenschieber/Laufzeitglieder können auf der Einstellebene in verschiedenen Herstellungstechniken bzw. Leitertechniken angeordnet sein. Hierzu gehören Mikrostreifenleitungen, Triplate-Leitung oder auch Streifenleitung, suspendedsubstrate-Leitung, Schlitzleitung, Koplanarleitung, koplanare Streifenleitung.The planned interruption of the lines means that everyone works Interruption associated, essentially U-shaped Ladder section as if it were a variable pull-out line, whereby the transit time of the signal and thus its phase position can be influenced. According to the invention on the setting level provided phase shifter / delay elements can on the Setting level in different manufacturing techniques or ladder techniques be arranged. This includes microstrip lines, Triplate line or strip line, suspended substrate line, Slot line, coplanar line, coplanar Stripline.

Besonders bevorzugt ist dabei die Einstellebene zwischen Massenebene und der Ebene der Einzelantenne-Elemente angeordnet. Die U-förmigen Leiterabschnitte können galvanisch oder aber gemischt induktiv/kapazitiv gekoppelt sein.The setting level between the mass level is particularly preferred and the level of the individual antenna elements. The U-shaped conductor sections can be galvanic or mixed be inductively / capacitively coupled.

Dabei kann durch Verschieben der Einstellebene der Winkel zwischen Hauptkeulenrichtung und der Antennenhauptebene eingestellt werden, wobei bevorzugt die Einstellebene in Form einer Folie ausgebildet ist, an deren Rändern Zugmittel angreifen. Diese Zugmittel können beispielsweise einander gegenüberliegend angeordnete Schrauben sein, mit denen sich die Einstellebene in Form der Folie jeweils in eine Richtung bewegen läßt.The angle between can be adjusted by moving the setting plane Main lobe direction and the main antenna level set are, preferably the setting level in the form of a film is formed, attack at the edges of traction devices. This Traction means can for example be arranged opposite one another Screws with which the setting level is in Shape of the film can move in one direction.

Erfindungsgemäß ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, daß genau eine Einstellebene vorhanden ist, um den mechanischen Aufbau der Antenne zu vereinfachen. Um trotzdem die Hauptkeulenrichtung bei gegebenem Winkel zwischen Hauptkeulenrichtung und Antennenebene im Raum ausrichten zu können, ist eine erfinderische Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen ebenen Mikrowellenantenne dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antennenebene drehbar gelagert ist, und so auch ein Winkel ϕ um die Hochachse einstellbar ist.According to the invention, it is preferably provided that exactly one setting level is present in order to simplify the mechanical construction of the antenna. To nevertheless the main lobe direction at a given angle To be able to align between the main lobe direction and the antenna plane in space, an inventive development of the plane microwave antenna according to the invention is characterized in that the antenna plane is rotatably mounted, and thus an angle ϕ about the vertical axis is adjustable.

Gegenüber dem Stand der Technik in Form der erwähnten gattungsbildenden EP 0 456 579 A1 wird so ein vereinfachter Aufbau erzielt, der darüber hinaus wegen der speziellen Ausgestaltung der phasenverschiebend wirkenden Elemente preiswerter herzustellen und störunempfindlicher ist.Compared to the prior art in the form of the generic EP 0 456 579 A1 thus achieves a simplified structure, which also because of the special design of the phase-shifting elements cheaper to produce and is less sensitive to interference.

Es ist ein weiterer Nachteil der den speziellen gattungsbildenden Stand der Technik darstellenden Planarantenne gemäß der EP 0 456 579 A1, daß die Planarantenne gemäß des Standes der Technik nur für die Polarisationsarten linkszirkular (LHCP) und rechtszirkular (RHCP) geeignet ist.It is another disadvantage of the special generic State of the art planar antenna according to EP 0 456 579 A1 that the planar antenna according to the prior art only for the polarizations left circular (LHCP) and right circular (RHCP) is suitable.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die weitere Aufgabe zugrunde, eine planare Mikrowellenantenne zu schaffen, die für beliebige Polarisationsarten geeignet ist.The invention is therefore based on the further object to create planar microwave antennas for any type of polarization suitable is.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe ist bei einer Mikrowellenantenne mit miteinander über Leitungen definierter Länge verknüpften Einzel-Antennen-Elementen, die über einer Masseebene angeordnet sind, gekennzeichnet durch einen zweischaligen Aufbau, wobei jede Schale zumindest eine Einzel-Antennen-Elemente enthaltende Ebene aufweist und die Vorzugsrichtung der Einzel-Antennen-Elemente der ersten Schale rechtwinklig zu der Vorzugsrichtung der Einzel-Antennen-Elemente der zweiten Schale verläuft.The solution to the problem is with a microwave antenna single antenna elements linked together via lines of defined length, which are arranged above a ground plane, characterized by a double-shell structure, each Shell at least one level containing single antenna elements has and the preferred direction of the individual antenna elements the first shell perpendicular to the preferred direction of the individual antenna elements the second shell runs.

Dabei ist zur einfachen Wahl der Polarisationsrichtung bevorzugt vorgesehen, daß die jeweils aufsummierten Signale der ersten und der zweiten Schale zu jeweils einem von zwei Auskoppelkontakten geleitet werden, die um einen Winkel von π/2 zueinander versetzt in einem kreisförmigen Ausschnitt angeordnet sind, und daß ein in dem kreisförmigen Ausschnitt drehbar gelagerter Hohlleiter mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt zwei korrespondierende, um π/2 zueinander versetzt angeordnete Auskoppelkontakte aufweist.It is preferred for easy selection of the direction of polarization provided that the respectively summed signals of the first and the second shell to one of two decoupling contacts be conducted, which are offset by an angle of π / 2 to each other are arranged in a circular cutout, and that a in the circular cutout rotatably mounted waveguide with circular cross-section two corresponding to π / 2 Coupling contacts arranged offset to one another.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung läßt sich insbesondere vorteilhaft anwenden mit der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Mikrowellen-antenne mit einstellbarer Richtcharakteristik, bei der genau eine verschiebbare Ebene mit im wesentlichen U-förmigen Leiterabschnitten als phasenverschiebende Elementen auf einer drehbaren Hauptebene angeordnet ist, so daß die Hauptkeulenrichtung mit geringem Aufwand eingestellt werden kann. Durch die Kombination der beiden Maßnahmen wird eine Antenne geschaffen, die sich beispielsweise für Satellitenempfang und -kommunikation u.ä. Anwendungsfälle eignet, wobei die Antenne unauffällig parallel zu einer beliebigen Fläche, beispielsweise einer Hauswand, einer Giebelwand u.ä. angebracht werden kann und gute Störabstände des Antennensignals bei beliebigen Polarisationsarten liefert.The solution according to the invention can be particularly advantageous use with the proposed microwave antenna with adjustable directivity, at which exactly a slidable plane with substantially U-shaped conductor sections as phase shifting elements on one rotatable main plane is arranged so that the main lobe direction can be set with little effort. Through the Combining the two measures, an antenna is created which are for example for satellite reception and communication etc. Suitable for applications where the antenna is inconspicuously parallel to any surface, for example a house wall, a gable wall, etc. can be attached and good signal-to-noise ratios the antenna signal with any type of polarization supplies.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen näher beschrieben.Further preferred embodiments of the invention are in the Sub-claims described in more detail.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung näher dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Figur 1 -
eine schematische Darstellung der Einstellmöglichkeiten der Richtung der Hauptkeule bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachantenne,
Figur 2 -
eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung des Schichtaufbaus einer erfindungsgemäßen Flachantenne,
Figur 3 -
den Schichtaufbau gemäß Figur 2, als Explosionszeichnung,
Figur 4 -
eine perspektivische schematische Darstellung der beiden Schalen mit um π/2 zueinander versetzt angeordneten Antennenelementen,
Figur 5 -
die Darstellung gemäß Figur 4 in Draufsicht, wobei die Auskoppelkontakte eines zentralen Hohlleiters in einer ersten Stellung dargestellt sind,
Figur 6 -
die Darstellung gemäß Figur 5, wobei die Auskoppelorte versetzt sind, um eine andere Polarisationsebene empfangbar zu machen,
Figur 7 -
eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Gestaltung einer Binär-Baumstruktur mit Einzel-Antennen-Elementen und phasenverschiebenden Gliedern, wobei der Antennenrand kreisförmig ist, und
Figur 8 -
Beispiele für Binär-Baumstrukturen und Anordnung von phasenverschiebenden Gliedern bei verschiedenen quadratischen Anzahlen von Einzel-Antennen-Elementen.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
Figure 1 -
1 shows a schematic representation of the setting options for the direction of the main lobe in a flat antenna according to the invention,
Figure 2 -
2 shows a schematic perspective illustration of the layer structure of a flat antenna according to the invention,
Figure 3 -
the layer structure according to Figure 2, as an exploded view,
Figure 4 -
2 shows a perspective schematic representation of the two shells with antenna elements arranged offset by π / 2 from one another,
Figure 5 -
4 in top view, the outcoupling contacts of a central waveguide being shown in a first position,
Figure 6 -
the representation according to FIG. 5, the coupling-out locations being offset in order to make another polarization plane receivable,
Figure 7 -
a schematic representation of a possible design of a binary tree structure with individual antenna elements and phase-shifting elements, the antenna edge being circular, and
Figure 8 -
Examples of binary tree structures and arrangement of phase-shifting elements with different square numbers of individual antenna elements.

Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Freiheitsgrade zur Ausrichtung der Hauptkeule einer erfindungsgemäßen Planarantenne 10. Die erfindungsgemäße Planarantenne 10 weist beispielsweise 10 x 10 Einzel-Antennen-Elemente auf, die in Figur 1 lediglich durch jeweils einen Kreis 12 angedeutet sind. Der Rand der Antennenfläche kann - wie in Figur 1 angedeutet - beispielsweise rechteckig, d.h. der Matrix von 10 x 10 Einzel-Antennen-Elementen folgend - ausgebildet sein, oder, um die bevorzugte Drehung um die Hochachse - Z-Achse - zu ermöglichen, einen kreisförmigen Rand aufweisen.Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention provided degrees of freedom for aligning the main lobe of a Planar antenna according to the invention 10. The planar antenna according to the invention 10 has, for example, 10 × 10 individual antenna elements on, which in Figure 1 only by a circle 12th are indicated. The edge of the antenna surface can - as in Figure 1 indicated - for example rectangular, i.e. the matrix of 10 x 10 individual antenna elements following - be formed, or, to enable the preferred rotation around the vertical axis - Z axis - have a circular border.

Wie in den folgenden Figuren noch näher dargestellt ist, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß in Richtung der X'-Achse allen Einzel-Antennen-Elementen gleicher Koordinate eine definierte Phasenverschiebung vermittelt werden kann, wie es durch das Dreieck 14 symbolisiert ist. Auf diese Weise kann erreicht werden, daß trotz eines um einen Winkel von der Senkrechten abweichenden Einfallswinkel alle Einzelsignale der Einzel-Antennen-Elemente am Summationspunkt phasengleich auflaufen.As is shown in more detail in the following figures, it is provided according to the invention that a defined phase shift can be imparted to all individual antenna elements of the same coordinate in the direction of the X ′ axis, as symbolized by the triangle 14. In this way it can be achieved that despite an angle incidence angle deviating from the perpendicular, all individual signals of the individual antenna elements converge in phase at the summation point.

Erfindungsgemäß ist lediglich eine Einstellebene mit phasenverschiebend wirkenden Gliedern vorgesehen. Um die Richtung der Hauptkeule nicht nur in der durch die Z-Achse und die X'-Achse aufgespannten Ebene um einen Winkel verschwenken zu können, ist vorgesehen, daß die gesamte Antennenanordnung um die Hochachse, d.h. die Z-Achse schwenkbar ist, so daß die X'-Achse um einen Winkel ϕ zur X-Achse verschwenkt werden kann. Bei entsprechender Ausrichtung der Antennenfläche kann der Winkel ϕ beispielsweise ein Azimut sein.According to the invention, only one setting level with phase-shifting elements is provided. Around the direction of the main lobe not only in the plane spanned by the Z-axis and the X'-axis by an angle to be able to pivot, it is provided that the entire antenna arrangement can be pivoted about the vertical axis, ie the Z axis, so that the X ′ axis can be pivoted by an angle ϕ to the X axis. With a corresponding alignment of the antenna surface, the angle ϕ can be an azimuth, for example.

Das erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene sehr einfache Konzept ermöglicht billige Antennen, die in beliebiger Lage an Gebäudewänden, und insbesondere parallel zu einer Gebäudewand, angeordnet werden können, wobei die Richtung der Hauptkeule gleichwohl im Raum frei ausgerichtet werden können.The very simple concept provided according to the invention enables cheap antennas that are in any location on building walls, and in particular parallel to a building wall can, the direction of the main lobe nonetheless in space can be freely aligned.

Figur 2 zeigt den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Aufbau einer Planarantenne; in Figur 3 sind die in Figur 2 gezeigten Schichten als Explosionszeichnung dargestellt.Figure 2 shows the structure of a proposed Planar antenna; in Figure 3 are the layers shown in Figure 2 shown as an exploded view.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein zweischaliger Aufbau vorgesehen, um zwei orthogonal zueinanderstehende Polarisationsanteile auszuwerten und so eine beliebige Polarisationarten einstellen zu können. In Figur 2 sind die zu einer oberen Schale gehörigen Schichten mit 20er-Bezugszeichen versehen, während die zu einer unteren Schale gehörigen Schichten 30er-Bezugszeichen tragen.According to the invention, a two-shell structure is provided by two to evaluate orthogonal polarization components and to be able to set any type of polarization. In FIG. 2 shows the layers belonging to an upper shell 20s reference numerals, while those to a lower shell associated layers bear 30s reference numerals.

In Figur 2 erkennt man von oben nach unten zunächst eine Metallschicht 20, die auf einem Trägermaterial 22 aufgebracht ist, das im folgenden als "Superstrat 22" bezeichnet werden wird. Figur 3 zeigt, daß die Metallschicht 20 2 x 2 kreisförmige Ausschnitte 21 trägt. Jeder kreisförmige Ausschnitt ist Teil eines Einzel-Antennen-Elementes. Die Darstellung einer 2 x 2-Matrix von Einzel-Antennen-Elementen ist gewählt worden, um eine. leicht zu erfassende Darstellung zu ermöglichen, bei tatsächlichen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne werden die Matrizen von Einzel-Antennen-Elementen wesentlich größer zu wählen sein, um insbesondere beim Satellitenempfang ein ausreichend starkes Gesamtsignal zu erhalten. A metal layer can first be seen in FIG. 2 from top to bottom 20, which is applied to a carrier material 22, the hereinafter referred to as "Superstrat 22". Figure 3 shows that the metal layer 20 has 2 x 2 circular cutouts 21 carries. Each circular section is part of a single antenna element. The representation of a 2 x 2 matrix of single antenna elements has been chosen to be a. easy to to enable grasping representation, in actual embodiments the antennas according to the invention are the matrices single antenna elements can be chosen much larger, to be sufficiently strong, especially for satellite reception Get overall signal.

Unter dem Superstrat 22 ist eine Folie 24 angeordnet, die in Richtung der Pfeile in Figur 3 verschiebbar ist. Auf der Folie 24 sind im wesentlichen U-förmige Leiterabschnitte 25a und 25b angeordnet, deren Funktion bei Betrachten der nächsten Schicht, des Substrates 26, deutlich wird. Das Substrat 26 trägt eine Netzwerkstruktur mit Einzel-Antennen-Elementen 27, die sämtlich in eine Richtung parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Von den Einzel-Antennen-Elementen 27, die mit den entsprechenden Kreisausschnitten 21 in der Metallschicht 20 zusammenwirken, gehen Leitungen ab, die an zwei Stellen 28a und 28b unterbrochen sind. Diese Unterbrechungsstellen werden durch die U-förmigen Leiterstücke 25a und 25b überbrückt, wobei durch die Stellung der Folie 24 die effektive Länge der U-förmigen "Ausziehleitungen" 25a und 25b verändert werden kann. Wird die in Figur 3b dargestellte Folie 24 beispielsweise zum oberen Zeichnungsrand hin verschoben, wird die effektive Länge der Umwegleitung 25a vergrößert, während die der Leitung 25b verkleinert wird. Entsprechend wird ein Phasendifferenzwinkel eingestellt, da die von in Figur 3 links liegenden Einzel-Antennen-Elementen herrührenden Signale einen längeren Laufweg zurückzulegen haben als die von den in der gleichen Figur rechts dargestellten Einzel-Antennen-Elementen herrührenden.Under the superstrate 22, a film 24 is arranged, which in Direction of the arrows in Figure 3 is displaceable. On the slide 24 are substantially U-shaped conductor sections 25a and 25b arranged, their function when looking at the next layer, of the substrate 26 becomes clear. The substrate 26 carries one Network structure with individual antenna elements 27, all of them are aligned in a direction parallel to each other. Of the Single antenna elements 27 with the corresponding circular sections 21 interact in the metal layer 20, go Lines that are interrupted at two points 28a and 28b. These break points are through the U-shaped conductor pieces 25a and 25b bridged, the position of the Slide 24 the effective length of the U-shaped "pull-out lines" 25a and 25b can be changed. Is that shown in Figure 3b Slide 24, for example, towards the top of the drawing shifted, the effective length of the detour line 25a is increased, while that of line 25b is reduced. Corresponding a phase difference angle is set, since that of in FIG. 3 individual antenna elements on the left Signals have to travel a longer distance than that of the individual antenna elements shown on the right in the same figure originating.

In den unteren Schichten wiederholt sich der gleiche Aufbau, wobei die Metallschicht 30 zusätzlich eine zentrale Öffnung 33 aufweist, um einen Zugriff auf einen Auskoppelkontakt 29 zu ermögliche, der auf dem Substrat 26 angeordnet ist.The same structure is repeated in the lower layers, the metal layer 30 additionally having a central opening 33 has access to an outcoupling contact 29 enable, which is arranged on the substrate 26.

Im Gegensatz zu der Netzwerkstruktur mit Einzel-Antennen-Elementen 27, die auf dem Substrat 26 angeordnet ist, sind die Einzel-Antennen-Elemente 37, die jeweils mit den Ausschnitten 31 in der Metallschicht 30 zusammenwirken, unter einer orthogonal verlaufenden Richtung zu den erstgenannten Einzel-Antennen-Elementen 27 ausgerichtet.In contrast to the network structure with single antenna elements 27, which is arranged on the substrate 26, are the single antenna elements 37, each with the cutouts 31 in the Metal layer 30 interact, under an orthogonal Direction to the first-mentioned individual antenna elements 27 aligned.

Ebenso verläuft der Auskoppelkontakt 39 unter einem Winkel von π/2 zu dem Auskoppelkontakt 29. The outcoupling contact 39 likewise extends at an angle of π / 2 to the decoupling contact 29.

Als unterste Schicht erkennt man die Grundebene 40 einen Rundhohlleiter 42, der gegenüber der Grundebene 40 erfindungsgemäß verdrehbar ist und dem um π/2 zueinander versetzt angeordneten Auskoppelkontakt 29 und 39 der beiden Schalen zusammenwirkt.The bottom layer 40 shows the base plane 40, a circular waveguide 42, according to the invention in relation to the base plane 40 is rotatable and arranged offset by π / 2 from each other Coupling contact 29 and 39 of the two shells cooperate.

In Figur 4 sind vier Einzel-Antennen-Elemente je der oberen und der unteren Schale perspektivisch übereinander dargestellt. Man erkennt, daß die einander zugeordneten Einzel-Antennen-Elemente 27 und 37 unter rechtwinklig zueinander liegenden Polarisationsrichtungen angeordnet sind. Auch erkennt man, daß die Projektionen der Auskoppelkontakte 29 und 39 der oberen bzw. unteren Schale um einen Winkel von π/2 zueinander angeordnet sind; weiter erkennt man den drehbar angeordneten Rundhohlleiter 42, mit dem das aufsummierte Gesamtsignal ausgekoppelt wird.In Figure 4 are four individual antenna elements each of the top and the lower shell is shown in perspective one above the other. Man recognizes that the mutually assigned individual antenna elements 27 and 37 under mutually perpendicular polarization directions are arranged. You can also see that the projections the coupling contacts 29 and 39 of the upper and lower ones Shell are arranged at an angle of π / 2 to each other; further one recognizes the rotatable circular waveguide 42 with which the total signal is coupled out.

Figur 5 zeigt die Darstellung gemäß Figur 4 in Form einer Projektion, wobei die Projektionsrichtung parallel zur Hochachse, d.h. Z-Achse verläuft. Die im Raum voneinander beabstandeten Ebenen der ersten und zweiten Schale erscheinen daher in der Draufsicht in Figur 5 miteinander verschmolzen. Figur 5 zeigt weiterhin zwei auf dem Rundhohlleiter 42 angeordnete Auskoppelkontakte 49, die um π/2 voneinander beabstandet sind, ebenso wie die Auskoppelkontakte 29 der oberen Schale und 39 der unteren Schale. In der in Figur 5 gezeigten Stellung kann an dem senkrecht dargestellten Auskoppelkontakt das Signal des (bezüglich der Ansicht) vertikal polarisierten Wellenanteils ausgekoppelt werden. Am anderen Auskoppelkontakt 49 steht dementsprechend das Signal des horizontal polarisierten Wellananteils zur Verfügung.FIG. 5 shows the representation according to FIG. 4 in the form of a projection, the direction of projection parallel to the vertical axis, i.e. Z axis runs. The ones spaced apart in space Levels of the first and second shell therefore appear in the Top view in Figure 5 fused together. Figure 5 shows furthermore two outcoupling contacts arranged on the circular waveguide 42 49 which are spaced apart by π / 2, as well the coupling contacts 29 of the upper shell and 39 of the lower one Bowl. In the position shown in Figure 5, the vertical decoupling contact shown the signal of (with respect the view) decoupled vertically polarized wave portion become. The other decoupling contact 49 is accordingly Horizontal polarized wave signal available.

In Figur 6 ist der Rundhohlleiter 42 relativ zur Antennenfläche verdreht worden, so daß an den Koppelkontakten 49 Signale horizontal und vertikal polarisierter Wellenanteile bezüglich einer zur Ansicht schrägen Einfallsebene zur Verfügung stehen.In Figure 6, the circular waveguide 42 is relative to the antenna surface been rotated so that 49 signals horizontally at the coupling contacts and vertically polarized wave components with respect to one are available for viewing the inclined plane of incidence.

Für lineare Polarisationsformen läßt sich demgemäß durch Verdrehen des Rundhohlleiters 42 eine beliebige Polarisationsebene einstellen. For linear polarization forms can accordingly be twisted of the circular waveguide 42 any polarization plane to adjust.

Werden die von den beiden Schalen gelieferten Signale unter Zwischenschaltung eines 90°-Phasenschiebers miteinander verknüpft, so läßt sich mit der erfindungsgemäßen Planarantenne auch ein zirkular polarisiertes Signal verarbeiten, da zirkular polarisierte Wellen aus beliebigen zwei orthogonalen linearen Wellenanteilen zusammengesetzt werden können. Sind die Auskopplungskontakte am Rundhohlleiteranschluß so verschaltet, daß sie zirkulare Polarisation ergeben, ist die Drehung bzw. der Winkel zur Hauptebene der Antenne unerheblich.Are the signals delivered by the two shells below Interposition of a 90 ° phase shifter linked together, so can with the planar antenna according to the invention also process a circularly polarized signal because it is circular polarized waves from any two orthogonal linear Shaft components can be assembled. Are the decoupling contacts connected to the circular waveguide connection so that it result in circular polarization is the rotation or the angle irrelevant to the main plane of the antenna.

Die erfindungsgemäße Antenne eröffnet kostengünstig die Möglichkeit, eine Universalantenne insbesondere für den Satellitenempfang zu schaffen, die in beliebiger Stellung, d.h. in ästhetisch zufriedenstellender Weise angeordnet, auf einen zu empfangenen Satelliten ausgerichtet werden und mit einfachen Mitteln auf verschiedene Polarisationsformen umgeschaltet werden kann.The antenna according to the invention opens up the possibility cost-effectively a universal antenna especially for satellite reception to create that in any position, i.e. in aesthetic satisfactorily arranged to be received Satellites are aligned and based on simple means different forms of polarization can be switched.

Die Figuren 7 und 8 zeigen Beispiele für die Binär-Baumstruktur und die Anordnung von phasenverschiebenden "Ausziehleitungen". Figur 7 zeigt eine Anordnung, in der die Einzel-Antennen-Elemente durch Kreise 12 symbolisiert sind, während die phasenverschiebenden Elemente 25 der ersten Schale und 35 der zweiten Schale durch entsprechende U-förmige Stücke angedeutet sind. Figur 7 zeigt weiter die kreisförmige Begrenzung der AntennenEbene, die eine Drehung um die - in Figur 7 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verlaufende - Hochachse begünstigt.Figures 7 and 8 show examples of the binary tree structure and the arrangement of phase shifting "pull-out lines". Figure 7 shows an arrangement in which the individual antenna elements are symbolized by circles 12, while the phase shifting Elements 25 of the first shell and 35 of the second Shell are indicated by corresponding U-shaped pieces. FIG. 7 further shows the circular boundary of the antenna plane, the one rotation around - in Figure 7 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing trending - vertical axis favors.

Figur 8 zeigt beispielhaft in ähnlicher symbolischer Darstellung denkbare Matrizen bzw. Binär-Baumstrukturen für 2x2-Antennen-Elemente, 4x4-, 8x8- und 16x16-Antennen-Elemente. Die Größe der Matrix an Antennen-Elementen läßt sich beliebig wählen, wobei quadratischen Anordnungen der Vorzug zu geben ist.Figure 8 shows an example in a similar symbolic representation conceivable matrices or binary tree structures for 2x2 antenna elements, 4x4, 8x8 and 16x16 antenna elements. The size of the Matrix of antenna elements can be chosen arbitrarily, whereby square arrangements should be preferred.

Claims (11)

  1. Planar microwave antenna (10), having individual antenna elements (12) which are linked to one another via lines of defined length and are arranged above an earth plane (40), with a movable adjusting plane (24, 34) being arranged adjacent to the plane (26, 36) in which the individual antenna elements (12) are arranged, which adjusting plane (24, 34) has means to shift the phase of the individual signals carried by the lines, characterized
    in that the lines are each interrupted (28a, b; 38a, b), and
    in that each interruption point (28a, b; 38a, b) is bridged by in each case one essentially U-shaped conductor section (25a, b; 35a, b) which is arranged on the movable adjusting plane (24, 34) and whose effective length can be varied by moving the adjusting plane (24, 34).
  2. Microwave antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the movable adjusting plane (24, 34) is arranged between the earth plane (40) and the plane (26, 36) of the individual antenna elements (12).
  3. Microwave antenna according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ends of each interruption point (28a, b; 38a, b) are conductively coupled to the respective associated U-shaped conductor section (25a, b; 35a, b) on the movable adjusting plane (24, 34).
  4. Microwave antenna according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ends of each interruption point (28a, b; 38a, b) are inductively or capacitively coupled to the respective associated U-shaped conductor section (25a, b; 35a, b) on the movable adjusting plane (24, 34).
  5. Microwave antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle () between the main lobe direction and the antenna plane (10) can be adjusted by moving the adjusting plane (24, 34).
  6. Microwave antenna according to Claim 5, characterized in that the movable adjusting plane (24, 34) is in the form of a sheet which can be adjusted by tensioning means articulated on the edges.
  7. Microwave antenna according to Claim 5, characterized in that the antenna has mechanical means in order to align (ϕ) the main lobe direction in three dimensions for a given angle () between the main lobe direction and the antenna plane (10).
  8. Microwave antenna according to Claim 7, characterized in that the antenna plane (10) is mounted such that it can rotate.
  9. Microwave antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a circular edge.
  10. Microwave antenna according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a two-shell structure (20 series, 30 series), with each shell having at least one plane (26, 36) containing individual antenna elements (12) and having a movable adjusting plane (24, 34), and the polarization direction of the individual antenna elements (27) in the first shell running at right angles to the polarization direction of the individual antenna elements (37) in the second shell.
  11. Microwave antenna according to Claim 10, characterized in that the respectively added signals of the first shell (20 series) and of the second shell (30 series) are passed to in each case one of two output contacts (29, 39) which are arranged such that they are offset through an angle of π/2 with respect to one another in a circular cutout (33), and in that a waveguide (42), which is mounted in the circular cutout such that it can rotate and which has a circular cross section, has two corresponding output contacts (49) which are arranged offset through π/2 with respect to one another.
EP98934748A 1997-09-24 1998-05-19 Microwave flat antenna Expired - Lifetime EP1012906B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19742090A DE19742090A1 (en) 1997-09-24 1997-09-24 Microwave antenna having reduced susceptibility to mechanical defects
DE19742090 1997-09-24
PCT/DE1998/001375 WO1999016148A1 (en) 1997-09-24 1998-05-19 Microwave flat antenna

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EP1012906A1 EP1012906A1 (en) 2000-06-28
EP1012906B1 true EP1012906B1 (en) 2001-11-14

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CN (1) CN1156053C (en)
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JP2001517882A (en) 2001-10-09
CN1271469A (en) 2000-10-25
WO1999016148A1 (en) 1999-04-01
US6246370B1 (en) 2001-06-12
DE59802170D1 (en) 2001-12-20
JP4021617B2 (en) 2007-12-12
DE19742090A1 (en) 1999-03-25
EP1012906A1 (en) 2000-06-28
CN1156053C (en) 2004-06-30

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